CN101464524B - Ultrasonic self-calibration high-precision rain gauge - Google Patents
Ultrasonic self-calibration high-precision rain gauge Download PDFInfo
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- CN101464524B CN101464524B CN2009100365743A CN200910036574A CN101464524B CN 101464524 B CN101464524 B CN 101464524B CN 2009100365743 A CN2009100365743 A CN 2009100365743A CN 200910036574 A CN200910036574 A CN 200910036574A CN 101464524 B CN101464524 B CN 101464524B
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Abstract
The invention relates to an ultrasonic type self-calibrating high-accuracy udometer which comprises a rainfall bucket, an ultrasonic transducer, a correction measuring tool, a drainage system and a controller. The correction measuring tool is arranged in the rainfall bucket; the transducer is placed at the bottom part of the rainfall bucket and under the correction measuring tool; and the drainage system comprises a drain valve arranged at the bottom part of the rainfall bucket. The controller comprises a CPU; the CPU is used for transmitting an ultrasonic wave through an emission output circuit exciting transducer; and the ultrasonic wave is vertically transmitted to and reflected by the surface of the correction measuring tool, received by the transducer, and input into the CPU for data processing through a receiving input circuit; and the ultrasonic wave is vertically transmitted to and reflected by the surface of rainwater collected in the rainfall bucket, received by the transducer and input into the CPU for data processing through the receiving input circuit. Through respectively detecting the transmitting and the receiving time from the ultrasonic wave to the correction measuring tool and the transmitting and the receiving time from the ultrasonic wave to the surface of the rainwater collected in the rainfall bucket, the invention can accurately detect the surface height of the rainwater in the rainfall bucket, thereby accurately detecting the rainfall. The invention further provides a rainfall measuring method.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of ultrasonic self-calibration high-precision rain gauge and measuring method thereof that is used for light rain, moderate rain, heavy rain, the measurement of heavy rain rainfall amount.
Background technology:
In the prior art, rainfall measurement mainly contains tipping bucket type and hydrocone type.Tipping bucket type is simple in structure, but that precision is influenced by the raininess size is bigger, and when heavy rain or heavy rain, error is bigger; And its mechanical transmission structure influences its life-span, needs periodic maintenance.Hydrocone type has certain precision, but is mainly used in on-the-spot reading, is unfavorable for the remote data transmission; Structure too complexity is unfavorable for installing, safeguarding; Free of losses rainfall observation range is little.
Simultaneously, rainfall measurement mainly contains following two big characteristics:
◆ the accuracy requirement height.By national rainfall amount code requirement, rainfall measurement answers per minute to report once, i.e. raininess: the rainfall amount of per minute.Precision is not high, can cause the sizable error of year, month, day accumulative total rainfall.Error is too big, will lose the meaning of rainfall measurement.
◆ work under bad environment: vital areas such as mountain area, reservoir area are mainly field environment.
Therefore for rainfall measurement equipment following demand is arranged:
◆ the precision height
◆ easy for installation, the user is easy to use
◆ manual intervention is few, data energy remote transmission, automated procedures height
◆ antijamming capability is strong, adapts to the field work environment
◆ stable performance, the non-fault non-stop run time is long, safeguards few
◆ free of losses rainfall observation range is big.
According to the actual conditions of rainfall measurement, current two kinds of main rainfall measurement modes all can not satisfy the requirement of rainfall measurement.
Summary of the invention:
Purpose of the present invention overcomes the deficiencies in the prior art exactly, provides that a kind of precision height, stable performance, antijamming capability are strong, simple in structure, easy for installation, the ultrasonic self-calibration high-precision rain gauge and the measuring method thereof of low-power consumption.
For achieving the above object, a scheme of the present invention provides a kind of ultrasonic self-calibration high-precision rain gauge, comprise the rainfall bucket, key is: also comprise ultrasonic transducer, proofread and correct measurer, unwatering system and controller, proofread and correct measurer and be located in the rainfall bucket, transducer places the bottom in the rainfall bucket, proofreaies and correct the below of measurer, unwatering system comprises the valve of controlling draining, is located at the bottom of rainfall bucket.
Above-mentioned controller comprises microprocessor CPU, the emission output circuit, receive input circuit, data storage circuitry, valve driving circuit and power circuit, microprocessor CPU drives valve working through valve driving circuit, microprocessor CPU is by emission output circuit excitation transducers transmit ultrasonic waves, the ultrasound wave vertical transmission is to proofreading and correct the measurer surface reflection and being changed into electric signal by the transducer reception, carry out data processing through receiving input circuit input microprocessor CPU again, the ultrasound wave vertical transmission receives to the rainwater surface reflection of rainfall bucket gathering and by transducer and changes into electric signal, carry out data processing through receiving input circuit input microprocessor CPU again, microprocessor CPU is stored data through data storage circuitry, and power circuit provides required power supply to the each several part circuit.
