CN101441583B - 单一实例存储池的复制和恢复 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种管理单一实例存储的系统和方法。计算机系统包括至少两个备份服务器,每个备份服务器包括在单一实例存储池中。第一备份服务器从第一存储池传送识别数据片断的第一解除复制列表到第二备份服务器。第一备份服务器从第二备份服务器接收识别数据片断子集的第二解除复制列表,并且传送数据片断子集到第二备份服务器。响应从第一备份服务器接收第一列表,第二备份服务器对照第二存储池解除复制第一列表,并且传送第二列表到第一备份服务器。响应接收数据片断的子集,第二备份服务器添加接收到的数据片断到第二存储池。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及计算机系统,并且尤其涉及在计算机系统内的备份文件的复制和恢复。
背景技术
组织机构通过某种类型的备份机制保护驻留在多种客户端设备上的数据的需求日益增长。例如,许多客户端设备可耦接到网络上,一个或多个备份服务器也耦接到所述网络。所述备份服务器可进一步耦接到一个或多个磁带驱动器或者其它备份介质。在每个客户端设备上的备份代理可依照多种进度表、策略等将数据文件传送到备份服务器,以在备份介质上存储。例如,大的备份数据集可从客户端设备移动到被配置为存储数据的媒体服务器以便稍后取回,由此使数据避免由于用户错误、系统故障、断电以及灾难等的丢失。另外,这样的备份程序可用于规则的遵守、工作流程跟踪等目的。
为了减小存储备份数据需要的存储池的大小,单一实例存储(SIS)技术有时用在每个备份位置。在一些SIS技术中,数据被存储在片断(segment)中,每个片断有可以用来明确地识别该片断的指纹。例如,数据文件可以被分割为片断,并且为每个片断计算出指纹。随后数据片断的复制副本被片断的单一实例以及单一实例的引用集替换。为了取回(retrieve)备份文件,指纹集被送往备份服务器,在那里指纹集和存储在相关存储池中的数据的指纹作比较。对于每个匹配的指纹,数据片断被取回。得到的片断被重新组合以产生想要的文件。
为了使数据更随时可用,可能想要复制存储池的一部分。例如,存储池的内容可能被复制并且存储在它们可被取回的远程位置(例如,从灾难性数据丢失中恢复)。可选择的,跨国企业可在空闲时间复制存储池或者它的一部分从而使数据更容易从多个位置(可能在不同的洲)取回,而不需要按需传送大量信息。在传统的系统中,复制通常包括重组要从存储在源存储池中的相应数据片断复制的文件,并且将它们传送到其中SIS技术可被再应用的目标存储池。不幸的是,此处理可能导致对于那些有多个引用的数据而言有多个重组。另外,传送作为结果的大数据集在时间和带宽消费方面是昂贵的。当数据需要被逆向复制回其初始源存储池时(例如在服务器故障的事件中),这些问题同样出现。由于以上这些,需要解决这些问题的复制单一实例存储池的有效系统和方法。
发明内容
公开了计算机系统的各实施例。在一个实施例中,计算机系统包括至少两个单一实例存储池(single-instance storage pool),每个存储池包括一个或更多备份服务器。第一备份服务器被配置为传送第一解除复制列表到与识别第一存储池的一个或多个数据片断的第二存储池相关的第二备份服务器。响应从第一备份服务器接收第一列表,第二备份服务器被配置为对照第二存储池解除复制(de-duplicate)第一列表创建识别一个或多个数据片断的至少一个子集的第二解除复制列表,并传送第二列表到第一备份服务器。第一备份服务器被配置为接收第二列表并传送一个或多个数据片断的子集到第二备份服务器。响应接收一个或多个数据片断的子集,第二备份服务器被配置为添加子集到第二存储池。
在另外的实施例中,对于存储在第一或第二单一实例存储池中的每个数据片断,还存储(i)识别数据片断的相关指纹,以及(ii)对从其接收数据片断的副本以进行备份的一个或多个客户端中每个客户端的引用(reference)。在一个实施例中,第一列表包括每个数据片断的相关的引用,第二备份服务器被配置为对照第二单一实例存储池解除复制数据片断和每个数据片断的相关的引用。
这些以及其它实施例基于以下说明和附图的描述将变得明显。
附图说明
图1示例出计算机系统的一个实施例。
图2是一对备份服务器的一个实施例的概括结构图。
图3示例出存储池数据条目的一个实施例。
图4是备份服务器的一个实施例的更详细的结构图。
图5示例出在存储数据集到存储池之前解除复制数据集过程的一个实施例。
图6示例出添加备份数据集到单一实例存储池中过程的一个实施例。
