CN101438438A - Electrolytic apparatus with polymeric electrode and methods of preparation and use - Google Patents
Electrolytic apparatus with polymeric electrode and methods of preparation and use Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101438438A CN101438438A CNA200780016601XA CN200780016601A CN101438438A CN 101438438 A CN101438438 A CN 101438438A CN A200780016601X A CNA200780016601X A CN A200780016601XA CN 200780016601 A CN200780016601 A CN 200780016601A CN 101438438 A CN101438438 A CN 101438438A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- carbon
- filled
- electrode
- polymer
- electrolysis installation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 53
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001919 chlorite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052619 chlorite group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorous acid Chemical compound OCl=O QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010442 halite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Inorganic materials [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxidochlorine(.) Chemical compound O=Cl=O OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000004155 Chlorine dioxide Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000019398 chlorine dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002611 lead compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000001877 deodorizing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002421 anti-septic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorous acid Chemical compound ClO QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910018871 CoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000334993 Parma Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYKMNKXPYXUVPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Ti] Chemical compound [C].[Ti] CYKMNKXPYXUVPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPKGOZPBGXJDEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Zn] Chemical compound [C].[Zn] BPKGOZPBGXJDEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000031709 bromination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005893 bromination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010291 electrical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009296 electrodeionization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001475 halogen functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011012 sanitization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009182 swimming Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/24—Halogens or compounds thereof
- C25B1/26—Chlorine; Compounds thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/042—Electrodes formed of a single material
- C25B11/043—Carbon, e.g. diamond or graphene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/467—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction
- C02F1/4672—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electrooxydation
Abstract
The invention provides low cost methods and apparatus that utilize at least one carbon-filled polymeric electrode to electrolytically generate desirable products.
Description
Technical field
The method that the present invention relates to have the electrolysis installation of at least one polymer electrode and the present invention relates to construct and use this equipment, particularly, the present invention relates to comprise the electrolysis installation of at least one polymer electrode, described at least one polymer electrode produces oxidation material with electrolysis mode.
Background technology
Disclosed the antiseptic solution that produces by electrolysis mode.For example, Barger etc. are in U.S. Patent No. 6,255, have disclosed cleaning and the sanitizing composition with electrosterilization assistant in 270.Tremblay etc. have disclosed a kind of efficient electrolysis pond that is used for producing at solution oxidant in publication number is the U.S. Patent application of No.2003/0042134.In fact, Logan is in U.S. Patent No. 2,163, disclosed with electrolysis mode in 793 and produced chlorine dioxide.
Kadlec etc. are in U.S. Patent No. 6,869, have disclosed the content that produces chlorine dioxide with electrochemical means in 518.Chen etc. are in U.S. Patent No. 6,921, have disclosed a kind of method that adopts alkaline chlorate in the mineral acid medium and urea to produce chlorine dioxide as reducing agent in 521.Scheper etc. are in U.S. Patent No. 6,921, have disclosed the method for washing the dish composition automatically and using with electrochemical cell and/or electrolysis unit that comprises the titanium dioxide haloid in 743.Price etc. have disclosed the electrochemical method that is used to wash automatically dish based on signal in publication number is the U.S. Patent application of No.2003/0213503.
Scheper etc. have disclosed the independently self-powered electrolysis unit of a kind of the whole series so that improve the performance of washing dish automatically in publication number is the U.S. Patent application of No.2003/0213704.
Herrington is in U.S. Patent No. 7,008, disclosed a kind of being used for surface and the electrolytic cell that uses the position to carry out disinfection in 523.Tremblay etc. have disclosed the electrolytic cell that is used for producing at apparatus the titanium dioxide halogen in publication number is the U.S. Patent application of No.2004/0149571.Tremblay etc. are in U.S. Patent No. 7,048, have disclosed a kind of electrolytic cell that is used to produce chlorine dioxide in 842.
Roensch etc. are in U.S. Patent No. 7,077, and 995 have disclosed a kind of method of water solution system being handled with the chlorine dioxide that the part produces of being used for.
