CN209373106U - Road depth of accumulated water fast moves measuring device - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of road depth of accumulated water to fast move measuring device, road depth of accumulated water fast moves the LCD MODULE of measuring device, GPS positioning module, ultrasonic drive circuit, laser drive circuit, TDC-GP2 module is connected with micro controller unit, ultrasonic transmitter is connected with ultrasonic drive circuit, ultrasonic receiver is connected with conversion circuit, conversion circuit is connected with ultrasonic signal conditioning circuit, the laser drive circuit is connected with laser emitter, the laser pickoff is connected with laser pick-off signal processing circuit, the ultrasonic transmitter, ultrasonic signal conditioning circuit, laser emitter, laser pick-off signal processing circuit is connected with TDC-GP2 module respectively, the ultrasonic transmitter, ultrasonic receiver, laser emitter, laser pickoff is mounted on vehicle Head.The utility model can change measurement position with vehicle movement, can measure vehicle driving forefront position depth of accumulated water always.

Description

Road depth of accumulated water fast moves measuring device

Technical field

The utility model relates to a kind of road depth of accumulated water to fast move measurement, belong to facilities for transport and communication technical field.

Background technique

In recent years, as weather gas warms, extreme weather takes place frequently.Root it was found that global warming future 50 years, China The appearance of more extreme weathers: abnormal high temperature, superpower hurricane, flooding of rivers, lasting severe snow ... will be faced.Especially this is several Year, vehicle is flooded by heavy rain frequent occurrence, not only vehicle is caused to lose, or even cause the miserable pain accident of the dead group of group.How to avoid This dangerous situation, we analyze the generation that a large amount of case discoveries cause these tragedies, are that road ahead depth of accumulated water is pre- It is first and ignorant, until discovery, there's not enough time.

Do so when very heavy rains, how we predict road ahead depth of accumulated water, and automobile is avoided to be flooded?

Automobile, which is flooded, first to stop working, and be to cause engine to be scrapped when serious as caused by engine inlets water inlet. For ordinary circumstance, the height of air intake duct and headlight is similar, if depth of accumulated water is more than the 1/2 of tire, is forced through risk It is just very big.Even if the ponding water surface is in tire 1/2 hereinafter, can not determine that the offgas duct of vehicle will not be flooded, so thinking safe passing If, the depth of water is also lower again, that is, takes a safety coefficient.So we need one to be capable of measuring running car road ahead product The device of water depth.The method to sound the depth of the water at present can be divided into contact type measurement, non-contact measurement and image measurement.Consider It is mobile with automobile in real time and variation to measurement road ponding position, so the measuring device should be non-contact measurement, It should be mounted on automobile, and mobile with automobile.Since the purpose of measurement road depth of accumulated water is, driver is helped to prejudge Can automobile cause to stop working by road ahead without being flooded.So the measurement method must have three features, first is that Real-time requires time of measuring, it is necessary to which front depth of accumulated water is estimated in measurement in advance, to leave driver's reaction time for； Second is that mobility, measurement position is the mobile front of automobile always；Third is that measurement accuracy requirement is not high, as long as can judge The depth of water just, is not necessarily required to measure depth of water accurate dimension either with or without the height more than air inlet road junction.

Currently, not occurring also that measurement prediction road ahead depth of accumulated water can be fast moved on automobile in the market Device.

Utility model content

The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of road depth of accumulated water to fast move measuring device, using laser and surpasses Sound wave transmitter-receiver device, real-time measurement road depth of accumulated water.Depth of accumulated water in front of display, is reminded in vehicle travel process Driver avoids automobile from being flooded flame-out.

The purpose of this utility model is achieved by the following technical programs:

A kind of road depth of accumulated water fast moves measuring device, including LCD MODULE 1, micro controller unit 2, GPS Locating module 3, ultrasonic drive circuit 4, ultrasonic transmitter 5, ultrasonic receiver 6, conversion circuit 7, ultrasonic signal tune Manage circuit 8, laser emitter 9, laser drive circuit 10, laser pickoff 11, laser pick-off signal processing circuit 12, TDC- GP2 module 13, the LCD MODULE 1, GPS positioning module 3, ultrasonic drive circuit 4, laser drive circuit 10, TDC- GP2 module 13 is connected with micro controller unit 2, and ultrasonic transmitter 5 is connected with ultrasonic drive circuit 4, ultrasonic receiver 6 It is connected with conversion circuit 7, conversion circuit 7 is connected with ultrasonic signal conditioning circuit 8, and the laser drive circuit 10 is sent out with laser Emitter 9 is connected, and the laser pickoff 11 is connected with laser pick-off signal processing circuit 12, the ultrasonic transmitter 5, ultrasound Wave signal conditioning circuit 8, laser emitter 9, laser pick-off signal processing circuit 12 are connected with TDC-GP2 module 13 respectively, institute It states ultrasonic transmitter 5, ultrasonic receiver 6, laser emitter 9, laser pickoff 11 and is mounted on vehicle head.

