CN101459445A - Cooperative spectrum sensing method in cognitive radio system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cooperative frequency spectrum perception method in a cognition wireless system. An existing cooperative frequency spectrum perception method is unable to effectively resist attracts of malicious users. The method of the invention comprises: firstly conducting the energy detection to a main user signal by each user, sending the energy detection result to a control center, reading out the creditability of each user from a user creditability data pack, and obtaining the weight parameter of each user in the cooperative perception after the normalization treatment, and comparing the local perception result with a decision threshold of a system after multiplying the local perception result with the weight parameter of the related user, if the compared result is larger, meaning that a target frequency brand is currently used by the main user, or the target frequency brand is not currently used by the main user if smaller. The method of the invention has the simplicity and the practicability of a linear cooperative perception algorithm, overcomes the weaknesses of being unable to resist malicious node attacks in the existing method, and lightens the affects of the malicious nodes to the perception performance of the whole cognition wireless system.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the cognitive radio technology field, relate to a kind of a plurality of cognitive radio users is carried out perception in the mode of cooperation to frequency spectrum cavity-pocket method.
Background technology
In recent years, when the high speed development of wireless technology brings many new services, the problem that wireless frequency spectrum is rare is also more obvious, because the realization of many new technologies all need be based on frequency spectrum resource, so the rare bottleneck that influences the communications industry development that become of wireless frequency spectrum.All the time radio spectrum resources to use and manage all be to be undertaken by government is unified, present assignable frequency band remains little, but existing multinomial studies show that in the wireless frequency spectrum that has dispensed, the utilance of most of frequency ranges is lower than 25%, the frequency range utilance that has even less than 10%.In this case, can effectively utilize frequency spectrum cavity-pocket to realize that cognitive radio (Cognitive Radio) technology of communication becomes the focus of current research.
The target of cognitive radio technology is to improve the availability of frequency spectrum, the feasible wireless user's perception intelligently environment on every side that possesses cognitive function, use the frequency spectrum resource that is not used to finish communication in the mode of waiting for an opportunity, main user's communications is not exerted an influence simultaneously by main user (PrimaryUser).Cognitive radio users is by continuous cognitive radio environment, can detect whether certain frequency range is current in the communication range of oneself is used by main user, if finding that this frequency range is current is not used by main user, represent that then cognitive radio users can use this frequency range to communicate; In case main user need use certain frequency range, the cognitive radio users of then using this frequency range to communicate must stop at the communication of this frequency range at once, continues to seek the frequency range of not used by main user and communicates.
Frequency spectrum perception is to realize the first step of cognitive radio technology, owing to can not impact to main user's communications, simultaneously must reach the purpose of effectively utilizing frequency spectrum cavity-pocket again, this just requires the accurately operating position of perception master user on each frequency range of cognitive radio users.Frequency spectrum perception technology commonly used at present mainly comprises energy detection technique, matched filtering detection technique and cyclostationarity detection technique.
Energy detection technique has needs the minimum and simple and practical characteristics of prior information to main subscriber signal, mainly comprises following step:
(1) received signal is passed through band pass filter, the signal of the target frequency bands that acquisition will detect.
(2) the target frequency bands signal is passed through the square law device, obtain this signal power and estimate.
(3) power to this signal is estimated integration in certain fixing cycle, obtains the signal energy in the target frequency bands.
(4) signal energy value and a certain thresholding that obtains compared, be higher than this thresholding and represent that then current this frequency range used by main user, be lower than this thresholding and represent that then current this frequency range do not used by main user.
It is lower to consider that single cognitive radio users uses energy detection technique to carry out the accuracy of frequency spectrum perception, and promotes problems such as the cost of unique user perception accuracy is too high, and the someone has proposed the method for cooperation frequency spectrum perception.Fig. 1 is a cognitive radio system cooperation frequency spectrum perception schematic diagram.The cognitive radio users that participates in cooperation will be carried out perception to the main subscriber signal of target frequency bands, local sensing results is separately sent to the control centre of cognitive radio system, control centre adopts certain blending algorithm to handle the local sensing results of receiving, obtains final court verdict.
