CN101499673B - Multifunctional integrated charger for electric automobile having compensation charging function - Google Patents
Multifunctional integrated charger for electric automobile having compensation charging function Download PDFInfo
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- CN101499673B CN101499673B CN2009100679882A CN200910067988A CN101499673B CN 101499673 B CN101499673 B CN 101499673B CN 2009100679882 A CN2009100679882 A CN 2009100679882A CN 200910067988 A CN200910067988 A CN 200910067988A CN 101499673 B CN101499673 B CN 101499673B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of charging technology of an electric automobile and relates to a multifunctional integrated charging machine which is used for the electric automobile and has a compensation charging function. The multifunctional integrated charging machine comprises a rectifier bridge, an inverter charging circuit, a control circuit, a contactor group, a power battery, an auxiliary battery, a brake feedback energy detection circuit, a power battery energy detection circuit and an auxiliary battery energy detection circuit; the output terminal of the rectifier bridge is connected with the inverter charging circuit which comprises a capacitance filter circuit, an IGBT inverter bridge with the duty cycle controlled by the control circuit, a high-frequency transformer and a rectifier filter circuit; different charging modes are changed by controlling the contactor group. The multifunctional integrated charging machine highly integrates four charging functions including compensation charging and the like into a charging machine, improves the integrity of the charging machine and leads the electric automobile to recover more brake energy.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the charging electric vehicle technical field, relate to a kind of multifunctional integrated charger with compensating charge.
Technical background
The normal charge of electric automobile mainly comprises following three aspects:
1. in the stopping for charging process, giving power battery charging (being called for short " power recharge ") from AC network, is purpose with the energy that replenishes electrokinetic cell;
2. in braking procedure, braking energy feedback is given power battery charging (being called for short " feedback charging "), and improving capacity usage ratio with the braking energy that reclaims vehicle is purpose;
3. in the process of moving, electrokinetic cell is given boosting battery floating charge (hereinafter to be referred as " floating charge "), is that low-voltage power supply is provided is purpose to vehicle to keep the boosting battery energy and to cooperate boosting battery.
Fig. 1 is a normal charge basic principle block diagram.Comprise electrokinetic cell, electric machine controller, drive motors, charger, DC/DC module (DC module), boosting battery, high voltage dc bus, three-phase alternating current bus, AC network, electric wire, low-voltage direct bus among Fig. 1.Electrokinetic cell, charger, electric machine controller and DC/DC module link by high voltage dc bus, electric machine controller and drive motors link by the three-phase alternating current bus, AC network and charger (vehicle-mounted charge machine or ground charger or ground charging station) link by electric wire 10, and DC/DC module and boosting battery link by the low-voltage direct bus.
Charger among Fig. 1 has the mapping function of " AC/DC (ac/dc) ".The alternating current of AC network enters charger through electric wire 10, and charger is transformed into high voltage direct current with alternating current, carries out the high voltage direct current charging through high voltage dc bus to electrokinetic cell again.This charger is a simple function equipment, only is responsible for the task of power recharge.
Drive motors among Fig. 1 is in generating state when electric vehicle braking, the electric energy that sends enters electric machine controller and is transformed into high voltage direct current through the three-phase alternating current bus, be that electrokinetic cell carries out the high voltage direct current charging through high voltage dc bus again, i.e. feedback charging.Electrokinetic cell reclaims braking energy can energy savings, improves rate of energy, prolongs the continual mileage of vehicle.
