CN101500743A - Friction welded part and method of friction welding - Google Patents
Friction welded part and method of friction welding Download PDFInfo
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- CN101500743A CN101500743A CNA2006800553944A CN200680055394A CN101500743A CN 101500743 A CN101500743 A CN 101500743A CN A2006800553944 A CNA2006800553944 A CN A2006800553944A CN 200680055394 A CN200680055394 A CN 200680055394A CN 101500743 A CN101500743 A CN 101500743A
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Abstract
A friction welded part, and method of friction welding, realizing design facilitation. There is provided friction welded part (1) comprising aluminum alloy made first member (10) with uniform section portion (11) having no sectional change and, friction welded thereto, aluminum alloy made second member (20) with uniform section portion (21) having no sectional change. The uniform section portions (11,21) are friction welded to each other, and heat affected part (H) occurring due to the friction welding appears in the uniform section portions (11,21) only. Desirably, each of the uniform section portion (11) of the first member (10) and the uniform section portion (21) of the second member (20) is cylindrical and the sectional dimensions thereof are equal to each other.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to friction welded part and friction welded method.
Background technology
In hanging the bar-like member (below be called sprung parts) of (suspension), formations such as upper connecting rod, lower link, torsion bar use ferrous materials, but viewpoint from the vehicle lightness, in recent years, the aluminum alloy materials that use more, for example, in Japanese kokai publication hei 11-156562 communique, the sprung parts that the end component by the friction welded aluminium alloy system in two ends that constitutes at the tubular part by aluminium alloy system forms is disclosed.
In addition and since friction welded for solid phase engage a kind of, so can not produce the existing defective of melting welding, do not need MIG welding or the such special expertise of TIG welding, also can weld various members with certain quality, therefore, obtain use in multiple field.
If carry out friction welded, frictional heat during then owing to crimping, form intensity, heat affected zone (HAZ portion=HeatAffected Zone) that material is different with mother metal at joint interface periphery inevitably, if this heat affected zone arrives the changes of section portion (position that cross sectional shape changes) that is easy to generate concentrated stress, then the design of sprung parts becomes numerous and diverse.That is, if heat affected zone arrives changes of section portion, then must consider the Strength Changes that STRESS VARIATION that changes of section causes and heat affecting cause, the design of sprung parts becomes numerous and diverse.
In addition, be not limited to the sprung parts that forms by friction welded tubular element and terminal link, in the friction welded part that forms by friction welded first member and second member, have the problems referred to above too.
Summary of the invention
Based on above-mentioned viewpoint, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of friction welded part that is easy to design and friction welded method.
In order to address the above problem, the friction welded part that the present invention relates to, form by friction welded aluminium alloy system second member that has aluminium alloy system first member of cross section indeclinable uiform section portion and have a cross section indeclinable uiform section portion, it is characterized in that, above-mentioned uiform section portion is each other by friction welded, and, only form heat affected zone by friction welded generation in above-mentioned uiform section portion.In addition, the present invention is used for above-mentioned common friction welded part, is particularly useful for the suspension rod sprung partses such as (suspension rod) of automobile.
In a word, value of the present invention is, on the first friction welded member and second member uiform section portion is set respectively, and does not arrive uiform section portion position in addition by the heat affected zone of friction welded formation.So,, therefore,, also be easy to design even in first member or second member, have changes of section portion owing to only produce the Strength Changes that causes by heat affecting in uiform section portion.That is,, when then designing the changes of section portion of friction welded part, do not need to consider the Strength Changes that causes by heat affecting therefore, to be easy to design if according to the friction welded part that the present invention relates to.
In addition, be respectively under the situation cylindraceous in the above-mentioned uiform section portion of the above-mentioned uiform section portion of above-mentioned first member and above-mentioned second member, the cross sectional shape of preferred two uiform section portions is identical.If it is cylindric that uiform section portion is formed, then carry out each other when friction welded in equal cross section portion, go up the oxide scale film that forms at the end face (interface) of uiform section portion and discharge with burr easily.In addition, if make the cross sectional shape of two uiform section portions identical, then the frictional heat that produces at joint interface is evenly transmitted in each uiform section portion, and therefore the intensity distributions left-right symmetry, is easy to design more.In addition, be easy to make the burr shape left and right sides identical, the result can simply set the friction welded condition of effective bonded area that can obtain the junction surface.
Present inventors recognize, when the uiform section portion of first member and the uiform section portion of second member are cylindric, and when sectional dimension was identical, if guarantee that the length of above-mentioned each uiform section portion after friction welded is more than the 5mm, then heat affected zone can not reach changes of section portion.That is, if the length of the uiform section portion after the friction welded above friction welded part that is 5mm, then during the change section of design section, do not need to consider the Strength Changes that causes by heat affecting therefore, to be easy to design.