In one embodiment, above-mentioned ultrasonic transducer is provided with two, use transducer for proofreading and correct for one, place the correction measurer under, proofread and correct transducers transmit ultrasonic waves to proofreading and correct the measurer surface, and receive the ultrasound wave that reflects, and another uses transducer for measuring, and the transducer transmission frequency is identical with proofreading and correct, be in same surface level, depart from the correction measurer, measurement transducer is launched ultrasound wave to the rainwater surface that the rainfall bucket is assembled, and receives the ultrasound wave that reflects.Described correction measurer can be for reflecting the wide corrosion resistant plate of proofreading and correct transducers transmit ultrasonic waves fully.
In another embodiment, above-mentioned ultrasonic transducer is provided with one, this transducer ultrasonic waves transmitted, a part is to proofreading and correct the measurer surface reflection, and received by transducer, and another part passes the correction measurer, the rainwater surface reflection of assembling to the rainfall bucket, and received by transducer.Described correction measurer can be the narrow corrosion resistant plate of partial reflection transducers transmit ultrasonic waves.
As improvement of the present invention, also comprise purging system, purging system comprises over against the nozzle of transducer and draws water to the water pump of nozzle, and controller also comprises the water pump driving circuit, and microprocessor CPU drives pump working through the water pump driving circuit.So that timing automatic is cleaned the drift on ultrasonic transducer surface, and in the lump drift is discharged the rainfall bucket when draining.
By the microprocessor CPU software design, can realize intelligent draining, after detection rainfall inner bucket water position reaches designated water level, detecting when not having rainfall, automatically start purging system Open valve simultaneously, will in time discharge outside the bucket, be convenient to rainfall next time and detect through rainwater in the rainfall bucket that cleans.
Can also comprise the rainwater temperature sensor that detects rainwater temperature in the rainfall bucket, be located at the bottom in the rainfall bucket, controller also comprises the rainwater temperature sensing circuit, and microprocessor CPU reads the numerical value of rainwater temperature sensor by the rainwater temperature sensing circuit.Can also comprise the rainfall temperature sensor that detects real-time rainfall rain temperature, be located at the outside of rainfall bucket, controller also comprises the rainfall temperature sensing circuit, and microprocessor CPU reads the numerical value of rainfall temperature sensor by the rainfall temperature sensing circuit.The rainwater temperature sensor of rainwater temperature and the rainfall temperature sensor of the real-time rainfall rain of special detection temperature are convenient to collect more rainfall observational data in the design special detection rainfall bucket, are convenient to information fusion.
Above-mentioned controller also comprises communication interface, and microprocessor CPU such as communicating by letter with host computer, is realized the remote data transmission by communication interface and external device communication.
As seen, controller of the present invention plays the effect of coordination, management entire work process.Its microprocessor CPU can be realized the Based Intelligent Control of ultrasonic emitting, reception, data processing, data storage, rainfall measurement, cleaning automatically, draining automatically, communication etc.
Another program of the present invention provides a kind of ultrasonic self-calibration high-precision rainfall measuring method, and it comprises the following step:
Determine: ultrasonic transducer emission ultrasound wave, to returning the time t1 that is experienced from proofreading and correct measurer;
With the same surface level of described transducer, have the same of same emissive power or another transducers transmit ultrasonic waves, return the time t2 that is experienced to the rainwater surface of assembling from the rainfall bucket;
Again according to formula:
Obtain current transducer face and assemble the vertical range H on rainwater surface to the rainfall bucket;
Then:
Vertical range H and last transducer face that more current transducer face is assembled the rainwater surface to the rainfall bucket are assembled the vertical range H1 on rainwater surface to the rainfall bucket,
If current vertical range H is greater than last vertical range H1,
Then by formula: D=H-H1 obtains rainfall amount D;
If current vertical range H is not more than last vertical range H1,
Rainfall amount D=0 then.
Ultrasonic transducer of the present invention is used for producing and received ultrasonic signal, by detecting ultrasound wave respectively to the emission of proofreading and correct measurer-accept time t1, ultrasound wave is assembled the emission on rainwater surface-accept time t2 to the rainfall bucket, if proofreading and correct the height of measurer is h centimetre, then the rainwater surface is H=h * t2/t1 to the height of bottom.As seen, because of the height h that proofreaies and correct measurer immobilizes,, irrelevant with factors such as other temperature, dielectric viscosity, proportion, air pressure so the height on rainwater surface is only relevant with the precision of two detection times in the rainfall bucket.
