CN101483775A - 用于在视频编码器和视频解码器之间通过无线双向信道传送视频流的方法 - Google Patents

用于在视频编码器和视频解码器之间通过无线双向信道传送视频流的方法 Download PDF

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CN101483775A
CN101483775A CNA2008101908314A CN200810190831A CN101483775A CN 101483775 A CN101483775 A CN 101483775A CN A2008101908314 A CNA2008101908314 A CN A2008101908314A CN 200810190831 A CN200810190831 A CN 200810190831A CN 101483775 A CN101483775 A CN 101483775A
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Y·勒普罗沃
C·马丁
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Abstract

用于在视频编码器和视频解码器之间通过无线双向信道传送视频流的方法，其中通过确定视频流的视频帧的已定义分区的预测(M)来对视频帧进行编码，预测(M)基于：视频流的参考帧的至少一个参考区域；与参考区域相关联的一个运动矢量；以及与参考区域相关联的加权因子；其中，获得分区与对应的预测分区(M)之间的差异以建立分区残量；具有分区残量的已编码的视频流被传输到视频解码器以对预测分区(M)进行解码，视频帧的已解码的分区(A)由已解码的预测分区和对应的分区残量相结合而形成；已解码的分区(A)的传输误差概率(PA)被反馈给视频编码器，传输误差概率用在作为参考区域的已解码的分区(A)的运动估计算法的成本函数(J)中。