Especially when uiform section portion be cylindric, when its thickness t is 2～5mm,, then more positively only form heat affected zone by friction welded generation in uiform section portion if the length of above-mentioned each uiform section portion after friction welded is more than the 5mm.
In addition, when the length of above-mentioned each the uiform section portion before friction welded is (6mm+t/2), shorten t/2 at least, thereby can make the length of the uiform section portion after friction welded is more than the 5mm by friction welded length with uiform section portion.So, only in uiform section portion, do not form heat affected zone, and do not exist in the oxide scale film that forms on the uiform section end surface at joint interface by friction welded generation, therefore, bond strength can not produce fluctuation.
In the present invention, form of first member and second member etc. is not particularly limited, when friction welded part is used as sprung partses such as suspension rods etc., can will utilize the terminal link of extrudate formation with the tubular extrusion section bar as above-mentioned first member as above-mentioned second member.The above-mentioned uiform section portion of preferred above-mentioned second member forms cylindric, and the length before friction welded is below the external diameter of these cross-section.In addition, by the part of above-mentioned extrudate being implemented machining and boring processing, can form the uiform section portion of second member.If the length of above-mentioned uiform section portion before friction welded of above-mentioned second member is less than or equal to its external diameter, then can prevent the elongated or expense increase of required time of machining or boring processing, in addition, because the volume of the aluminium alloy of removing reduces, therefore, can waste material.In other words, if the length of uiform section portion before friction welded of second member greater than external diameter, then elongated or expense increases required time of machining or boring processing, in addition because the volume of the aluminium alloy of removing increases, so waste material.
In order to address the above problem, the friction welded method that the present invention relates to, it is the method for friction welded first member and second member, wherein, above-mentioned first member is an aluminium alloy system, has thickness t in the scope of 2～5mm, length is (6mm+t/2) above cylindric uiform section portion, above-mentioned second member is an aluminium alloy system, has the identical cross sectional shape of above-mentioned uiform section portion with above-mentioned first member, and have length and be (6mm+t/2) above cylindric uiform section portion, above-mentioned friction welded method is characterised in that, comprise: Yi Bian above-mentioned first member and above-mentioned second member are relatively rotated, Yi Bian make the butt joint of above-mentioned uiform section portion and apply the friction process of friction pressure; With from beginning to stop to apply the compressing process of the upsetting force bigger in above-mentioned 0.5 second constantly in relative rotation than above-mentioned friction pressure, making total total allowance is more than the t, and to make the length of above-mentioned each the uiform section portion after friction welded be more than the 5mm.
As mentioned above, do not exist in the oxide scale film that the uiform section end surface forms not only at the heat affected zone of uiform section portion formation, and at joint interface, so bond strength can not produce fluctuation by friction welded generation.
Even for the friction welded method that the present invention relates to, form of first member and second member etc. also is not particularly limited, when the friction welded part that will obtain uses as sprung partses such as suspension rods etc., can will utilize the terminal link of extrudate formation with the tubular extrusion section bar as above-mentioned first member as above-mentioned second member.The above-mentioned uiform section portion of preferred above-mentioned second member is cylindric, and the length before friction welded is that these are below cross-section external diameter.In addition, by the part of above-mentioned extrudate being carried out machining and boring processing, can form the uiform section portion of second member.If the length of above-mentioned uiform section portion before friction welded of above-mentioned second member is less than or equal to its external diameter, then can prevent the elongated or expense increase of required time of machining or boring processing, in addition, owing to reduce by the volume of processing the aluminium alloy of removing, therefore, can waste material.
According to the friction welded part that the present invention relates to, it is easy that its design becomes.In addition, if according to the friction welded method that the present invention relates to, then can obtain the friction welded part that is easy to design.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 (a) is the sectional view of the friction welded part that relates to of expression embodiment of the present invention, (b) be expression before friction welded first member and the sectional view of second member.
Fig. 2 (a) is the amplification sectional view of expression through the periphery at friction welded position, (b) is the amplification sectional view of expression excision by the state behind the burr of friction welded generation.
Fig. 3 is the time diagram of the friction welded method that is used to illustrate that embodiment of the present invention relates to.
Fig. 4 (a) is that expression possesses first member of uiform section portion and do not possess the sectional view of second member of uiform section portion, (b) is the sectional view of representing the state behind first member shown in friction welded (a) and second member.
Fig. 5 (a) is that expression possesses first member of uiform section portion and do not possess the sectional view of second member of uiform section portion, (b) is the sectional view of representing the state behind first member shown in friction welded (a) and second member.
Fig. 6 (a)～(c) is the key diagram of the moulding order of expression second member.
