CN101476787B - Automatic sun-tracing method and system for solar heat collector - Google Patents
Automatic sun-tracing method and system for solar heat collector Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention provides a method and a system for automatically tracking sun for solar heat collectors. The system comprises an intelligent control unit, a two-quadrant photoelectric detector, a signal conditioning-amplifying circuit, an electronic control module, a servo motor, a speed reducer and a slot-type paraboloid reflecting mirror. The electronic control module provides corresponding working signal instructions for the servo motor and a brake device, and drives the slot-type paraboloid reflecting mirror to be in alignment with the sun. The invention performs closed-loop feedback-type control by taking clock program control as a main means and taking the real-time contrasting and monitoring of the two-quadrant photoelectric detector as an auxiliary means, so as to obtain stable reliable sun-tracking control effect. The invention replaces the prior oil pressure mode with a mechanical transmission mode, allows a heat collector to be more stable to rotate and position in the process of tracking light, and cannot be disturbed by external factors. In addition, as the invention does not need oil pressure stations, the invention saves construction input and is more convenient in construction.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of solar thermal collector automatic sun-tracing technical field, refer in particular to the control and the mechanical driving device of a kind of trough type solar heat-collector one dimension automatic sun-tracing system.
Background technology
Along with making rapid progress of science and technology, many energy constantly are developed application, and wherein a kind of especially energy of taking not to the utmost that is close to of solar energy, it more and more receives the concern of current society, and then becomes the emerging energy technical field of following focus development.
The tradition solar thermal collector is to adopt fixed thermal-arrest mode, because of " cosine effect ", it is subjected to light thermal-arrest plate only to reach the highest percentage of possible sunshine in section sometime between sunshine period, all the other times then can't be collected luminous energy at sunshine effectively, make the luminous energy collection rate of all day not high, therefore, how to improve the luminous energy collection rate and become the problem that the dealer will demand improvement from now on urgently thereupon.
Groove type solar heat utilization system utilizes the groove type paraboloid condenser mirror to become a line to heat working media in the thermal-collecting tube solar light focusing, thermal medium and water carry out heat exchange generation superheated steam then, the generating of driving steam engine, usually adopting 100 to 150 meters long 100KWe is the heat collector of unit, form parallel array by being added with, reach the generating capacity of design.As concentrating collector, trough type solar heat-collector must carry out solar energy automatic tracking, along with the skew of sunshine, makes focusing on the line style thermal-collecting tube that the sunshine of slot type parabolic reflector can be synchronous, and satisfy certain focus tracking precision, otherwise can't thermal-arrest.
Now, industry provides various solar thermal collector sun tracking system, for example can consult Chinese patent application CN1734206 number, the disclosed corresponding data of CN101067520A; In addition, how making aspect, thermal-arrest plate rotation/location in the heat collector stable also is the problem of the essential solution of present dealer institute.
The characteristics of groove type solar collecting system maximum are only to need the one dimension solar tracking, make its control and solar tracking driving cost lower than the tower of necessary multidimensional solar tracking or disc type solar energy heat collector, and generally are to utilize hydraulic system to drive.Yet there is certain defective by hydraulic means, as setting up large-scale oil pressure station earlier, its expenditure of construction is big, and the flexible oil compression rod in the hydraulic means can be because of the intrusion of dust storm and dust, cause oil hydraulic system control inaccuracy phenomenon to take place, in case moreover oil pressure has slightly a bit reveals that also can directly to have influence on the location unstable, as the external force of wind-force will be subjected to displacement under disturbing, so bring puzzlement to the system's enforcement of following spot.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the existing disappearance of above-mentioned prior art, main purpose is to provide a kind of method and system of solar thermal collector automatic sun-tracing, the control and the mechanical driving device of one dimension automatic sun-tracing of the present invention system, both can accomplish accurate solar tracking, can guarantee effectively again that concentrator rotated/fixing stability in the solar tracking process.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose, the present invention takes following technical scheme:
Implement a kind of method of solar thermal collector automatic sun-tracing, described method comprises the steps:
A., rotating groove type paraboloid speculum at first is set, the position that solar thermal collector is set is arranged in the groove;
B., one intelligent control unit is set then, and described intelligent control unit comprises a solar tracking control module, and described solar tracking control module calculates the real-time angle that the groove type paraboloid speculum points to the sun;
C., a two quadrant photoelectric detector is set again, detects sunray in real time, regulate the deviation of revising solar tracking real-time angle that control module is calculated with this by the two quadrant photoelectric detector;
D. intelligent control unit is connected an electronic control module again, this electronic control module is connected with mechanical transmission mechanism, drives the slot type parabolic mirror and aims at the sun.