The purpose of this utility model can also be further realized by following technical measures:

Aforementioned road depth of accumulated water fast moves measuring device, and wherein LCD MODULE 1 uses LCD1602.

Aforementioned road depth of accumulated water fast moves measuring device, and wherein micro controller unit 2 uses ATmega328.

Aforementioned road depth of accumulated water fast moves measuring device, and wherein ultrasonic transmitter 5, ultrasonic receiver 6 use Transmitting receives the HT200E40TR-1 of one.

Aforementioned road depth of accumulated water fast moves measuring device, and wherein laser emitter 9, laser pickoff 11 use PGEW1S09。

Compared with prior art, the utility model has the beneficial effects that

1. using the depth of laser and ultrasonic wave real-time measurement road ponding.Real-time is good, and accuracy is high.

2. the device can change measurement position with vehicle movement, vehicle driving forefront position ponding can be measured always Depth.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is the depth of accumulated water Fast measurement system position assumption diagram of the utility model；

Fig. 2 is the H1 measuring principle figure of the utility model；

Fig. 3 is the H2 measuring principle figure of the utility model；

Fig. 4 is the laser and ultrasonic wave multi-information fusion measuring system circuit block diagram of the utility model；

Fig. 5 is the constant ratio moment discrimination circuit schematic diagram of the utility model；

Fig. 6 is the TDC-GP2 peripheral circuit diagram of the utility model；

Fig. 7 is interrupt service routine 0 (ultrasonic measurement) flow chart of the utility model；

Fig. 8 is interrupt service routine 1 (laser measurement) flow chart of the utility model.

Specific embodiment

The utility model is described in further detail in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.

It includes being mounted on vehicle head ultrasonic distance measurement probe 5 and Laser Measuring that road depth of accumulated water, which fast moves measuring device, The parts groups such as multi-information fusion water depth measuring system, GPS module, displaying alarm and the data processor constituted away from probe 6 At.By measuring A point, B point position, then depth of accumulated water H is the distance of A, B two o'clock, which is installed on above front part of vehicle, Specific structure is as shown in Figure 1.

It is as follows that road depth of accumulated water fast moves measuring principle:

It 1) is distance H1 of the ultrasonic distance measurement probe measurement from probe to the water surface first.

As shown in Fig. 2, ultrasonic wave transmitting terminal and receiving end are in same level according to ultrasonic distance measurement principle.First Transmitting terminal emits ultrasonic wave to target (water surface), and starts timer timing simultaneously, one in the way that ultrasonic wave is propagated in air Denier will be reflected back after encountering barrier (water surface), will be made to negative pulse to single-chip microcontroller after receiving end receives back wave It stops timing at once.When timer can accurately be recorded used in ultrasonic wave launch point to roundtrip propagation between barrier Between t, if the velocity of sound be c, distance measure can be obtained are as follows: S1=ct/2 can measure t value by single-chip microcontroller control timer, to obtain S1 value.

The angle α as shown in Fig. 2, the plane and horizontal plane being made of ultrasonic wave incidence angle and angle of reflection angle, measurement point A α angle is determined with the horizontal distance L and H1 of ultrasonic probe, and H1 is ultrasonic probe mounting height, and horizontal distance L is to leave for The distance of vehicle reaction, by being determined when design of measuring system.It is assumed that the water surface does not fluctuate, it is approximately considered the angle α and immobilizes, for Know, then

H1=S1sin α (1)

2) followed by distance H2 of the laser ranging probe measurement from probe to the water surface.

According to laser distance measuring principle, laser ranging probe measures the distance H2 of laser probe to subsea floor.Laser probe Laser penetration sky gas and water two media can be emitted and reach subsea floor, in conjunction with speed the ratio between of the laser in air and water, calculated For laser probe to the distance S2 of subsea floor, the similar ultrasonic measurement of measuring principle is as shown in Figure 3 out.

