CN101497479A - Method for adsorbing seawater exceeding cadmium by cultivating blood clam - Google Patents
Method for adsorbing seawater exceeding cadmium by cultivating blood clam Download PDFInfo
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- CN101497479A CN101497479A CNA2009100961154A CN200910096115A CN101497479A CN 101497479 A CN101497479 A CN 101497479A CN A2009100961154 A CNA2009100961154 A CN A2009100961154A CN 200910096115 A CN200910096115 A CN 200910096115A CN 101497479 A CN101497479 A CN 101497479A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for adsorbing cadmium exceeding standard in seawater through cultivation of Ttgillarca granosa and belongs to the field of marine environmental protection; when the content of cadmium in the seawater exceeds the standard and is within the range of between 5.1 and 50 mu g/L, the water quality of the seawater is in the third class, fourth class and inferior fourth class and is unsuitable for cultivation and production; the experiment proves that when Ttgillarca granosa is cultivated in the seawater polluted by cadmium, the age of the Ttgillarca granosa is between 3 and 4 years; the weight is between 4.6 and 7.7 g; the Ttgillarca granosa is grown into formed Ttgillarca granosa with shell width of between 2.13 and 2.78 cm and shell length of between 1.61 and 2.04 cm; the cultivation density is not less than 160 pieces in each square meter (calculated according to average water depth of 0.2 meter); cadmium exceeding the standard in the seawater can be effectively adsorbed; the seawater is restored to the standard of second-class water quality, that is cadmium in the seawater is less than or equal to 5mu g/L; and the Ttgillarca granosa also has function of releasing cadmium and can come into the market as a commodity. The biological method for adsorbing cadmium has effects of convenience and low consumption and has economic, social and ecological benefits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind ofly utilize marine organisms to repair by a kind of method of cadmium pollution seawater; specifically be to utilize a kind of method that mud blood clam (Ttgillarca granosa) adsorbing seawater cadmium exceeds standard of culturing; make seawater reach the standard of country, belong to the marine environmental protection field sea farming two class seawater.
Background technology
Along with Chinese economic development, the increase of heavy industry scales of investment such as iron and steel, electric power, cement, electrolytic aluminum, product production also constantly increases, consequent process water also constantly increases, the trade effluent that is produced constantly enters rivers by blow-off line, the final ocean that imports, heavy metal is more and more serious to the pollution of ocean environment.Especially the coastal seawater aquaculture has been brought serious harm, the cultured product heavy metals exceeding standard occurs repeatedly, and brings disaster to the demersal fish in coastal waters.China is water quality more than two classes to the water quality requirement of sea farming, wherein to limiting the quantity of of heavy metal cadmium require for less than, equal 5 μ g/L and just can reach two class requirements in water quality.The method of administering heavy metal in the seawater at present mainly contains chemical precipitation method, absorption method, ion exchange method, membrane separation process, biosorption process etc.Precipitator method technology is simple, and is easy to operate, but mud can cause secondary pollution; Absorption method is influenced by sea water salinity, and the sorbent material selectivity is not high, ion-exchange purification degree height, non-secondary pollution, recyclable, but actual use cost is too high, membrane separation process adopts electroosmose process, reverse osmosis method, nano filtering process etc., the degree of purification height, but running cost is too big.
Biosorption process is a kind of new technology of handling heavy metal that the environmental area developed recently gets up, and adsorbs heavy metal by the various organisms of occurring in nature or its dead body.It is big that it has loading capacity, and selectivity is strong, and the efficient height consumes few characteristics.Seeking a kind of living body biological the heavy metal cadmium that exceeds standard in the seawater is adsorbed, make full use of biological adsorption own, is purpose of the present invention.
Summary of the invention
For solving seawater by the problem of cadmium pollution, the present invention will screen a kind of marine organisms, require it that cadmium is had the higher biomagnification factor, selected the mud blood clam, the razor clam of hanging, three kinds of mud snail, these three kinds of marine organisms kind that all to be present China culture the enterprising pedestrian worker of beach is carried out the tolerance test of cadmium respectively to above-mentioned three kinds of biologies, experimental result for the mud blood clam for tolerating most, the razor clam of hanging takes second place, mud snail the 3rd; The biomagnification factor (BFC) to cadmium is respectively 109,56,55, thereby the present invention selects the mud blood clam to adsorb the seawater that is exceeded standard and polluted by cadmium.