图7示例出复制单一实例存储池过程的一个实施例。
图8示例出逆向复制单一实例存储池过程的一个实施例。
尽管可以容易地对本发明进行各种修改以及各种备选形式,但是其具体实施例在附图中示出并被详细描述。但是,应当理解,所附附图以及详细描述不是为了将本发明限制为已公开的特定形式,相反,本发明涵盖落在由所附权利要求定义的本发明精神和范围内的各种修改、等价物和替换物。
具体实施方式
图1示例计算机系统100的一个实施例。如图所示,系统100包括代表任何数量的固定客户端计算机的桌面客户端110和120。系统100还包括代表任何数量的移动客户端计算设备例如膝上型电脑、掌上电脑等的移动客户端130和140。系统100另外包括可能各自包括备份介质155和165的备份服务器150和160。备份介质155和165可以是可移动介质例如磁带或者磁盘,以及硬盘、存储器、或者其它和备份服务器150和160相关的存储设备。在可选实施例中,备份介质155和165可能和备份服务器150和160分开。每个客户端110、120、130和140以及服务器150和160耦接到网络170。网络170可能包括通过一个或多个调制解调器连接到广域网(WAN)/因特网和或公共交换电话网(PSTN)的局域网(LAN)。
在可选实施例中,客户端的数量和型号并不局限于桌面客户端110和120和移动客户端130和140。几乎任何数量和组合的桌面以及移动客户端可以通过调制解调器组、直接LAN连接、无线连接、WAN连接等的多种组合连接到网络170。同样,在不同时间,一个或多个客户端可能脱机操作。另外,在操作期间,随着移动用户从一个地方移动到另一个地方,连接、断开和重新连接到网络170,各个客户端连接类型可能改变。
如图所示,尽管系统100由客户端和服务器组成,但在可选实施例中,连接到网络170的每个设备可在不同时间扮演客户端或服务器角色。在另一个可选实施例中,系统100可以包括有或没有集中控制服务器的对等网络。
在系统100中,可能想要保护与任何客户端110、120、130和140相关的数据。为了保护客户端数据,多种备份操作是可能的。例如,在一个实施例中,备份服务器150和或备份介质155可将来自一个或多个客户端的数据存储在第一存储池中。来自一个或多个客户端的数据的第二副本可被存储在备份服务器160和/或备份介质165上的第二存储池中。在操作中,位于每个客户端110、120、130和140上的数据保护软件可在后台执行来完成数据备份。备份频率和存储位置可取决于多种因素(包括数据保护的紧迫性、介质存储空间的可用性、网络连接状态、以及企业政策)。例如,在一个实施例中,来自备份服务器150上存储池的数据可被复制在备份服务器160上的存储池上。可依照时间表或者在通过管理政策、安全政策、或者为了满足企业的其它需求而确定的其他时间来进行这样的复制。另外,在许多时候,已经被复制的数据可能被逆向复制(reverse-replicate)。例如,从备份服务器150上的存储池复制到备份服务器160上的存储池的数据可被逆向复制到备份服务器150上的存储池。可出于多种原因而执行逆向复制,例如恢复由于无意的删除、系统故障、灾难等而丢失的数据。
现在转到图2,示出备份服务器150和160的概括结构图。如图所示,备份服务器150包括单一实例存储(SIS)控件210、备份介质220、以及复制SIS控件240。备份服务器150代表共同组成第一存储池的一个或多个备份服务器。备份介质220包括数据条目230A-230N。在这里通过参考数字后面加字母提到的组件可以统一地用该数字单独表示。例如,数据条目230A-230N可以称为数据条目230。每个条目230包括数据234和相关的元数据232。类似的,备份服务器160包括单一实例存储控件250、备份介质260、以及复制SIS控件280。备份服务器160代表共同组成第二存储池的一个或多个备份服务器。备份介质260包括数据条目270A-270N。每个条目270包括数据274和相关的元数据272。