Because the present invention can accurately measure the height on rainwater surface in the rainfall bucket, thereby can accurately measure the amount of rainfall.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 (a) is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention one;
Fig. 1 (b) is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention two;
Fig. 2 (a) is the controller circuitry theory diagram of the embodiment of the invention one;
Fig. 2 (b) is the controller circuitry theory diagram of the embodiment of the invention two;
Fig. 3 is the power circuit principle figure of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the data storage circuitry schematic diagram of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 is the communication interface circuit theory diagrams of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 6 is the high-tension circuit schematic diagram of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 7 is the radiating circuit schematic diagram of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 8 is the reception amplifying circuit schematic diagram of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 9 is the voltage comparator circuit schematic diagram of the embodiment of the invention;
Figure 10 is the photoelectricity coupled circuit schematic diagram of the embodiment of the invention;
Figure 11 is the water pump driving circuit schematic diagram of the embodiment of the invention;
Figure 12 is the valve driving circuit schematic diagram of the embodiment of the invention;
Figure 13 is the temperature sensing circuit schematic diagram of the embodiment of the invention;
Figure 14 is the main program flow chart of the embodiment of the invention;
Figure 15 is the rainfall measurement subroutine flow chart of the embodiment of the invention;
Figure 16 is that the water pump of the embodiment of the invention cleans the subroutine program process flow diagram;
Figure 17 is the valve draining subroutine flow chart of the embodiment of the invention;
Embodiment:
Describe embodiments of the invention in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Embodiment one:
Shown in Fig. 1 (a), the embodiment of the invention one comprises rain trap 1, rainfall bucket 2, proofreaies and correct with ultrasonic transducer 3, measures with ultrasonic transducer 4, proofreaies and correct measurer 5, controller 6, rainwater temperature sensor 7, rainfall temperature sensor 8, unwatering system and purging system.Proofread and correct measurer 5 and be located in the rainfall bucket 2, it is identical with measurement transducer 4 transmission frequencies to proofread and correct transducer 3, all places the bottom in the rainfall bucket 2, is in same surface level, proofread and correct transducer 3 place proofread and correct measurer 5 under, measurement transducer 4 departs from proofreaies and correct measurer 5.Proofread and correct measurer 5 and proofread and correct the hyperacoustic wide corrosion resistant plate of transducer 3 emissions, get wide 25mm, long 90mm, thick 1.5mm for reflecting fully.Rainwater temperature sensor 7 is located at the bottom in the rainfall bucket 2, is used to detect the rainwater temperature in the rainfall bucket 2, and rainfall temperature sensor 8 is located at the outside of rainfall bucket 2, is used to detect real-time rainfall rain temperature.Unwatering system comprises the valve 9 of controlling draining, is located at the bottom of rainfall bucket 2, and purging system comprises over against the nozzle 10 of proofreading and correct transducer 3, measurement transducer 4 and draws water to the water pump 11 of nozzle.
Shown in Fig. 2 (a), the controller 6 of embodiment one comprises microprocessor CPU, receives input circuit, launches output circuit, data storage circuitry, water pump driving circuit, valve driving circuit, rainwater temperature sensing circuit, rainfall temperature sensing circuit, communication interface and power circuit.Receive input circuit and comprise reception amplifying circuit, detecting circuit, voltage comparator circuit, photoelectric isolating circuit and the shaping circuit of serial connection successively.The emission output circuit comprises photoelectric isolating circuit, high-tension circuit, first via radiating circuit, No. the second radiating circuit.Photoelectric isolating circuit is isolated digital circuit and mimic channel, microprocessor CPU produces high pressure by its PWM mouth through photoelectric isolating circuit control high-tension circuit, for first via radiating circuit and No. the second radiating circuit provide high pressure, subsequently, microprocessor CPU produces the synchronized transmissions pulse and produces high-voltage pulse through photoelectric isolating circuit control first via radiating circuit, transducer 3 emission ultrasound waves are proofreaied and correct in excitation, the ultrasound wave vertical transmission is to proofreading and correct measurer 5 surface reflections, and be corrected transducer 3 and receive and change into electric signal, carry out data processing through receiving input circuit input microprocessor CPU again; Equally, microprocessor CPU produces the synchronized transmissions pulse and controls No. the second radiating circuit generation high-voltage pulse through photoelectric isolating circuit, excitation measurement transducer 4 emission ultrasound waves, the rainwater surface reflection that the ultrasound wave vertical transmission is assembled to rainfall bucket 2, and measured transducer 4 receives and changes into electric signal, carries out data processing through receiving input circuit input microprocessor CPU again.Microprocessor CPU is stored data through data storage circuitry, storage relevant parameter, temperature, rainfall and rainfall cumulative amount etc.Microprocessor CPU drives water pump 11 work through the water pump driving circuit, and control is cleaned; Drive valve 9 work, control draining through valve driving circuit; Read the numerical value of rainwater temperature sensor 7 through the rainwater temperature sensing circuit; Read the numerical value of rainfall temperature sensor 8 through the rainfall temperature sensing circuit; Communicate by letter with host computer through communication interface.Microprocessor CPU detects liquid level, temperature and host computer the corresponding command of rainwater in the rainfall bucket 2, measures rainfall, by-pass valve control 9, water pump 11 work by the control method of regulation.Power circuit provides required power supply to the each several part circuit.
The c ultrasound wave is in the speed of water transmission in the formula
The t ultrasound wave is from being transmitted into the time of being experienced of returning
The s transducer face is to the vertical range of reflecting surface
But, can change along with temperature, atmospheric pressure, the isoparametric change of viscosity because ultrasound wave is not invariable in the speed of water transmission.Therefore, accurate measuring liquid level, just need the velocity of sound to proofread and correct.
Parameters such as temperature, atmospheric pressure, viscosity present nonlinear characteristic to the influence of the velocity of sound.The present invention adopts acoustic criteria to proofread and correct the method for measurer, can one time Tc, atmospheric pressure, the isoparametric variation of viscosity to the influence of the velocity of sound.