Symbol description
1 friction welded part
10 first members
11 uiform section portions
20 second members
21 uiform section portions
The H heat affected zone
The J joint interface
The specific embodiment
With reference to accompanying drawing preferred forms of the present invention is elaborated.In addition, in following embodiment, be that situation as a kind of suspension rod of sprung parts is illustrated to friction welded part, but the meaning of the purposes of the unqualified friction welded part that the present invention relates to.
Shown in Fig. 1 (a), the friction welded part 1 that present embodiment relates to will form to the two ends as first member 10 of tubular element as second member 20,20 of terminal link is friction welded, is formed with heat affected zone H around the joint interface J of first member 10 and second member 20.
Shown in Fig. 1 (b), first member 10 is made of cylindrical aluminium alloy system extrudate, the uiform section portion 11 that possess body 12, forms respectively at these body 12 both ends.
Uiform section portion 11 before friction welded forms along the direction of extrusion does not have the cylindric of changes of section.Before friction welded, the thickness t of preferred uiform section portion 11 in the scope of 2～5mm, preferred length L
1More than (6mm+t/2).The external diameter of preferred uiform section portion 11 is in the scope as 20～28mm of the size of the sprung partses such as suspension rod that are best suited for automobile.In addition, shown in Fig. 1 (a), preferably after friction welded, joint interface J with and near the thickness t of uiform section portion 11 ' (with reference to Fig. 2 (a)) be more than 1.4 times of thickness t before friction welded, guarantees length L
1' be more than the 5mm.In addition, in the present embodiment, body 12 also forms cylindric that the cross section does not change along the direction of extrusion, and cross sectional shape is identical with uiform section portion 11.
Shown in Fig. 1 (b), the uiform section portion 21 before friction welded is not for there being the cylindric of changes of section, and, form the cross sectional shape identical with the uiform section portion 11 of first member 10.The length L of the uiform section portion 21 before preferred friction welded
2For (6mm+t/2) with below the top external diameter.In addition, shown in Fig. 2 (a), preferably after friction welded, the uiform section portion 21 at joint interface J place, with and near thickness t ' be more than 1.4 times of thickness t before friction welded, preferred length L
2' be more than the 5mm.In addition, even under the different situation of the uiform section portion 11 of the cross sectional shape (thickness, external diameter, internal diameter) that makes the uiform section portion 21 before friction welded and first member 10, the thickness t of the uiform section portion 21 before also preferred friction welded is in the scope of 2～5mm, preferably after friction welded, the thickness t of joint interface J and near uiform section portion 21 thereof ' be more than 1.4 times of thickness t before friction welded.
Shown in Fig. 6 (a), will cut out along the aluminium alloy system extrudate 200 of the more microscler one-tenth of the direction of extrusion and it be processed after the given size and form second member (terminal link) 20.In addition, uiform section portion 21 formation prism-shaped owing to second member 20 that cuts out from extrudate 200, so pass through to its machining, uiform section portion 21 is formed cylindric (with reference to Fig. 6 (b)), in addition, by processing that cylindric uiform section portion 21 is holed, uiform section portion 21 is formed with round-ended cylinder shape (with reference to Fig. 6 (c)).In addition, can certainly after boring processing, carry out machining.
Heat affected zone H is for forming the intensity position different with mother metal with material by the thermo-lag that is caused by frictional heat, for example when the 6000 class aluminium alloys (Al-Mg-Si class alloy) of JIS specification friction welded, this heat affected zone H is equivalent to temperature and is elevated to more than 300 degree, and intensity is less than strength of parent and can't reach the position of prescribed strength.Heat affected zone H only forms in uiform section portion 11,21, does not reach changes of section portion 22.In addition, when first member 10 and second member 20 by heat treatment type alloy (2000 class aluminium alloys of JIS specification (Al-Cu-Mg class alloy), 6000 class aluminium alloys of JIS specification (Al-Mg-Si class alloy), when 7000 class aluminium alloys of JIS specification (Al-Zn-Mg class alloy)) forming, the intensity of heat affected zone H is less than mother metal, when this first member 10 and this second member 20 by non-heat treatment type alloy (the 1000 class aluminium alloys (fine aluminium class) of JIS specification, 3000 class aluminium alloys of JIS specification (Al-Mn class alloy), when the 5000 class aluminium alloys (Al-Mg alloy) of JIS specification) forming, the intensity of this heat affected zone H is greater than mother metal.
Joint interface J is the interface of uiform section portion 11,12.Joint interface J area is more than or equal to 1.4 times of end face 11a, the 21a area before friction welded of uiform section portion 11,21.In addition, when the area of end face 11a, 21a not simultaneously, joint interface J area gets final product more than or equal to 1.4 times of the little side's of area area.
