CN101492545B - Method of preparing poly-pyrrole/polythiofuran derivative composite conductive macromolecule material for super electrical condenser - Google Patents
Method of preparing poly-pyrrole/polythiofuran derivative composite conductive macromolecule material for super electrical condenser Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method for polypyrrole/polythiophene derivative compound conductive high polymer material, which comprises the following steps: firstly, boron trifluoride diethyl ether and aether are blended, and then added with ionic liquid to obtain A solution; pyrrole and thiofuran derivative monomer are added into the A solution to prepare B solution; the B solution is added into an electrolytic cell equipped with three electrodes; and electrochemical polymerization is carried out under the protection of nitrogen; polymerized current density is 1-10 mA/cm2; a layer of uniform polypyrrole/polythiophene derivative complex film can be obtained on a working electrode after polymerization is finished; the working electrode is taken out for washing and dried in the temperature of 60 DEG C. The preparation method has the beneficial effects that the composite electrode material prepared by the invention has about 200 F/g of bulking value and an electrical potential widow with about 0-2.8 width in organic solvent, and still has higher specific capacity and better circulation stability when discharging in high power.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparation method of a class ultracapacitor with polypyrrole/polythiofuran derivative conductive polymer composites.
Background technology
Electric chemical super capacitor claims ultracapacitor again, it is a kind of novel energy storage device, it is a kind of novel energy-storing device between traditional capacitor and battery, the characteristics that have quick storage and release energy, so it has of crucial importance and wide application prospect at aspects such as mobile communication, information technology, industrial circle, consumer electronics, electromobile, aerospace and science and techniques of defence.Compare with traditional capacitor, electrochemical capacitor has higher specific storage, and storable specific energy is 10-100 a times of traditional capacitor; Compare with battery, have higher specific power, the duration of charging is short, discharging efficiency is high, recycle advantages such as the life-span is long.Energy storage can be divided into electric double layer capacitance and pseudo capacitance/fake capacitance in the electric energy of electrochemical capacitor.Mainly by the long-pending decision of electrode material surface, its theoretical electrical capacity is directly proportional with the specific surface area of electrode materials for the former, and electrode materials is generally the raw material of wood-charcoal material of high-specific surface area.The latter generally is a metal oxide, its capacity source with electrode materials faraday continuous, reversible, no phase transformation to be taken place under the feature current potential react, the simultaneous ion takes off relevant in the free embedding of electrode surface body in mutually.
The capacitive property of ultracapacitor depends primarily on electrode materials.Therefore the new electrode materials of necessary research and development is to improve the performance of ultracapacitor.Organic conductive macromolecule such as polypyrrole, polyaniline and Polythiophene etc. are the high molecular polymers that a class has the long-chain conjugated structure, having that raw material is easy to get, synthetic easy, good stability, can carry out reversible redox reaction and store charge density advantages of higher, is more satisfactory electrode material for super capacitor.Compare with the motor material of above-mentioned two kinds of common ultracapacitors, conducting polymer composite has higher specific storage and specific energy than carbon material, has lower cost than metal oxide.The synthetic method of conducting polymer can be divided into chemical process and electrochemical method substantially.Compare with the manufacturing process of carbon material and metal oxide materials, the electrochemical production ultracapacitor is simpler with conducting polymer composite.
But because dopant molecule is often smaller, come out from individual layer conducting polymer film internal diffusion easily, influence the cyclical stability of membrane electrode electric capacity.And composite conductive polymer has the membrane structure of pemosors, can increase diffusional resistance, and Heat stability is good might improve the capacitive property of electrode materials.
Summary of the invention
Problem to be solved by this invention is that a kind of preparation method that can improve the ultracapacitor of cyclical stability and volumetric properties with polypyrrole/Polythiophene conductive polymer composites is provided at above-mentioned prior art.
The present invention for the solution that problem adopts of the above-mentioned proposition of solution is: the ultracapacitor preparation method of polypyrrole/polythiofuran derivative conductive polymer composites is characterized in that including following steps:
1) preparation of A solution: earlier boron trifluoride diethyl etherate and ether are mixed according to 5: 1～1: 5 volume ratio, obtain the A solution of 0.05～0.5mol/L to wherein adding ionic liquid again;
2) preparation of B solution: add pyrroles and thiophene derivant monomer in A solution respectively, being mixed with monomer concentration is the B solution of 0.05～1mol/L and 1～0.05mol/L;
3) be equipped with three electrode electrolyzer adding B solution, reference electrode is a saturated calomel electrode in three electrodes, and counter electrode is a platinized platinum, and working electrode is stainless steel substrates, platinized platinum or gold plaque, carries out electrochemical polymerization under nitrogen protection, and the polymerization current density is 1～10mA/cm
2, can on working electrode, obtain layer of even polypyrrole/polythiofuran derivative composite membrane after polymerization is finished; The washing of taking-up working electrode, oven dry gets final product under 60 ℃.