Shown in Fig. 1 (a), proofread and correct transducer 3 ultrasonic waves transmitted, be corrected measurer 5 reflections, proofread and correct measurer 5 for having the corrosion resistant plate of certain width, get wide 25mm, long 90mm, thick 1.5mm, through type (2) can obtain proofreading and correct transducer 3 surfaces to the vertical range h that proofreaies and correct measurer 5.Measurement transducer 4 ultrasonic waves transmitted, by the rainwater surface reflection that rainfall bucket 2 is assembled, through type (3) can obtain measurement transducer 4 surfaces and assemble the vertical range H on rainwater surface to rainfall bucket 2.
In the formula: c
1Proofread and correct transducer 3 ultrasonic waves transmitted and in rain gage bucket 2, assemble the speed of propagating in the rainwater
H proofreaies and correct transducer 3 surfaces to the vertical range of proofreading and correct measurer 5
t
1Ultrasound wave is from being transmitted into from proofreading and correct measurer 5 reflected backs, the time of being experienced
In the formula: c measurement transducer 4 ultrasonic waves transmitted are assembled the speed of propagating in the rainwater in rain gage bucket 2
The vertical range on rainwater surface is assembled on H measurement transducer 4 surfaces to rainfall bucket 2
t
2Ultrasound wave is assembled the rainwater return reflection surface from being transmitted into from rainfall bucket 2, and the time of being experienced can get formula (4) by formula (2), (3):
Because in same liquid, the ultrasonic propagation velocity of same frequency is identical, therefore, c is arranged promptly as long as guarantee that the frequency of correction transducer 3, measurement transducer 4 is identical
1=c
2, proofread and correct the frequency of transducer 3, measurement transducer 4 and all get 5M.
Therefore
For embodiment one, proofreading and correct transducer 3 is fixed value to the vertical range h that proofreaies and correct measurer 5, gets 50mm.Therefore through type (5) is measured and is proofreaied and correct the ultrasound wave that transducer 3, measurement transducer 4 are launched, and returns the time t that is experienced from being transmitted into
1, t
2, can try to achieve measurement transducer 4 surfaces and assemble the vertical range H on rainwater surface, i.e. liquid level to rainfall bucket 2.
For formula (5), the measurement of liquid level, only and t
1, t
2, h is relevant, and is and irrelevant with the velocity of sound.
Therefore, the dual transducers acoustic criteria correcting value general laws shown in Fig. 1 (a) fully parameters such as Tc, atmospheric pressure, viscosity change the error that influence brought to the velocity of sound.
The rainfall measuring method of embodiment one comprises the following step:
Determine: proofread and correct transducer 3 emission ultrasound waves, to returning the time t1 that is experienced from proofreading and correct measurer 5;
Again according to formula:
Obtain current measurement transducer 4 surfaces and assemble the vertical range H on rainwater surface to rainfall bucket 2;
Then:
The vertical range H1 on rainwater surface is assembled to rainfall bucket 2 in vertical range H and last measurement transducer 4 surfaces that the rainwater surface is assembled to rainfall bucket 2 in more current measurement transducer 4 surfaces,
If current vertical range H is greater than last vertical range H1,
Then by formula: D=H-H1 obtains rainfall amount D;
If current vertical range H is not more than last vertical range H1,
Rainfall amount D=0 then.
Shown in Fig. 2 (a), microprocessor CPU produces high pressure by its PWM mouth control high-tension circuit.Microprocessor CPU produces synchronized transmissions pulse control first via radiating circuit and produces high-voltage pulse subsequently, and excitation is proofreaied and correct transducer 3 ultrasound wave is taken place.Ultrasonic echo changes into electric signal by proofreading and correct transducer 3, by receiving amplifying circuit, detecting circuit, voltage comparator circuit, photoelectric isolating circuit, shaping circuit, goes into into microprocessor CPU, and is detected by microprocessor CPU.Microprocessor CPU begins to open timer from producing transponder pulse, enters microprocessor CPU to echoed signal and closes timer, to obtain ultrasonic transmission time t1, obtains the ultrasonic transmission time t2 that measurement transducer 4 produces in the same way.
As seen, embodiment one combines in rainwater in the rain gage bucket 2 by rain trap 1, microprocessor CPU control is proofreaied and correct transducer 3 emission ultrasound waves and is obtained ultrasonic transmission time t1, control survey transducer 4 emission ultrasound waves also obtain ultrasonic transmission time t2, can obtain measurement transducer 4 surfaces and assemble the vertical range H on rainwater surface to rainfall bucket 2, measure liquid level difference in the rain gage bucket 2, can obtain rainfall amount D.
Embodiment two:
Shown in Fig. 1 (b), the difference of the embodiment of the invention two and embodiment one is only to use a ultrasonic transducer 3, proofreaies and correct measurer 5 relative embodiment one, want narrower,, get wide 5mm for the hyperacoustic narrow corrosion resistant plate of partial reflection transducer 3 emissions, long 90mm, thick 1.5mm, these transducer 3 ultrasonic waves transmitted, a part is to proofreading and correct measurer 5 surface reflections, and received by transducer 3, another part passes proofreaies and correct measurer 5, the rainwater surface reflection of assembling to rainfall bucket 2, and received by transducer 3.Correspondingly, shown in Fig. 2 (b), the emission output circuit comprises photoelectric isolating circuit, high-tension circuit, radiating circuit in the controller 6 of embodiment two, the radio road of just having only that riches all the way.