Mud blood clam (Tegillarca granosa) is a kind of seawater mudflat aquaculture, just having buried whole body with the beach mud layer of perching exceeds, form on beach surface two be connected go out prosopore, to carry out exchange of seawater, utilize rising tide, picked-up is suspended in microplankton such as organic debris, planktonic diatom in the seawater, poor growth, generally to culture 3-4 and can reach commercial specification, because its biomagnification factor (BFC) is higher, thereby with exchange of seawater in, utilize himself biological adsorption function, repair cadmium pollution in the seawater.
The mud blood clam is in different growth periods, adsorptivity or tolerance to cadmium are also different, it is 5.1 μ g/L-50 μ g/L that the seawater by cadmium pollution that the present invention sets contains that cadmium limits the quantity of, and belongs to three, four classes and bad four class seawater qualities, can not culture marine organisms, otherwise will cause cadmium pollution; To lower limit 5.1 μ g/L is in view of among " Seawater Quality Standards " GB3097-1997, to two class water quality standard cadmium contents be defined as less than, equal 5 μ g/L, to the upper limit 50 μ g/L, be bad four class seawater, contain the cadmium seawater greater than 50 μ g/L and can cause the active reduction of mud blood clam, even it is dead, from experimental result, mud blood clam (commodity blood clam grows up, down together), every body weight is at 4.6-7.7g, and shell is wide at 2.13cm-2.78cm, and the absorption cadmium function of 3-4 mud in the age blood clam of the long 1.61cm-2.04cn of shell is best, teenage blood clam or young blood clam are poor to the tolerance of cadmium, thereby the present invention absorption is to utilize the mud blood clam that grows up by the cadmium pollution seawater, and blood clam age has been had a blood clam of commercial specification at 3-4, and it has done above specification size to illustrate.
It is the density of culturing that the present invention will solve another problem, make by the seawater of the seawater cadmium content 5.1 μ g/L-50 μ g/L of cadmium pollution be adsorbed to less than, equal 5 μ g/L, reach the requirement of " Seawater Quality Standards " GB3097-1997 to two class water quality standard, cultivation density is the problem that must solve, laboratory test shows, cultivation density should be no less than 160 (according to 0.2 meter calculating of average depth) for every square metre, just can reach purpose of the present invention.Simultaneously, in experiment, also find, become blood clam that the function that cadmium exceeds standard in the adsorbing seawater is not only arranged, (" pollution-free food scallop " NY5062-2008 and " pollution-free food oyster " NY5154-2008 require cadmium≤4.0mg/kg when the absorption of health internal cause cadmium surpasses the food sanitation standard of national regulation when it, " pollution-free food sea crabs " NY5162-2008 requirement cadmium≤3.0mg/kg), to contain cadmium be that 0.12 μ g/L, one class water quality seawater breeding is after 10 days as long as it is put into, it can utilize the physiological function of self to discharge intravital cadmium, reach the safe edible standard of above-mentioned national regulation, and the containing cadmium and still can meet a class seawater quality and require (less than 1.0 μ g/L) of seawater.
In sum, content of the present invention reduces: the mud blood clam is 109 to the biomagnification factor (BFC) of cadmium, the marine organisms of selecting the mud blood clam to be polluted by cadmium (containing cadmium in the seawater) at 5.1 μ g/L-50 μ g/L as absorption, this mud blood clam should be weight at 4.6g-7.7g, shell is wide at 2.13cm-2.78cm, the long 1.61cm-2.04cm of shell, the adult mud blood clam of blood clam 3-4 in age; Its cultivation density should be no less than 160 (according to 0.2 meter calculating of average depth) for every square metre; Ability active adsorption cadmium makes seawater contain cadmium and is less than, equals 5 μ g/L, meets national seawater two class cultivation water standards.The mud blood clam of being cultured simultaneously is still for making commodity selling; Even cadmium content exceeds standard when not meeting food sanitation standard, need be that breed is after 10 days in 0.12 μ g/L, the one class seawater quality only containing cadmium, it discharges intravital cadmium by the physiological function of itself, reaches the safe edible standard of national regulation.
