CN101445946B - Anticorrosive wearable electrodeposit clad layer of Ni-W-P ternary alloy and manufacturing technique and electroplate liquid thereof - Google Patents
Anticorrosive wearable electrodeposit clad layer of Ni-W-P ternary alloy and manufacturing technique and electroplate liquid thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an anticorrosive wearable electrodeposit clad layer of Ni-W-P ternary alloy and manufacturing technique and electroplates liquid thereof, which takes the nickel sulfate, sodium tungstate, phosphate as the main material, electrically depositing the Ni-WP amorphous mixture of amorphous or nanocrystalline alloy coating. The characteristics of the electroplate technique are following: corrosive solution is very small, the entire production of the use of cleaner production, less emissions, in line with the requirements of sustainable production. W of the coating for the content of 1-45wt%, P content of 0.1-5wt%, nickel is the residue. The plating layer is bright and dense; the hardness is 400-1100Hv, which is resistant to acid, alkali, salt and hydrogen sulfide corrosion, wear resistance is better than or equivalent to chrome plating, can not only replace decorative chromium or hard chromium is widely used, and can be used for oil field exploration equipment to deal with wear-resistant anti-corrosion.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to electrochemistry and field of metal surface treatment technology, relate to the Ni-W-P ternary alloy anticorrosion antiwear coating that a kind of aqueous solution electrodeposition obtains, and galvanic deposit production technique and electroplate liquid composition.
Background technology
Chromium coating is because advantage such as hardness height, color and luster be beautiful is widely used in every field for a long time.But well-known, chromium (Cr
6+) salt toxicity is big, serious environment pollution destroys the eubiosis, and the injury staff's is healthy, is to cause environmental pollution the most serious and to one of heavy metal of human health risk maximum; Simultaneously, traditional sexavalent chrome electroplating technology has begun to face the destiny that is eliminated owing to there are shortcomings such as the chromic acid bath corrosion is big, dispersive ability is poor, current efficiency is low, three wastes processing difficulty.Countries in the world are electroplated sexavalent chrome and have all been carried out strict restriction, have become one of metal and the current problem that presses for solution of alloy electrodeposition research field so seek novel, high-quality functional nickel-base alloy coating.
A kind of as nickel-base alloy coating, the Ni-W alloy layer has good corrosion-proof wear performance by wide coverage, but be applied to produce seldom, reason just is that the internal stress of this coating is higher, fragility is big, if coating is thicker crackle is arranged easily then, causes thick ability of plating and solidity to corrosion relatively poor.In order to remedy the shortcoming of Ni-W, developed the Ni-W-P ternary alloy coating, promptly in electroplated Ni-W alloy solution, add inferior sodium phosphate or phosphorous acid.Wherein the most frequently used is inferior sodium phosphate, but inferior sodium phosphate decomposes easily, and the fragility of the Ni-W-P coating that obtains is still bigger, plates thick ability and also has problems.The phosphorous acid system is because to improving the DeGrain of the P content in the coating, uses lessly, but phosphorous acid is not easy self decomposition in solution, can make plating bath more stable.The phosphorous acid system of bibliographical information, majority is applied under the acidic conditions, and is heavier to the corrosion of equipment, and the coating performance that obtains is relatively poor.This also is that the Ni-W-P alloy plating is not widely used in the major reason of producing.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of novel environment amenable, Ni-W-P ternary alloy electrodeposition cladding with anticorrosion antiwear performance, and the production technique of this coating and electroplate liquid formulation.This coating light is fine and close, can be used as the ornament layer of hardware, can also provide the wear-and corrosion-resistant face for mechanical component, in the work-ing life of elongated component, satisfies the needs of mechanical industry and environmental administration.
The objective of the invention is to realize in the following manner:
A kind of anticorrosive wearable electrodeposit coating of Ni-W-P ternary alloy is that amorphous or amorphous are mingled with nanocrystalline structure, and microhardness is 400～1100Hv; The mass content of W in coating is 1～45wt%, and the mass content of P in coating is 0.1～5wt%, and surplus is Ni.
Preferred 15～the 35wt% of the mass content of W in the described coating in coating, the mass content of P in coating is preferred 0.5～3%, and Ni is a surplus.