All the other structures of embodiment two are identical with embodiment one, seldom describe herein.
Shown in Fig. 1 (b), ultrasonic transducer 3 ultrasonic waves transmitted, a part are corrected measurer 5 surface reflections, and a part is passed and proofreaied and correct measurer 5, by the rainwater surface reflection of rainfall bucket 2 gatherings.If being corrected the ultrasonic transmission time of measurer 5 reflections is t
1, the ultrasonic transmission time of being assembled the rainwater surface reflection by rainfall bucket 2 is t
2
Through type (4) has
Since be corrected the ultrasound wave of measurer 5 reflected backs with by the ultrasound wave of rainwater return reflection surface, all are the two parts in the ultrasound wave producing of same transducer 3, so frequency is identical, promptly the velocity of sound is also identical.
So
So parameters such as the same energy of the single transducer acoustic criteria correcting value general laws that adopts among Fig. 1 (b) Tc, atmospheric pressure, viscosity change the influence to the velocity of sound, to reach the purpose of accurate measurement.
The rainfall measuring method of embodiment two comprises the following step:
Determine: ultrasonic transducer 3 emission ultrasound waves, to returning the time t1 that is experienced from proofreading and correct measurer 5;
Return the time t2 that is experienced to the rainwater surface of assembling from rainfall bucket 2;
Again according to formula:
Obtain current transducer 3 surfaces and assemble the vertical range H on rainwater surface to rainfall bucket 2;
Then:
The vertical range H1 on rainwater surface is assembled to rainfall bucket 2 in vertical range H and last transducer 3 surfaces that the rainwater surface is assembled to rainfall bucket 2 in more current transducer 3 surfaces,
If current vertical range H is greater than last vertical range H1,
Then by formula: D=H-H1 obtains rainfall amount D;
If current vertical range H is not more than last vertical range H1,
Rainfall amount D=0 then.
Shown in Fig. 2 (b), microprocessor CPU produces high pressure by its PWM mouth control high-tension circuit, and microprocessor CPU produces synchronized transmissions pulse control radiating circuit and produces high-voltage pulse subsequently, and ultrasound wave takes place excitation transducer 3.Ultrasonic echo changes into electric signal by transducer 3, by amplifying circuit, detecting circuit, voltage comparator circuit, photoelectric isolating circuit, shaping circuit, goes into into microprocessor CPU, and is detected by microprocessor CPU.Microprocessor CPU begins to open timer from producing transponder pulse, when the echoed signal that is corrected measurer 5 reflections enters microprocessor CPU, acquisition is from proofreading and correct measurer 5 reflection echo elapsed-time standards t1, timer works on, when the echoed signal of being assembled the rainwater surface reflection by rainfall bucket 2 enters microprocessor CPU, close timer, obtain to assemble rainwater surface reflection echo elapsed-time standards t2 from rainfall bucket 2.
As seen, embodiment two combines in rainwater in the rain gage bucket 2 by rain trap 1, microprocessor CPU control transducer 3 emission ultrasound waves, acquisition is from proofreading and correct measurer 5 reflection echo elapsed-time standards t1, acquisition is assembled rainwater surface reflection echo elapsed-time standards t2 from rainfall bucket 2, can obtain transducer 3 surfaces and assemble the vertical range H on rainwater surface, measure the rainwater liquid level difference in the rain gage bucket 2, can obtain rainfall amount D to rainfall bucket 2.
The valve 9 of the embodiment of the invention is used for draining under the control of controller 6, need draining in both cases:
1) prevents that rainwater overflows in the rain gage bucket 2, set the twice warning line.After liquid level is higher than the first road warning line, waits for the end of raining, draining.After liquid level is higher than the first road warning line, to rain and do not finish, liquid level continues to rise and be higher than the second road warning line, no matter whether rained at that time, all wants draining.Prevent the draining that rainwater overflows, do not need rainwater in the tube has been put, only need be put into safe liquid level and get final product.
The embodiment of the invention is set: rain gage bucket is dark: 500mm; Safe liquid: 200mm;
First road warning line: the 350mm; Second road warning line: the 450mm;
2) detect water temperatures in the rain gage buckets 2 by rainwater temperature sensor 7, when water temperature is lower than 0.5 ℃, for prevent an interior rainwater icing after to sensor 7, and the destruction of valve 9, water pump 11 need all have been arranged rainwater.After water temperature is higher than 1 ℃, valve-off 9.
1) regularly to the ultrasonic transducer surface clean, keeps its cleaning surfaces.The embodiment of the invention was stipulated per 4 hours, and the transducer face pulsed is cleaned four times.
2) when valve 9 drainings, need open water pump 11, stir the pollution of rain gage bucket 2 bottom long time integrations, it is discharged by freeing port.