In addition, the kind of aluminium alloy is not special to be limited, under the situation that friction welded part 1 is used as sprung parts, the Al-Mg-Si class alloy of preferably having implemented the T6 processing (is 6000 class aluminium alloys of JIS specification, after carrying out solution treatment, carry out Quenching Treatment, carry out the aluminium alloy that artificial aging is handled afterwards).Particularly, if implemented the Al-Mg-Si class alloy (the aluminium alloy 6061-T6 of JIS specification) that T6 handles, because intensity height (0.2% proof stress is more than the 245MPa), durability (stress corrosion damage type and weatherability etc.) are also high, so be more preferably.
Then, with reference to Fig. 1～Fig. 3 the method (that is the manufacture method of friction welded part 1) of friction welded first member 10 and second member 20 is elaborated.In addition, when supposing that a bonding station in the manufacturing process is 1 place (, 1 second member 20 is friction welded to first member 10 time), following friction total allowance is that x, upset total allowance are that y, total total allowance are z, therefore, with two second members 20,20 simultaneously friction welded to first member 10 time (, when the bonding station in 1 manufacturing process is 2 places), friction total allowance x ', upset total allowance y ' and total total allowance z ' are respectively 2x, 2y, 2z.
The friction welded method that present embodiment relates to comprises set-up procedure, friction process and compressing process.
In set-up procedure, clip with not shown friction welded device keeps first member 10, and keep second member 20 with the anchor clamps on the not shown friction welded device main shaft, make the central axis of its uiform section portion 21 coaxial with uiform section portion 11 central axis of first member 10.
In friction process, first member 10 and second member 20 are relatively rotated on one side, second member 20 is advanced on one side towards first member 10, the end face 11a (with reference to Fig. 1 (b)) of the uiform section portion 11 of first member 10 is docked with the 21 end face 21a of uiform section portion (with reference to Fig. 1 (b)) of second member 20, (that is the end face 21a of the end face 11a of uiform section portion 11 and uiform section portion 21) applies friction pressure P to interface
1If exert pressure, then around interface, form the softening portion softer than mother metal by frictional heat while uiform section portion 11,21 is relatively rotated to interface.In addition, if the flowability of softening portion strengthens, then softening portion is become overlap to the inside and outside extruding of uiform section portion 11,21, and consequently, near the thickness the joint interface J increases (with reference to Fig. 2 (a)).In addition, being present in oxide scale film on end face 11a, the 21a of the uiform section portion 11,21 before friction welded or attachment etc. together discharges with burr.
As shown in Figure 3, relative rotation number (rotation number of main shaft) is from making the time point (moment T of first member 10 and 20 butt joints of second member
0) relative addendum modification (advance amount of main shaft) reach the moment T of friction total allowance x
1Till keep certain, begin afterwards to reduce.Friction pressure P
1At least in the time of docking first member 10 and second member 20, maintenance relative speed N, keep certain.In addition, in the present embodiment, after beginning to stop rotation relatively, (promptly reach after the friction total allowance x) to moment T
2Till apply friction pressure P to interface
1
The temperature of interface rises to the time of friction welded needed temperature, and the rotation number of main shaft (the relative rotation number of first member 10 and second member 20) is more little, in addition, and friction pressure P
1More little (be in the friction process total allowance formation speed little), this time is long more, if but spended time heats up interface, then because frictional heat is diffused into each mother metal side from interface, so not only the ratio of the frictional heat of utilizing in friction welded reduces, and the scope of heat affected zone H increases.From this point of view, be suitable for preferred rotation number and be set in more than per minute 1000 rotations main shaft, and with friction pressure P
1Be set in more than the 15MPa.In addition, as friction pressure P
1Surpass 40MPa, have possibility, so preferably set below 40MPa by revolving force screw chasing uiform section portion 11,21 etc.In addition, if with the thickness setting of the uiform section portion 21 of the uiform section portion 11 of first member 10 and second member 20 in the scope of 2～5mm, then the rotation number of main shaft is set in per minute 1800 right side of turning left, if with friction pressure P
1Be set in about 30MPa, the Temperature Distribution of the interface after then heating up is stable, and the scope of heat affected zone H is dwindled.
Total allowance formation speed in the friction process is by relative speed N and friction pressure P
1Determine.Relative speed N is set at more than per minute 1000 commentaries on classics, with friction pressure P
1Be set at 15～40MPa, the general speed that then rubs is 2.5～8.0mm/ second.
Preferred friction total allowance x is more than the thickness t of uiform section portion 11,21.Under the friction situation of total allowance x, just finish the possibility of crimping under the state that has the oxide scale film of end face 11a, the 21a (with reference to Fig. 1 (b)) that are present in uiform section portion 11,21 and attachment etc. not to be discharged fully less than t.If remaining oxide scale film on engagement section J then has the possibility of tensile strength deficiency.In addition, if friction total allowance x surpasses 2t,, become superfluous to the heat input of first member 10 and second member 20 then because the caused heating of friction is many, so above overlap need to take place by the softening of material in existence, or the extensive possibility that enlarges of heat affected zone H.In addition, be in the scope of 2～5mm in the uiform section portion 11 of first member 10 and uiform section portion 21 thickness of second member 20, in the present embodiment, friction total allowance x can be set at about 1.5t.