Summary of the invention
According to one or more embodiment, the present invention relates to a kind of electrolysis installation, described electrolysis installation comprises having the electrolytic cell that at least one is filled with the polymer electrode of carbon.
According to one or more embodiment, the present invention relates to a kind of method, described method comprises providing to have the electrolytic cell that at least one is filled with the polymer electrode of carbon.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing among the application is not to draw in proportion.For the purpose of clear, do not mark all parts among the figure.
Fig. 1 shows the electrolysis installation according to one or more embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
The technology that the present invention can provide electrolysis installation, utilize the system of one or more electrolysis installations and relate to these electrolysis units.According to some aspects, one or more embodiment of the present invention relate to the electrolysis unit with at least one polymer electrode.In some instances, electrolysis unit of the present invention can comprise a plurality of polymer electrodes.For example, this electrolysis unit can have at least one electrode that is used as negative electrode that comprises polymeric material and can have the one or more electrodes as anode that comprise identical or different polymeric material alternatively.In some instances, this polymer electrode can be considered to be filled with conductive component.In certain aspects, compare, the invention provides relatively low but the parts of cost with suitable performance with conventional electrodes.This polymer electrode can be the polymer electrode that is filled with carbon.Further embodiment can relate to other parts that utilization has promoted to conduct or transmit by one or more polymer electrodes of equipment of the present invention the electric current that is applied.Described polymer electrode can further comprise one or more electric cores or electric parts, and described one or more electric cores or electric parts provide the conductivity in entire electrode body scope.For example, this electrolytic cell can have anode and negative electrode, and the arbitrary electrode in described anode and the negative electrode can be or the two can all be wherein embedding at least one metal-cored polymer electrode that has.Described metal-cored so be used for the electrically conducting manner conduction current and reduce by the have a resistance possibility of gradient of electrode.
Electrolysis unit of the present invention can be used to produce one or more products in the electro-catalysis mode by one or more precursors.The aspect of a plurality of electrolysis units of the present invention that comprises more of the present invention can relate to the generation oxidation material.Particularly, aspects more of the present invention can relate to electrolysis mode and produce one or more halo oxidants.For example, one or more electrolysis embodiment of the present invention can comprise with electrolysis mode generation chlorination, bromination or fluorinated compound or its mixture, described compound or its mixture can carry out oxidation to one or more target compounds, and the limiting examples of described target compound comprises bacterium.According to particularly advantageous embodiment more of the present invention, a plurality of electrolysis embodiment of the present invention can be used to produce one or more materials in chlorine, hypochlorous acid material and the chlorine dioxide.Further, some embodiments of the present invention provide a kind of oxidation material, and described oxidation material can be present in or be comprised in the antiseptic solution of original position generation, thereby is generally used for carrying immediately and using.Just as used hereinly, sterilization refers to and makes organism biologically not have activity or become inertia or can not further breed or carry out bacterium colony propagation at least in part.
The further specific embodiment of the present invention relates to provides a kind of electrolysis installation that comprises at least one polymer electrode.Following description relates to the generation chlorine dioxide, but the invention is not restricted to this and the present invention can be used to produce other desired substance.Electrolysis installation among of the present invention one or more embodiment that Fig. 1 exemplarily illustrates can have one or more electrolytic cells 110, and the one or more electrolytic cells in the described electrolytic cell can comprise at least one negative electrode 112 and at least one anode 114.Electrolysis installation 100 can further comprise one or more electrolyte source, and described one or more electrolyte source are communicated with electrolytic cell 110 fluids or can be communicated with described electrolytic cell 110 fluids at least.A plurality of electrolyte flow body sources can be used to provide the function of optionally being selected by device operator with flexible way.Therefore, for example, electrolysis installation can comprise first electrolytical first or main electrolyte source, described first electrolyte comprises one or more lead compound, and described electrolysis installation can comprise second, and electrolytical another is optional or augment electrolyte source, and described second electrolyte comprises one or more other optional lead compound.Described electrolyte can further comprise at least a oxidant that is selected from the following cohort, and described cohort comprises chlorate, perchlorate, inferior halite, permanganate, chromate and peroxide.In other example, described electrolyte can by rock salt or halide such as chlorite or chloride be formed or be made up of rock salt or halide such as chlorite or chloride basically.