Press such scheme, described ionic liquid is 1-butyl-3-Methylimidazole hexafluorophosphate or 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate;
Press such scheme, described thiophene derivant is thiophene, 3 methyl thiophene, 3-hexyl thiophene or 3-octyl group thiophene;
In electrochemical polymerization, near conductive high polymer monomer oxidation active carbon electrode generates radical cation, radical cation makes chainpropagation by coupling or to the monomer attack subsequently, and anion doped the entering in the ionic liquid makes it keep electric neutrality in the conducting polymer.Like this, along with the carrying out of electrochemical polymerization, reaction can constantly go on, and the thickness of conductive polymer membrane then can be controlled by the electric weight that consumes in the polymerization process.
Compared with the prior art, the technique effect that the present invention has reached: adopt boron trifluoride diethyl etherate with different proportionings and ether as in the solvent, in containing the monomeric above-mentioned solvent of ionic liquid and pyrroles and thiophene derivant, adopt electrochemical polymerization on working electrode, to obtain the laminated film of polypyrrole/polythiofuran derivative.The combination electrode material of this invention preparation have the bulking value of about 200F/g and in organic solvent the wide electrochemical window in the 0-2.8V left and right sides, and when high power discharge, still have higher specific storage and cyclical stability preferably.
Embodiment
Further introduce the present invention below by embodiment, but embodiment can not be construed as limiting the invention.
Embodiment 1:
1) preparation of A solution: earlier boron trifluoride diethyl etherate and ether are mixed according to 5: 1 volume ratio, to wherein adding ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate, obtaining 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate concentration is the A solution of 0.05mol/L again;
2) preparation of B solution: in A solution, add pyrroles and thiophene monomer respectively, be mixed with the B solution that pyrroles and thiophene monomer concentration are respectively 0.05mol/L and 1mol/L;
3) be saturated calomel electrode being equipped with reference electrode, counter electrode is a platinized platinum, and working electrode is that the three-electrode cell adding B solution of stainless steel substrates carries out electrochemical polymerization under nitrogen protection, and the polymerization current density is 1mA/cm
2, polymerization time is 30min, can obtain polypyrrole/polythiophene composite film that a layer thickness is 3 μ m after finishing on working electrode; The washing of taking-up working electrode is 60 ℃ of oven dry down.
Embodiment 2:
1) preparation of A solution: earlier boron trifluoride diethyl etherate and ether are mixed according to 5: 1 volume ratio, to wherein adding ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate, obtaining 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate concentration is the A solution of 0.2mol/L again;
2) preparation of B solution: in A solution, add pyrroles and thiophene monomer respectively, be mixed with the B solution that pyrroles and thiophene monomer concentration are 0.2mol/L and 1mol/L;
3) be saturated calomel electrode being equipped with reference electrode, counter electrode is a platinized platinum, and working electrode is that the three-electrode cell adding B solution of stainless steel substrates carries out electrochemical polymerization under nitrogen protection, and the polymerization current density is 1mA/cm
2, polymerization time is 60min, can obtain polypyrrole/polythiophene composite film that a layer thickness is 6 μ m after finishing on working electrode; The washing of taking-up working electrode is 60 ℃ of oven dry down.
Embodiment 3:
1) preparation of A solution: earlier boron trifluoride diethyl etherate and ether are mixed according to 3: 1 volume ratio, to wherein adding ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate, obtaining 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate concentration is the A solution of 0.5mol/L again;
2) preparation of B solution: in A solution, add pyrroles and thiophene monomer respectively, be mixed with the B solution that pyrroles and thiophene monomer concentration are 0.5mol/L and 0.8mol/L;
3) be saturated calomel electrode being equipped with reference electrode, counter electrode is a platinized platinum, and working electrode is that the three-electrode cell adding B solution of stainless steel substrates carries out electrochemical polymerization under nitrogen protection, and the polymerization current density is 4mA/cm
2, polymerization time is 50min, can obtain polypyrrole/polythiophene composite film that a layer thickness is 18 μ m after finishing on working electrode; The washing of taking-up working electrode is 60 ℃ of oven dry down.