In the said method, described solar tracking control module comprises a clock program controling module, and described timing routine control module is controlled the motion of mechanical transmission mechanism by the solar motion rule of calculating.
In the said method, the two quadrant photoelectric detector detects sunray in real time among the described step c, then signal is outputed to signal condition and amplifying circuit: described signal condition and amplifying circuit amplify the small-signal of two quadrant photoelectric detector, and change into 0～5V signal, send into A/D converter and handle.
In the said method, among the described step b, the timing routine control module with month information, date and time information, clock information deliver to intelligent control unit;
In the said method, also comprise sun track in a season module in the described intelligent control unit, in described step b, described sun track in season module is fetched month information from intelligent control unit, according to the difference of track of sun throughout the year, output parameter in season participates in computing to intelligent control unit.
In the said method, described electronic control module can be PLC electronic control module or single-chip microcomputer electronic control module; The working signal instruction that described electronic control module is transmitted in mechanical transmission mechanism is the instruction of control servomotor, brake start-stop.
Manufacture and design a kind of system of solar thermal collector automatic sun-tracing according to said method, described system comprises the groove type paraboloid speculum, and the position that solar thermal collector is set is arranged in the groove, and described system also comprises:
One mechanical transmission mechanism,
One intelligent control unit,
A two quadrant photoelectric detector,
One electronic control module,
Described intelligent control unit comprises a solar tracking control module and is connected the two quadrant photoelectric detector that described intelligent control unit also connects electronic control module, described electronic control module connection mechanical transmission mechanism, described mechanical transmission mechanism driving slot type parabolic mirror.
In the said system, described mechanical transmission mechanism comprises servomotor, decelerator, brake, groove type paraboloid mirror deflection gear; The travelling gear engagement of described groove type paraboloid mirror deflection gear and decelerator; Brake comprises solenoid band-type brake mode, and the brake wheel of this brake and above-mentioned groove type paraboloid mirror deflection gear all are set on the same rotary main shaft.
In the said system, decelerator is formed by high speed shaft, idler gear and slow-speed shaft engagement successively, this slow-speed shaft and travelling gear engagement, and high speed shaft then meshes with shaft coupling.
In the said system, brake comprises a pedestal, the control lever of two expansible/closures is installed on this pedestal, wherein the outside of a control lever is provided with electromagnetic coil assembly, between two control levers, has a spring assembly, and the inboard of two control levers respectively is fixed with a band-type brake sheet, and this band-type brake sheet is located at the brake wheel periphery.
The present invention compared with prior art, its great advantage is to have guaranteed accurate solar tracking control, the present invention is controlled to be the master with timing routine, adopt sensor to monitor " closed loop " control mode of making feedback in real time, this control mode has been carried out the accumulated error correction to time-program(me), makes it can both obtain under any weather conditions stable and tracking control reliably.And, replace the prior oil pressure mode by mechanical drive mode, make concentrator in the process of following spot, rotates/fixedly have more preferable stability, and be not subjected to its work of interference of extraneous factor, the while need not be built large-scale oil pressure station, makes it to drop into little, helps constructing.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the embedded program operating procedure of an intelligent control unit block diagram in the method and system of solar thermal collector automatic sun-tracing of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a photoelectric detection part functional-block diagram in the method and system of solar thermal collector automatic sun-tracing of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the whole mechanical schematic of the method and system of solar thermal collector automatic sun-tracing of the present invention;
Fig. 4 adds in the method and system of solar thermal collector automatic sun-tracing of Fig. 3 of the present invention that A is to the schematic side view of 90 ° of dextrorotation behind the solar panel;
Fig. 5 is a simple and easy electrical connection principle schematic of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the left-handed 90 ° schematic side view of the B-B of Fig. 3 of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is a timing routine control module functional-block diagram in the method and system of solar thermal collector automatic sun-tracing of the present invention.