This electrolytic cell can be fluidly connected to electrolytic fluid source by ingate 102.Pond 110 comprises that further the product that is used for being produced is delivered at least one outlet opening 104 that uses the position.Pond 110 has body 114, and described body comprises cavity 106, is filled with the electrolyte from one or more electrolyte source in cavity described in the running, has at least a precursor in the described electrolyte.Pond 110 further has the anode 112 that is connected to power supply 130.Body 114 also can be used as negative electrode and is electrically connected to power supply 130 by the one or more metallic conduction cores 115 that are at least partly embedded in the body 114 as shown in the figure.Generally, but member 120 antianodes 112 carry out fastening and make described anode and negative electrode body 114 electric insulations.Therefore, electrolytic cells more of the present invention can comprise body 114, and described body is used for comprising electrolyte and helps in the mode of electrolysis lead compound being changed into the oxidized compound of one or more generations.In other optional embodiment, the body of electrolytic cell can be used as anode.
This aspect of the present invention especially promotes to produce the electrolytic cell that has wherein adopted polymeric material.Therefore, aspects more of the present invention can provide a kind of electrolytical electrode of casting or can be molded and shaped that is configured to comprise.
In running, conduct the electric current that is applied so that produce one or more required compounds by one or more lead compound that are transmitted in the fluid electrolyte that enters in the pond by electrolytic cell.For example, can usually at the anode place of described electrolytic cell or near described anode, produce chlorine dioxide at the electrode place of electrolytic cell or near described electrode by the forerunner's chlorite material in the electrolyte.In specific embodiments more of the present invention, the rock salt compound can be transformed so that sterilization or the deodorizing solution that comprises chlorine dioxide is provided by electrolysis mode.Other suitable required or attached reaction can be benefited from this, and this comprises that those produce the reaction of hypochlorous acid material, chlorine and other oxidation material.Yet, should be noted that in this article: also can have auxiliary oxidation material in the electrolyte.
Can provide electric current by one or more power supplys.In some instances, power supply provide less than about 6 volts but in some instances less than about 4.5 volts and in other example less than about 3 volts DC potential.
According to operating position, can use lower current potential so that produce abundant required product.Yet, generally, can preferably adopt minimum current potential, as at least about 2 volts current potential, so that lead compound is changed into one or more required oxidation products at least in part.The particularly advantageous embodiment of power supply can comprise conventional primary cell such as zinc-carbon, alkalescence or based on electrochemical cell or storage battery and the secondary or the rechargeable storage battery of lithium, for example, but be not limited to NI-G or nickel metal hydride or lithium ion battery.Power supply preferably can comprise one or more batteries, and for example those have the battery of " AA ", " AAA ", " C " and " D " model specification.
Comprise at electrolysis installation under the situation of a plurality of electrolytic cells that the one or more electrolytic fluid source in described at least one electrolytic fluid source can be fluidly connected to, maybe can be connected to, the arbitrary electrolytic cell in the electrolytic cell.In some embodiments of the invention, the one or more parts in the electrolysis installation can be removed and be replaced.For example, can remove, near electrolyte source or otherwise described electrolyte source is filled with fresh electrolyte.Similarly, replaceable power supply or described power supply recharged or otherwise for described power supply reenabiling and further provide electric current for battery thus.
At least a portion of the product solution that is produced can be used to subsequently to using position such as surface to sterilize at least in part or deodorizing.Can utilize any proper technology to carry to comprise the product solution of the oxidant that one or more produce.For example, can be the sterilization that produced or deodorizing solution the air carrying is provided and make it become aerosol maybe can be at least a portion on the surface that needs purify with described sterilization or deodorizing solution spraying.In other example, the solution that is produced that comprises one or more oxidants can be transmitted and enter in the bath that comprises identical or different required oxidant.Target product can be immersed in subsequently wherein so that help and target compound be carried out oxidation or eliminate the activity of described target compound by these one or more oxidation materials.