The microprocessor CPU of the embodiment of the invention is selected 8 μ PD78F0881 type single-chip microcomputers of NEC Corporation, 1K RAM, 32K ROM, built-in one road CAN bus interface, 2 road UART interfaces, one road I for use
2C interface.Adopt the 20M crystal oscillator, single-chip microcomputer work major clock 10M, counter clock 20M.
As shown in Figure 3, insert partial circuit for embodiment power circuit principle figure: Fig. 3 (a) for power supply.C1, C2 mainly strobe.D is anti-reverse diode.F is from recovering insurance, cut off working power when big electric current appears in circuit abnormality, protecting other circuit.The system works primary power is 12VDC.Fig. 3 (b) is responsible for single-chip microcomputer and 485 interfaces power supply VCC for 12V changes the 5V mu balanced circuit.Fig. 3 (c) power control switch, system removes single-chip microcomputer and 485 interfaces, and the power supply of other parts is introduced from 12V2.Add low level at the Control end, triode Q ends, and P channel MOS tube grid is a high level, and metal-oxide-semiconductor ends, and output voltage is 0,12V2=0V.When the Control end is high level, triode Q conducting, P channel MOS tube grid is a low level, the metal-oxide-semiconductor conducting, output voltage is about 12VDC, and 12V2=12V when system works on power, adds high level at the Control end, adds low level at the Control end when not busy.Other parts outage except that single-chip microcomputer and 485 interfaces is to guarantee the system low-power consumption operation.Fig. 3 (d) is 12VDC commentaries on classics ± 12VDC circuit, adopts the DC-DC module, realizes digitally isolating with simulation ground.
As shown in Figure 4, the data storage circuitry of embodiment adopts AT24C02 E
2The ROM storage chip is realized storage and power down protection to circuit parameter, rainfall, rainfall cumulative amount, temperature.
As shown in Figure 5, be embodiment communication interface circuit theory diagrams, adopt 485 interfaces to communicate by letter with host computer.Select special-purpose 485 interface low-power consumption chip 65HVD3082 for use.Protect bus safety by diode D1, D2, D3, D4 and F1, F2 from recovering insurance.
As shown in Figure 6, be embodiment high-tension circuit schematic diagram, be the inverse-excitation type booster circuit, realization 12VDC boosts to 200VDC's, is used for voltage-sound wave conversion high-voltage power supply of ultrasonic emitting.Grid at N-channel MOS pipe K2645 adds the PWM trigger pip that frequency is the 100K frequency, and the duration is 1 second, by high-frequency transformer T, can store the voltage of 200V in capacitor C.The high-frequency transformer turn ratio is 12: 200.
As shown in Figure 7, be embodiment radiating circuit schematic diagram, when the grid of N-channel MOS pipe K2645 be low level the time, metal-oxide-semiconductor by, circuit can charge into 200V voltage by R1, C, D2 in capacitor C.Add a high level pulse at the metal-oxide-semiconductor grid, metal-oxide-semiconductor is conducting during pulse high level, circuit constitutes the discharge loop of capacitor C by capacitor C, metal-oxide-semiconductor, resistance R 2, transducer SF, diode D3, therefore on transducer SF, can produce-pulse of 200V, resistance R 2 plays shunting action, prevents, big electric current burns out transducer SF.Transducer SF produces ultrasound wave under the effect of-200V pulse.
As shown in Figure 8, for embodiment receives the amplifying circuit schematic diagram, ultrasonic echo changes into tens millivolts to up to a hundred millivolts ac voltage signal after being received by transducer, is amplified to the volt level by operational amplifier M.Capacitor C 1, C2,1 buffer action of resistance R prevent that direct current signal from entering amplifier.Diode D1, D2 play clamping action, prevent that high-voltage pulse from entering amplifying circuit, the protection late-class circuit.Amplifier gain
Echoed signal is amplified to about 2V.Enter filter amplification circuit by the C3 isolation.Filter amplification circuit adopts band-pass filter ripple device, and centre frequency is 5M, and bandwidth is 0.5M, and gain amplifier is 2.Echoed signal after amplifying by filtering enters the detecting circuit of being made up of D3, R8, C6, and D3 selects high frequency detector diode IN60 for use, and the echo AC signal of detecting circuit after with amplification filtering changes into envelope direct current signal.
Shown in Fig. 9 (a), be the embodiment voltage comparator circuit, when the EN terminal voltage was lower than VRF, voltage comparator B was by pull-up resistor R2 output high level, and when the EN terminal voltage was higher than VRF, the voltage comparator B output switching activity was a low level.When envelope signal enters voltage comparator, because the principle of voltage comparator can form low level pulse signal at output terminal.Can change into the pulse signal of high level by reverser F.VRF is the reference voltage of voltage comparator.Fig. 9 (b) is depicted as the comparator reference voltage generation circuit.MC1403 is that precision is 1% voltage stabilizing chip, 5V input 2.5V output.By resistance R 1, R2 dividing potential drop, yRF is the 1.25V reference voltage.