Boosting battery among Fig. 1 provides low-voltage power supply for vehicle, generally selects lead acid accumulator, and nominal voltage is 12V (being used for car or minicar) or 24V (being used for passenger vehicle).The high voltage direct current of electrokinetic cell enters the DC/DC module through high voltage dc bus, and the DC/DC module is transformed into low-voltage DC with high voltage direct current, charges to boosting battery through the low-voltage direct bus again.The operating voltage that the output of DC/DC module is constant, be generally 13.5V (being used for car or minicar) or 27V (being used for passenger vehicle), therefore can only be for boosting battery provide floating charge, make boosting battery be in full electricity all the time or near full power state, so boosting battery can not reclaim braking energy.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the above-mentioned deficiency of prior art, a kind of multifunctional integrated charger with compensating charge is provided.This charger is integrated in four kinds of charge function height such as compensating charge in the charger, has improved the integrated level of charger, makes electric automobile can reclaim more braking energy.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of multifunctional integrated charger that is used for electric automobile with compensating charge, comprise rectifier bridge, the inversion charging circuit, control circuit, the contactor group, electrokinetic cell and boosting battery and feedback braking energy measuring, electrokinetic cell energy measuring and boosting battery energy measuring circuit, the output of described rectifier bridge links to each other with the inversion charging circuit, described inversion charging circuit comprises capacitor filter, the IGBT inverter bridge of the controlled circuit control of duty ratio, the high frequency transformer and high-voltage rectifying filter circuit and the lower pressure rectifier filter circuit that have high pressure and two kinds of outputs of low pressure, the direct current of capacitor filter output is carried in the input of described IGBT inverter bridge, two outputs of described IGBT inverter bridge are connected on the primary coil of high frequency transformer, described high frequency transformer has three secondary coils, its first secondary coil is realized the high-frequency and high-voltage inversion, its the second and the 3rd secondary coil is realized the high frequency low voltage inversion, the break-make of the circuit that is connected successively between described first secondary coil and high-voltage rectifying filter circuit and the electrokinetic cell is controlled by the contactor group, the break-make of the circuit that is connected successively between described second secondary coil and lower pressure rectifier filter circuit and the boosting battery is controlled by the contactor group, and the break-make of the circuit that is connected successively between described the 3rd secondary coil and lower pressure rectifier filter circuit and the boosting battery is controlled by the contactor group; Described control circuit is when vehicle ', by control to the contactor group, make the two ends of electrokinetic cell be connected respectively to two inputs of inversion charging circuit, and charge to boosting battery after making second secondary coil become low-voltage DC through the lower pressure rectifier filter circuit, control circuit exists under the feedback braking energy situation detecting, detect and result of calculation according to electrokinetic cell and boosting battery dump energy, control the duty ratio of IGBT inverter bridge, compensate the startup and the control of charge mode; Control circuit exists under the feedback braking energy situation not detecting, and detects the boosting battery dump energy and cross when low, and the duty ratio of control IGBT inverter bridge is adjusted the startup and the control of charge mode; Described control circuit is when being electric vehicle charging by AC network, by control to the contactor group, give power battery charging after making first secondary coil become high voltage direct current through the high-voltage rectifying filter circuit, and boosting battery and inversion charging circuit are disconnected, realize the power recharge pattern that electrokinetic cell is charged; Described control circuit, monitoring the user when selecting the auxiliary charging pattern, electrokinetic cell and inversion charging circuit are disconnected, and charge to boosting battery after making the 3rd secondary coil become low-voltage DC through the lower pressure rectifier filter circuit, and after control circuit detects boosting battery charging and finishes, automatically switch into the charging that the power recharge pattern is proceeded electrokinetic cell.
Multifunctional integrated charger of the present invention includes the charging circuit and the integrated control method of realization " compensating charge ", " adjusting charging ", " auxiliary charging " and four kinds of charge functions such as " power recharge ", four kinds of charge modes that are integrated in the charger do not adopt circuit completely independent from one another, but by logic control to the structural design and the contactor group of high frequency transformer, the realization circuit switches, and the entire circuit structure has efficient multiplexing characteristics.Simultaneously four kinds of charge modes are also shared control circuit, except the contactor group switching control program of integrated four kinds of charge modes and comprehensive charge control method, the database of also integrated test foundation according to electrokinetic cell and boosting battery is shared by four kinds of charge modes in control circuit.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an electric automobile normal charge theory diagram;
Fig. 2 is an electric automobile compensating charge theory diagram;
Fig. 3 is a multifunctional all charging principle block diagram;
Fig. 4 is an inversion charging circuit structural representation under " compensating charge " pattern and " adjusting charging " pattern;
Fig. 5 is an inversion charging circuit structural representation under " power recharge " pattern;
Fig. 6 is an inversion charging circuit structural representation under " auxiliary charging " pattern.