The drawing reference numeral explanation:
1, servomotor
2, decelerator 21, shaft coupling 22, high speed shaft 23, idler gear 24, slow-speed shaft 25, travelling gear
3, deflection gears
4, brake 41, pedestal 42,42 ', control lever 43, electromagnetic coil assembly 44, spring assembly 45, band-type brake sheet 46, brake wheel
5, electronic control module
6, solar panel support bar
7, groove type paraboloid speculum 71, solar panel 72, thermal-collecting tube support 73, thermal-collecting tube
8, rotary main shaft
9, electronic clock timer
10, two quadrant photoelectric detector
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing and the specific embodiment the present invention is further described.
See also Fig. 1～shown in Figure 7:
Implement a kind of method of solar thermal collector automatic sun-tracing, described method comprises the steps:
A., rotating groove type paraboloid speculum 7 at first is set, the position that solar thermal collector 73 is set is arranged in the groove;
B., one intelligent control unit 120 is set then, and described intelligent control unit 120 comprises a solar tracking control module, and described solar tracking control module calculates the real-time angle that groove type paraboloid speculum 7 points to the sun;
C., a two quadrant photoelectric detector 10 is set again, detects sunray in real time, regulate the deviation of revising solar tracking real-time angle that control module is calculated with this by two quadrant photoelectric detector 10;
D. intelligent control unit 120 is connected again an electronic control module 5, this electronic control module 5 is connected with mechanical transmission mechanism, drives slot type parabolic mirror 7 and aims at the sun.
Described solar tracking control module comprises a clock program controling module 100, and described timing routine control module 100 is controlled the motion of mechanical transmission mechanism by the solar motion rule of calculating.
Two quadrant Photoelectric Detection 10 devices detect sunray in real time among the described step c, then signal is outputed to signal condition and amplifying circuit 11: the small-signal of described signal condition and 11 pairs of two quadrant photoelectric detectors 10 of amplifying circuit is amplified, and change into 0～5V signal, sending into A/D converter 12 handles, signal after the processing is input to intelligent control unit 120, and the signal synthesis of 120 pairs of timing routine control modules 100 of intelligent control unit and A/D converter 12 is handled.
Among the described step b, timing routine control module 100 with month information, date and time information, clock information deliver to intelligent control unit 120;
Also comprise sun track in a season module in the described intelligent control unit 120, fetch month information in the track in season of the sun described in described step b module from intelligent control unit 120, according to the difference of track of sun throughout the year, output parameter in season is to intelligent control unit 120.
Described electronic control module 5 can be PLC electronic control module or single-chip microcomputer electronic control module; The working signal instruction that described electronic control module 5 is transmitted in mechanical transmission mechanism is the instruction of control servomotor 1, brake 4 start-stops.
According to said method, the system of a kind of solar thermal collector automatic sun-tracing of processing and manufacturing, described system comprises groove type paraboloid speculum 7, and the position that solar thermal collector 73 is set is arranged in the groove, especially, described system also comprises:
One mechanical transmission mechanism,
One intelligent control unit 120,
A two quadrant photoelectric detector 10,
One electronic control module 5,
Described intelligent control unit 120 comprises a solar tracking control module and is connected two quadrant photoelectric detector 10, described intelligent control unit 120 connects electronic control module 5, described electronic control module 5 connects mechanical transmission mechanism, and described mechanical transmission mechanism drives slot type parabolic mirror 7.