This polymer electrode can utilize any suitable adhesive component or matrix.For example, described electrode can comprise thermoplasticity or the thermoset copolymer material with conduction or electroactive component, and limiting examples comprises graphite and conductive carbon.The similar technique that can adopt injection moulding or employing to be used for making polymer elements forms described polymer electrode.In fact, polymer electrode can molded and shaped property can provide low-cost electrode, described low-cost electrode with respect to routine based on the surface area that has increase for the electrode of non-polymer, reduced effective current density thus, and reduced working voltage in some instances.For example, polymer electrode can be configured to have the flank (ribs) that increases effective surface area.Further, can improve by the mass transport process in pond and also reduced the sedimental any tendentious surface profile of precipitation calcium oxide (calcerous) in some instances and realized improved electrolytic cell fluid dynamics by the part in pond being cast have smooth surface and make.The limiting examples of polymer adhesive comprises polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethyleneterephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, Merlon, nylon, polymethyl methacrylate and composition thereof or copolymer.Polymer adhesive can further comprise reinforcing agent such as fiber.In some instances, reinforcing member also can be used to promote conductivity.For example, electrode can comprise that the enhancing that is connected to power supply is metal-cored, the metal-cored copper that for example comprises of described enhancing.In some instances, at least a portion of polymer electrode can further comprise electro-catalytic coating.The limiting examples of described electro-catalytic coating comprises valve metal, noble metal, platinum group metal and its oxide and composition thereof.Spendable other coating material comprises for example CoO
2And MnO
2
Electrode can further utilize the netted or net form substrate that is in the molded and shaped electrode.For example, polymeric material can be moulded and have the titanium net.Thereby can by further promote the electrically contacting property of electric contact by means of for example utilizing high pressure spot and by utilizing network structure so that further strengthen the conductive characteristic that contact performance improves electrolytic cell.This network structure for example can comprise copper, nickel, aluminium and silver.
A plurality of system of the present invention and technology can be used in the application scenario the embodiment of the generation chlorine dioxide that discloses except the typical case, and these application scenarios comprise, for example, the electrical method chlorination, produce the oxidant and the swimming pool chlorinator of mixing.Other application scenario comprises as the electrodeionization negative electrode.
Example
Can further understand function and the advantage of these and other embodiment of the present invention by following example, in described example, the benefit of one or more systems of the present invention and one or more technology and/or advantage made explanation but not example all scopes of the present invention are shown.
Example 1
This example will comprise that the performance of the electrolytic cell of the polyethylene electrode that is filled with carbon compares with the performance with electrolytic cell of naked titanium electrode, the described polyethylene electrode that is filled with carbon from Covalence Specialty Materials Corp. (Franklin, Massachusetts).Anode in two kinds of electrolytic cells all be have from Siemens Corporation (Union, NewJersey)
The titanium net electrode of the electroactive coating of RUA-SW.Electrode gap is 2mm.Employed electrolyte solution is a 1M sodium chloride.
Table 1 has been listed the current potential that records under a plurality of running current density.These data show that the polyethylene electrode that is filled with carbon has higher ratio resistivity with respect to the titanium negative electrode.
Table 1. utilization is filled with the polyethylene negative electrode of carbon or the electrolytic cell voltage that the titanium negative electrode records, and unit is a volt
| Current density (kA/m 2) | Be filled with the polyethylene of carbon | Titanium |
| 0.5 | 3.77 | 3.44 |
| 1.0 | 4.3 | 4.01 |
| 2.0 | 5.13 | 5.13 |
Example 2
In this example, by utilizing metal parts, four aluminium bars, and a plurality of contacts are set, and the polymer electrode in the example 1 is produced modification so that improve its performance.Employed anode is to have from Siemens Corporation's
The titanium plate of the electroactive coating of RUA.Electrode gap is that 1.6mm and institute's electrolyte solution are 1M sodium chloride.