The angle β as shown in figure 3, the plane and horizontal plane being made of laser light incident angle and angle of reflection angle, measurement point B with The horizontal distance L and H2 of laser probe determine β angle, and H2 is laser probe mounting height, and horizontal distance L is that leave vehicle for anti- The distance answered, by being determined when design of measuring system.It is approximately considered the angle β to immobilize, is it is known that so

H2=S2sin β (2)

3) ponding depth of water H is calculated

According to system installation requirement, laser ranging probe and ultrasonic distance measurement probe are installed on same plane, and this is Unified test accuracy of measurement is of less demanding, and α, β can consider that size is identical.Ultrasonic measurement point is located at the surface of laser measurement point, therefore Ponding depth of water H:

H=H2-H1 (3)

α, β, L parameter determine in this last measurement method, to follow following principle,

α≈β (4)

L is at a distance sufficiently large, and can reserve enough reaction time and distance for driver.

The utility model uses laser and ultrasonic wave multi-information fusion measuring technique, measurement road depth of accumulated water.The system Water depth measuring system including laser ranging probe and ultrasonic distance measurement probe composition, data processor can use vehicle computing Machine etc., but the utility model uses lower cost solution, uses MCU (ATmega328).Analyzing ultrasonic wave, laser ranging On basis, it is indicated that the thinking of design range-measurement system and it is required consider the problems of, devise one kind with MCU (ATmega328) low cost of core, high-precision, micromation number show the hardware circuit and software of ultrasonic wave, laser ranging Design method, rationally, the operation is stable, energy is good for system design, and detection speed is fast, calculates simply, is easy to accomplish to control in real time It makes, and the requirement of industrial application can be reached in terms of measurement accuracy.The system is installed on above front part of vehicle.

Laser and ultrasonic wave multi-information fusion measuring system circuit block diagram are as shown in Figure 4.

The utility model depth of accumulated water Fast measurement system include LCD1602 LCD MODULE 1, micro-control unit 2, GPS positioning module 3, ultrasonic drive circuit 4, ultrasonic transmitter 5, ultrasonic receiver 6, conversion circuit 7, ultrasonic signal Conditioning circuit 8, laser emitter 9, laser drive circuit 10, laser pickoff 11, laser pick-off signal processing circuit 12, TDC- GP2 module 13 forms.Micro-control unit 2 is connected with TDC-GP2 module, first initial configuration TDC-GP2 module before system work, By reading 3 information of GPS positioning module, current location is obtained, starts ultrasonic drive circuit 4, laser drive circuit 10, then Ultrasonic drive circuit 4 drive ultrasonic transmitter 5 issue ultrasonic wave, start to measure, at the same drive ultrasonic transmitter 5 to Mono- START timing signal T1 of TDC-GP2；Then laser drive circuit 10 drives laser emitter 9 to issue laser, starts to survey Amount, while driving laser emitter 9 to mono- START timing signal T2 of TDC-GP2.Ultrasonic receiver 6, which receives, to be reflected back The ultrasonic wave come determines the ultrasonic wave for receiving measurement by conversion circuit 7, ultrasonic signal conditioning circuit 8, gives TDC-GP2 mould Block sends out a STOP signal, and T1 timing terminates；Laser pickoff 11 receives reflected laser, by laser pick-off signal Processing circuit 12 determines the laser for receiving measurement, sends out a STOP signal to TDC-GP2 module, T2 timing terminates.Accurate meter When calculating the time interval between Start signal and Stop signal can be respectively ultrasonic wave and laser measurement offer high-precision Between interval measurement.MCU calculates S1, S2 according to range measurement principle, then fast moves measure equation by road depth of accumulated water and measured Point depth of accumulated water H.

Since road depth of accumulated water fast moves measurement method, mainly propagated in air using ultrasonic wave, laser It will be reflected back after encountering barrier (water surface) on the way, then record ultrasonic wave, laser emission point to barrier Between time t used in roundtrip propagation, calculated further according to the velocity of sound, the light velocity, so that it may respectively obtain laser ranging probe apart from water Bottom road surface S2 and ultrasonic distance measurement probe finally measure the principle of depth of water H apart from water surface S1, so when this system requires high-precision Between interval measurement.Therefore the utility model has chosen the new generation product TDC-GP2 of the universal TDC series of German ACAM company and is System provides high precision time interval measurement.TDC is by the transmission delay of internal gate circuit with signal come when carrying out high-precision Between interval measurement.In measurement process, the number for the logic gate passed through between commencing signal and end signal need to be only calculated, The time interval between Start signal and Stop signal can accurately be calculated.TDC-GP2 is respectively ultrasonic wave and laser Measurement provides high precision time interval measurement.