As shown in figure 10, be embodiment photoelectricity coupled circuit.The light idol adopts 6N137 high speed photo coupling integrated chip.When the OUT end was low level, the interrupt end was low level, and when OUT held to high level, interrupt held and is high level.Therefore according to the principle of photoelectricity coupling, the positive pulse signal that receiving circuit produces can produce positive pulse signal by photoelectric coupling circuit, enter the outside middle-end port of single-chip microcomputer, trigger the single-chip microcomputer external interrupt, stop timer work, obtain the ultrasonic transmission time.
As shown in figure 11, be embodiment water pump driving circuit.Driving circuit adopts the principle of electronic switch, when the Control end is low level, triode Q ends, and P channel MOS tube grid is a high level, and metal-oxide-semiconductor ends, output voltage is 0, when the Control end is low level, triode Q conducting, P channel MOS tube grid is a low level, the metal-oxide-semiconductor conducting, output voltage is about 12VDC.Water pump adopts direct current 12VDC water pump.According to the electronic switch principle, when the Control end was low level, water pump was not worked, when the Control end is low level, and pump working.
As shown in figure 12, be the embodiment valve driving circuit.Driving circuit adopts motor special integrated chip L9110.Be high Transistor-Transistor Logic level when VAI+ holds, the VAI-end is when hanging down Transistor-Transistor Logic level, and VAO+ holds the output high level, VAO-holds output low level, and output current can reach 800 milliamperes, drives the valve forward and opens, in like manner VAI+ end is low Transistor-Transistor Logic level, and the VAI-end drives valve and oppositely closes during for high Transistor-Transistor Logic level.Valve was not worked when the VAI+ end was all high level or low level with the VAI-end.
As shown in figure 13, be the embodiment temperature sensing circuit.Adopt digital temperature sensor DS18B20, its DATA port only need insert single-chip microcomputer IO mouth, and sequential according to the rules says the word, and gets final product reading temperature data.Resistance R is a pull-up resistor, and the DATA mouth is a high level at ordinary times.Capacitor C is the bypass filter capacitor, and the temperature sensor precision is 0.0625 ℃.
As shown in figure 14, be main program flow chart, after system powered on, system is initialization process at first, entered dormant state and waited for the host computer order.When on 485 buses data transmission being arranged, single-chip microcomputer wakes up from dormant state, judges whether it is the rainfall measurement order, if, then finish surveying work, need to judge whether cleaning, draining to handle by measurement data, and report corresponding data, as not being then to continue dormancy.Single-chip microcomputer was got back to dormant state after measurement was finished.
Shown in Figure 15 (a), be the rainfall measurement subroutine, at first judgement system is dual transducers or single transducer, for dual transducers, the echo time of proofreading and correct transducer 3 and measurement transducer 4 needs independent measurement, can measure in the same process for twice echo time of single transducer.Can calculate the liquid level H of rainwater in the current rainfall bucket by formula (5) according to the time of measuring, compare with last measuring liquid level H1 again, if H＞H1 then thinks rainy, and with its difference as rainfall D, otherwise think not rainy, rainfall D is 0.Figure 15 (b) measures subroutine for the transducer echo time, by 100KHz pwm signal control high-tension circuit work 1 second, produces the 200V high pressure and is stored in the electric capacity earlier, waits for 100ms, and circuit is in steady state (SS).The emission high-voltage pulse is opened timer, and is opened the interrupt latency echoed signal after 30 microseconds of delaying time, and the purpose of 30 microseconds of delaying time also is to wait for that circuit is in steady state (SS) and prevents interference to interrupting.In the interrupt service routine, the dual transducers system only need receive echoed signal one time, can close timer, and single transducer system need receive twice echoed signal can close timer.
As shown in figure 16, clean subroutine for water pump.The water pump cleaning process adopts the pulsed ablution, and boiling water pump 2 seconds switched off the pump 2 seconds, so repeatedly 5 operations.
As shown in figure 17, be valve draining subroutine.After circuit powers on, open valve clockwise 5 seconds earlier, opened valve more counterclockwise 5 seconds, twice repeatedly.Purpose is to remove the tamper at ball body of valve place by rotating.In drainage procedure, open water pump, stir, wash the rain gage bucket bottom, the impurity that is deposited in the bottom is for a long time discharged from freeing port.
The embodiment of the invention compared with prior art, advantage is:
◆ the precision height, stable performance, performance is not subjected to factor affecting such as temperature, humidity, raininess.
◆ free of losses rainfall observation range maximum can reach 500mm/ days.
◆ low in energy consumption, do not have the environment of civil power in the open air and can power for a long time with accumulator.
◆ but the data remote transmission need not on-the-spot reading.
◆ increase rain temperature measuring ability.
◆ have branch, the time, day, the moon, annual rainfall accumulating function, under the situation of communication failure, data are not lost, and ensure the continuity of data.
◆ convenient for installation and maintenance, and have from maintenance function.