Utilize biological absorption by the seawater of cadmium pollution, have the effect of convenience, low consumption, have good economy, society and ecological benefits.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1:
One, condition: in the laboratory; it is 5.1 μ g/L and 10 μ g/L that the test seawater contains cadmium; changed water once in per 12 hours; (changing the seawater of identical cadmium concentration) oxygenation in 24 hours; room temperature is controlled at 22 ℃-26 ℃; when change water every day dystropy or dead mud blood clam are pulled out, the morning is when changing water, the mud blood clam put into solution (cadmium concentration of this solution also is the cadmium concentration of the test seawater) feeding 0.5 hour that contains chlorella.Test chamber fills the 100L seawater, puts into 80 mud blood clams.
Two, method: got 5 mud blood clams at random at 0 day, 1 day, 3 days, 5 days, 10 days, 15 days, 20 days, 30 days, cadmium residual quantity in the detection bodies: experimental result sees Table 1 at every turn:
The interior cadmium residual quantity of table 1 mud blood clam body is delta data (mg/kg) in time
Three, conclusion:
The cadmium residual quantity increases (in initial 5 days, residual quantity changes in the organism does not have clear regularity) in the same exposure concentrations, mud blood clam body along with the increase of exposure duration in the water.Interior residual the limiting the quantity of of cadmium of mud blood clam body of testing after 30 days still meets China's food sanitation safe standard.
Embodiment 2:
One, experiment condition: in the laboratory, containing cadmium concentration in the seawater is 25 μ g/L and 50 μ g/L, and all the other conditions are identical, and method is also identical.
The interior cadmium residual quantity of table 2 mud blood clam body is data ((mg/kg) over time
Three, conclusion:
The cadmium residual quantity increases along with the increase of exposure duration in the water generally in the same exposure concentrations, mud blood clam body, and interior residual the limiting the quantity of of cadmium of mud blood clam body of testing after 30 days do not meet China's food sanitation safe standard (3.0mg/kg).But seawater quality meets country to breeding water two class water quality standard.
The overproof mud blood clam of cadmium content can make it discharge cadmium by supporting temporarily in the natural sea-water, and to reach the edible standard, its release test is as follows:
Each 20 of mud blood clams to supporting 30d in 25 μ g/L and 50 μ g/L seawater are placed on and carry out release test in the 100L cadmium concentration 0.12 μ g/L one class seawater quality (process of the test is not changed water, keeps oxygenation in 24 hours, and the control room temperature is at (22-26) ℃.In time pull dystropy or dead mud blood clam about 9:00 every day; normal shellfish is put into the solution feeding 0.5 hour that contains chlorella); mud blood clam cadmium content meets China's food sanitation safe standard after 10 days, and seawater quality still meets a class seawater requirement (less than 1.0 μ g/L).
Table 3 enrichment the dispose procedure of mud blood clam cadmium in clean sea water of high density cadmium
Embodiment 3 simultaneous tests:
In Leqing, Wenzhou plant, seawater settling tank and mud blood clam are cultured the pool and change water simultaneously, and when just changing water, cadmium concentration is 8.7 μ g/L in the seawater.After 5 days, the cadmium concentration of seawater is 8.1 μ g/L in the seawater settling tank, and the cadmium concentration in the mud blood clam breed pool in the seawater is 1.3 μ g/L, and all mud blood clams all meet China's wholesome food safety standards, have proved the effect that the mud blood clam has cadmium in the adsorbing seawater of culturing.
Employed instrument is U.S. Varian AA240DUO Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy AAS (band flame system and a graphite furnace system) in the above-mentioned experiment, German Milestone Ethos T microwave dissolver (band is caught up with sour device).
Cadmium content detects and carries out with reference to GB17378.6-2007 " analysis of Marine monitoring standard the 6th part biological body " " 8.1 flameless atomic absorption spectrometry " in the mud blood clam muscle; Cadmium content detects and carries out with reference to GB17378.5-2007 " Marine monitoring standard the 5th part sediment analysis " " 8.1 flameless atomic absorption spectrometry " in the shell.
Above-mentioned laboratory test and plant's simultaneous test all illustrate the effect that the mud blood clam has the adsorbing seawater cadmium to exceed standard of culturing.