Described mechanical transmission mechanism comprises servomotor 1, decelerator 21, brake 4, groove type paraboloid mirror deflection gear 3; Described groove type paraboloid mirror deflection gear 3 meshes with the travelling gear of decelerator 2; Brake 4 operation principles comprise solenoid band-type brake mode, and the brake wheel of this brake 4 and above-mentioned groove type paraboloid mirror deflection gear all are set on the same rotary main shaft.
Above-mentioned brake 4 comprises a pedestal 41, the control lever 42,42 ' of two expansible/closures is installed on this pedestal 41, wherein the outside of a control lever is provided with electromagnetic coil assembly 43, between two control levers, has a spring assembly 44, and the inboard of two control levers respectively is fixed with a band-type brake sheet 45, and this band-type brake sheet is located at brake wheel 46 peripheries.
As shown in Figure 3, servomotor 1 can be stepper motor; It is used to drive decelerator 2 work.
Deflection gears 3, it is in order to impelling the design of groove type paraboloid speculum 7 deflections, travelling gear 25 engagements of itself and decelerator 2, and then can under the control of travelling gear 25, carry out rotation work; Be fixed with solar panel support bar 6 on this shaft gear 3, this solar panel support bar 6 supports slot type parabolic mirror 7, as can be seen from the figure, this groove type paraboloid speculum 7 can be to be made of jointly parabolic concentrator plate 71, thermal-collecting tube support 72 and thermal-collecting tube 73.
Wherein, this brake 4 comprises a pedestal 41, the control lever 42,42 ' of two expansible/closures is installed on this pedestal 41, wherein the outside of a control lever 42 is provided with electromagnetic coil assembly 43, be positioned between two control levers 42,42 ' and have a spring assembly 44, and two control levers 42,42 ' inboard respectively are fixed with a band-type brake sheet 45, and this band-type brake sheet 45 is located at brake wheel 46 peripheries, and this brake wheel 46 all is set on the same rotary main shaft 8 with above-mentioned shaft gear 3;
As Fig. 5, shown in Figure 7, electronic control module 5 can be selected PLC for use, and this PLC electronic control module 5 electrically connects with above-mentioned servomotor 1, brake 4, is used for providing the corresponding working signal instruction to servomotor 1, brake 4.
As shown in Figure 5, best, two quadrant photoelectric detector 10, there are two groups, in the middle of being arranged in parallel a shadows cast by the sun bar arranged, be used for producing contrast illumination resistance, after contrast, revise defection signal for 5 one of electronic control module, electronic control module 5 is sent instruction, accurate solar tracking orientation angle of servomotor 1 rotation.
See Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 5 again:
The present invention is primarily aimed at the one dimension solar tracking control of trough type solar heat-collector and drives.
At first, embedded default computer program in the intelligent control unit 120, one of embodiment can insert the IC of the program of having cured.Through calculating, the solar panel 71 of control slot type parabolic mirror 7 carries out timesharing and accurate timing turns over an angle.After the clock main regulation, adopt the two quadrant Photoelectric Detection again, two quadrant photoelectric detector 10 is that rigidity is connected with groove type paraboloid speculum 7, the light of two quadrant photoelectric detector 10 is followed the tracks of the tracking that has promptly reflected groove type paraboloid speculum 7, in when, between sunray and the solar panel relative tilt taking place when, two quadrant photoelectric detector 10 output photosignals, signal is sent into intelligent control unit 120 again through conditioning, amplification and A/D conversion; The deviation signal of 120 pairs of inputs of intelligent control unit is analyzed comparison and processing, controls the drive motors running then, adjusts the angle of two quadrant photoelectric detector 10, makes two quadrant photoelectric detector 10 aim at the sun.Thereby eliminate the accumulated error of clock control, realize groove type paraboloid speculum 7 can be accurately, from the purpose of the motion tracking sun.The invention belongs to the uniaxiality tracking principle, by comparing the power of all directions light signal, drive motors rotates, and adjusts the direction of Salar light-gathering groove type paraboloid speculum, makes groove type paraboloid speculum 7 all the time over against the sun, and sunlight accumulates on the thermal-collecting tube fully.