Embodiment 4:
1) preparation of A solution: earlier boron trifluoride diethyl etherate and ether are mixed according to 1: 1 volume ratio, to wherein adding ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-Methylimidazole hexafluorophosphate, obtaining 1-butyl-3-Methylimidazole phosphofluoric acid salt concn is the A solution of 0.5mol/L again;
2) preparation of B solution: in A solution, add pyrroles and thiophene monomer respectively, be mixed with the B solution that pyrroles and thiophene monomer concentration are 0.4mol/L and 0.7mol/L;
3) be saturated calomel electrode being equipped with reference electrode, counter electrode is a platinized platinum, and working electrode is that the three-electrode cell adding B solution of gold plaque carries out electrochemical polymerization under nitrogen protection, and the polymerization current density is 2mA/cm
2, polymerization time is 60min, can obtain polypyrrole/polythiophene composite film that a layer thickness is 10 μ m after polymerization is finished on working electrode; The washing of taking-up working electrode is 60 ℃ of oven dry down.
Embodiment 5:
1) preparation of A solution: earlier boron trifluoride diethyl etherate and ether are mixed according to 1: 3 volume ratio, to wherein adding ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-Methylimidazole hexafluorophosphate, obtaining 1-butyl-3-Methylimidazole phosphofluoric acid salt concn is the A solution of 0.4mol/L again;
2) preparation of B solution: in A solution, add pyrroles and thiophene monomer respectively, be mixed with the B solution that pyrroles and thiophene monomer concentration are 0.6mol/L and 0.3mol/L;
3) be saturated calomel electrode being equipped with reference electrode, counter electrode is a platinized platinum, and working electrode is that the three-electrode cell adding B solution of gold plaque carries out electrochemical polymerization under nitrogen protection, and the polymerization current density is 8mA/cm
2, polymerization time is 30min, can obtain polypyrrole/polythiophene composite film that a layer thickness is 21 μ m after polymerization is finished on working electrode; The washing of taking-up working electrode is 60 ℃ of oven dry down.
Embodiment 6:
1) preparation of A solution: earlier boron trifluoride diethyl etherate and ether are mixed according to 1: 3 volume ratio, to wherein adding ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate, obtaining 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate concentration is the A solution of 0.5mol/L again;
2) preparation of B solution: in A solution, add pyrroles and 3 methyl thiophene monomer respectively, be mixed with the B solution that pyrroles and 3 methyl thiophene monomer concentration are 0.6mol/L and 0.2mol/L;
3) be saturated calomel electrode being equipped with reference electrode, counter electrode is a platinized platinum, and working electrode is that the three-electrode cell adding B solution of stainless steel substrates carries out electrochemical polymerization under nitrogen protection, and the polymerization current density is 5mA/cm
2, polymerization time is 60min, can obtain the polypyrrole that a layer thickness is 27 μ m/poly-3 methyl thiophene composite membrane after finishing on working electrode; The washing of taking-up working electrode is 60 ℃ of oven dry down.
Embodiment 7:
1) preparation of A solution: earlier boron trifluoride diethyl etherate and ether are mixed according to 2: 1 volume ratio, to wherein adding ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate, obtaining 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate concentration is the A solution of 0.8mol/L again;
2) preparation of B solution: add pyrroles and 3-hexyl thiophene monomer in A solution respectively, being mixed with pyrroles and 3-hexyl thiophene monomer concentration is the B solution of 0.8mol/L and 0.2mol/L;
3) be saturated calomel electrode being equipped with reference electrode, counter electrode is a platinized platinum, and working electrode is that the three-electrode cell adding B solution of stainless steel substrates carries out electrochemical polymerization under nitrogen protection, and the polymerization current density is 6mA/cm
2, polymerization time is 40min, can obtain the polypyrrole that a layer thickness is 20 μ m/poly-3-hexyl thiophene composite membrane after finishing on working electrode; The washing of taking-up working electrode is 60 ℃ of oven dry down.
Embodiment 8:
1) preparation of A solution: earlier boron trifluoride diethyl etherate and ether are mixed according to 1: 1 volume ratio, to wherein adding ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate, obtaining 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate concentration is the A solution of 0.5mol/L again;
2) preparation of B solution: in A solution, add pyrroles and 3-octyl group thiophene monomer respectively, be mixed with the pyrroles and 3-octyl group thiophene monomer concentration is the B solution of 0.7mol/L and 0.25mol/L;
3) be saturated calomel electrode being equipped with reference electrode, counter electrode is a platinized platinum, and working electrode is that the three-electrode cell adding B solution of stainless steel substrates carries out electrochemical polymerization under nitrogen protection, and the polymerization current density is 5mA/cm
2, polymerization time is 30min, can obtain the polypyrrole that a layer thickness is 13 μ m/poly-3-octyl group thiophene composite membrane after finishing on working electrode; The washing of taking-up working electrode is 60 ℃ of oven dry down.