When system works, Mei Ge ⊿ t, starting timer TDC-GP2 (T1, T2) work, while controlling ultrasonic transmitter (laser emitter) work, emits pulse.The letter that signal processing circuit receives ultrasonic receiver (laser pickoff) Number handled because the water on road be not it is tranquil, there are huge differences for parameter of the surface to ultrasonic wave, laser reflection Different, in addition signal pulse is during propagation in atmosphere, due to absorption and scattering of the substance to light wave of atmosphere, so that receive There is decaying and distortion for pulse signal, therefore the pulse received and transmitting pulse have very big difference in shape and amplitude, Therefore it is difficult accurately to determine the arrival time of light pulse echo-signal.Therefore special moment discrimination circuit docking is needed to collect mail Number at the time of determined.At present there are mainly three types of moment mirror method for distinguishing: forward position identifies, zero passage identifies (also known as high pass appearance resistance Identify) and constant ratio identification.This system signal processing circuit is designed using constant ratio moment discrimination circuit.Work as signal processing Circuit differentiation receives signal, signals to TDC-GP2 timing completion.MCU reads TDC-GP2 information, and statistical analysis obtains ultrasound From time of return is emitted to, MCU calculates S1, S2 according to range measurement principle, then is quickly moved by road depth of accumulated water for wave (laser) pulse Dynamic measure equation obtains measurement point depth of accumulated water H, is corrected according to measured value and discreet value and is fitted curve coefficients k, the value of b, and pre- Survey the next position depth of water in estimation front.Ge ⊿ t carries out measurement process next time.

1. the Hardware Design

A kind of low cost solution MCU of the utility model design uses ATmega328, and mainly the utility model mentions Road depth of accumulated water out fast moves measurement method, has carried out necessary simplification for algorithm, calculation amount is little, naturally it is also possible to Using the better MCU of performance.Display module uses LCD1602, is mainly used for showing that the measurement point depth of water, front water depth ratio become Gesture, the information such as alarm.

1) timing circuit designs

According to this system actual requirement, constant ratio moment differential method is had chosen in this system.It mainly has high speed to compare Device, d type flip flop and input circuit composition, as shown in Figure 5.Input signal is divided into three tunnels, first via signal pass through by L1, L2, C1, The normal phase input end of high-speed comparator A1 is input to after the delayer of C2 composition；Second road signal is low by being made of R2, C3 After bandpass filter is decayed, it is input to the inverting input terminal of high-speed comparator A1.It is relatively large when two input end signal of A1 Small comparator A1 output state will occur when changing, and state conversion at the time of point not will receive original input signal The influence of the change of amplitude remains generation when original signal reaches its a certain fixed height ratio.It can thus protect Demonstrate,prove the accuracy of moment identification.Third road signal is directly inputted to the normal phase input end of comparator A2.R1, R3, R4 are respectively three The impedance matching resistor of road signal.Two high-speed comparators have been used in constant ratio moment discrimination circuit shown in fig. 5 altogether, Middle A1 identifies comparator as the constant ratio moment, and A2 identifies comparator as pre-.Adjust the i.e. changeable pre- identification comparator of VR Pre- identification threshold value.

2) TDC-GP2 circuit of measurement and control designs

The periphery connection circuit of TDC-GP2 chip is as shown in fig. 6, external two crystal oscillators of TDC-GP2 chip, wherein 4MHz high Fast crystal oscillator is used for clock alignment and in operating mode 2 as a part of time measuring unit, 32.768kHz crystal oscillator conduct Reference clock is used to control high-frequency clock and carries out clock alignment use.Start pin is used for the beginning pulse of receiving time measurement Signal, Stop pin measure stop pulse signal for receiving time.1 mode of operating mode is selected in the design.TDC measurement by Start signal triggers and starts, and receives the stopping of Stop signal.By the position of ring oscillator and the count value of thick value counter Time interval between Start signal and Stop signal can be calculated, measurement range is up to 20.At 3.3V and 25 DEG C, Minimum resolution is 65ps, and root mean square rms noise is about 50ps.