Embodiment
Fig. 2 is the theory diagram of electric automobile compensating charge.Comprise electrokinetic cell, electric machine controller, drive motors, compensating charge module, boosting battery, high voltage dc bus, three-phase alternating current bus, low-voltage direct bus among Fig. 2.Electrokinetic cell, electric machine controller and compensating charge module link by high voltage dc bus, and electric machine controller links by three-phase alternating current bus and drive motors, and the compensating charge module links by low-voltage direct bus and boosting battery.
When electric vehicle braking, the electric energy that drive motors among Fig. 2 sends enters electric machine controller through the three-phase alternating current bus, and converts high voltage direct current to, is divided into two through high voltage dc bus again, a part enters electrokinetic cell, and another part enters the compensating charge module.The energy that enters electrokinetic cell is a power battery charging, is reclaimed by electrokinetic cell.The power conversion that enters the compensating charge module becomes low-voltage DC, and then is the boosting battery charging through the low-voltage direct bus, is reclaimed by boosting battery, realizes compensating charge.Arrow direction indication among Fig. 2 is represented the flow direction of feedback rechargeable energy.When not having braking energy feedback, the charge power that the compensating charge module is not exported charge power or reduced to export, the energy of boosting battery consumes by the low pressure electricity consumption of motor vehicle, when vehicle is braked once more, can reclaim braking energy again and be replenished, thus the benign cycle of formation " discharge-recovery-discharge again-reclaim again ".Boosting battery has realized that by the compensating charge module compensation electrokinetic cell reclaims the function of braking energy, can reclaim more braking energy, improves the energy utilization rate of electric automobile.
Comprise among Fig. 3 electrokinetic cell, electric machine controller, drive motors, multifunctional integrated charger, boosting battery, high voltage dc bus, three-phase alternating current bus, low-voltage direct bus, boosting battery detect wire harness and boosting battery testing circuit, electrokinetic cell detect wire harness and electrokinetic cell testing circuit, feedback braking detect wire harness with the feedback braking testing circuit, exchange the bundle of inputs and AC network.Electrokinetic cell, multifunctional integrated charger, electric machine controller link by high voltage dc bus, electric machine controller links by three-phase alternating current bus and drive motors, multifunctional integrated charger links by exchanging the bundle of inputs and AC network, and multifunctional integrated charger links by low-voltage direct bus and boosting battery.The boosting battery testing circuit detects wire harness by boosting battery and links with multifunctional integrated charger and boosting battery respectively, the electrokinetic cell testing circuit detects wire harness by electrokinetic cell and links with multifunctional integrated charger and electrokinetic cell respectively, and the feedback braking testing circuit detects wire harness by feedback braking and links with multifunctional integrated charger and high voltage dc bus respectively.
Multifunctional integrated charger among Fig. 3 includes a control circuit, a contactor group and an inversion charging circuit.Wherein control circuit includes the contactor group switching control program and the comprehensive charge control method of " compensating charge ", " adjusting charging ", " auxiliary charging " and four kinds of charge modes such as " power recharge ".Control circuit is realized the switching of four kinds of inversion charging circuits by corresponding contactor in the control contactor group.Control circuit provides charge control method for four kinds of charge functions, thereby realizes the switching and the control of four kinds of charge functions.
Battery is the different dump energy of correspondence under conditions such as different voltage, electric current and temperature, obtain the data of corresponding relation between voltage, electric current and temperature etc. and the battery remaining power by battery testing, and it is shared by four kinds of charge modes in control circuit to set up database storage.Control circuit detects voltage, electric current and the temperature etc. of battery and the dump energy that Query Database then can calculate boosting battery and electrokinetic cell in real time by testing circuit.
Battery is the different optimal charge power of correspondence when different dump energies, obtains the data of corresponding relation between dump energy and the optimal charge power by battery testing, and set up database storage in control circuit.Control circuit just can obtain the optimal charge power of electrokinetic cell and boosting battery according to the dump energy Query Database of battery.