Embodiment 9:
1) preparation of A solution: earlier boron trifluoride diethyl etherate and ether are mixed according to 1: 2 volume ratio, to wherein adding ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-Methylimidazole hexafluorophosphate, obtaining 1-butyl-3-Methylimidazole phosphofluoric acid salt concn is the A solution of 0.6mol/L again;
2) preparation of B solution: in A solution, add pyrroles and 3-octyl group thiophene monomer respectively, be mixed with the pyrroles and 3-octyl group thiophene monomer concentration is the B solution of 0.8mol/L and 0.1mol/L;
3) be saturated calomel electrode being equipped with reference electrode, counter electrode is a platinized platinum, and working electrode is that the three-electrode cell adding B solution of platinized platinum carries out electrochemical polymerization under nitrogen protection, and the polymerization current density is 8mA/cm
2, polymerization time is 20min, can obtain the polypyrrole that a layer thickness is 15 μ m/poly-3-octyl group thiophene composite membrane after finishing on working electrode; The washing of taking-up working electrode is 60 ℃ of oven dry down.
Embodiment 10:
1) preparation of A solution: earlier boron trifluoride diethyl etherate and ether are mixed according to 1: 1 volume ratio, to wherein adding ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-Methylimidazole hexafluorophosphate, obtaining 1-butyl-3-Methylimidazole phosphofluoric acid salt concn is the A solution of 0.5mol/L again;
2) preparation of B solution: add pyrroles and 3-hexyl thiophene monomer in A solution respectively, being mixed with pyrroles and 3-hexyl thiophene monomer concentration is the B solution of 0.8mol/L and 0.1mol/L;
3) be saturated calomel electrode being equipped with reference electrode, counter electrode is a platinized platinum, and working electrode is that the three-electrode cell adding B solution of platinized platinum carries out electrochemical polymerization under nitrogen protection, and the polymerization current density is 4mA/cm
2, polymerization time is 20min, can obtain the polypyrrole that a layer thickness is 8 μ m/poly-3-hexyl thiophene composite membrane after finishing on working electrode; The washing of taking-up working electrode is 60 ℃ of oven dry down.
Embodiment 11:
1) preparation of A solution: earlier boron trifluoride diethyl etherate and ether are mixed according to 1: 1 volume ratio, to wherein adding ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate, obtaining 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate concentration is the A solution of 0.8mol/L again;
2) preparation of B solution: in A solution, add pyrroles and 3 methyl thiophene monomer respectively, be mixed with the B solution that pyrroles and 3 methyl thiophene monomer concentration are 1mol/L and 0.05mol/L;
3) be saturated calomel electrode being equipped with reference electrode, counter electrode is a platinized platinum, and working electrode is that the three-electrode cell adding B solution of stainless steel substrates carries out electrochemical polymerization under nitrogen protection, and the polymerization current density is 2mA/cm
2, polymerization time is 30min, can obtain the polypyrrole that a layer thickness is 6 μ m/poly-3 methyl thiophene composite membrane after finishing on working electrode; The washing of taking-up working electrode is 60 ℃ of oven dry down.
Embodiment 12:
1) preparation of A solution: earlier boron trifluoride diethyl etherate and ether are mixed according to 1: 2.5 volume ratio, to wherein adding ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate, obtaining 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate concentration is the A solution of 0.7mol/L again;
2) preparation of B solution: add pyrroles and 3-hexyl thiophene monomer in A solution respectively, being mixed with pyrroles and 3-hexyl thiophene monomer concentration is the B solution of 0.9mol/L and 0.3mol/L;
3) be saturated calomel electrode being equipped with reference electrode, counter electrode is a platinized platinum, and working electrode is that the three-electrode cell adding B solution of stainless steel substrates carries out electrochemical polymerization under nitrogen protection, and the polymerization current density is 1mA/cm
2, polymerization time is 30min, can obtain the polypyrrole that a layer thickness is 3 μ m/poly-3-hexyl thiophene composite membrane after finishing on working electrode; The washing of taking-up working electrode is 60 ℃ of oven dry down.
Because polypyrrole has high specific volume, the compound synergistic effect of the multipolymer of polypyrrole and polythiofuran derivative in addition, the ultracapacitor that makes the present invention prepare has the bulking value of about 200F/g and the wide electrochemical window in the 0-2.8V left and right sides in organic solvent (acetonitrile) with polypyrrole/polythiofuran derivative conductive polymer composites, and when high power discharge, still have higher specific storage and cyclical stability preferably.
