CN101492154B - 一种从低浓度或非连续性烟气中经济回收二氧化硫制取硫酸的方法 - Google Patents
一种从低浓度或非连续性烟气中经济回收二氧化硫制取硫酸的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101492154B CN101492154B CN2009101149239A CN200910114923A CN101492154B CN 101492154 B CN101492154 B CN 101492154B CN 2009101149239 A CN2009101149239 A CN 2009101149239A CN 200910114923 A CN200910114923 A CN 200910114923A CN 101492154 B CN101492154 B CN 101492154B
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- flue gas
- desulfurization
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- acid
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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[O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound 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OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulphur dioxide Chemical compound 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O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract 14
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 title 1
- 235000010269 sulphur dioxide Nutrition 0.000 title 1
- 239000004291 sulphur dioxide Substances 0.000 title 1
- 230000003009 desulfurizing Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 21
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N fe2+ Chemical compound 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[Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 18
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur Chemical compound 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- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc Chemical compound 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Abstract
本发明公开一种从低浓度或非连续性烟气中经济回收二氧化硫制取硫酸的方法，将含二氧化硫的烟气经净化除尘除杂、降温、除酸雾后一分为二，其中一路送去脱硫工段，烟气经吸收、解吸产出的高纯度SO2气体均匀地混入到另一路未进行脱硫的烟气中，将混合后的烟气SO2浓度提高到5％以上进入一转一吸的制酸工段，制酸后的尾气再次进入脱硫工段脱硫，SO2含量远远低于排放标准后排放。该工艺将原本不能满足接触法制酸要求的冶炼烟气变为可正常制酸的烟气，且无需对全部的烟气进行脱硫，这样大幅降低了能耗、运行成本和投资，SO2的排放量也远低于常规流程，从而为部分有色冶炼厂解决了一大环保难题，符合国家节能降耗减排的政策。
Description
一种从低浓度或非连续性烟气中经济回收二氧化硫制取硫
酸的方法
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及接触法制硫酸和吸收-解吸法脱硫工艺，尤其是分气脱硫回收SO2后再制硫酸的工艺。
背景技术
[0002] 硫酸工业生产目前基本采用接触法制酸工艺，无论采用“一转一吸”或“二转二吸” 工艺，均对浓度有一定的要求，一般而言，当烟气中浓度高于5%时，可以实现“二转二吸”工艺的自热平衡，尾气可直接达标排放；当烟气中SO2浓度介于3%〜5%之间时，可以实现“一转一吸”工艺的自热平衡，但外排烟气要达标需增加尾气吸收装置，另外浓度越稳定对制酸越有利。而不连续的烟气是不能直接用于制酸的。硫酸生产主要原料有硫铁矿、 硫磺、有色冶炼烟气等三大类。以前二种为原料的制酸系统均可采用二转二吸工艺，而有色冶炼除炼铜、镍和锌等金属以外，有些冶炼烟气SO2浓度低或不连续，不能满足接触法制酸工艺的要求，为此引入吸收-解吸法脱硫工艺来进行整合，将低SA浓度或不连续烟气整合成可满足制酸要求的高浓度SA气体。吸收-解吸法脱硫工艺可从烟气中有选择性的吸收 SO2，再解吸出SA以回收SO2，得到具有很高纯度且气量稳定的SA气体，SO2气体经稀释后采用常规接触法“二转二吸”制酸工艺制取硫酸。
[0003] 但是一般吸收-解吸法脱硫工艺是一种高能耗、高运行成本的工艺，需要消耗大量的蒸汽。如果冶炼厂不产蒸汽或蒸汽量不足，则需要专门建低压锅炉房为该工艺提供蒸汽。脱硫装置规模和蒸汽消耗与烟气量和需要处理的量成正比。
发明内容
