CN101481159B - Seawater electric desalting apparatus and method - Google Patents
Seawater electric desalting apparatus and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101481159B CN101481159B CN200810010176XA CN200810010176A CN101481159B CN 101481159 B CN101481159 B CN 101481159B CN 200810010176X A CN200810010176X A CN 200810010176XA CN 200810010176 A CN200810010176 A CN 200810010176A CN 101481159 B CN101481159 B CN 101481159B
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Abstract
The invention provides a low-energy consumption seawater electric desalter and a method capable of realizing energy recovery. The electric desalter comprises an electric collection cathode, an active carbon cathode, a permeable separation medium, an active carbon anode and an electric collection anode. The invention is characterized in that the absorption of double electric layers of active carbon electrodes is used to form the structural property of super capacitance. In charging and desalting processes, ions or granules with charges can be absorbed and concentrated on the active carbon electrodes in the electric desalter, and the inner chamber of the device can recover purified water or fresh water; in discharging and electrode regenerating processes, the ions or the granules with charges absorbed on the active carbon electrodes are desorbed and return to a solution system, and the achieved thick saltwater can be used for recovering the salt in brackish water or seawater. The electric desalter can be used for desalting seawater or brackish water or the purification and the metal recovery of the waste water containing ions. The invention can desalt the seawater or the brackish water to the fresh water with the Cl<-> concentration being less than or equal to 30 ppm, and the running cost for processing the water is less than or equal to 1 yuan per ton.
Description
Technical field
The invention provides a kind of less energy-consumption seawater electric desalting apparatus of novel realized energy recovery and the method that adopts this device to carry out sea water desalinization, this electric desalting apparatus can be used for seawater or brackish water desalination, or contains the purification and the metal recovery of ion waste water.
Technical background
Desalination method commonly used both at home and abroad at present mainly adopts distillation method, electrodialysis, ion-exchange, multilayer flash distillation, reverse osmosis etc.For seawater or the back two kinds of methods of the many employings of brackish water desalination.In the aforesaid method, electrodialytic advantage is easy to operate, is fit to handle high saliniferous water, belongs to thick demineralization plant, and shortcoming is that water consumes and power consumption is bigger, and its water inlet is had relatively high expectations; Ion-exchange is with packed bed or mix bed, belongs to traditional technology, and advantage is that facility investment is lower, shortcoming is the running cost height, need chemical regeneration to cause secondary pollution or need secondary-cleaned, operator are required high slightly, generally handle the not high waste water of salt concentration; Reverse osmosis (RO embrane method), on the Chinese market only about 10 years, as disclosed No. 200710017966.6 patent applications recently, adopt reverse osmosis membrane and device to carry out the treatment process of desalination exactly, seawater by self-cleaning filter, is carried out pre-treatment to ultra-filtration equipment, filter through supercharging and remove the molecule that may exist in the reverse osmosis system water inlet, promote the reverse osmosis unit intake pressure again, carry out desalting treatment; This method advantage is the level of automation height, 4.02 yuan/ton of ton processing costs, and clearance is higher than electrodialysis, and is easy to operate; Shortcoming is that investment is bigger, though running cost is low than electrodialysis, but still up to 4-5 degree electricity/ton water, and water inlet is had relatively high expectations, and need remove all particles greater than 1 micron; It is lower to get the water rate simultaneously, and per 2 to 3 tons of former water could prepare 1 to 2 ton of fresh water.Because the day of global fresh water is becoming tight, and further reduces the cost of seawater or landlocked brackish water desalination, has become the focus and the difficult point of world many countries research.
Summary of the invention
For solving the problem that exists in the above-mentioned technology, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of low cost, less energy-consumption, seawater electric desalting apparatus and technology that the seawater of non-secondary pollution or landlocked brackish water desalination are used.This technology has comprised the structure and the technology controlled variable of equipment.Present technique is equally applicable to reclaim the salt in brackish water or the seawater, or the metal ion in the metallic ore waste water, or is used to purify the waste water that some contain charged particle.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of seawater electric desalting apparatus of less energy-consumption of novel realized energy recovery.This electric desalting apparatus is the electrostatic double layer characterization of adsorption that utilizes the activated carbon electrodes uniqueness, formed the structural performance of super capacitor, in charging and demineralising process, ion or charged particle be on the activated carbon electrodes of adsorption and enrichment in this electric desalting apparatus, water behind the reclaiming clean or fresh water.In the process of discharge and electrode regeneration, ion or charged particle desorb from activated carbon electrodes, get back in the solution system, obtain strong brine.Apparatus of the present invention comprise negative and positive collector electrode [2,3], gac anodic-cathodic [2a3a], water inlet [4], water outlet [5] and concentrated solution outlet [6], it is characterized in that in electrical isolation desalination container [7], being provided with negative plate of forming by current collection negative electrode [2] activated carbon cathode [2a] and the positive plate of forming by gac anode [3a] collector electrode anode [3], lay separating medium thoroughly between negative plate and positive plate, the negative and positive collector electrode links with power positive cathode respectively.