As Fig. 3-shown in Figure 6, drive part, the principle that solar panel 71 rotates is that PLC electronic control module 5 gives solenoid band brake type brake 4 one signal of telecommunication instructions earlier, two control levers 42,42 ' were opened after its electromagnetic coil assembly 43 was powered on, this moment, spring assembly 44 was compressive state, and then band-type brake sheet 45 opens, and promptly no longer limits brake wheel 46 and rotates; The PLC electronic control module 5 corresponding servomotors 1 of also can giving send the instruction of deflection angle after brake 4 work, this servomotor 1 turns over a default angle, travelling gear 25 by decelerator 2 drives shaft gear 3 rotations, after further drive solar panel support bar 6 turns over a needed angle by shaft gear 3 again, servomotor 1 stops operating, meanwhile PLC electronic control module 5 provides the signal of telecommunication of brake 4, make electromagnetic coil assembly 43 outages of brake 4, two control levers 42,42 ' closure, spring assembly 44 opens, so band-type brake sheet 45 closures are held brake wheel 46 tightly, event is coaxial with shaft gear 3 because of brake wheel 46, and brake wheel 46 is coaxial affixed with support bar 6, so can be under servomotor 1 idle situation, guarantor's folding solar panel 71 is not subjected to outer disturbing factor and swings, and reaches locating effect.
Design focal point of the present invention is that the employing sensor is monitored " closed loop " control mode of making feedback in real time by being controlled to be the master with timing routine, obtains stable and the tracking of solar tracking reliably control.And mechanical drive mode replaces the prior oil pressure mode, make concentrator in the process of following spot, rotates/fixedly have more preferable stability, and be not subjected to its work of interference of extraneous factor, the while need not be built large-scale oil pressure station, makes it to drop into little, helps constructing.
As shown in Figure 1, program embedded in the intelligent control unit 120 is after energising, carry out the initialization setting, enter the main program operation then, at S1, intelligent control unit 120 is fetched information data from timing routine control module 100, at S2, gather the photosignal information data then, afterwards these two parts data are carried out comprehensive operational analysis, this is step S3, whether draw the operational analysis result afterwards, looking at needs groove type paraboloid speculum 7 is made angle adjustment, and this is one and selects step S4, next, be that another selects step S5, selection is toward the positive direction adjustment, still toward the negative direction adjustment, because in the morning of every day, all will return groove type paraboloid speculum 7 from the big adjustment of angle of last night.So this adjustment has positive and negative branch.
It is step S6 that mechanical transmission mechanism is just changeing, and counter-rotating is step S7.Program is got back to the porch of main program then, carries out new round control.
With reference to Fig. 2, when the sunray energy is sufficient, at step S21, two quadrant photoelectric detector 10 detects the irradiation of light, if groove type paraboloid speculum 7 has been aimed at the sun at this moment, then two contrast signals of two quadrant photoelectric detector 10 outputs are equivalent, or signal difference is very little, at step S22, even if the signal condition amplifying circuit amplifies, signal after the amplification does not also surpass the threshold value of regulation, changes even this analog signal is sent to the A/D converter of step S23, and intelligent control unit 120 can not made the decision that will adjust groove type paraboloid speculum 7 yet.
Therefore, the electronic control module 5 of step S24 is not just taken no action yet, and maintains the statusquo.The servomotor of step 25 is transfixion also, and groove type paraboloid speculum 7 keeps original attitude.
The present invention is provided with sun track in a season module in intelligent control unit 120, described sun track in season module is fetched month information from intelligent control unit 120, and according to the difference of track of sun throughout the year, output parameter in season is to intelligent control unit 120.
Next with intelligent control unit 120 with clock information, season parameter carry out computing, make the deflection data of current solar energy collectors.
In one day the morning, if overcast, light is very dark, the information data that intelligent control unit 120 meetings are sent here according to timing routine control module 100, determine 7 of groove type paraboloid speculums should the position, and every interval certain hour: for example between 3 minutes to 15 minutes, adjust the angle position of a groove type paraboloid speculum 7, the present invention there is no need the groove type paraboloid of the adjustment prosaically speculum 7 of per minute per second, so also can cause the waste of the energy.
