CN101457933A - Plasma refuse incinerator - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a plasma garbage incinerator. An electrode is respectively arranged at the bottom and top parts of the incinerator body; the electrodes at the bottom and top parts are respectively connected with the anode and cathode of high voltage DC power supply; the electrode at the bottom part is clamped by an electrode holder and driven to move from up to down by an electrode lifting device. When in work, two electrodes and the high voltage DC power supply are conducted and the electrode lifting device is regulated so as to cause the electrode at the top part to be lowered and contact with the electrode at the bottom part and then gradually pulled away, which can cause an arc column to be generated between two electrodes; the temperature of the arc column is extremely high, with the center temperature up to 20,000 DEG C; under the action of the Lorentz force, the plasma arc column has the trend to contract towards the center and thus generates suction effect; under the action of the suction effect, the garbage thrown in the hearth can be quickly inhaled into the arc column and then incinerated, with the burning temperature up to 6000 DEG C. The burning temperature is high, so the garbage can be fully incinerated; as the rate of capacity reduction after incineration is high, the ash is less and no unburned substance containing remnants is left, so the environment can not be polluted and the ash can be handled conveniently; the invention can be used for processing the dangerous goods waste, the medical waste and the radioactive waste garbage, etc.

Description

A kind of plasma refuse incinerator

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of garbage combustion device, particularly a kind of plasma refuse incinerator that utilizes plasma-arc to burn away the refuse.

Technical background

Existing incinerator mainly contains grate-type incinerator, siege formula incinerator, fluidized bed incinerator and pyrogenation incinerator etc. usually, it burns rubbish by firing method, the temperature of waste incineration is lower, usually only can reach about 1000 ℃, its rubbish is difficult to burnout fully, have remaining imperfect combustion material in the slag, after these remaining materials are got rid of with slag, can stripping contaminated environment once more.Simultaneously, rubbish fails to burn cmpletely, volume reduction rate after also causing burning is lower, 80%-90% only usually, and the slag that produces behind the incineration firing still accounts for larger volume, the remaining slag that imperfect combustion material is arranged that these volumes are bigger, the possibility of contaminated environment is arranged once more, environment is polluted, need do usually and bury processing for fear of it, the processing trouble of its slag, and to take special land resource.

In addition, rubbish can not burnout fully, above-mentioned existing various incinerators are restricted on the kind of disposal of refuse, for dangerous material rubbish, medical waste and radwaste rubbish etc. as long as the material do not handled fully of remaining minute quantity just may bring very big influence to environment.In addition, above-mentioned conventional garbage incinerator, when disposal of refuse, the time that incineration firing heats up is longer, can produce the contour poisonous gas of a certain amount of harmful dioxin in the process of intensification, brings harm can for operating personnel's health.

Summary of the invention

The present invention is intended to provide a kind of plasma refuse incinerator, its waste incineration temperature height, after-flame fully, burning volume reduction rate height, slag treatment convenience, and the disposal of refuse kind is unrestricted, can be used to handle dangerous material rubbish, medical waste and radwaste rubbish reliably.

A kind of plasma refuse incinerator, comprise body of heater, the top of body of heater is provided with garbage inlet and outlet port, the body of heater side has the lime-ash flow export, it is characterized in that: the bottom of body of heater is provided with bottom electrode, the body of heater top is provided with bell, top electrodes inserts burner hearth from bell, and the electrode sealing ring is installed between bell, the electrode sealing ring comprises high-temperature refractory layer and the high temperature insulating material layer outside it that contacts with electrode, bottom electrode and top electrodes are connected the positive pole and the negative pole of high-voltage DC power supply respectively, top electrodes is by the electrode jaw clamping, electrode clamping dress device one end holding electrode, the other end is installed on the electrode lifting device, moved up and down by the electrode lifting device driving, body of heater comprises the high-temperature refractory layer of internal layer from inside to outside successively, middle high temperature insulating material layer and outer field housing are equipped with cooling water pipe between high temperature insulating material layer and housing.