Compressing process is to apply upsetting force P
2Process.In the present embodiment, from beginning to stop counterrotating moment T
1(promptly reaching the time point of friction total allowance) rotates the moment T of vanishing afterwards and relatively
3Moment T before
2The pressure that makes interface is to upsetting force P
2Beginning increases.If pressure reaches upsetting force P
2, then it is kept stipulated time and crimping uiform section portion 11,21.In addition, because the high material of thermal conductivity factor of aluminium alloy etc., the temperature of comparing parts with iron type materials is easy to reduce, so work as from beginning to stop counterrotating moment T
1To arriving upsetting force P
2Time (be T
4-T
1) when long, exist owing to be accompanied by the contraction that rapid temperature reduces to produce the gap at the junction surface, air enters the possibility that this gap forms oxide scale film.From this point of view, preferably from the counterrotating time point that begins to stop first member 10 and second member 20 (T constantly
1) rise in 0.5 second, apply the upsetting force P that predesignates
2
If apply upsetting force P
2, continuing friction process, the softening portion that forms in friction process is by the inside and outside extruding to uiform section portion 11,21, and the result forms the joint interface J that does not have oxide scale film etc.If to the softening portion of the inside and outside extruding of uiform section portion 11,21, then the area of joint interface J increases to more than 1.4 times of area of end face 11a, the 21a of the uiform section portion 11,21 before friction welded.
Though upsetting force P
2Than friction pressure P
1Get final product greatly, if but less than 50MPa, then existence is accompanied by the thermal contraction of temperature reduction and produces the gap at component interface, and air enters the possibility that this gap forms oxide scale film, so preferably be made as more than the 50MPa.In addition, if upsetting force P
2Greater than 200MPa, then not only need large-scale friction welded device, and have the possibility of buckling or being out of shape that mother metal takes place, therefore preferably be made as below the 200MPa.In addition, be located at thickness under the situation of scope of 2～5mm the uiform section portion 21 of the uiform section portion 11 of first member 10 and second member 20, in the present embodiment, if with upsetting force P
2Be set at about 110MPa, then oxide scale film etc. is positively discharged, so can form the high junction surface of tensile strength.
In addition, as friction total allowance x during less than thickness t, by increasing upsetting force P
2, can increase upset total allowance y, the total total allowance z of summation that makes friction total allowance x and upset total allowance y is more than or equal to thickness t.Promptly, when the total allowance x that will rub is set at less than thickness t, preferably upset total allowance y is set at more than or equal to t-x, make total total allowance z (=x+y) more than or equal to the thickness t of uiform section portion 11,21, dwindle the length of uiform section portion 11,21, make it respectively more than or equal to t/2.In addition, if, then being present in oxide scale film on end face 11a, the 21a of uiform section portion 11,21 etc. less than the thickness t of uiform section portion 11,21, total total allowance z may remain among the joint interface J.In addition, present inventors recognize, when the uiform section portion 21 of the uiform section portion 11 of first member 10 and second member 20 forms cylindric, and when sectional dimension is identical, if guarantee that the length of the uiform section portion 11,21 after friction welded is more than the 5mm, then to arrive the possibility of changes of section portion 22 very little for heat affected zone H.Therefore, preferably set total total allowance z, make that the length of the uiform section portion 11,21 after friction welded is more than the 5mm.
In addition, shown in Fig. 2 (b), after compressing process is finished, as required, can excise the burr that form at the junction surface outer circumferential side, make the junction surface level and smooth, even but preferably behind the excision burr, also make joint interface J area 1.4 times more than or equal to end face 11a, the 21a area before friction welded of uiform section portion 11,21.
For by implementing the friction welded part 1 that above-mentioned friction welded method obtains, owing to guarantee that the length of uiform section portion 11,21 after friction welded is more than the 5mm, therefore, only form by friction welded and heat affected zone H that produce in uiform section portion 11,21.That is, heat affected zone H can not reach uiform section portion 11,21 position in addition.If according to above-mentioned friction welded part 1, then only produce the Strength Changes that causes by heat affecting in uiform section portion 11,21.That is,, then when the change section 22 of design section, do not need to consider the Strength Changes that causes because of heat affecting therefore to be easy to design if according to this friction welded part 1.In addition, the length of at least one in the uiform section portion 11,21 after friction welded becomes inhomogeneous by the softening field of frictional heat during less than 5mm in uiform section portion 11,21, therefore, also inhomogeneous in the discharge rate of uiform section portion 11,21 place's burr.