在操作期间,客户端可能备份数据到备份服务器150。例如,在客户端上操作的备份代理可以通过网络170传送数据实体到备份服务器150。作为在这里使用的数据实体可以包括一个或多个文件和/或文件片断或者其它数据结构。在备份服务器150内,SIS控件210可以接收数据实体,执行接收到的数据实体的解除复制,并且存储得到的数据和元数据作为一个或多个条目230。作为在这里使用的解除复制是指,包括寻找数据实体的多个副本并对每个副本用实体的单个副本加上对实体的引用来代替数据实体的多个副本的过程。数据实体的副本可以通过比较一个实体的数字指纹和另一个实体的指纹来识别。如果指纹匹配,则可认为这两个实体彼此是副本。可以通过对数据实体应用特定的函数(例如散列函数)来创建数据实体的数字指纹。在一个实施例中,数字指纹被加密。在一个实施例中,指纹生成函数可以包含消息摘要算法5(MD5)散列函数。可选的散列函数包括安全散列算法(SHA)、校验和、签名数据,以及任何其它适合的函数,以密码方式或者其他方式,用于识别数据实体。在备份介质220内的每个条目230可以包括数据实体234和包括在解除复制期间产生的对数据实体234的引用的相关元数据232。条目230的更详细介绍。
数据可以以类似的方式在备份服务器160上存储在备份介质260中。另外,在不同时间,数据可以从一个存储池到另一个被复制。更明确的,在一个实施例中,复制SIS控件240可以组合数据实体集并且将其从备份介质220传送到备份介质260。同样可以执行逆向复制,在其中复制SIS控件280可以组合数据实体集并且将其从备份介质260传送到备份介质220。下文给出有关复制SIS控件240和280的操作的更多细节。
图3是代表图2中条目230或270之一的条目310的一个实施例的概括结构图。每个条目310可以包括元数据部分320以及相关的数据部分330。元数据320可以包括一个或者多个元数据引用,例如所示的引用321-323。每个引用可以包括描述相关数据330的信息。例如,引用321包括数据实体名341、数据大小351、数据330的指纹361、批号371。批号371可以被用来识别特殊的备份操作,在其中到数据330的相关的引用321被创建。对引用322和323的类似数据被展示。每个引用可以包括其它信息,例如类型、版本号、所有权、许可、修改时间、错误代码等等。元数据的其它形式和/或标识符对于本领域的普通技术人员是明显的。
图4是备份服务器150的一个实施例的更详细的结构图。除SIS控件210、备份介质220和复制SIS控件240之外,示出备份历史记录245。在操作期间,复制SIS控件240可以从SIS控件210预订备份更新并且存储相应条目在备份历史记录245中。更明确的,在备份操作期间,SIS控件210可以接收使用批号标记的数据片断批。批号可以被发送到预订复制SIS控件240。在一个实施例中,备份可以是递增的,即当数据实体被修改时,仅可将新数据片断发送到备份服务器150。对每个接收到的批号,复制SIS控件240可以在备份历史记录245中创建条目。例如,在举例说明的实施例中,复制SIS控件240已经在备份历史记录245中创建每个都包括相应批号的条目290-292。在备份历史记录245中的条目对应于在自最后复制操作起接收到的备份批。在复制期间,已经存储到备份历史记录245中的条目被用来确定要复制哪些批,而不是复制所有备份介质220。一旦复制完成,备份历史记录245可以被清除。
图5示例在将数据集存储到存储池之前对其解除复制的过程500的一个实施例。过程500可以开始于接收与数据片断群(例如备份数据集)相关的指纹的列表(图框510)。列表中每个指纹可以包括一个或多个引用,每一个引用都表明源有数据片断副本。例如,如果多于一个的备份代理已经将数据片断的副本给了备份数据集,该备份数据集可以包括带有对每个源代理的引用的片断的单一实例。一旦指纹列表被接收,指纹被选择(图框520)。可将所选指纹与在存储池中的指纹比较(图框530)。如果所选指纹和已经存在于存储池中的任何数据片断的指纹不匹配(判断图框540),则可将指纹和它相关的引用保持在列表上(图框542)。如果所选指纹与已经存在于存储池中的数据片断的指纹匹配(判断图框540),则可将与所选指纹相关的引用与已经与来自存储池中的匹配指纹相关的引用进行比较(判断图框550)。如果引用与任何现有的匹配指纹的引用不匹配,该引用可以保特在列表上(图框552)。如果该引用与匹配指纹的任何任何现有引用匹配,该引用可以被从列表上移除。一旦所有的引用已经被比较,所述匹配指纹可以被从列表上移除(图框560),保留没有匹配的任何引用。一旦所选指纹和它的引用的比较已经完成,如果所选指纹是列表上的最后指纹(判断图框570),则列表的解除复制完成,并且可以返回解除复制列表(图框580)。否则,可以选择其它指纹(图框575)并且过程500可以返回到图框530,从而为每个列表条目执行指纹和引用比较。