Plasma refuse incinerator of the present invention, its furnace roof and furnace bottom are respectively arranged with electrode, two electrodes respectively with the positive pole or negative pole conducting of high-voltage DC power supply after, by regulating electrode lifting device, top electrodes is descended contact with bottom electrode or by place in advance in the burner hearth steel scrap with progressively draw back again after bottom electrode contacts, make between two electrodes and produce arc column, arc column is plasmoid, electric current flows therein, forms current path.The steel scrap that presets in the extreme temperatures of arc column, the burner hearth can very fast fusing form the molten bath, bottom, and the molten bath is the molten steel of high temperature fused state, and its temperature can reach 1600 ℃.The central temperature of arc column can reach 20000 ℃, and the plasma of current path is pointed to the effect of the Lorentz force at center in the arc column, and the trend that it shrinks the oriented center of plasma produces swabbing effect.The rubbish that garbage inlet is poured under the effect of the swabbing effect of plasma, can promptly be inhaled in the arc column and burn, and its incineration temperature can reach 6000 ℃.Because the arc column area is limited, the swabbing effect of arc column is also limited, the rubbish that garbage inlet is poured into inevitably has part sometimes and is not sucked in the arc column, these are not pumped into the rubbish that burns in the arc column can directly fall into the molten bath, burns in the same high molten bath of temperature.Its waste incineration temperature is far above existing incinerator, and rubbish is after-flame fully, burning volume reduction rate height, usually can reach more than 99%, the lime-ash that the burning back produces is few and do not contain remaining unburnt material, can not bring once more environment and pollute, and its lime-ash is handled very convenient.Simultaneously, its ignition temperature high and fully the advantage of after-flame also make plasma refuse incinerator of the present invention can be used for processing dangerous material rubbish, medical waste and radwaste rubbish reliably.In addition, the bath temperature height of arc column, waste incineration process temperature rise speed is fast, can not produce the contour poisonous gas of dioxin, and it also is improved operating environment.In addition, body of heater from inside to outside, form by high-temperature refractory layer, high temperature insulating material layer, cooling water pipe and housing successively, its refractory material can bear high temperature, high temperature insulating material can reduce the heat that burner hearth transmits to outside furnace shell, cooling water then can absorb the heat that distributes through high temperature insulating material, thereby the temperature that guarantees the body of heater shell is lower, makes handling safety.

Description of drawings

The structural representation of a kind of plasma refuse incinerator of Fig. 1;

The structural representation of a kind of plasma refuse incinerator of Fig. 2.

The specific embodiment

A kind of plasma refuse incinerator, as Fig. 1, Fig. 2, comprise body of heater 1, garbage inlet 2 and outlet port 3 are arranged at body of heater 1 top, there is slag flow export 4 the body of heater side, bottom of furnace body is provided with bottom electrode 5, bell 6 is arranged at the body of heater top, top electrodes 7 inserts burner hearth from bell, and electrode sealing ring 8 is installed between bell, the electrode sealing ring comprises high-temperature refractory layer 81 and the high temperature insulating material layer 82 outside it that contacts with electrode, bottom electrode and top electrodes are connected the positive pole and the negative pole of high-voltage DC power supply respectively, its top electrodes is by electrode jaw 10 clampings, electrode clamping dress device one end holding electrode, the other end is installed on the electrode lifting device 9, is driven by electrode lifting device to move up and down, body of heater comprises the high-temperature refractory layer 101 of internal layer from inside to outside successively, middle high temperature insulating material layer 102 and outer field housing 103,103 of high temperature insulating material layer 102 and housings are equipped with cooling water pipe 104.

Electrode jaw 9 can be two mechanical fingers by the Driven by Hydraulic Cylinder opening and closing, by driving hydraulic cylinder, mechanical finger is opened or closes up, thereby realize clamping or relieving to electrode.Electrode jaw also can be flexible holder, is similar to clip, crocodile clip etc.

Described electrode lifting device 9 can be hydraulic cylinder structure, and the bottom of hydraulic cylinder directly or by base is fixed on the base surface, and the piston of hydraulic cylinder directly connects or connects electrode jaw by connector.Electrode lifting device 9 is the column structure of telescopic double-layer cover, as Fig. 1, it comprises the outer sleeve column 901 that bottom and base surface are fixing and inserts in the interior center stand column 902 of outer sleeve column, the hydraulic cylinder 903 that places outer sleeve column is arranged at the bottom of center stand column, the piston of hydraulic cylinder connects center stand column, can drive center stand column and move up and down, move up and down thereby drive the electrode jaw that is mounted thereon along outer sleeve column.

In the incinerator use, its electrode is consume constantly, can shorten after the long-time use of electrode, and two interelectrode distances can be changed, and causes the variation of the length of arc column, and arc voltage and power are changed, and brings certain influence for the work of incinerator.Electrode jaw is installed on the electrode lifting device, electrode lifting device can be according to the variation of arc voltage and power, the drive electrode clamper moves up and down, thereby adjustment electrode height, make interelectrode apart from substantially constant, it is stable that arc voltage and power keep, and makes incinerator can remain on stable burning state all the time, thereby guarantee the effect and the stability of garbage disposal.