In addition, shown in Fig. 4 (a) of side that expression only forms junction surface cylindraceous, at friction welded first member 10 with uiform section portion 11, under near the situation of second member 20 ' (second member 20 ' that does not possess uiform section portion) that increases gradually of the sectional area end face 21a ', in the more frictional heat of second member, 20 ' one side transmission (diffusion), therefore, shown in Fig. 4 (b), the discharge rate of the burr that produce in second member, 20 ' one side is lacked than the discharge rate at the burr of first member, 10 1 sides generation, according to circumstances, may be at the remaining oxide scale film F of joint interface.That is, joint efficiency may reduce.If increase the discharge rate of the burr of second member, 20 ' one side generation, then can eliminate oxide scale film, but in this case,, therefore, cause yield rate to worsen because the discharge rate of the burr that first member, 10 1 sides produce increases.Relative therewith, also be provided with in the present embodiment of uiform section portion 21 at second member 20, the discharge rate of the burr that produce in second member, 20 1 sides and discharge rate identical (with reference to Fig. 1 (a)) at the burr of first member, 10 1 sides generation, therefore, be difficult to remaining oxide scale film on joint interface J, in addition, it is just right that the discharge rate of burr also becomes, thereby it is good that yield rate also becomes.
In addition, in the present embodiment, on first member 10 and second member 20, form the constant uiform section portion 11,21 of sectional area respectively, therefore, in friction welded uiform section portion 11,21 o'clock, discharge identical shaped burr from two members 10,20, be present in oxide scale film on end face 11a, the 21a of uiform section portion 11,21 etc. and discharge with burr easily.In addition, because the cross sectional shape of uiform section long-pending 11,21 is identical, therefore, evenly transmitted in uiform section portion 11,21 by the frictional heat that interface produces, therefore the intensity distributions left-right symmetry, is easy to design more.In addition, becoming is easy to make the shape left and right sides of burr identical, and the result is easy to set the friction welded condition of effective bonding area that can obtain the junction surface.
In addition, shown in Fig. 5 (a), if make uiform section portion 21 " end face 21a " sectional area is greater than the end face 11a sectional area of uiform section portion 11, then by second member 20 " transmit (diffusion) more frictional heat; therefore, shown in Fig. 5 (b), at second member 20 " discharge rate of the burr that produce of a side is less than the discharge rate at the burr of first member, 10 1 sides generation, according to circumstances, may be at the residual oxide scale film F of joint interface.That is, may reduce joint efficiency.If increase second member 20 " discharge rate of the burr that produce of a side, then can eliminate oxide scale film, but at this moment, because the discharge rate of the burr that first member, 10 1 sides produce increases, therefore, the yield rate deterioration that becomes.Relative therewith, in the identical present embodiment of uiform section portion 11,21 cross sectional shapes, the discharge rate of the burr that produce in second member, 20 1 sides and discharge rate identical (with reference to Fig. 1 (a)) at the burr of first member, one side generation, therefore, be difficult to remaining oxide scale film in joint interface J, in addition, it is just right that the discharge rate of burr also becomes, therefore, yield rate also becomes good.
In addition, though the intensity of the heat treatment type aluminium alloy in the heat affected zone is lower than mother metal, the intensity at joint interface J place is minimum.Near 0.2% proof stress the joint interface J reduces, about 0.7 times (=1/1.4) for 0.2% proof stress of mother metal, but owing to increased the area of joint interface J, make its 1.4 times more than or equal to end face 11a, the 21a area before friction welded of uiform section portion 11,21, therefore, near the joint interface J yield load is identical with the mother metal part that is not subjected to heat affecting, and near the yield load the position K that thickness begins to increase is less than or equal to above-mentioned yield load.Therefore, needless to say because the heat affecting when friction welded, near the intensity the joint interface J becomes than the intensity height of mother metal, even under becoming than the low situation of the intensity of mother metal, also can not become weakness (reduction design standard) near the joint interface J.Promptly, the friction welded part 1 that relates to for present embodiment, do not need near the intensity the joint interface J is set as design standard the thickness of uiform section portion 11,21, can set the thickness of uiform section portion 11,21 according to the intensity of the heat affected zone H beyond the joint interface J near, therefore, do not need to make the thickness of uiform section portion 11,21 more than or equal to desired thickness.That is, friction welded part 1 is lightened.
In addition, in the present embodiment, make the length L of uiform section portion 21 before friction welded of second member 20
2Therefore the external diameter that is less than or equal to uiform section portion 21, can prevent the elongated or expense increase of required time of machining or boring processing, in addition, owing to reduce by the volume of processing the aluminium alloy of removing, therefore, can waste material.