A kind of production technique of Ni-W-P ternary alloy anticorrosive wearable electrodeposit coating may further comprise the steps:
A. the preparation of electroplate liquid:
Add clear water earlier, add sodium wolframate 0.015～0.24mol/L again, Trisodium Citrate 0.07～0.7mol/L, citric acid 0.05～0.3mol/L, single nickel salt 0.02～0.4mol/L, phosphorous acid 0.01～0.72mol/L, the dissolving of boric acid 0～0.8mol/L heated and stirred, regulate pH value to 5.0～10.0, add the clear water constant volume again, just can try plating after the heating electroplate liquid;
B. the pre-treatment of plating piece: rust cleaning, oil removing, activation;
C. plating: plating piece is put in the electroplate liquid of preparing among the step a and electroplates after pre-treatment, after having plated, washes, dries up; Dehydrogenation.
A uses ammoniacal liquor and sodium hydroxide adjust pH in the step.
Heating electroplate liquid to 30～90 ℃ in a step.
Electroplating current density was 10～150mA/cm during c went on foot
2
Electroplating used anode is stainless steel, nickel anode, titanium oxide inert anode.
The plating piece that has plated is at 180～220 ℃ of following dehydrogenation 1～4h.
The preferred version of this technology is: add clear water earlier, be heated to 50 ℃～60 ℃, add sodium wolframate 0.015～0.24mol/L+ Trisodium Citrate 0.07～0.7mol/L+ citric acid 0.05～0.3mol/L again, stirring and dissolving adds single nickel salt 0.02～0.4mol/L then successively, phosphorous acid 0.01～0.72mol/L, boric acid 0～0.8mol/L, stirring and dissolving is regulated pH value to 5.0～10.0 with ammoniacal liquor and sodium hydroxide respectively, add the clear water constant volume, Heating temperature to 40～90 ℃ examination plating; Electroplating current density is 10～150mA/cm
2
Electroplate liquid is formed and is comprised: sodium wolframate 0.015～0.24mol/L, Trisodium Citrate 0.07～0.7mol/L, citric acid 0.05～0.3mol/L, single nickel salt 0.02～0.4mol/L, phosphorous acid 0.01～0.72mol/L, boric acid 0～0.8mol/L.
Electroplate liquid is preferably formed and is comprised: sodium wolframate 0.03～0.12mol/L, Trisodium Citrate 0.14～0.35mol/L, citric acid 0.1～0.2mol/L, single nickel salt 0.08～0.24mol/L, phosphorous acid 0.06～0.36mol/L, boric acid 0～0.48mol/L.
The present invention can electroplate on carbon steel, steel alloy, copper and alloy thereof, aluminium and body materials such as alloy, neodymium iron boron thereof and obtain the fine and close Ni-W-P ternary alloy coating of light.Under nearly neutrallty condition,, yet there are no report from containing the fine and close Ni-W-P ternary coating of aqueous solution electrodeposition light of phosphorous acid.The corrodibility of this plating bath is very little, good stability, and covering power and dispersive ability are good; Coating and basal body binding force are good, ability diluted acid, alkali, salt and hydrogen sulfide, and wear resistance is better than or is equivalent to chromium coating.Bath concentration is low, and drag-out is little, and whole electroplating process is carried out process for cleanly preparing, compliance with environmental protection requirements, and plating bath is very little to the injury of equipment and human body, meets the requirement that sustainability is produced.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the XRD figure of Ni-W-P ternary alloy coating plated state
Fig. 2 is the SEM figure of Ni-W-P ternary alloy coating plated state
Fig. 3 is the print roller sketch drawing behind electroplated Ni-W-P ternary alloy
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiment, but it does not have any restriction to the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
1. plating bath configuration
In plating tank, add clear water, be heated to 50 ℃～60 ℃, add sodium wolframate 0.09mol/L again, Trisodium Citrate 0.14mol/L, citric acid 0.1mol/L, stirring and dissolving.Add single nickel salt 0.08mol/L then, phosphorous acid 0.24mol/L, boric acid 0.48mol/L, stirring and dissolving is regulated pH value to 7.0 with ammoniacal liquor and sodium hydroxide, adds the clear water constant volume again, just can try to plate after at last solution being heated to 75 ℃.
2. the pre-treatment of workpiece
Workpiece material is a soft steel, through rust cleaning, oil removing, activation treatment.
3. plating
Workpiece is put in the plating tank after pre-treatment, at current density 70mA/cm
2Under electroplate time 1.5h.After having plated, wash, dry up.
4. dehydrogenation
Workpiece after the plating is incubated 2h down at 200 ℃.
5. check
Check earlier whether coating is apparent bright, fine and close, phenomenon such as whether pin hole, plating leakage, peeling are arranged, burn, then coating has been carried out the sign of quantitative analysis and structure (XRD), microscopic appearance (SEM), to coating solidity to corrosion under various conditions, wear resistance and bonding force detect, and measure coating hardness with microhardness tester.