Table 2 has been listed having the current potential and this table that record under the situation of a plurality of contacts and has been shown, increase the contact and can improve the electrolytic cell characteristic, reason is that the carbon that loads can be considered to be filled with the polyethylene of carbon granule in some instances, and described carbon granule contacts with each other so that conductive path is provided and provides conductive path for electrode surface.
The electrolytic cell current potential that table 2. utilizes the polyethylene negative electrode that is filled with carbon with a plurality of contacts to record
| Current density (kA/m 2) | Metal parts, the contact | Voltage (volt) |
| 0.5 | 4 A1 bars | 4.6 |
| 4 A1 bars, 2 | 4.48 | |
| 4 A1 bars, 3 | 4.34 | |
| 4 A1 bars, 3 | 4.3 |
Example 3
This example shows and utilizes the polyethylene negative electrode that is filled with carbon in the example 1 and further comprise silver-colored network structure so that promote the performance of the electrolytic cell of conduction.Anode comprise by
The RUA coating is carried out the titanium plate of catalysis.Electrode gap is that 1.6mm and electrolyte are 1M sodium chloride.
Table 3 has been listed at the current potential that has under the situation of netted conductor and do not have to record under the situation of netted conductor and this table and has been shown that performance is improved.
Table 3. utilizes the electrolytic cell current potential have the polyethylene negative electrode that is filled with carbon of netted conductor and not have the polyethylene negative electrode that is filled with carbon of netted conductor to record
| Current density (kA/m 2) | The contact | Voltage (volt) |
| 0.5 | 4 A1 bars, 3 contacts | 3.75 |
| 4 A1 bars, 3 contacts with netted silver conductor | 2.5 |
Example 4
In order further to improve performance, the polyethylene negative electrode that is filled with carbon in the example 1 is handled by reducing capillary reagent.Employed anode be by
The RUA coating is carried out the titanium plate of catalysis.Electrode gap is that 1.6mm and electrolyte solution are sodium chloride.The employed polyethylene negative electrode that is filled with carbon has the silver bar of two aluminium bars and two reticulated polymer foams and the data shown in the table 4 show, this parts have promoted to electrically contact by reducing the electrolytic cell current potential.
Table 4. utilizes and to have carried out the electrolytic cell current potential that the polyethylene negative electrode that is filled with carbon that kinds of surface handles records
| Current density (kA/m 2) | Handle | Voltage (volt) |
| 0.5 | Do not have | 3.16 |
| Electrolysis operation 1 hour | 2.68 | |
| Electrolysis operation 1 hour with contact 15 minutes of n-propyl alcohol | 2.54 | |
| Electrolysis operation 3 hours with contact 15 minutes of n-propyl alcohol | 2.24 | |
| Electrolysis operation 5 hours with contact 15 minutes of n-propyl alcohol | 2.2 | |
| Electrolysis operation 5 hours with contact 15 minutes of n-propyl alcohol | 2.29 |
Example 5
In this example, another kind of optionally carbon-based material, from GrafTechInternational Ltd. (Parma, Ohio)
Graphite cake is used as negative electrode.Be believed that comparing bigger carbon content with the electrode that is filled with carbon should be able to provide improved than resistivity and lower contact resistance.Anode comprise by
Coating is carried out the titanium plate of catalysis.Electrode gap is that 1.6mm and electrolyte solution are sodium chloride.
Table 5 shows the performance of this configuration.
Table 5. utilizes
The performance of the electrolytic cell of graphite cake negative electrode over time
| Current density (kA/m 2) | Electrolytic cell voltage (volt) | At 0.5kA/m 2The electrolysis of carrying out under the condition (hr) |
| 0.5 | 3.02 | Do not have |
| 2.96 | 4.5 | |
| 2.85 | 20.5 | |
| 2.88 |
Example 6
In this example, anode and the negative electrode to example 4 carries out modification so that other optional contact configuration is assessed.In example 4, to comprising the titanium plate and passing through
The anode that coating is carried out catalysis carries out blasting treatment and both connect at place, two contacts, and does not utilize the aluminium contact lever.