In addition, first member 10 and second member 20 need not be extrudates, can be casting product (comprising die casting) yet.By the way, when using first member 10 that forms by the casting product and second member 20 to constitute sprung parts, preferably use AC4C class alloy or ADC3 class alloy.
(embodiment)
1. the scope of heat affected zone
The scope of the heat affected zone H that forms when investigating friction welded first member 10 and second member 20 is that purpose is tested.First framework 10 that uses in friction welded and second member 20 (carry out Quenching Treatment for carrying out the T6 processing after solution treatment, carrying out artificial aging then handles) and modified Al-Mg-Si class alloy (6061 aluminium alloys of JIS specification), two members are all formed by extrudate.In addition, cut off the tubular extrusion section bar and form first member 10, and after cutting off extrudate, implement machining, form second member 20.In addition, in experiment, the uiform section portion 21 of the uiform section portion 11 of first member 10 and second member 20 forms cylindric, and sectional dimension is identical.By the way, guarantee the length L of uiform section portion 11,21
1, L
2More than or equal to 10mm.
The scope of specification, friction welded condition and the heat affected zone H of table 1 expression uiform section portion 11,21.In the present embodiment, judge field that Vickers hardness is less than or equal to 100 (Hv) for because heat affecting does not reach the part (heat affected zone H) of the prescribed strength of mother metal.In addition, no matter in which kind of situation, the relative speed N that sets in the friction process is 1800 rev/mins, friction pressure P
1Be 30MPa, upsetting force P
2Be 100MPa.
[table 1]
As shown in table 1, be cylindric in the uiform section portion 11 of first member 10 and the uiform section portion 21 of second member 20, and sectional dimension is when identical, the scope of heat affected zone H is less than 5mm.That is, if guarantee that the length of uiform section portion 11,21 after friction welded is more than the 5mm, it is minimum that then heat affected zone H reaches the possibility of body 12 or changes of section portion 22.In addition, the situation beyond the No.1-3, total total allowance z is greater than thickness t, and in the table 1 not record be to obtain enough big bond strength (more than the 55kN).On the other hand, total total allowance z less than the bond strength among the No.1-3 of thickness t (3mm) (43kN) less than other situations.Its reason is, because the discharge rate of burr is little, therefore, can not fully discharge the oxide scale film on the end face 11a, embeds oxide scale film in joint interface J.
2. the relation of the quality at junction surface and friction welded condition
Is that purpose is tested with the difference of investigating friction welded condition to the influence of junction surface quality.In the present embodiment, investigate friction welded back, have at the outer peripheral face at junction surface and inner peripheral surface seamless, thereby, judge whether the quality at junction surface high.In addition, first member 10 that uses in friction welded and second member 20 (carry out Quenching Treatment for carrying out the T6 processing after solution treatment, carrying out artificial aging then handles) and modified Al-Mg-Si class alloy (6061 aluminium alloys of JIS specification), two members are all formed by extrudate.In addition, cut off the tubular extrusion section bar and form first member 10, and cut off after the extrudate, carry out machining, form second member 20.
It is the cylindric of 3mm that uiform section portion 11,21 forms thickness, and its internal diameter is 16mm, and external diameter is 22mm.
Table 2 expression upsetting force P
2Relation with the slit at junction surface.In addition, " T " in the table 2 for from begin to stop to relatively rotate, to the time that applies till the upsetting force.
[table 2]
Shown in the No.2-2～2-6 of table 2, if upsetting force P
2Greater than friction pressure P
1, and, then can in the junction surface, not produce the slit more than or equal to 50MPa, can obtain high-quality joint product.
The relation in table 3 expression time T and the slit at junction surface, wherein, this time T is when beginning to stop to relatively rotate, to applying upsetting force P
2Till time.
[table 3]
As shown in table 3, no matter verified friction pressure P
1Be 15MPa, or 30MPa, from begin to stop operating, to applying upsetting force P
2Till time T all be in 0.45 second, then can in the junction surface, not produce the slit, can keep desirable engagement state.In addition, though from begin to stop operating, to applying upsetting force P
2Till time T be 0.50 second, as friction pressure P
1During for 15MPa (No.3-6), can in the junction surface, not produce the slit, even as friction pressure P yet
1During for 30MPa (No.3-5), can not produce the slit yet, therefore, can obtain comparatively ideal engagement state at inner peripheral surface.In addition, if excision at the burr (with reference to Fig. 2 (b)) that the junction surface outer circumferential side forms, then can be eliminated the slit that produces at the junction surface outer peripheral face.As mentioned above, from beginning to stop first member 10 and second member 20 in 0.50 second when relatively rotating, it is desirable to more 0.45 second with the interior upsetting force P that applies
2, then can obtain desirable engagement state.