When the cadmium content in certain sea area is higher when exceeding standard, can pass through mudflat aquaculture mud blood clam, reach the effect of absorption cadmium, seawater is met culture required water quality standard, when the mud blood clam is gathered in the crops, cadmium residual quantity in the mud blood clam body is detected, when cadmium content meets safety and sanitation standard, the direct list marketing of mud blood clam, when cadmium content did not meet safety and sanitation standard in the mud blood clam body, the mud blood clam is list marketing again after temporarily foster for some time in a class water quality seawater.Therefore, the physilogical characteristics of applying biological of the present invention itself had both reached the removal cadmium to sea pollution, can sell as commodity again simultaneously, and it is very positive to environment, economic worth.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of utilization cultured the method that mud blood clam adsorbing seawater cadmium exceeds standard, and it is characterized in that: described seawater contains cadmium and exceeds standard scope between 5.1 μ g/L-50 μ g/L; Described mud blood clam be body weight at 4.6-7.7g, shell is wide at 2.13cm-2.78cm, the long 1.61cm-2.04cn of shell, blood clam age is the one-tenth blood clam of 3-4.
2, a kind of breed mud blood clam adsorbing seawater that utilizes according to claim 1 contains the method that cadmium exceeds standard, and it is characterized in that every square metre of cultivation density should be no less than 160 and become blood clams (according to 0.2 meter calculating of average depth).
3, a kind of utilization according to claim 1 and 2 cultured mud blood clam adsorbing seawater and contained the method that cadmium exceeds standard, and it is characterized in that culturing into blood clam after 30 days, seawater contain cadmium less than, equal 5 μ g/L, reach national two class Seawater Quality Standardss.
4, a kind of breed mud blood clam adsorbing seawater that utilizes according to claim 1 contains the method that cadmium exceeds standard, when it is characterized in that described mud blood clam is polluted (contain cadmium and surpass 3mg/kg) by the cadmium enrichment, contaminated mud blood clam should be placed on and contain in the cadmium 0.12 μ g/L one class seawater quality, oxygenation in 24 hours, room temperature is at 22 ℃-26 ℃, every morning feeding 0.5 hour in chlorella solution, pull out under the condition of death or dystropy mud blood clam, support after 10 days temporarily, the mud blood clam can discharge intravital cadmium by the physiological function of self, reach the safe edible standard, simultaneously also polluted seawater water quality not.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2009100961154A CN101497479B (en) | 2009-02-08 | 2009-02-08 | Method for adsorbing seawater exceeding cadmium by cultivating blood clam |
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| CN2009100961154A CN101497479B (en) | 2009-02-08 | 2009-02-08 | Method for adsorbing seawater exceeding cadmium by cultivating blood clam |
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| CN101497479A true CN101497479A (en) | 2009-08-05 |
| CN101497479B CN101497479B (en) | 2011-06-15 |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103991964A (en) * | 2014-03-06 | 2014-08-20 | 浙江省海洋水产研究所 | Biological treatment method for chromium-polluted sea water |
| CN112568157A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-03-30 | 浙江省海洋水产养殖研究所 | Breeding method of tegillarca granosa strain with low cadmium enrichment |
| CN115488146A (en) * | 2022-10-26 | 2022-12-20 | 河南大学 | Method for repairing heavy metal in tidal flat land based on animals and plants |
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2009
- 2009-02-08 CN CN2009100961154A patent/CN101497479B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103991964A (en) * | 2014-03-06 | 2014-08-20 | 浙江省海洋水产研究所 | Biological treatment method for chromium-polluted sea water |
| CN103991964B (en) * | 2014-03-06 | 2015-10-21 | 浙江省海洋水产研究所 | A kind of bioremediation of pollution of chromium seawater |
| CN112568157A (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-03-30 | 浙江省海洋水产养殖研究所 | Breeding method of tegillarca granosa strain with low cadmium enrichment |
| CN115488146A (en) * | 2022-10-26 | 2022-12-20 | 河南大学 | Method for repairing heavy metal in tidal flat land based on animals and plants |
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| CN101497479B (en) | 2011-06-15 |
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Granted publication date: 20110615 Termination date: 20140208 |