Some blending algorithms that propose mainly contain likelihood ratio blending algorithm and linear blending algorithm at present, it is good that the former detects performance, but the implementation complexity height is difficult to actual cognitive radio system, though the latter is worse than the former slightly on performance, realize simple relatively.Common linear blending algorithm has high specific to merge, and waits gain to merge and the optimum linearity fusion.But, high specific blending algorithm and optimum linearity blending algorithm all need the wireless aware characteristic of channel is estimated in real time, because wireless channel is easily affected by environment,, be difficult to practicality so in practice the characteristic of channel is estimated that in real time the amount of calculation that needs is bigger; Though do not need wireless channel is estimated that Deng the gain blending algorithm this method is not considered each user's perception environmental differences, each user's channel perception characteristic difference for example, local reception signal to noise ratio difference of each user or the like.On the other hand, common linear blending algorithm is not considered the influence of malice cognitive radio users to the cooperation perceptual performance yet.The malice cognitive radio users can be disturbed normal cooperative sensing process by sending wrong local sensing results to control centre, causes system to produce wrong judgement.Under the interference of malice cognitive radio users, the performance of these three kinds of algorithms all can descend, and along with the increase of malice cognitive radio users proportion, this to influence meeting more obvious, has also just lost the meaning of cooperation.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to existing some problems of cooperation frequency spectrum sensing method in the cognitive radio system, comprise based on the cooperative sensing method of high specific blending algorithm and optimum linearity blending algorithm and can't estimate wireless aware channel real-time characteristic exactly in practice, based on etc. the cooperative sensing method of gain blending algorithm do not take into full account user's perception environmental differences, and existing cooperation frequency spectrum sensing method can not effectively resist malicious user attack etc., proposes a kind of linearity based on user's confidence level and merges the cooperation cognitive method.
The inventive method does not need characteristics of radio channels is estimated in real time, taken into full account the diversity of cognitive radio users perception environment, and can resist the attack of malice cognitive radio users in the cooperative sensing process effectively, alleviate malicious node to the system senses Effect on Performance.
The present invention adopts traditional binary hypothesis test model, H
0Represent the hypothesis that the current target frequency bands that detects is not used by main user, H
1Represent the hypothesis that the current target frequency bands that detects is being used by main user.Target frequency bands is detected, and is exactly in fact at H
0Suppose and H
1Make judgement between supposing.Concrete method is to compare with testing result and this binary hypothesis test model decision threshold, obtains court verdict.The present invention adopts the optimum detection method based on the Neyman-Pearson theory, promptly under the situation of given false alarm probability, maximizes detection probability.False alarm probability is at H
0The probability that the result that supposes to act is being used by main user for the current target frequency bands that detects.Detection probability is at H
1The probability that the result that supposes to act is being used by main user for the current target frequency bands that detects.Can calculate the decision threshold of described binary hypothesis test model by given false alarm probability.
The present invention uses the linear weighted function blending algorithm in control centre, promptly use the sensing results of each cognitive radio users of being received to multiply by the weight coefficient of this user's correspondence, again multiplied result is added up, and the decision threshold of this accumulation result and system compared obtain final judging result.Compare the high specific blending algorithm and etc. the gain blending algorithm, this weighting blending algorithm has made full use of the diversity of each user's perception environment.In the weighting blending algorithm that is proposed, obtain after the confidence level normalization of employed weight coefficient by cognitive radio users, confidence level then is that control centre obtains according to the performance statistics of this cognitive radio users in each cooperative sensing process, and the method for utilizing confidence level generation weight coefficient to be weighted fusion can reduce the malice cognitive radio users and start to attack the influence that the system senses performance is produced in the cooperative sensing process.
The step of the inventive method is:
1. each cognitive radio users that participates in cooperating is carried out energy measuring to main subscriber signal;
Each cognitive radio users that participates in cooperation adopts existing energy detection technique (energy detection technique described in the background technology) that the main subscriber signal energy in the target frequency bands is detected.
2. the energy measuring sensing results that each is participated in the energy measuring sensing results of cognitive radio users of cooperation or quantification sends to control centre as the control channel of local sensing results by cognitive radio system.Transmission method adopts the existing communication data transmission method.
3. the control centre of cognitive radio system receives after the local sensing results of the cognitive radio users that all participate in cooperation, reads the confidence level r that each participates in the cognitive radio users of cooperation from user's confidence level database
j, and it is carried out normalized, obtain the weight coefficient w of each user in this cooperative sensing
j,
K is the sum of the cognitive radio users of participation cooperation.
4. the local sensing results Y that will receive
jWeight w with respective user
jMultiplication adds up again,
With accumulation result V and with the decision threshold of system relatively: if this result more than or equal to decision threshold, then the system determination result is being used by main user for target frequency bands is current; If this result is less than decision threshold, then the system determination result is not used by main user for target frequency bands is current.The existing method of method employing of the decision threshold of computing system (described in the background technology "------can be calculated the decision threshold of described binary hypothesis test model by given false alarm probability ").
5. the control centre of cognitive radio system is to participating in the confidence level r of the cognitive radio users of cooperation in user's confidence level database
jUpgrade, concrete grammar is:
Each user's that control centre is received local sensing results Y
jDecision threshold when carrying out single user's perception with this user is made comparisons: if local sensing results Y
jMore than or equal to decision threshold, to be that target frequency bands is current used by main user court verdict that then should the list user; If local sensing results Y
jLess than decision threshold, to be that target frequency bands is current do not used by main user court verdict that then should the list user;
If single user's court verdict is consistent with the system determination result of this cooperative sensing, then improve this user's confidence level according to the requirement of cognitive radio system; If inconsistent, then reduce this user's confidence level according to the requirement of cognitive radio system.
The existing method of method employing of the decision threshold during list user perception (described in the background technology "------can be calculated the decision threshold of described binary hypothesis test model by given false alarm probability ").