Negative plate of apparatus of the present invention and the positive plate superimposed body for closely contacting separately disposes so that conductive contact layer is folded between current collection negative electrode [2] and the activated carbon cathode [2a]; Activated carbon cathode with thoroughly between the separating medium with the tight laminated configuration that contacts; Separating medium, gac anode [3a] and collecting anode [3] contact configuration by stacked successively thoroughly; The negative and positive collector electrode links with positive pole, the negative pole of direct supply respectively.Collector electrode can be that red copper, titanium, conductive polymers, graphite or any metal or non-metallic material that tolerate environment for use are made, connect and closely fix the special activated carbon electrodes of a same size to conduct electricity good mode on metal collector, what promptly use as activated carbon cathode and anode is that specific surface area is 1000～3000m
2The electrode special gac of/g.Separating medium is saturating film of organic resin class ion or inorganic separating medium thoroughly, inclined to one side tetrafluoroethylene, cellulose acetate film, polyvinyl formal, polyethylene, polypropylene-base organic resin film are arranged, inorganic separating medium is various common gacs, as bamboo charcoal, gasoline adsorbent charcoal, sugar charcoal, its specific surface area is answered≤1000m
2/ g, the gac of using as separating medium accounts for volumetrical 30～50% between two battery lead plates.Lay saturating film of ion or inorganic active charcoal separating medium between the superimposed carbon electrode on collector electrode, make in the process of charging, to help separating charged ion or particle.
The structure of apparatus of the present invention also is designed to: being integral the interior upper fixed that has water leg [9] container [7] two ends in its end with insulating vessel has back-up block [8], make the electrode grillage [1] that is contained in negative plate and positive plate top drive pole plate and on back-up block, do parallel moving, have water-in [4] on the inwall between water leg [9] the end back-up block [8], the both sides of container the other end bottom and middle part have condensed water outlet [6] and water outlet [5].The inhalent siphon of this device, water outlet and concentrated solution outlet all are connected with cloth hole water pipe, and be even to guarantee current; Inhalent siphon removes its periphery of top and is furnished with the water hole, and the pure water pipe that is positioned at the container middle part all has water distributing pore on every side, and the concentrated solution receipts water pipe that is positioned at the battery lead plate below has water distributing pore by electrode one side.
The method that employing apparatus of the present invention are carried out seawater electric desalting is as follows:
A) seawater or landlocked salt water are fed in the insulating vessel through water inlet, feeding and outflow flow velocity are by the water quality requirement control of ionic concn in the purification fresh water or water outlet;
B) voltage is transferred to make yin, yang ion isolation in the water, be as the criterion not carry out electrolytic reaction, voltage is adjusted according to the kind of distance between the two-plate and separating medium;
C) close or during the predefined full value of closing, cathode and anode is oppositely connected when the activated carbon electrodes adsorbed ion reaches full, continue feeding source water reuse carbon electrode simultaneously, make the ion that is adsorbed by desorb fully, the concentrated solution that obtains salt is done the salinization product use;
D) electric energy that stores of electrode absorption charging obtains when desorb 〉=90% recovery.
The wastewater treatment of the separation of electrically charged organic or inorganic material, desalination or metallic ore during the inventive method can be used for disposing of sewage, if be applied to sewage disposal, then the pollutent composition in the concentrated solution needs further advanced treatment (this moment, concentration of wastewater improved greatly, and the pending water yield significantly reduces) just can discharge.
The present invention compared with prior art has following unusual effect:
1, can make seawater or brackish water desalination to Cl
-The fresh water of≤30ppm.If landlocked brackish water, then its specific salt concn is less than national domestic fresh water standard.
2, the running cost for the treatment of water≤1 yuan/ton.
3, compare with electroosmose process with reverse osmosis method, energy consumption and investment significantly descend, and save the various chemical agents that clean film and electrode simultaneously.
The electrolytic reaction that produces when 4, avoiding using high-voltage, the inflammable danger that does not produce chlorine pollution or hydrogen.
Embodiment
In conjunction with the accompanying drawings the present invention is explained as follows:
1, the desalination container is to make slot electrode with the box of a rectangle of plastic plate manufacturing: long 60cm; Wide 30cm; High 20cm; Wherein the volume of box is changeable; The length determining dimensions can be according to handling how much adjusting of the water yield.Its material be to electrical isolation various plastics, stone material or on metal material the coating insulation layer get final product.