Provide to the hydraulic cylinder of electrode lifting device on the Hydraulic Station of hydraulic pressure electro-hydraulic proportional valve can be installed, by the flow in the electro-hydraulic proportional valve control hydraulic cylinder, thus the rising of control electrode lowering or hoisting gear and decrease speed.Electro-hydraulic proportional valve can be adjusted the flow of hydraulic cylinder according to arc voltage, the rising or falling speed of control electrode lowering or hoisting gear, thereby control arc voltage and power.When arc voltage was on the low side, electro-hydraulic proportional valve control hydraulic cylinder made electrode lifting device drive electrode jaw and moves down, and shortens two interelectrode spacings, arc voltage is raise increase power; And when arc voltage was higher, electro-hydraulic proportional valve control hydraulic cylinder made electrode lifting device drive electrode jaw and moves up, and increased two interelectrode spacings, and arc voltage is reduced.It can control the stable of arc voltage automatically by electro-hydraulic proportional valve, thereby has guaranteed the performance of incinerator.Simultaneously, it can make the electrode lifting device reaction quick, sensitive according to the variation reflection in time fast of arc voltage by electro-hydraulic proportional valve control hydraulic cylinder, and rise fall of electrodes speed is fast, good stability can be avoided the frequent tripping operation of breaker and the great fluctuation process excessively of current/voltage.

The slag flow export 4 of body of heater side can be downward-sloping ramp type passage, and as Fig. 1, when inner of the boiler chamber slag height exceeded channel bottom, the slag that exceeds part can be along fire door along skidding off under the slope, thus the height of control inner of the boiler chamber slag.

Body of heater 1 also can place on the stove seat 11 of bottom, and the bottom of stove seat 11 is hinged with the hinged seat 12 that is fixed on the basis, ground, and the one side is equipped with pressure cylinder 13, by hinged seat and pressure cylinder together support stove seat, as Fig. 2.When incinerator work a period of time, when slag accumulates some in the stove, can base be tilted by flexible pressure cylinder, drive the body of heater canting, the slag in the burner hearth is poured out from the slag flow export.It can be more smooth and easy to the eliminating of slag by the deslagging of integral inclination body of heater.

The top electrodes 7 that passes bell uses graphite electrode usually, and its adaptive temperature scope is big, can bear cathode protection high temperature, and intensity is very high under hot conditions.

The electrode 5 of bottom of furnace body can adopt lattice-shaped structure, stretch out from the high-temperature refractory layer 101 and the heat preserving and insulating material layer 102 of bottom body of heater at its grid top, be exposed to the bottom of burner hearth, it can strengthen electric conductivity, more help pulling out and forming of arc column, also can make the temperature of arc column higher simultaneously.

Claims (6)

1, a kind of plasma refuse incinerator, comprise body of heater (1), upper of furnace body is provided with garbage inlet (2) and outlet port (3), the body of heater side has lime-ash flow export (4), it is characterized in that: the bottom of body of heater is provided with bottom electrode (5), the body of heater top is provided with bell (6), top electrodes (7) inserts burner hearth from bell, and electrode sealing ring (8) is installed between bell, the electrode sealing ring comprises high-temperature refractory layer (801) and the high temperature insulating material layer (802) outside it that contacts with electrode, bottom electrode and top electrodes are connected the positive pole and the negative pole of high-voltage DC power supply respectively, top electrodes is by electrode jaw (10) clamping, electrode clamping dress device one end holding electrode (7), the other end is installed on the electrode lifting device (9), move up and down by the electrode lifting device driving, body of heater comprises the high-temperature refractory layer (101) of internal layer from inside to outside successively, middle high temperature insulating material layer (102) and outer field housing (103) are equipped with cooling water pipe (104) between high temperature insulating material layer and housing.

2, plasma refuse incinerator according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described electrode lifting device (9) is a hydraulic cylinder structure, the bottom of hydraulic cylinder directly or by base is fixed on the base surface, and the piston of hydraulic cylinder directly connects or connects electrode jaw by connector.

3, plasma according to claim 2 draws the rubbish incinerator, it is characterized in that: on the feed flow pipeline of described hydraulic cylinder electro-hydraulic proportional valve is installed, by the hydraulic pressure in the electro-hydraulic proportional valve control hydraulic cylinder.

4, plasma according to claim 1 draws the rubbish incinerator, it is characterized in that: body of heater (1) places on the stove seat (11) of bottom, the bottom of stove seat is hinged with the hinged seat (12) that is fixed on the basis, ground, the one side is equipped with pressure cylinder (13), by hinged seat and pressure cylinder together support stove seat.

5, plasma refuse incinerator according to claim 1 is characterized in that: its lime-ash flow export (4) is downward-sloping ramp type passage.

6, plasma refuse incinerator according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the electrode of bottom of furnace body (5) is a lattice-shaped, and stretch out from the high-temperature refractory layer and the heat preserving and insulating material layer of bottom of furnace body at the top of grid, is exposed to the bottom of burner hearth.

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