Description

用于在视频编码器和视频解码器之间通过无线双向信道传送视频流的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及用于在视频编码器和视频解码器之间通过无线双向信道传送视频流的方法，以及用于实现该方法的视频编码器、视频解码器和无线解码器。
具体地，本发明应用于视频电话，其中两个相连的终端既是发射机又是接收机。
背景技术
通过无线信道传输视频流在于：通过视频编码器对由多个视频帧组成的视频流进行编码，以传输到无线编码器。然后，视频流作为无线信号经由无线信道传输到无线解码器。无线解码器将信号转变为比特以将其传输到视频解码器，由该视频解码器重建视频流。
在已知的方式中，通过无线信道传输视频流通常使用帧间预测，也称为运动补偿。该方法在所有已使用的视频压缩系统中使用，也用于新的标准，诸如H.264标准。
视频压缩在于：通过使用运动矢量转变至少一个参考帧的区域来预测视频帧的块(在H.264中也称为宏块)。存在许多类型的宏块。例如，被称为I宏块的帧内预测宏块基于当前帧的空间相邻宏块来预测，P宏块使用与参考区域相关联的单个运动矢量，B宏块使用具有与两个参考区域相关联的两个运动矢量的双预测运动补偿方案。
每个已解码的帧可用于未来的预测，非自然信号(artifact)传播和扩展是由于基于在先的已解码的帧来预测帧的事实。
考虑不可靠的双向传输信道上的视频流的压缩，在低延时和低带宽无线视频电话应用的情况下，问题在于优化视频传送，尤其是避免帧间视频非自然信号传播。
本发明尤其适合于无线视频电话应用，还可以适合于单播视频流。该方案的实现不复杂(与ARQ方案相比较)，并且可以减小严重影响可感知的视频质量的帧间非自然信号传播的问题。
用于处理视频非自然信号传播的常用方案是周期性地插入I宏块，因为来自先前的参考帧的错误宏块在预测方案中不使用。那么，帧间非自然信号传播就停止。该预测方法在压缩方面的效率不高。帧内宏块被插入得越频繁，防止帧间非自然信号传播的保护就越高，然而，由于帧内宏块需要大量的带宽，因此，压缩效率就越低。
错误宏块检测可以通过无线解码器在接收机侧进行，然后无线解码器向编码器发送请求，由编码器重发被请求的部分。该方法不符合视频电话应用中所需的低延时限制。一个关键点在于保持视频与实时音频同步(唇同步)，从而限制分配给自动重复请求(ARQ)机制的时间，并对重发的部分要求额外的带宽。当经历高比特误差率(BER)时，重发带宽过大，解码器需要多次请求重发。
为了避免使用基于错误的在先帧的帧间预测，现有技术中的另一个解决方案是根据如在H.263标准中描述的来自解码器的确认/非确认(Acknowledgement/Non-Acknowledgement)选择参考图像。
发明内容
本发明的目的是通过提出一种用于使用误差概率估计作为运动估计算法中的附加成本因子而在视频编码器和视频解码器之间通过无线双向信道传送视频流的方法来解决现有技术中的问题。
为此，根据第一个方面，本发明涉及一种用于在视频编码器和视频解码器之间通过无线双向信道传送视频流的方法，其中通过定义视频流的视频帧的分区来对视频帧进行编码，所述编码通过确定分区的预测来进行，预测基于：
-视频流的参考帧的至少一个参考区域；选择所述参考区域以使成本函数J最小化；
-与所述参考区域相关联的一个运动矢量；以及
-与所述参考区域相关联的加权因子；
其中，获得分区与对应的预测分区之间的差异以建立分区残量，具有分区残量的已编码的视频流被传输到视频解码器，以通过使用参考区域、运动矢量和加权因子对视频流的预测分区进行解码，视频帧的已解码的分区通过已解码的预测分区和对应的分区残量相结合而形成，已解码的分区的传输误差概率被反馈给视频编码器，所述传输误差概率与参考帧的已解码的分区相关联，并用在作为参考区域的已解码的分区的运动估计算法的成本函数中。
根据第二个方面，本发明涉及视频解码器，所述视频解码器包括：通过使用参考区域、运动矢量和加权因子对视频流的预测分区进行解码的装置；通过已解码的预测分区和对应的分区残量相结合而形成视频帧的已解码的分区的装置；以及将所述传输误差概率反馈给视频编码器的装置。
根据第三个方面，本发明涉及用于与视频解码器连接的无线解码器，所述无线解码器包括：根据对应的参考区域的传输的可靠性标准，基于无线解码计算传输误差概率的装置。
根据第四个方面，本发明涉及视频编码器，所述视频编码器包括：通过定义视频流的视频帧的分区来对视频帧进行编码的装置，所述编码通过确定分区的预测来进行，预测基于：
-视频流的参考帧的至少一个参考区域；选择所述参考区域以使成本函数J最小化；
-与所述参考区域相关联的一个运动矢量；以及
-与所述参考区域相关联的加权因子；所述视频编码器包括：利用传输误差概率计算成本函数的装置，所述传输误差概率与作为参考帧的已解码的分区相关联。
附图说明
在下面参照附图进行的描述中，本发明的其它方面和优点将变得明显。
图1表示在视频编码器和视频解码器之间进行双向无线视频流传输的简化结构。
具体实施方式
在视频电话应用中，两个相连的终端既是发射机T又是接收机Re，但为了简化技术方案，并未表现这一点。
根据本发明的用于通过无线信道传送视频流S的方法提出通过由视频编码器1定义视频流S的视频帧的分区来对视频帧进行编码。
在所描述的实施例中，视频编码根据H.264标准，尤其是根据H.264AVC1标准实现，每个分区是如在上述标准中定义的P或B宏块。
由于P宏块和B宏块使用预测运动补偿，因此，通过确定分区的预测M来进行编码，其中预测M基于：
-视频流的参考帧的至少一个参考区域；选择所述参考区域以使成本函数J最小化；
-与所述参考区域相关联的一个运动矢量；
-与所述参考区域相关联的加权因子。
此时，获得分区与对应的预测分区之间的差异，以建立分区残量。
视频编码器1将具有分区残量的已编码的视频流转发到无线编码器，接着无线编码器通过无线信道将其作为无线信号传输到无线解码器2。
具有分区残量的已编码的视频流被传输到视频解码器3，以通过使用参考区域、运动矢量和加权因子对视频流的预测分区M进行解码，视频帧的已解码的分区A通过已解码的预测分区和对应的分区残量相结合而形成。
成本函数J的最小化是运动估计的常用方法。通常，成本函数基于拉格朗日乘数以在编码运动矢量所需的比特率R和在预测分区M与对应的解码分区A之间的失真D之间权衡。
在成本函数J中结合已解码的分区A的传输误差概率PA可以通过减少甚至阻止帧间误差传播来改进用于下次传输的运动估计。
为此，已解码的分区A的传输误差概率PA根据可靠性标准，基于无线解码进行计算，并对固定数量的比特进行编码。
可靠性标准可以根据以下的任意一个确定：
-来自无线解码器的对数似然比；或者
-比特误差率估计器；或者
-简单的循环冗余校验码计算。
传输误差概率PA还可以基于已解码的预测分区上的视觉度量进行计算。
在更强大和/或更少限制的系统中，该传输误差概率可以更细致和/或可对每个像素或每个分区子部分进行计算，而不是每个分区。
传输误差概率PA被视频解码器3反馈给视频编码器1，所述传输误差概率用在作为参考区域的已解码的分区A的运动估计算法的成本函数J中。这样，可以选择在帧间误差传播和压缩效率之间进行权衡的参考帧的已解码的分区作为参考区域。
在成本函数中结合了已解码的分区A的传输误差概率PA的修改算法为：J＝D(M-A，PA)+λR，其中λ是拉格朗日乘数。运动估计算法选择使函数J最小化的已解码的分区A为参考区域。
因此，运动估计允许选择更少的参考错误的参考区域的运动矢量，从而衰减了帧间误差传播。
实际上，该概率在下一个帧编码的时间内被传送回编码器1(如果对前一帧进行了运动估计，导致最好的压缩效率)。