Referring to accompanying drawing, be integral with it near the end of insulation desalination container 7 and have water leg 9, pending seawater at first enters water leg 9 through a water distributor, the downside of pipe has water distributing pore, the diameter in hole and fresh water water flow are complementary, be beneficial to the even inflow of salt water, seawater is entered in the slot electrode desalination container by the water-in on the next door 4 by water leg 9.Interior upper fixed at the container two ends has back-up block 8, is contained in two electrode grillages 1 on the anodic-cathodic plate and places back-up block 8 upper edges, makes electrode grillage 1 drive negative plate and does parallel moving with positive plate on back-up block, adjusts the spacing of two pole plates; Both sides and middle part in container the other end bottom have condensed water outlet 6 and water outlet 5, water outlet 5 all is connected with cloth hole water pipe with condensed water outlet 6, the pure water pipe that is positioned at the container middle part all has water distributing pore on every side, and the concentrated solution pipe that is positioned at the battery lead plate below is by electrode one side band water distributing pore.
2, respectively hang the good graphite collector electrode of conduction of a block length 58cm (can be the group box of fritter, connect with metal between each piece), thick 1cm, high 19cm in the inboard, both sides of rectangle box.Connect and closely fix the special activated carbon electrodes of a same size to conduct electricity good mode on collector electrode, make between itself and the carbon electrode to have excellent conducting performance, the specific surface area of this carbon electrode special-purpose activated charcoal is 1000～3000m
2/ g.
3, two pole plates that are positioned at container inside are made negative plate and positive plate respectively, dispose so that conductive contact layer is folded between current collection negative electrode 2 in the negative plate and the activated carbon cathode 2a; Activated carbon cathode 2a with thoroughly between the separating medium with the tight laminated configuration that contacts; Separating medium, gac anode 3a and collecting anode 3 contact configuration by stacked successively thoroughly.The current collection negative electrode is connected with the positive pole of direct supply, and collecting anode is connected with power cathode.
4, but the inclined to one side tetrafluoroethylene of ion perviousness film is set in the middle of box, in the process of charging, helps to separate negative ions or particle.As select for use common gac to make separating medium, its specific surface area should be controlled at 1000m
2Below/the g, this gac accounts for volumetrical 30～50% between two battery lead plates.
5, establish a water distributor above in box one side and enter the about 5cm of water leg 9 length, the downside of pipe has water distributing pore, and the diameter in hole and fresh water water flow are complementary, and are beneficial to the even inflow of salt water.Establish one in the middle of the opposite side and purify the fresh water rising pipe.Groove two lateral electrodes below is provided with condensed water and receives water pipe, concentrates salt solution and flows out through exporting 6.
The method that employing apparatus of the present invention are carried out sea water desalinization is as follows:
1, begin seawater is constantly entered from water distributor, its flow velocity is as the criterion with the service requirements that ionic concn in the purifying waste water after purifying or effluent quality require to meet purification: to require be 30ppm to the chlorine root of fresh water during present technique was implemented, and inflow velocity is 16L/min.
2, voltage is transferred to make yin, yang ion isolation in the water then, be as the criterion not carry out electrolytic reaction; And can make till the desalination of groove intermediary water; Voltage control was between 0-3V during present technique was implemented, and the spacing of cathode-anode plate is adjusted at 250cm.
3, adjust water valve, fresh water is flowed out with the 16L/min flow velocity, condensed water can be discharged from the set receipts water pipe in groove two lateral electrodes below.
4, reach capacity or need the short circuit positive and negative electrode during predefined saturation value when the ion of activated carbon electrodes absorption, be about to the yin, yang plate and oppositely connect, to realize the regeneration of activated carbon electrodes.
5, predefined saturation value can be determined according to the kind of the negative ions that removes and the solubleness of formed salt thereof, to avoid producing undissolved salt deposit fouling electrode and ion diaphragm.
6, have influence on the quality of water outlet when the ionic concn of electrode absorption, maybe may cause the saturating demarcation membrane of activated carbon electrodes or ion contaminated, also need regeneration in time (determining of recovery time looked water-quality constituents and become according to the standard of being narrated in 4)
When 7, regenerating, the two poles of the earth short circuit or cathode and anode exchange are connected, continue feeding source water simultaneously, regenerate, and the salt after obtaining simultaneously to concentrate.Its residence time decides on electrode cleaning situation, should enough make the ion that is adsorbed by desorb fully, and obtain reclaiming.
8, the electric energy that stores can obtain when desorb 〉=90% recovery electrode when charging absorption.Realize the green desalination or the scavenging process of less energy-consumption.
If 9 are applied to sewage disposal, then the composition of the pollutent in the condensed water need further carry out advanced treatment, just can discharge.If be applied to the wastewater treatment of desalination or metallic ore, then spissated water can be made the purposes of other water or cook waters such as dirty salinization product.