Control circuit detects the size whether real-time detection of wire harness produces feedback braking energy and braking energy by feedback braking testing circuit and feedback braking, while compensates the startup and the control of charging according to the height of the dump energy of detected electrokinetic cell and boosting battery.
" compensating charge " pattern:
In Fig. 4, control circuit is contact JA1 and JA1-1 conducting, contact JA2 and the JA2-1 conducting of control contactor JA at first, the contact JB1 of control contactor JB and JB1-1 conducting, contact JB2 and JB2-1 conducting again, contact JC1 and JC1-1 conducting, contact JC2 and the JC2-1 conducting of last control contactor JC, boosting battery is connected with the low-voltage direct output of inversion charging circuit, electrokinetic cell then is connected with the high voltage direct current input end of inversion charging circuit, has realized compensating and adjusting charging circuit and has switched to current charging circuit.
In Fig. 4, the high voltage direct current of feedback braking enters the inversion charging circuit by the both positive and negative polarity of electrokinetic cell.This high voltage direct current at first by C1 and C2 filtering, passes through IGBT, N then
PAnd N
S2Be reverse into the high frequency low voltage alternating current, be filtered into low-voltage DC through D1 and D2 rectification and L2 and C8 again, switch to the boosting battery charging by JB, realization be the DC/DC conversion.
The energy when braking energy that boosting battery can reclaim equals boosting battery and is full of electricity and the difference of dump energy, this difference is a compensating charge power integration in time.Control circuit is compared compensating charge power with the actual charge power of boosting battery, if actual charge power＞compensating charge power, then reduce the duty ratio of IGBT, the real output of inversion charging circuit will reduce, if actual charge power＜compensating charge power, then increase the duty ratio of IGBT, the real output of inversion charging circuit will increase.Make boosting battery can compensate electrokinetic cell and reclaim more braking energies, improve capacity usage ratio, promptly realized compensating charge.
" adjust and charge " pattern:
" adjust charging " and use identical inversion charging circuit, see Fig. 4 with " compensating charge ".In Fig. 4, the high voltage direct current of electrokinetic cell by C1 and C2 filtering after, through IGBT, N
PAnd N
S2Be reverse into the high frequency low voltage alternating current, be filtered into low-voltage DC through D1 and D2 rectification and L2 and C8 again, switch to the boosting battery charging by JB, realization be the DC/DC conversion.
" adjust charging " pattern is mainly used in the occasion that does not have braking energy feedback, and for example drive motors is not in generating state during the electric automobile idling or in the driving process.In order under " compensating charge " pattern, to reclaim more braking energies, when not having braking energy feedback, thereby control circuit equals 0 output of turn-offing the inversion charging circuit by the duty ratio of control IGBT, makes the energy of boosting battery be reduced with electric consumption by the low pressure of motor vehicle.
The dump energy of boosting battery is crossed the low low pressure electricity consumption that can influence motor vehicle.Cross lowly and not enough when thinking that low-voltage power supply provides enough energy when the dump energy of boosting battery, control circuit just will start " adjusting charging " pattern, and it is the boosting battery charging that the energy conversion of electrokinetic cell is become low-voltage DC.Control circuit is by the power output of the duty ratio control inversion charging circuit of control IGBT, and the big more charge power of duty ratio is big more, and the more little charge power of duty ratio is more little, thereby realizes adjusting the purpose of boosting battery dump energy.
" power recharge " pattern:
In Fig. 5, control circuit is contact JA1 and JA1-0 conducting, contact JA2 and the JA2-0 conducting of control contactor JA at first, the contact JB1 of control contactor JB and JB1-0 conducting, contact JB2 and JB2-0 conducting again, make electrokinetic cell insert the inversion charging circuit, and boosting battery and inversion charging circuit disconnect, and have realized the power recharge circuit is switched to current charging circuit.
Among Fig. 5, alternating current enters the inversion charging circuit from AC-IN1 and AC-IN2, becomes high voltage direct current after B1 rectification and C1 and C2 filtering, passes through IGBT, N again
PAnd N
S1Be reverse into the high-frequency and high-voltage alternating current, be filtered into high voltage direct current through B2 rectification and L1 and C7 then, switch to power battery charging by JA, realization be the AC/DC conversion.