In one embodiment, described intelligent control unit 120 external display screens 111, the moon of display screen 11 read clock program controling modules 100, day, hour information.
In the above-described embodiments, display screen 111 shown in Figure 7 shows minute information and year information; Described intelligent control unit 120 can also connect a keyboard 112, by 112 alignment times of keyboard.
In the above-described embodiments, described servomotor 1 can be selected for use: stepper motor, servomotor, common DC motor, common alternating current generator.
The above, it only is the preferred embodiment of the full-automatic sun tracking system of a kind of trough type solar heat-collector of the present invention, be not that technical scope of the present invention is imposed any restrictions, so every foundation technical spirit of the present invention all still belongs in the scope of technical solution of the present invention any trickle modification, equivalent variations and modification that above embodiment did.
Claims (6)
1. the method for a solar thermal collector automatic sun-tracing is characterized in that, described method comprises the steps:
A., rotating groove type paraboloid speculum at first is set, the position that solar thermal collector is set is arranged in the groove;
B., one intelligent control unit is set then, and described intelligent control unit comprises a solar tracking control module, and described solar tracking control module calculates the real-time angle that the groove type paraboloid speculum points to the sun;
C., a two quadrant photoelectric detector is set again, detects sunray in real time, regulate the deviation of revising solar tracking real-time angle that control module is calculated with this by the two quadrant photoelectric detector;
D. intelligent control unit is connected an electronic control module again, this electronic control module is connected with mechanical transmission mechanism, drives the slot type parabolic mirror and aims at the sun.
2. the method for solar thermal collector automatic sun-tracing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described solar tracking control module comprises a clock program controling module, and described timing routine control module is controlled the motion of mechanical transmission mechanism by the solar motion rule of calculating.
3. the method for solar thermal collector automatic sun-tracing according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
The two quadrant photoelectric detector detects sunray in real time among the described step c, then signal is outputed to signal condition and amplifying circuit: described signal condition and amplifying circuit amplify the small-signal of two quadrant photoelectric detector, and change into 0～5V signal, send into A/D converter and handle.
4. the method for solar thermal collector automatic sun-tracing according to claim 2 is characterized in that:
Among the described step b, the timing routine control module with month information, date and time information, clock information deliver to intelligent control unit.
5. the method for solar thermal collector automatic sun-tracing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: also comprise sun track in a season module in the described intelligent control unit, fetch month information in the track in season of the sun described in described step b module from intelligent control unit, according to the difference of track of sun throughout the year, output parameter in season is to intelligent control unit.
6. the method for solar thermal collector automatic sun-tracing according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described electronic control module comprises PLC electronic control module or single-chip microcomputer electronic control module;
The working signal instruction that described electronic control module is transmitted in mechanical transmission mechanism is the instruction of control servomotor, brake start-stop.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2009101049917A CN101476787B (en) | 2009-01-13 | 2009-01-13 | Automatic sun-tracing method and system for solar heat collector |
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| CN2009101049917A CN101476787B (en) | 2009-01-13 | 2009-01-13 | Automatic sun-tracing method and system for solar heat collector |
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| CN101476787B true CN101476787B (en) | 2010-08-11 |
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| CN103968576A (en) * | 2014-05-22 | 2014-08-06 | 成都博昱新能源有限公司 | Sun tracking system for groove type solar thermal collector |
| CN106440420B (en) * | 2016-09-22 | 2019-08-16 | 上海电力学院 | A kind of mixing control formula solar tracking apparatus |
| CN111293965A (en) * | 2020-01-22 | 2020-06-16 | 中国电建集团中南勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Photovoltaic system's location locking device |
-
2009
- 2009-01-13 CN CN2009101049917A patent/CN101476787B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101982655A (en) * | 2010-11-03 | 2011-03-02 | 天津市欧曼液压装备系统工程有限公司 | Proportional and hydraulic tracking system for trough solar thermal power generating condenser |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101476787A (en) | 2009-07-08 |
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