图6示例增加备份数据集到单一实例存储池的过程600的一个实施例。过程600可以由接收解除复制的备份数据批开始(图框610)。例如,在客户端服务器计算机网络中的备份服务器可以从在网络中的客户端执行的备份代理中接收将被存储到备份存储池中的数据批。另外,批可以依照类似图5中示例的过程被过滤。在可选实施例中,如果备份数据批没有被发送客户端解除复制,它可以在由接收备份服务器接收时解除复制。一旦数据批被接收,在批中的每个项目#可以被添加到预订列表中(图框630)。在预订列表中的项目可以转发到复制控件(图框640),在那它们可以被存储到备份历史记录中(图框650)。另外,来自解除复制的批中的新数据片断可以被添加到单一实例存储池中(图框660),并且从解除复制批的到现有数据片断的新引用可以被添加到在单一实例存储池中的其相关数据片断中(图框670)。在所有新数据片断和引用已经被添加到单一实例存储池中之后,过程600完成(图框680)。
图7示例出复制单一实例存储池的过程700的一个实施例。在过程700中,来自复制源(图7左侧)的存储池可以被复制到在复制目标(图7右侧)上的目标池。举例说,复制源和目标可以是两个备份服务器。过程700可以由在复制源上接收复制请求开始(图框710)。响应复制请求,复制源可以把包含数据片断和引用的列表的历史记录传送到复制目标(图框720)。在一个实施例中,历史记录可以包括从最后一次复制起在源单一实例存储池中已经改变的数据片断和引用的列表。响应接收历史记录,复制目标可以对照目标单一实例存储池解除复制历史记录(图框730),并且返回解除复制的历史记录到复制源(图框740)。响应接收解除复制的历史记录,复制源可以组合相应的解除复制数据批(图框750)并且转发解除复制数据批到复制目标(图框760)。响应接收复制数据批,所述复制目标可以从解除复制数据批添加数据片断和引用到目标单一实例存储池(图框770)。在所有批数据片断和引用已经被添加到目标单一实例存储池后,过程700完成(图框780)。
图8示例出逆向复制单一实例存储池的过程800的一个实施例。在过程800中,来自逆向复制源(图8左侧)的存储池可以逆向复制到逆向复制目标(图8右侧)上的目标池(图8右侧)。举例说,该逆向复制源和目标可以是两个备份服务器。过程800可以从在逆向复制源上接收逆向复制请求开始(图框810)。响应逆向复制请求,逆向复制源可以组合本地存储池条目的解除复制列表(图框820)并且将列表发送到逆向复制目标(图框830)。在一个实施例中,该列表可以包括与在从最后一次逆向复制起在源单一实例存储池中已经改变的数据片断和引用相应的条目。响应接收列表,逆向复制目标可以对照目标单一实例存储池解除复制列表(图框840),并且返回解除复制列表到逆向复制源(图框850)。响应接收解除复制列表,逆向复制源可以组合相应解除复制数据批(图框860),并且转发解除复制数据批到逆向复制目标(图框870)。响应接收解除复制数据批,逆向复制目标可以从解除复制数据批添加数据片断和引用到目标单一实例存储池(图框880)。在所有批数据片断和引用被添加到目标单一实例存储池后,过程800完成(图框890)。
应该被注意以上介绍的实施例可以包括软件。在这样的实施例中,完成方法和/或装置的程序指令可以被传送或者存储在计算机可读介质中。被配置为存储程序指令的许多类型的介质是可用的,并且包括硬盘、软盘、CD-ROM、DVD、快闪存储器、可编程ROM(PROM)、随机存取存储器(RAM)、以及多种其它形式的易失性或非易失性存储器。
尽管以上实施例已经很详细地做了说明,一旦以上公开被充分意识到,多种变化和修改对于本领域技术人员将变得明显。之后的权利要求试图解释为包含所有这样的变化和修改。
Claims (12)
1.一种计算机系统,包括:
第一存储池;和
第二存储池;
其中所述第一存储池的第一备份服务器被配置为:
从第一存储池传送识别一个或多个数据片断的第一解除复制列表到与第二存储池相关的第二备份服务器;
从第二备份服务器接收识别所述一个或多个数据片断的至少一个子集的第二解除复制列表;和
传送所述一个或多个数据片断的所述子集到第二存储池;
其中响应从所述第一备份服务器接收第一解除复制列表,所述第二备份服务器被配置为:
对照第二存储池解除复制所述第一解除复制列表,以创建第二解除复制列表;和
传送第二解除复制列表到第一备份服务器;
其中响应接收所述一个或多个数据片断的所述子集,所述第二备份服务器进一步被配置为添加所述一个或多个数据片断的所述子集到第二存储池;
其中所述第一存储池和第二存储池为单一实例存储池。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统,进一步包括一个或多个客户端,