Control circuit is exported to the inversion charging circuit the actual charge power of electrokinetic cell and is compared with electrokinetic cell optimal charge power, when actual charge power＞optimal charge power, control circuit reduces the duty ratio of IGBT, when actual charge power＞optimal charge power, control circuit increases the duty ratio of IGBT, when electrokinetic cell was full of electricity, control circuit made the duty ratio of IGBT equal 0, turn-offed the inversion charging circuit and stopped charging.In the power battery charging process, actual charge power equals optimal charge power all the time, has realized the optimal charge control of electrokinetic cell.
" auxiliary charging " pattern:
In Fig. 6, control circuit is contact JA1 and JA1-0 conducting, contact JA2 and the JA2-0 conducting of control contactor JA at first, the contact JB1 of control contactor JB and JB1-1 conducting, contact JB2 and JB2-1 conducting again, last in the contact of control contactor JC JC1 and JC1-0 conducting, contact JC2 and JC2-0 conducting, make boosting battery insert the inversion charging circuit, and electrokinetic cell and inversion charging circuit disconnect, and have realized auxiliary charging circuit is switched to current charging circuit.
Among Fig. 6, alternating current enters the inversion charging circuit from AC-IN1 and AC-IN 2, becomes high voltage direct current after B1 rectification and C1 and C2 filtering, passes through IGBT, N again
PAnd N
S3Be reverse into the high frequency low voltage alternating current, be filtered into low-voltage DC through D1 and D2 rectification and L2 and C8 then, switch to the boosting battery charging by JB, realization be the AC/DC conversion.
" auxiliary charging " pattern is mainly used in the boosting battery overdischarge and can't starts the occasion of vehicle, perhaps electrokinetic cell energy shortage and can't adjust the occasion of charging.Control circuit is exported to the inversion charging circuit the actual charge power of boosting battery and is compared with the optimal charge power of boosting battery, when actual charge power＞optimal charge power, control circuit reduces the duty ratio of IGBT, when actual charge power＞optimal charge power, control circuit increases the duty ratio of IGBT, when boosting battery was full of electricity, control circuit made the duty ratio of IGBT equal 0, turn-offed the inversion charging circuit and stopped charging.In the boosting battery charging process, actual charge power equals optimal charge power all the time, has realized the optimal charge control of boosting battery.
The switching controls of four kinds of charge modes:
Four kinds of charging use occasions that charge mode is corresponding different respectively, only use " compensating charge " and " adjusting charging " two kinds of patterns in the process that motor vehicle travels, it is the occasion of electric vehicle charging that " power recharge " and " auxiliary charging " two kinds of patterns then are used for by AC network.
In the process that motor vehicle travels, whether control circuit produces the switching foundation of feedback braking energy as charge mode by monitor vehicle.Switch to " compensating charge " pattern when monitoring when producing the feedback braking energy, do not produce the feedback braking energy then switch to " adjusting charging " pattern if monitor, the switching of these two kinds of patterns is finished automatically by control system.
When being electric vehicle charging by AC network, motor vehicle remains static.After the user uses charging cable that the charge port of motor vehicle and AC network are connected and opens charge switch, multifunctional integrated charger will start immediately, control circuit at first is provided with charge mode and switches to " power recharge " pattern automatically, and " power recharge " pattern that is to say is the acquiescence charge mode under the grid charging condition.
Three kinds of charge modes of " auxiliary charging " pattern and other are different, selected by hand switch by the user.When monitoring the user, control circuit selected " auxiliary charging " pattern, will stop " power recharge " pattern immediately and switch to " auxiliary charging " pattern, and " power recharge " pattern that automatically switches into is proceeded power recharge after " auxiliary charging " process finishes.