The result of present embodiment is as follows:
Tungstenic 29.81wt% in the Ni-W-P alloy layer, containing Ni is 68.97wt%, containing P is 1.12wt%.
Ni-W-P coating is nanocrystalline structure, sees accompanying drawing 1.
Microscopic appearance: the smooth densification of Ni-W-P coating, porosity is low, sees accompanying drawing 2.
Microhardness: the plated state hardness of the Ni-W-P alloy that above-mentioned technology plates out is 550～700Hv, and after the Overheating Treatment dehydrogenation, hardness can reach 900～1100Hv.
Solidity to corrosion: the corrosive power of coating acid-and base-resisting, salt is all fine.
The bonding force of coating and base material: through international scribble method or doubling test, the bonding force of base materials such as coating and steel, iron, copper is all fine.
Wear resistance: suitable with chromium coating through test Ni-W-P coating.
Embodiment 2:
1. plating bath configuration
Earlier in plating tank, add clear water, be heated to 50 ℃～60 ℃, add sodium wolframate 0.09mol/L again, Trisodium Citrate 0.14mol/L, citric acid 0.1mol/L, stirring and dissolving.Add single nickel salt 0.08mol/L then, phosphorous acid 0.12mol/L, stirring and dissolving is regulated pH value to 6.5 with ammoniacal liquor and sodium hydroxide, adds the clear water constant volume again, just can try to plate after at last solution being heated to 75 ℃.
2. the pre-treatment of workpiece
Workpiece material is a soft steel, through rust cleaning, oil removing, activation treatment.
3. plating
Workpiece is put in the plating tank after pre-treatment.At current density 70mA/cm
2Following plating, time 1.5h.After having plated, wash, dry up.
4. dehydrogenation
Workpiece after the plating is incubated 2h down for 200 ℃.
5. check
Present embodiment gained Ni-W-P coating component is tungsten 31.60wt%, and containing Ni is 67.61wt%, and containing P is 0.79wt%.The smooth densification of coating, bonding force, anti-corrosion, wear resistance good.
Embodiment 3:
1. the plating bath configuration is with example 1
2. the pre-treatment of workpiece
Workpiece material is a brass, through rust cleaning, oil removing, activation treatment.
3. plating
Workpiece is put in the plating tank after pre-treatment.Electroplating current density 70mA/cm
2Following plating, time 1.5h.After having plated, wash, dry up.
4. dehydrogenation
200 ℃ of following remove-insurance temperature 2h of the workpiece that has plated.
5. check
The coating of present embodiment gained light is fine and close, bonding force, anti-corrosion, wear resistance is good.
Embodiment 4:
1. the plating bath configuration is with example 1
2. the pre-treatment of workpiece
Material is NbFeB sintered magnet, through overbaking, rust cleaning, oil removing, activation treatment.
3. plating
Workpiece is put in the plating tank after pre-treatment.Electroplating current density 70mA/cm
2Following plating, time 45min.After having plated, wash, dry up.
4. dehydrogenation
The workpiece that has plated is incubated 2h down for 200 ℃.
5. check
The Ni-W-P coating of present embodiment gained light is fine and close, and bonding force, solidity to corrosion are good.
Embodiment 5:
1. the plating bath configuration is with example 2
2. the pre-treatment of workpiece
The copper facing of printing roller (45# steel) process, polishing back are as workpiece to be plated.Workpiece to be plated is successively through rust cleaning, oil removing, activation treatment.
3. plating
Workpiece is put in the plating tank after pre-treatment.Electroplating current density 65mA/cm
2Following plating, time 1h.After having plated, wash, dry up.
4. dehydrogenation
Workpiece after having plated is incubated 2h down for 200 ℃.
5. check
Workpiece behind present embodiment gained electroplated Ni-W-P is seen accompanying drawing 3.Coating light is fine and close, bonding force, anti-corrosion, wear resistance good.
Embodiment 6:
1. plating bath configuration
Earlier in plating tank, add clear water, be heated to 50 ℃～60 ℃, add sodium wolframate 0.09mol/L again, Trisodium Citrate 0.28mol/L, citric acid 0.1mol/L, stirring and dissolving.Add single nickel salt 0.16mol/L then, phosphorous acid 0.24mol/L, stirring and dissolving is regulated pH value to 6.5 with ammoniacal liquor and sodium hydroxide, adds the clear water constant volume again, just can try to plate after at last solution being heated to 75 ℃.