其中对于存储在第一或者第二存储池中的每个数据片断,存储了识别数据片断的指纹和对从其接收数据片断的副本以进行备份的每个客户端的引用;以及
其中为了解除复制所述第一解除复制列表,所述第二备份服务器进一步被配置为对照所述第二存储池解除复制数据片断和每个数据片断的相关引用。
3.如权利要求2所述的系统,其中所述识别数据片断的指纹被加密。
4.如权利要求1所述的系统,进一步包括一个或多个客户端,其中每个客户端被配置为:
组合仅包括不具有已经存储在所述第一存储池中的备份副本的数据片断的数据片断批;和
传送所述组合的数据片断批到所述第一备份服务器。
5.如权利要求4所述的系统,
其中每个客户端被配置为分配批号到组合的数据片断批中的数据片断和引用;和
其中所述第一备份服务器进一步被配置为:
在备份历史记录中存储批号;
仅选择批号被存储在备份历史记录中的数据片断和引用以包含在所述第一解除复制列表中;以及
在每次复制后清除备份历史记录。
6.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中响应逆向复制第二存储池的至少一部分的请求,所述第二备份服务器被配置为:
传送识别一个或多个数据片断的第一解除复制逆向列表到第一备份服务器;
从所述第一备份服务器接收识别所述第一解除复制逆向列表的一个或多个数据片断的至少一个子集的第二解除复制逆向列表;和
传送所述一个或多个数据片断的至少一个子集到所述第一备份服务器;
其中响应从第二备份服务器接收第一解除复制逆向列表,所述第一备份服务器被配置为:
对照所述第一存储池解除复制所述第一解除复制逆向列表;和
传送所述第二解除复制逆向列表到第二备份服务器;和
其中响应接收所述一个或多个数据片断的至少一个子集,所述第一备份服务器进一步被配置为添加所述一个或多个数据片断的至少一个子集到所述第一存储池。
7.一种在备份服务器之间复制单一实例存储池的方法,所述方法包括:
第一备份服务器从第一存储池传送识别一个或多个数据片断的第一解除复制列表到与第二存储池相关的第二备份服务器;
第二备份服务器响应从第一备份服务器接收第一解除复制列表,对照所述第二存储池解除复制所述第一解除复制列表,以创建识别所述一个或多个数据片断的至少一个子集的第二解除复制列表;
第二备份服务器传送所述第二解除复制列表到第一备份服务器;
第一备份服务器从第二备份服务器接收所述第二解除复制列表;
第一备份服务器传送所述一个或多个数据片断的至少一个子集到第二备份服务器;和
第二备份服务器响应接收所述子集,添加所述子集到第二存储池。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法,进一步包括:
对于存储在第一或者第二存储池中的每个数据片断,存储识别数据片断的指纹和对从其接收数据片断的副本以进行备份的一个或多个客户端中的每个客户端的引用;以及
其中对照第二存储池解除复制第一解除复制列表还包括对照所述第二存储池解除复制数据片断和每个数据片断的相关引用。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法,其中识别数据片断的指纹被加密。
10.如权利要求7所述的方法,进一步包括:
组合仅包括不具有已经存储在所述第一存储池中的备份副本的数据片断的数据片断批;和
传送所述组合的数据片断批到所述第一备份服务器。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法,进一步包括:
为在组合的数据片断批中的数据片断和引用分配批号;和
响应接收组合的数据片断批:
在备份历史记录中存储批号;
仅选择批号被存储在备份历史记录中的数据片断和引用以包含在所述第一解除复制列表中;以及
在每次复制后清除备份历史记录。
12.如权利要求7所述的方法,进一步包括:
第二备份服务器将识别一个或多个数据片断的第一解除复制逆向列表从第二存储池发送到第一备份服务器;
第一备份服务器响应从第二备份服务器接收第一解除复制逆向列表,对照所述第一存储池解除复制所述第一解除复制逆向列表;
第一备份服务器传送识别所述第一解除复制逆向列表的一个或多个数据片断的至少一个子集的第二解除复制逆向列表到第二备份服务器;
第二备份服务器从所述第一备份服务器接收所述第二解除复制逆向列表;
第二备份服务器传送所述一个或多个数据片断的至少一个子集到所述第一备份服务器;和
第一备份服务器响应于接收所述一个或多个数据片断的至少一个子集,添加所述子集到第一存储池。
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