The cooperative sensing method has utilized energy measuring that main subscriber signal is needed the minimum advantage of prior information in the cognitive radio provided by the invention, the simplicity and the practicality that have linear cooperative sensing algorithm have simultaneously taken into full account the diversity of each user's perception environment; Employing has overcome the high specific fusion based on the blending algorithm of user's confidence level, waits gain fusion and optimum linearity to merge scheduling algorithm and can not effectively resist the shortcoming that malicious node is attacked, and has alleviated the influence of malicious node to whole cognitive radio system perceptual performance.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 cognitive radio system cooperation frequency spectrum perception schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 cooperative sensing system block diagram of the present invention;
The workflow diagram of cognitive radio system control centre among Fig. 3 the present invention.
Embodiment
As Fig. 1, K cognitive radio users that participates in cooperative sensing arranged in this cognitive radio system, they carry out perception to the signal of main user transmitter in the target frequency bands, and separately local sensing results is sent to control centre in this cognitive radio system; Control centre adopts certain blending algorithm to handle the local sensing results of receiving, judges current whether use of being detected by main user of target frequency bands.
As Fig. 2, the cooperation frequency spectrum perception comprises following step:
(1) cognitive radio users j (j=1,2 ... K) target frequency bands is carried out energy measuring, to the signal x that receives
j(t) obtain the energy value Y of this signal after handling
j
(2) cognitive radio users j is with energy value Y
jAs local sensing results, send to the control centre of cognitive radio system by control channel.Because Y
jThrough control channel the time, the noise n of the control channel that superposeed
jSo the final sensing results that arrives control centre is Z
j
(3) control centre is according to the confidence level r of each user in the confidence level database
jCalculate this user corresponding weights coefficient w in this cooperative sensing
j
(4) the local sensing results Z of the cognitive radio users of the participation cooperation that will receive of control centre
jWith corresponding weight coefficient w
jBe weighted addition, this weighting summation result and system determination thresholding are compared, obtain the system determination result.
As Fig. 3, in the cooperation frequency spectrum perception, the work of control centre comprises following step:
(1) receives the local sensing results that each cognitive radio users that participates in cooperation sends.
(2) from user's confidence level database, obtain each user's confidence level, obtain the weight coefficient of this user in this cooperative sensing after the confidence level normalized with each user.
(3) multiply by this user's who is received local sensing results with each user's weight coefficient, add up then, and will add up and with the system determination thresholding relatively.If greater than this system determination thresholding, then to be that target frequency bands is current used by main user court verdict; If less than this system determination thresholding, then to be that target frequency bands is current do not used by main user court verdict.
Thresholding when the local sensing results that each user that (4) will receive sends and this user carry out single user's frequency spectrum perception is made comparisons, the court verdict when obtaining this user and carrying out single user's frequency spectrum perception.
(5) the single user's court verdict of each user of obtaining in (4) step is made comparisons with the system determination result of this cooperative sensing, if unanimity then improves this user's confidence level according to the requirement of cognitive radio system; If inconsistent, then reduce this user's confidence level according to the requirement of cognitive radio system.
Claims (1)
1, the cooperation frequency spectrum sensing method in a kind of cognitive radio system is characterized in that the concrete steps of this method are:
Step (1). each participates in the cognitive radio users of cooperation main subscriber signal is carried out energy measuring;
Step (2). each energy measuring sensing results that participates in the energy measuring sensing results of cognitive radio users of cooperation or quantification is sent to control centre as the control channel of local sensing results by cognitive radio system;
Step (3). the control centre of cognitive radio system receives after the local sensing results of the cognitive radio users that all participate in cooperation, reads the confidence level r that each participates in the cognitive radio users of cooperation from user's confidence level database
j, and it is carried out normalized, obtain the weight coefficient w of each user in this cooperative sensing
j,
K is the sum of the cognitive radio users of participation cooperation; Step (4). the local sensing results Y that will receive
jWeight w with respective user
jAdd up after the multiplication,
With accumulation result V and with the decision threshold of system relatively: if this result more than or equal to decision threshold, then the system determination result is being used by main user for target frequency bands is current; If this result is less than decision threshold, then the system determination result is not used by main user for target frequency bands is current; Step (5). the control centre of cognitive radio system is to participating in the confidence level r of the cognitive radio users of cooperation in user's confidence level database
jUpgrade, concrete grammar is:
Each user's that control centre is received local sensing results Y
jDecision threshold when carrying out single user's perception with this user is made comparisons: if local sensing results Y
jMore than or equal to decision threshold, to be that target frequency bands is current used by main user court verdict that then should the list user; If local sensing results Y
jLess than decision threshold, to be that target frequency bands is current do not used by main user court verdict that then should the list user;
If single user's court verdict is consistent with the system determination result of this cooperative sensing, then improve this user's confidence level according to the requirement of cognitive radio system; If inconsistent, then reduce this user's confidence level according to the requirement of cognitive radio system.
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