Used device description among Fig. 4～Fig. 6:
AC-IN1～AC-IN 2: exchange input. B1～B2: rectifier bridge, BAT1: electrokinetic cell. BAT2: boosting battery. C1～C8: electric capacity. D1～D2: fast recovery diode. JA, JB, JC: contactor. JA1～JA2: the common of contactor A. JB1～JB2: the common of contactor B. JC1～JC2: the common of contactor C. JA1-0～JA2-0: the normally opened contact of contactor A. JA1-1～JA2-1: the normally-closed contact of contactor A. JB1-0～JB2-0: the normally opened contact of contactor B. JB1-1～JB2-1: the normally-closed contact of contactor B. JC1-0～JC2-0: the normally opened contact of contactor C. JC1-1～JC2-1: the normally-closed contact of contactor C. L1～L2: reactor. Q1～Q4: insulated gate twin-stage triode (IGBT). R1～R5: resistance. T1: high frequency transformer. NP: the high frequency transformer primary coil. NS1: high frequency transformer secondary coil 1. NS2: high frequency transformer secondary coil 2. NS3: high frequency transformer secondary coil 3.
Claims (1)
1. multifunctional integrated charger that is used for electric automobile with compensating charge, comprise rectifier bridge, the inversion charging circuit, control circuit, the contactor group, electrokinetic cell and boosting battery and feedback braking energy measuring, electrokinetic cell energy measuring and boosting battery energy measuring circuit, the output of described rectifier bridge links to each other with the inversion charging circuit, described inversion charging circuit comprises capacitor filter, the IGBT inverter bridge of the controlled circuit control of duty ratio, the high frequency transformer and high-voltage rectifying filter circuit and the lower pressure rectifier filter circuit that have high pressure and two kinds of outputs of low pressure, the direct current of capacitor filter output is carried in the input of described IGBT inverter bridge, two outputs of described IGBT inverter bridge are connected on the primary coil of high frequency transformer, described high frequency transformer has three secondary coils, its first secondary coil is realized the high-frequency and high-voltage inversion, its the second and the 3rd secondary coil is realized the high frequency low voltage inversion, the break-make of the circuit that is connected successively between described first secondary coil and high-voltage rectifying filter circuit and the electrokinetic cell is controlled by the first contactor group, the break-make of the circuit that is connected successively between described second secondary coil and lower pressure rectifier filter circuit and the boosting battery is controlled by the second contactor group, and the break-make of the circuit that is connected successively between described the 3rd secondary coil and lower pressure rectifier filter circuit and the boosting battery is controlled by the second contactor group; Described control circuit is when vehicle ', by control to the contactor group, make the two ends of electrokinetic cell be connected respectively to two inputs of inversion charging circuit, and charge to boosting battery after making second secondary coil become low-voltage DC through the lower pressure rectifier filter circuit, control circuit exists under the feedback braking energy situation detecting, detect and result of calculation according to electrokinetic cell and boosting battery dump energy, boosting battery is connected with the low-voltage direct output of inversion charging circuit, electrokinetic cell then is connected with the high voltage direct current input end of inversion charging circuit, control the duty ratio of IGBT inverter bridge, compensate the startup and the control of charge mode; Control circuit exists under the feedback braking energy situation not detecting, and detect the boosting battery dump energy and cross when low, it is the boosting battery charging that the energy conversion of electrokinetic cell is become low-voltage DC, and the duty ratio of control IGBT inverter bridge is adjusted the startup and the control of charge mode; Described control circuit is when being electric vehicle charging by AC network, by control to the contactor group, give power battery charging after making first secondary coil become high voltage direct current through the high-voltage rectifying filter circuit, and boosting battery and inversion charging circuit are disconnected, realize the power recharge pattern that electrokinetic cell is charged; When being electric vehicle charging by AC network, described control circuit, if monitor the user when selecting the auxiliary charging pattern, electrokinetic cell and inversion charging circuit are disconnected, and charge to boosting battery after making the 3rd secondary coil become low-voltage DC through the lower pressure rectifier filter circuit, and after control circuit detects boosting battery charging and finishes, automatically switch into the charging that the power recharge pattern is proceeded electrokinetic cell.
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| JP特开2007-159236A 2007.06.21 |
| JP特开2008-206300A 2008.09.04 |
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| CN101499673A (en) | 2009-08-05 |
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