The graphite cake negative electrode similarly is constructed with two contacts.The titanium plate is used to provide comparison basis equally.
Table 6 has been listed under a plurality of current densities and has been utilized
The current potential that graphite cake negative electrode and titanium plate cathode are measured.Electrolyte is the 3M sodium chloride solution.At 0.5A/m
2The current density condition under right
Plate carries out 40 hours preliminary treatment.Data show between the titanium negative electrode of graphite cake negative electrode and routine to have suitable performance.
The utilization that table 6. and titanium negative electrode compare
The cell potential that the graphite cake negative electrode records, unit are volt
Example 7
In this example, utilize
Graphite cake is as negative electrode and also come assembled battery as anode.Electrode gap is that 1.6mm and electrolyte solution are sodium chloride.At 0.2A/m
2Current density under, the operation current potential be 3.37 volts.Therefore this example shows, can utilize the electrolytic cell that comprises the electrode that is filled with carbon according to certain aspects of the invention.
Example 8
In this example, by the graphite cake anode is carried out platinum plating and the electrolytic cell in the example 7 is carried out further modification.Under identical operation configuration, the working voltage that records is about 2.99 volts, has reduced the overvoltage current potential thus.
Although exemplary embodiments more of the present invention are described at present, those skilled in the art is to be appreciated that the description of front only is exemplary and does not have restrictedly that these descriptions only illustrate by example.Multiple modification and other embodiment are in those skilled in the art's the scope and are envisioned as and fallen in the scope of the present invention.For example, the anode of electrolytic cell can comprise the polymeric material that is filled with carbon.Particularly, although a plurality of example as herein described relates to the particular combinations of method step or system element, be appreciated that those steps can otherwise make up so that realize identical purpose with those elements.
Those skilled in the art is to be appreciated that parameter as herein described and configuration are exemplary and actual parameter and/or configuration will depend on system of the present invention and the applied specific occasion of technology.Those skilled in the art it should further be appreciated that or only utilizes the convention experiment just can determine the equivalent way of specific embodiment of the present invention.Therefore be appreciated that embodiment as herein described only be illustrated by example and in the scope of appended claims and equivalent way thereof; Can implement the present invention by the mode except that specific describing mode.
In addition, it will also be appreciated that: the present invention relates to any combination of each feature as herein described, system, subsystem or technology and two or more feature as herein described, system, subsystem or technology, if and this feature, system, subsystem and technology are inharmonious each other, any combination of then two or more features, system, subsystem and/or method considered to be in the scope of the present invention of claim qualification.Further, in conjunction with for step, element and the feature of an embodiment discussion, be not intended to get rid of the similar action that it is brought into play in other embodiments for only.
As used herein, term " a plurality of (plurality) " refers to two or more goods or parts.Term " comprises (comprising) ", " comprising (including) ", " having (carrying) ", " having (having) ", " comprising (containing) " and " containing (involving) ", no matter at specification still in claims and similar statement, all be open term, promptly be intended to mean " including but not limited to ".Therefore, the use of this term is intended to comprise the goods of enumerating thereafter, and equivalent way, and additional goods.For claims, only have transitional phrases " by ... form (consisting of) " and " basically by ... form (consisting essentially of) " just be respectively to seal or semi-enclosed transitional phrases.In claims, utilize the succession term as " first (first) ", " second (second) ", " the 3rd (third) " and similar terms are modified under the situation of the element in claims, these terms itself also do not mean that an element in claims is compared with another element and have any priority, between priority or the two precedence is arranged, the perhaps temporary transient order implemented of the step of method, but only be used as that the element that is used for making in claims with specific names and another element with same names make a distinction (but having used the order term) thereby the mark of distinguishing the element in claims.