Following table has provided part of test results:
| Than electric capacity (F/g) | Electrochemical window (V) | Cyclical stability (discharging and recharging ratio electric capacity and initial ratio after 200 times) | |
| Embodiment 3 | 202.3 | ?0-2.8 | 95％ |
| Embodiment 6 | 196.5 | ?0-2.7 | 90％ |
| Embodiment 7 | 213.7 | ?0-2.9 | 93％ |
| Embodiment 9 | 184.1 | ?0-2.7 | 88％ |
Each cited raw material of the present invention can both be realized the present invention, and the bound value of each raw material, interval value can both realize the present invention; Do not enumerate embodiment one by one at this.Bound value, the interval value of processing parameter of the present invention (as temperature, time etc.) can both be realized the present invention, do not enumerate embodiment one by one at this.
Claims (2)
1. ultracapacitor is characterized in that including following steps with the preparation method of polypyrrole/polythiofuran derivative conductive polymer composites:
1) preparation of A solution: earlier boron trifluoride diethyl etherate and ether are mixed according to 5: 1～1: 5 volume ratio, obtain the A solution of 0.05～0.5mol/L to wherein adding ionic liquid again;
2) preparation of B solution: in A solution, add pyrroles and thiophene derivant monomer respectively, being mixed with monomer concentration is the B solution of 0.05～1mol/L and 1～0.05mol/L, and described thiophene derivant is thiophene, 3 methyl thiophene, 3-hexyl thiophene or 3-octyl group thiophene;
3) be equipped with three electrode electrolyzer adding B solution, reference electrode is a saturated calomel electrode in three electrodes, and counter electrode is a platinized platinum, and working electrode is stainless steel substrates, platinized platinum or gold plaque, carries out electrochemical polymerization under nitrogen protection, and the polymerization current density is 1～10mA/cm
2, can on working electrode, obtain layer of even polypyrrole/polythiofuran derivative composite membrane after polymerization is finished; The washing of taking-up working electrode, oven dry gets final product under 60 ℃.
2. by the preparation method of the described ultracapacitor of claim 1, it is characterized in that described ionic liquid is 1-butyl-3-Methylimidazole hexafluorophosphate or 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate with polypyrrole/polythiofuran derivative conductive polymer composites.
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| CN102074366B (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2012-07-04 | 苏州方昇光电装备技术有限公司 | Mixed-type ionic liquid electrolyte as well as preparation method and application thereof |
| CN102220622B (en) * | 2011-04-22 | 2012-10-10 | 武汉工程大学 | Method for synthesizing polypyrrole-chitosan-metal nanoparticle composite film on surface of cathode by one-step process |
| CN102275357B (en) * | 2011-05-13 | 2014-01-29 | 天津工业大学 | Polyindole coating cellulose membrane electric active material and preparation method thereof |
| CN102514281B (en) * | 2011-12-13 | 2014-10-15 | 天津工业大学 | Polypyrrole coating composite polyhydroxybutiricester membrane electroactive material and its preparation method |
| CN102779647B (en) * | 2012-07-16 | 2015-02-25 | 东华大学 | Method for preparing pyrrole/3-(4-tert-butyl benzene) thiophene copolymer for supercapacitor |
| CN103342474A (en) * | 2013-06-14 | 2013-10-09 | 电子科技大学 | Manufacturing method for film of conductive polymer and nano-material |
| CN106867018B (en) * | 2017-03-01 | 2019-04-19 | 东北石油大学 | A method of with the synthetic microporous conductive polymer material of nano-reactor |
| FR3064812B1 (en) * | 2017-04-03 | 2022-06-24 | Nawatechnologies | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITOR |
| CN108182984B (en) * | 2018-01-22 | 2019-08-23 | 杭州富阳正成机械设备厂 | A kind of ion liquid modified Polypyrrole Conducting Materials |
| CN110323078A (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2019-10-11 | 中国科学技术大学 | A kind of electric polypyrrole self-supporting film electrode and preparation method thereof and a kind of flexible super capacitor and preparation method thereof |
| CN108485263A (en) * | 2018-04-06 | 2018-09-04 | 菏泽学院 | A kind of conductive, transparent polymer material and preparation method thereof |
| CN111180742B (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2021-06-15 | 中国科学院化学研究所 | Microbial electrode, preparation method thereof and microbial fuel cell |
| CN111799096B (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2021-06-25 | 吉林大学 | Miniature super capacitor and preparation method thereof |
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