2. the pre-treatment of workpiece
Workpiece material is a rich chromium cast iron, through rust cleaning, oil removing, activation treatment.
3. plating
Workpiece is put in the plating tank after pre-treatment.Electroplating current density 60mA/cm
2Following plating, time 7h.After having plated, wash, dry up.
4. dehydrogenation
The plating piece that has plated is incubated 2h down for 400 ℃.
5. check
Present embodiment gained Ni-W-P coating light is fine and close, and bonding force, solidity to corrosion are good, coating hardness 850～1000Hv.
Claims (10)
1. the anticorrosive wearable electrodeposit coating of a Ni-W-P ternary alloy is characterized in that, coating is that amorphous or amorphous are mingled with nanocrystalline structure, and microhardness is 400～1100Hv; The mass content of W in coating is 1～45wt%, and the mass content of P in coating is 0.1～5wt%, and surplus is Ni.
2. according to the anticorrosive wearable electrodeposit coating of claim 1 a Ni-W-P ternary alloy, the mass content of the W in the described coating in coating is 15～35wt%, and the mass content of P in coating is 0.5～3%, and Ni is a surplus.
3. the production technique of a Ni-W-P ternary alloy anticorrosive wearable electrodeposit coating is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
A. the preparation of electroplate liquid:
Add clear water earlier, add sodium wolframate 0.015～0.24mol/L again, Trisodium Citrate 0.07～0.7mol/L, citric acid 0.05～0.3mol/L, single nickel salt 0.02～0.4mol/L, phosphorous acid 0.01～0.72mol/L, the dissolving of boric acid 0～0.8mol/L heated and stirred, regulate pH value to 5.0～10.0 with ammoniacal liquor and sodium hydroxide, add the clear water constant volume again, just can try plating after the heating electroplate liquid;
B. the pre-treatment of plating piece: rust cleaning, oil removing, activation;
C. plating: plating piece is put in the electroplate liquid of preparing among the step a and electroplates after pre-treatment, after having plated, washes, dries up; Dehydrogenation.
4. according to the production technique of claim 3 Ni-W-P ternary alloy anticorrosive wearable electrodeposit coating, it is characterized in that heating electroplate liquid to 30～90 ℃ in a step.
5. according to the production technique of claim 3 Ni-W-P ternary alloy anticorrosive wearable electrodeposit coating, it is characterized in that electroplating current density was 10～150mA/cm during c went on foot
2
6. according to the production technique of claim 3 Ni-W-P ternary alloy anticorrosive wearable electrodeposit coating, it is characterized in that electroplating used anode is stainless steel, nickel anode, titanium oxide inert anode.
7. according to the production technique of claim 3 Ni-W-P ternary alloy anticorrosive wearable electrodeposit coating, it is characterized in that the plating piece that has plated is at 180～220 ℃ of following dehydrogenation 1～4h.
8. according to the production technique of claim 3 Ni-W-P ternary alloy anticorrosive wearable electrodeposit coating, it is characterized in that, the preparation and the examination plating process of described a electroplate liquid in the step are: add clear water earlier, be heated to 50 ℃～60 ℃, add sodium wolframate 0.015～0.24mol/L+ Trisodium Citrate 0.07～0.7mol/L+ citric acid 0.05～0.3mol/L again, stirring and dissolving, add single nickel salt 0.02～0.4mol/L then successively, phosphorous acid 0.01～0.72mol/L, boric acid 0～0.8mol/L, stirring and dissolving is regulated pH value to 5.0～10.0 with ammoniacal liquor and sodium hydroxide respectively, add the clear water constant volume, Heating temperature to 40～90 ℃ examination plating; Electroplating current density is 10～150mA/cm
2
9. the electroplate liquid of a Ni-W-P ternary alloy anticorrosive wearable electrodeposit coating, it is characterized in that: the composition of described electroplate liquid comprises: sodium wolframate 0.015～0.24mol/L, Trisodium Citrate 0.07～0.7mol/L, citric acid 0.05～0.3mol/L, single nickel salt 0.02～0.4mol/L, phosphorous acid 0.01～0.72mol/L, boric acid 0～0.8mol/L.
10. according to the electroplate liquid of claim 9 Ni-W-P ternary alloy anticorrosive wearable electrodeposit coating, it is characterized in that, the composition of described electroplate liquid comprises: sodium wolframate 0.03～0.12mol/L, Trisodium Citrate 0.14～0.35mol/L, citric acid 0.1～0.2mol/L, single nickel salt 0.08～0.24mol/L, phosphorous acid 0.06～0.36mol/L, boric acid 0～0.48mol/L.
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