CN101474419A - 一种净化有害气体的复合催化触媒材料 - Google Patents
一种净化有害气体的复合催化触媒材料 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
污染物名称 | 特性 | 主要危害 | 主要来源 |
甲醛 | 无色,具有刺激性气味 | 甲醛是污染室内环境的主要污染物,被称为室内污染“第一杀手”,释放期长达3~15年,可经呼吸道吸收,对人体的危害具长期性、潜伏性、隐蔽性的特点,已经被世界卫生组织确定为致癌和致畸形物质。室内空气中甲醛浓度达到0.06—0.07mg/m3时,儿童就会发生轻微气喘;达到0.1mg/m3时,就有异味和不适感;达到0.5mg/m3时,可刺激眼睛,引起流泪;达到0.6mg/m3,可引起咽喉不适或疼痛;浓度更高时,可引进恶心呕吐,咳嗽胸闷,气喘甚至肺水肿;达到30mg/m3时,会立即致人死亡。长期接触低剂量甲醛可引起慢性呼吸道疾病,引起鼻咽癌、结肠癌、脑瘤、妊娠综合症、引起新生儿染色体异常、白血病。 | 人造板材、人造板材家具、涂料、胶水类及壁纸、地毯等大量使用粘合剂的环节。 |
苯系物 | 无色,具有特殊芳香味 | 俗称“芳香杀手”,使中枢神经系统麻醉作用;可抑制人体造血功能,使红血球、白血球、血小板减少,导致再生障碍性贫血和白血病的事实已被医学界普遍公认,于1993年被世界卫生组织确定其为强致癌物质。 | 合成纤维、油漆、各种油漆涂料的添加剂和稀释剂、各种溶剂型胶粘剂、防水材料。 |
氨 | 无色,具有强烈刺激性气体 | 对眼、喉、上呼吸道有强烈的刺激作用,可通过皮肤及呼吸道引起中毒,破坏运氧功能,减弱人体对疾病的抵抗力。引发充血、分泌物增多、肺水肿、支气管炎、皮炎,可伴有头晕、头痛、恶心、呕吐、乏力等,严重可发生肺水肿、成人呼吸窘迫综合症。 | 建筑施工中使用的混凝土抗冻添加剂,防火板中的阻燃剂等。 |
TVOC | 无色、具有刺激性挥发有机物 | 具有毒性、刺激性,引起机体免疫水平失调,影响中枢神经系统功能,出现头晕、头痛、嗜睡、无力、胸闷等症状,还可能影响消化系统,出现食欲不振、恶心等,严重时可损伤肝脏和造血系统,甚至引起死亡。 | 燃烧产物、吸烟、采暖和烹调等的烟雾及清洁剂、芳香剂和建筑材料和装饰、人体本身的排放等。 |
产品名称 | 对挥发性有机物 | 对各种细菌霉菌 | 对臭味异味 | 本身气味 | 本身毒性 |
活性炭 | 有一定作用 | 无作用 | 有一定作用 | 无气味 | 无 |
空气清新剂 | 无作用 | 无作用 | 有掩盖气味作用 | 有各种人造气味 | 有低毒性 |
甲醛清除剂 | 只对甲醛有作用 | 无作用 | 只能对甲醛的异味有作用 | 有异味 | 有低毒性 |
杀菌剂 | 无作用 | 有作用 | 无作用 | 有异味 | 毒性较大 |
紫外线(灯) | 无作用 | 有作用 | 无作用 | 无气味 | 长期使用可致癌 |
氧负离子 | 无作用 | 无作用 | 可清新空气但时间短暂 | 无气味 | 无毒 |
臭氧 | 有一定作用 | 浓度>0.1PPM时有作用 | 无作用 | 浓度>0.15PPM时有臭味 | 可致癌 |
植物吸附 | 作用很小 | 无作用 | 有一定作用 | 气味宜人 | 无毒 |
复合触媒 | 彻底分解清除 | 杀菌高达99.99% | 除臭、除异味能力强 | 本身无气味 | 无毒 |
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