Claims (10)

1.用于在视频编码器和视频解码器之间通过双向无线信道传送视频流的方法，其中通过定义所述视频流的视频帧的分区来对所述视频帧进行编码，所述编码通过确定所述分区的预测(M)来执行，预测(M)基于：
-所述视频流的参考帧的至少一个参考区域；选择所述参考区域以使成本函数(J)最小化；
-与所述参考区域相关联的一个运动矢量；以及
-与所述参考区域相关联的加权因子；
其中，获得分区与对应的预测分区(M)之间的差异以建立分区残量；具有分区残量的已编码的视频流被传输到视频解码器，以通过使用所述参考区域、所述运动矢量和加权因子对所述视频流的预测分区(M)进行解码；所述视频帧的已解码的分区(A)由已解码的预测分区和对应的分区残量相结合而形成；
所述已解码的分区(A)的传输误差概率(PA)被反馈给所述视频编码器，所述传输误差概率用在作为参考区域的已解码的分区(A)的运动估计算法的成本函数(J)中。
2.根据权利要求1的方法，其中，所述视频编码根据H.264标准实现，特别是根据H.264 AVC1标准实现。
3.根据权利要求2的方法，其中，每个分区是在所述标准中定义的P宏块或者B宏块。
4.根据权利要求1-3的任意一项的方法，其中，基于传输的无线解码计算传输误差概率(PA)，所述计算根据已解码的分区(A)的传输的可靠性标准来进行。
5.根据权利要求4的方法，其中，可靠性标准根据以下的任意一项确定：
-来自无线解码器的对数似然比；或者
-比特误差率估计器；或者
-简单的循环冗余校验码计算。
6.根据权利要求4的方法，其中，基于已解码的预测分区上的视觉度量计算传输误差概率(PA)。
7.一种视频解码器，用于实现根据上述任意一项权利要求的方法，所述视频解码器包括：通过使用所述参考区域、所述运动矢量和加权因子对所述视频流的预测分区进行解码的装置；通过已解码的预测分区和对应的分区残量相结合而形成所述视频帧的已解码的分区(A)的装置；以及将所述传输误差概率(PA)反馈给所述视频编码器的装置。
8.根据权利要求7的视频解码器，还包括：基于已解码的预测分区上的视觉度量计算传输误差概率(PA)的装置。
9.一种无线解码器，用于与根据权利要求7的视频解码器连接，所述无线解码器包括：根据已解码的分区(A)的传输的可靠性标准，基于无线解码计算传输误差概率(PA)的装置。
10.一种视频编码器，用于实现根据上述任何一项权利要求的方法，所述视频编码器包括：通过定义所述视频流的视频帧的分区来对所述视频帧进行编码的装置，所述编码通过确定所述分区的预测(M)来执行，预测(M)基于：
-所述视频流的参考帧的至少一个参考区域；选择所述参考区域以使成本函数(J)最小化；
-与所述参考区域相关联的一个运动矢量；以及
-与所述参考区域相关联的加权因子；
所述视频编码器包括：利用传输误差概率(PA)计算成本函数(J)的装置，其中所述传输误差概率与作为参考区域的已解码的分区(A)相关联。
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