Claims (6)
1. ultrasonic self-calibration high-precision rain gauge, comprise rainfall bucket (2), ultrasonic transducer, correction measurer (5), unwatering system and controller (6), proofreading and correct measurer (5) is located in the rainfall bucket (2), transducer places the bottom in the rainfall bucket (2), proofread and correct the below of measurer (5), unwatering system comprises the valve (9) of controlling draining, is located at the bottom of rainfall bucket (2);
Described controller (6) comprises microprocessor CPU, the emission output circuit, receive input circuit, data storage circuitry, valve driving circuit and power circuit, microprocessor CPU drives valve (9) work through valve driving circuit, microprocessor CPU is by emission output circuit excitation transducers transmit ultrasonic waves, the ultrasound wave vertical transmission is to proofreading and correct measurer (5) surface and by its reflection, and received by transducer and to change into electric signal, carry out data processing through receiving input circuit input microprocessor CPU again, the ultrasound wave vertical transmission is to the rainwater surface of rainfall bucket (2) gathering and by its reflection, and received by transducer and to change into electric signal, carry out data processing through receiving input circuit input microprocessor CPU again, microprocessor CPU is stored data through data storage circuitry, and power circuit provides required power supply to the each several part circuit;
It is characterized in that: described ultrasonic transducer is provided with two, one for proofreading and correct the correction transducer (3) of usefulness, place proofread and correct measurer (5) under, proofread and correct transducer (3) emission ultrasound wave to proofreading and correct measurer (5) surface, and receive the ultrasound wave reflect, another is measuring measurement transducer (4), transducer (3) transmission frequency is identical with proofreading and correct, be in same surface level, depart from and proofread and correct measurer (5), measurement transducer (4) is launched ultrasound wave to the rainwater surface that rainfall bucket (2) is assembled, and receives the ultrasound wave that reflects.
2. rain gage according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described correction measurer (5) is for reflecting the wide corrosion resistant plate of proofreading and correct transducer (3) ultrasonic waves transmitted fully.
3. rain gage according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: also comprise purging system, purging system comprises over against the nozzle (10) of proofreading and correct transducer (3) and measurement transducer (4) and draws water to the water pump (11) of nozzle, described controller (6) also comprises the water pump driving circuit, and microprocessor CPU drives water pump (11) work through the water pump driving circuit.
4. rain gage according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: also comprise the rainwater temperature sensor (7) that detects the interior rainwater temperature of rainfall bucket (2), be located at the bottom in the rainfall bucket (2), described controller (6) also comprises the rainwater temperature sensing circuit, and microprocessor CPU reads the numerical value of rainwater temperature sensor (7) by the rainwater temperature sensing circuit.
5. rain gage according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: also comprise the rainfall temperature sensor (8) that detects real-time rainfall rain temperature, be located at the outside of rainfall bucket (2), described controller (6) also comprises the rainfall temperature sensing circuit, and microprocessor CPU reads the numerical value of rainfall temperature sensor (8) by the rainfall temperature sensing circuit.
6. rain gage according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described controller (6) also comprises communication interface, and microprocessor CPU is by communication interface and external device communication.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101839747A (en) * | 2010-04-30 | 2010-09-22 | 常州联力自动化科技有限公司 | Ultrasonic water level sensor for mines |
| CN102928892B (en) * | 2011-08-09 | 2016-05-11 | 古峻峰 | Rainfall gauge Full-automatic calibrator |
| CN102607670B (en) * | 2012-04-01 | 2014-07-02 | 郑贵林 | Gas medium type self-calibrating ultrasonic liquid level measuring method and liquid level meter thereof |
| CN105116472A (en) * | 2015-08-18 | 2015-12-02 | 东南大学 | Pluviometer based on a water film thickness sensor |
| CN107479111A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2017-12-15 | 梁恒飞 | Portable automatic weather station |
| CN109444993B (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2023-08-22 | 南京信息工程大学 | Ultrasonic rain gauge based on MSP single-chip microcomputer and rain measuring method |
| CN109343156B (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2020-12-15 | 安徽沃特水务科技有限公司 | Rain-proof amount report missing remote measurement terminal machine |
| CN111123410A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-05-08 | 国网北京市电力公司 | Precipitation monitoring system and method, storage medium and processor |
| CN111538110B (en) * | 2020-04-16 | 2021-08-17 | 中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所 | Rainfall on-line monitoring system and monitoring method |
| CN111504866A (en) * | 2020-05-06 | 2020-08-07 | 中国科学院声学研究所南海研究站 | Environmental factor comprehensive monitoring system and method |
| CN111653079A (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2020-09-11 | 淮河水利委员会水文局(信息中心) | High-applicability remote measuring terminal |
| US11947072B2 (en) | 2020-12-09 | 2024-04-02 | Hainan Acoustics Laboratory, Institute Of Acoustics, Chinese Academy Of Sciences | Automatic trigger and self-calibration ultrasonic rain measurement system |
| CN112630866B (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2023-05-09 | 山东省科学院海洋仪器仪表研究所 | Rainfall measuring device |
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Assignee: Guangzhou Sanchuan control system engineering equipment Co. Ltd. Assignor: Zheng Guilin Contract record no.: 2011440000145 Denomination of invention: Ultrasonic self-calibration high-precision rain gauge Granted publication date: 20101013 License type: Exclusive License Open date: 20090624 Record date: 20110311 |
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