10, water inlet and effluent quality index request are as follows in the invention process:
Table 1 influent quality
| Cl - | Ca 2+ | Mg 2+ | Total salt concentration |
| ≥680ppm | ≥300ppm | ≥50ppm | ≥1030 |
Table 2 effluent quality
| Cl - | Ca 2+ | Mg 2+ | Total salt concentration |
| ≤157ppm | ≤80ppm | ≤5ppm | ≤240 |
Handling ton water running comprehensive cost is: 0.5-1 unit.
China has 10 province's water resource of per capita to be lower than 500m
3Be the severe lack of water, particularly some cities, coastal and landlocked arid rich brackish water area seriously are limited by the Freshwater resources shortage, utilize seawater will produce far-reaching influence for coastal and landlocked arid rich brackish water area (for example Tarim Basin) future development on a large scale.Shortage of water resources seriously restricts the coastland socio-economic development.Become extremely serious problem in China's Economic development.
China has very long shoreline, and seawater resources are abundant, and to this inexhaustible big reservoir, we can not turn a blind eye to.Along with sea water desaltination science and technology is showing improvement or progress day by day, cost begins to reduce, and many water shortage problems that face are just being explored the area at new water source actively, also begin sight has been invested immense Open Sea ocean.Cutting down the consumption of energy is the problem that sea water desaltination can't be avoided.The present invention has solved the effect of cutting down the consumption of energy just can be applied to sea water desaltination, can be applied to the processing of sewage again.So applied range has extensive industrialized application prospect.
Claims (6)
1. seawater electric desalting apparatus, this device comprises negative and positive collector electrode [2,3], gac anodic-cathodic [2a 3a], water inlet [4], water outlet [5] and concentrated solution outlet [6], it is characterized in that in electrical isolation desalination container [7], being provided with negative plate of forming by current collection negative electrode [2] activated carbon cathode [2a] and the positive plate of forming by gac anode [3a] collector electrode anode [3], between negative plate and positive plate, lay separating medium thoroughly, the negative and positive collector electrode links with power positive cathode respectively, and described what use as the gac anode and cathode is that specific surface area is 1000～3000m
2The electrode special gac of/g.
2. according to the described seawater electric desalting apparatus of claim 1, it is characterized in that: a) dispose so that conductive contact layer is folded between current collection negative electrode [2] and the activated carbon cathode [2a]; B) activated carbon cathode with thoroughly between the separating medium with the tight laminated configuration that contacts; C) separating medium, gac anode [3a] and collecting anode [3] contact configuration by stacked successively thoroughly; D) the negative and positive collector electrode links with positive pole, the negative pole of direct supply respectively.
3. according to claim 1 or 2 described seawater electric desalting apparatus, it is characterized in that described separating medium thoroughly [8] is saturating film of organic resin class ion or inorganic separating medium, has inclined to one side tetrafluoroethylene, cellulose acetate film, polyvinyl formal, polyethylene, polypropylene-base organic resin film; Inorganic separating medium is various common gacs, and bamboo charcoal, gasoline adsorbent charcoal, sugar charcoal are arranged, and its specific surface area is answered≤1000m
2/ g, the gac of using as separating medium accounts for volumetrical 30～50% between two battery lead plates.
4. according to claim 1 or 2 described seawater electric desalting apparatus, it is characterized in that laying between the superimposed carbon electrode on collector electrode saturating film of ion or inorganic active charcoal separating medium.
5. according to the described seawater electric desalting apparatus of claim 1, it is characterized in that being integral and have water leg [9] in its end with insulating vessel, the interior upper fixed at container [7] two ends has back-up block [8], make the electrode grillage [1] that is contained in negative plate and positive plate top drive pole plate and on back-up block, do parallel moving, have water-in [4] on the inwall between water leg [9] the end back-up block [8], the both sides of container the other end bottom and middle part have condensed water outlet [6] and water outlet [5].
6. according to the described seawater electric desalting apparatus of claim 4, it is characterized in that inhalent siphon, water outlet [5] and concentrated solution outlet [6] all are connected with cloth hole water pipe, inhalent siphon removes its periphery of top and is evenly equipped with the water hole, the pure water pipe that is positioned at the container middle part all has water distributing pore on every side, and the concentrated solution receipts water pipe that is positioned at the battery lead plate below has water distributing pore by electrode one side.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014024110A1 (en) * | 2012-08-06 | 2014-02-13 | Segregation Of Metal System S.R.L. | Method and plant for the reduction of the concentration of pollutants and/or valuable elements in the water |
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Denomination of invention: Seawater electric desalting device and method Effective date of registration: 20200923 Granted publication date: 20110810 Pledgee: Chaoyang bank Limited by Share Ltd. Pledgor: CHAOYANG SHENYUAN ACTIVE CARBON Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2020990001161 |