[0004] 本发明目的在于针对低SA浓度或非连续烟气提供一种分气脱硫、一转一吸制硫酸工艺，该工艺可以降低蒸汽消耗量、降低运行成本和降低工程总投资，是一种节能型烟气制酸方法。
[0005] 本发明的技术方案为：一种从低浓度或非连续性烟气中经济回收二氧化硫制取硫酸的方法，该方法采用分气方式，将低SO2浓度或非连续性的冶炼烟气经净化除尘除杂、降温、除酸雾后一分为二，其中一路送去脱硫工段，经吸收、解吸产出的高纯度SO2气体混入到另一路未进行脱硫的烟气中，混合后的烟气SO2浓度升至满足接触法制酸要求后进入制酸工段。分气式吸收-解吸法脱硫工艺及一转一吸制酸工艺的组合流程，包括制酸后尾气再次进入脱硫工段脱硫的这种工艺方案。
[0006] 由冶炼系统来的高温冶炼烟气首先送入硫酸系统的净化工段，被绝热蒸发冷却和洗涤除尘除杂质后，进入两级电除雾除下酸雾，使烟气中的酸雾含量降至< 5mg/Nm3。净化后的烟气分成两部分，分别送往脱硫工段和制酸工段。进入脱硫工段的烟气，采用吸收-解吸法脱硫工艺进行脱硫处理，脱硫解吸后送出的纯回到制酸工段干燥塔前，与净化后未进入烟气脱硫工段的另一部分烟气混合，进入制酸工段。制酸工段采用一级干燥、一次转化、一次吸收的制酸流程。制酸后的尾气进入尾气增湿塔，使烟气温度降至合适的温度后再次被送至烟气脱硫工段吸收其中残余的SO2，最终尾气不仅可以而且还远远低于国家排放标准。
[0007] 本发明的优点在于：分气脱硫、一转一吸制硫酸工艺并不是将全部的烟气进行脱硫处理，是一种相对降低能耗、运行成本和投资的工艺，尤其适用于低浓度SO2或非连续而无法直接采用接触法制酸的冶炼烟气，不存在风险。由于采用流程简单的一转一吸制酸流程，当烟气中SO2浓度高于5%时，除可以实现“一转一吸”制酸工艺的自热平衡外，还有部分热量富余可回收利用。该工艺比采用“二转二吸”制酸工艺尾气排放的SO2浓度更低，可以回收更多的余热，且操作更简单，还可最大限度地回收硫资源。该工艺还可用于火力发电厂和钢铁厂的尾气脱硫，具有很好的推广价值。
附图说明
[0008] 图1为本发明不分气脱硫制酸工艺流程简图；
[0009] 图2为本发明节能型脱硫一转一吸制酸工艺流程简图。
具体实施方式
[0010] 低浓度或非连续冶炼烟气经净化除尘除杂、降温、除酸雾后分为两路，其中一路由一台风机通过调节阀按比例控制去脱硫工段的气量，烟气经吸收、解吸产出的很高纯度的气体均勻地混入到另一路未进行脱硫的烟气中，将混合后的烟气浓度提高到 5%以上进入一转一吸的制酸工段，制酸后的尾气再次进入脱硫工段脱硫后，SO2含量远远低于排放标准后直接排放。另外，在转化工段还设有余热锅炉回收富余的热量生产蒸汽。 将原本不能满足接触法制酸要求的冶炼烟气变为可制酸的烟气，并相对常规流程降低了能耗、运行成本和投资，可大大降低SO2的排放量，从而为此类有色冶炼厂解决了一大难题，尤其符合当前国家节能降耗减排的政策。
Claims (1)
1. 一种从低浓度或非连续性烟气中经济回收二氧化硫制取硫酸的方法，其特征在于： 低浓度SA或非连续冶炼烟气经净化除尘除杂、降温、除酸雾后分为两路，其中一路由一台风机通过调节阀按比例控制去脱硫工段的气量，烟气经吸收、解吸产出的很高浓度的 SO2气体均勻地混入到另一路未进行脱硫的烟气中，将混合后的烟气SA浓度提高到5%以上进入一转一吸的制酸工段，所述制酸后的尾气再次进入脱硫工段脱硫后，SO2含量远远低于排放标准后直接排放；另外，在转化工段还设有余热锅炉用于回收富余的热量生产蒸汽。
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| CN102079511B (zh) * | 2011-01-05 | 2012-11-07 | 金隆铜业有限公司 | 适用于含高浓度二氧化硫烟气的制酸系统 |
| CN102181308B (zh) * | 2011-03-25 | 2013-08-28 | 建业庆松集团有限公司 | 一种真空碳酸钾法焦炉煤气脱硫-制酸工艺的加工系统 |
| CN103072956B (zh) * | 2012-12-31 | 2015-04-15 | 中国瑞林工程技术有限公司 | 处理烟气的方法及系统 |
| CN103071359B (zh) * | 2013-01-15 | 2016-01-27 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | 一种降低用烧结机尾气的制酸系统排放二氧化硫的方法 |
| CN104147923A (zh) * | 2014-08-13 | 2014-11-19 | 铜陵有色金属集团股份有限公司金冠铜业分公司 | 阳极炉低浓度so2烟气的处理方法 |
| CN105642074A (zh) * | 2014-11-10 | 2016-06-08 | 江苏庆峰国际环保工程有限公司 | 一种低浓度含硫烟气一转一吸制酸工艺 |
| CN105439104A (zh) * | 2015-12-09 | 2016-03-30 | 中国瑞林工程技术有限公司 | 用于联产工业硫酸和液体二氧化硫的设备及方法 |
| CN107469588A (zh) * | 2016-06-07 | 2017-12-15 | 上海宝钢化工有限公司 | 可降低工业尾气中so2浓度的装置及其尾气处理方法 |
| CN107673314B (zh) * | 2017-11-02 | 2020-06-16 | 湖北陆盛环保工程有限公司 | 一种低浓度so2烟气一转两吸硫酸制备方法 |
| CN107963615A (zh) * | 2018-01-05 | 2018-04-27 | 江苏科瑞工程设计有限公司 | 一种克劳斯硫回收装置焚烧尾气的处理工艺 |
| CN108046219A (zh) * | 2018-01-05 | 2018-05-18 | 江苏科瑞工程设计有限公司 | 一种改进的一转一吸制酸工艺 |
| CN109876607A (zh) * | 2019-02-27 | 2019-06-14 | 宁夏中泰富瑞科技有限公司 | 一种处理二氧化硫的尾气处理方法 |
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