Claims (8)
1. friction welded part, it forms by friction welded aluminium alloy system second member that has aluminium alloy system first member of cross section indeclinable uiform section portion and have a cross section indeclinable uiform section portion, it is characterized in that:
Described uiform section portion is each other by friction welded, and, only form heat affected zone by friction welded generation in described uiform section portion.
2. friction welded part as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:
The described uiform section portion of the described uiform section portion of described first member and described second member is cylindric respectively, and sectional dimension is identical.
3. friction welded part as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that:
The length of described each the uiform section portion after friction welded is more than the 5mm.
4. friction welded part as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that:
The thickness t of described each uiform section portion in the scope of 2～5mm,
The length of described each the uiform section portion after friction welded is more than the 5mm.
5. friction welded part as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that:
The length of described each the uiform section portion before friction welded is more than (6mm+t/2).
6. as each described friction welded part in the claim 1～5, it is characterized in that:
Described first member is made of the tubular extrusion section bar,
Described second member is made of the terminal link that utilizes extrudate to form,
The described uiform section portion of described second member is by implementing machining to the part of described extrudate and boring processing forms, and is cylindric, and the length before friction welded is below the external diameter.
7. friction welded method, it is the method for friction welded first member and second member, wherein, described first member is an aluminium alloy system, have thickness t in the scope of 2～5mm, length is the cylindric uiform section portion (6mm+t/2) more than, described second member is an aluminium alloy system, has the cross sectional shape identical with the described uiform section portion of described first member and have length to be the cylindric uiform section portion more than (6mm+t/2), described friction welded method is characterised in that, comprising:
On one side described first member and described second member are relatively rotated, make described uiform section portion dock and apply the friction process of friction pressure on one side; With
Apply the compressing process of the upsetting force bigger from beginning to stop in described 0.5 second constantly in relative rotation than described friction pressure,
Making total total allowance is more than the t, and to make the length of described each the uiform section portion after friction welded be more than the 5mm.
8. friction welded method as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that:
Described first member is made of the tubular extrusion section bar,
Described second member is made of the terminal link that utilizes extrudate to form,
The described uiform section portion of described second member forms by the part of described extrudate is implemented machining, and is cylindric, and the length before friction welded is below the external diameter.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2006800553944A CN101500743A (en) | 2006-07-19 | 2006-07-19 | Friction welded part and method of friction welding |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2006800553944A CN101500743A (en) | 2006-07-19 | 2006-07-19 | Friction welded part and method of friction welding |
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| CN101500743A true CN101500743A (en) | 2009-08-05 |
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| CNA2006800553944A Pending CN101500743A (en) | 2006-07-19 | 2006-07-19 | Friction welded part and method of friction welding |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103537791A (en) * | 2012-07-12 | 2014-01-29 | 日立汽车系统九州株式会社 | Aluminum Alloy Propeller Shaft and Friction Welding Process Thereof |
| CN103889637A (en) * | 2011-10-21 | 2014-06-25 | 日本轻金属株式会社 | Method for manufacturing lidded container and joining method |
| CN105189015A (en) * | 2013-05-09 | 2015-12-23 | 日本轻金属株式会社 | Member joining method |
| CN108973567A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2018-12-11 | 北京航大新材科技有限公司 | The split type I type distance rod of aluminium alloy and its preparation process and agitating friction are welded method of completing the square |
| CN109109591A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2019-01-01 | 青岛航大新材料技术有限公司 | The split type V-type distance rod of aluminium alloy and its preparation process and agitating friction are welded method of completing the square |
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2006
- 2006-07-19 CN CNA2006800553944A patent/CN101500743A/en active Pending
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103889637A (en) * | 2011-10-21 | 2014-06-25 | 日本轻金属株式会社 | Method for manufacturing lidded container and joining method |
| CN103889637B (en) * | 2011-10-21 | 2016-03-02 | 日本轻金属株式会社 | The manufacture method of lidded container |
| CN103537791A (en) * | 2012-07-12 | 2014-01-29 | 日立汽车系统九州株式会社 | Aluminum Alloy Propeller Shaft and Friction Welding Process Thereof |
| CN103537791B (en) * | 2012-07-12 | 2016-06-15 | 日立汽车系统九州株式会社 | The friction welded method of aluminium alloy power transmission shaft |
| CN105189015A (en) * | 2013-05-09 | 2015-12-23 | 日本轻金属株式会社 | Member joining method |
| CN105189015B (en) * | 2013-05-09 | 2018-08-28 | 日本轻金属株式会社 | The joint method of component |
| CN108973567A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2018-12-11 | 北京航大新材科技有限公司 | The split type I type distance rod of aluminium alloy and its preparation process and agitating friction are welded method of completing the square |
| CN109109591A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2019-01-01 | 青岛航大新材料技术有限公司 | The split type V-type distance rod of aluminium alloy and its preparation process and agitating friction are welded method of completing the square |
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Application publication date: 20090805 |