Single chip computer AT mega328 carries out a series of data calculating for three time values that TDC-GP2 is sent, and calculates Corresponding measured distance value.

3) laser, ultrasonic ranging system design

Laser measurement circuit mainly includes laser transmission circuit, laser pick-off circuit, high precision time measurement circuit.This is The semiconductor laser that system is selected is the PGEW1S09 of PerkinElmer company, this is that a cheap multiple quantum wells swashs Light device can obtain high peak output power with lower driving current, in transmit circuit using integrated chip LM555 and The narrow pulse generating circuit of 74LS123 design.The amplification of echo-signal, filtering, shaping and moment are identified in receiving circuit It is analyzed and has been studied, existing moment discrimination circuit is compared and selected, devise constant ratio moment identification electricity Road.High-precision timing chip TDC-GP2 is used in high-precision timing circuit and measures pulse time-of-flight, not only makes circuit The structure can be simplified, and effectively improves accuracy of timekeeping.

Ultrasonic measurement circuit mainly also includes ultrasonic output circuit, ultrasonic wave reception circuit, high precision time measurement Circuit etc..Supersonic generator is a supersonic frequency electro coupled oscillator, when the supersonic frequency voltage that oscillator is generated is added to ultrasound When on the piezoelectric ceramics of energy converter, piezo ceramic element just generates extensional vibration under electric field action, then electromagnetic viscosimeter energy Amount is converted into vibrational energy.The ultrasonic wave that ultrasonic receiver receives reflection is converted to the voltage signal of millivolt level.Ultrasonic wave is visited Head selection transmitting receives the HT200E40TR-1 of one, measures 1~50m of distance.

2. system measurement routine designs

When systematic survey, external interrupt INT0, INT1, starting laser transmitting are first initialized, while giving TDC-GP2TO (T1) a START trigger signal timing starts；Restart ultrasonic wave transmitting transmitting, while giving TDC-GP2TO (T2) one START trigger signal timing starts.It waits, if there is interrupting, according to external interrupt type (INT0, INT1), calls respectively pair Interrupt service routine 0 (ultrasonic measurement), the interrupt service routine 1 (laser measurement) answered calculate S1, H1 or S2, H2.Ultrasound Wave, laser measurement use external interrupt mode, and without using inquiry mode, real-time is good, and system reliability is high.Detailed process As shown in Figure 7,8.

In addition to the implementation, the utility model can also have other embodiments, all to use equivalent replacement or equivalent change The technical solution to be formed is changed, is all fallen in the protection scope of the requires of the utility model.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of road depth of accumulated water fast moves measuring device, which is characterized in that including LCD MODULE, microcontroller list Member, GPS positioning module, ultrasonic drive circuit, ultrasonic transmitter, ultrasonic receiver, conversion circuit, ultrasonic signal tune Manage circuit, laser emitter, laser drive circuit, laser pickoff, laser pick-off signal processing circuit, TDC-GP2 module, institute State LCD MODULE, GPS positioning module, ultrasonic drive circuit, laser drive circuit, TDC-GP2 module and microcontroller Unit is connected, and ultrasonic transmitter is connected with ultrasonic drive circuit, and ultrasonic receiver is connected with conversion circuit, conversion circuit Be connected with ultrasonic signal conditioning circuit, the laser drive circuit is connected with laser emitter, the laser pickoff and swash Light receiving signal processing circuit is connected, and the ultrasonic transmitter, ultrasonic signal conditioning circuit, laser emitter, laser connect Receive signal processing circuit be connected respectively with TDC-GP2 module, the ultrasonic transmitter, ultrasonic receiver, laser emitter, Laser pickoff is mounted on vehicle head.

2. road depth of accumulated water as described in claim 1 fast moves measuring device, which is characterized in that the liquid crystal display mode The model LCD1602 of block.

3. road depth of accumulated water as described in claim 1 fast moves measuring device, which is characterized in that the microcontroller list The model ATmega328 of member.

4. road depth of accumulated water as described in claim 1 fast moves measuring device, which is characterized in that the ultrasonic wave transmitting Device, ultrasonic receiver receive the HT200E40TR-1 of one using transmitting.

5. road depth of accumulated water as described in claim 1 fast moves measuring device, which is characterized in that the Laser emission Device, laser pickoff use PGEW1S09.