Claims (22)
1, a kind of electrolysis installation comprises having the electrolytic cell that at least one is filled with the polymer electrode of carbon.
2, electrolysis installation according to claim 1, wherein said at least one polymer electrode that is filled with carbon comprises the conductive carbon that is set among the thermoplastic polymer adhesive.
3, electrolysis installation according to claim 2, wherein said polymer adhesive comprises polyethylene.
4, electrolysis installation according to claim 1 further comprises the body of at least a portion that covers described electrolytic cell, and at least a portion of described body comprises the carbon that is set in the polymer adhesive.
5, electrolysis installation according to claim 4, at least a portion of wherein said body is as at least one electrode of described electrolytic cell.
6, electrolysis installation according to claim 1 further comprises electrolyte source, and described electrolyte comprises at least a material in rock salt and the halide.
7, electrolysis installation according to claim 6, wherein said electrolyte comprises chlorite.
8, electrolysis installation according to claim 6, wherein said electrolyte comprises chloride.
9, electrolysis installation according to claim 6, wherein said electrolyte further comprise at least a oxidant that is selected from the following cohort, and described cohort comprises chlorate, perchlorate, inferior halite, permanganate, chromate and peroxide.
10, electrolysis installation according to claim 1, further comprise be connected to described at least one be filled with on the polymer electrode of carbon and provide power supply for described electrolytic cell less than about 3 volts current potential.
11, electrolysis installation according to claim 10 comprises that further the described current potential that is configured to be provided for described electrolytic cell is adjusted to the circuit at least about 2 volts.
12, electrolysis installation according to claim 1, wherein at least one is filled with the polymer electrode of carbon as negative electrode.
13, electrolysis installation according to claim 1, wherein said at least one polymer electrode that is filled with carbon comprises that at least one is metal-cored.
14, electrolysis installation according to claim 1, wherein said at least one polymer electrode that is filled with carbon comprises the electro-catalytic coating that is set on its surperficial at least a portion.
15, a kind of method, described method comprise providing to have the electrolytic cell that at least one is filled with the polymer electrode of carbon.
16, method according to claim 15, further comprise formation by described at least one be filled with the electric current of the polymer electrode of carbon.
17, method according to claim 16, the step that wherein forms described electric current comprises by providing electric current less than about 3 volts current potential.
18, method according to claim 17, the step that wherein forms described electric current comprises by the current potential at least about 2 volts provides electric current.
19, method according to claim 16, the step that wherein forms described electric current comprises that the terminal with power supply is connected on the polymer negative electrode that is filled with carbon of described electrolytic cell.
20, method according to claim 16, the step that wherein forms described electric current comprises that further the terminal with power supply is connected on the polymer electrode that is filled with carbon, and the described electrostrictive polymer that is filled with carbon has the electroactive coating that is set on its surperficial at least a portion.
21, method according to claim 16, the step that wherein forms described electric current comprise power supply are connected on the polymer electrode that is filled with carbon that the described electrostrictive polymer that is filled with carbon has metal-cored.
22, method according to claim 16, the step that wherein forms described electric current comprises the electric current from power supply is conducted to the polymer electrode that is filled with carbon that described conduction is by realizing with the described contacted conduction reticular component of at least a portion that is filled with the polymer electrode of carbon.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US74670306P | 2006-05-08 | 2006-05-08 | |
| US60/746,703 | 2006-05-08 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101438438A true CN101438438A (en) | 2009-05-20 |
Family
ID=38694424
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA200780016601XA Pending CN101438438A (en) | 2006-05-08 | 2007-05-08 | Electrolytic apparatus with polymeric electrode and methods of preparation and use |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20070256932A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2016639A4 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2009536689A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN101438438A (en) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0709789A2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2651877A1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX2008014300A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2007133535A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2305610B1 (en) * | 2008-07-31 | 2021-03-24 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Sterilizing/antibacterializing device |
| US20120021303A1 (en) * | 2010-07-21 | 2012-01-26 | Steven Amendola | Electrically rechargeable, metal-air battery systems and methods |
| US8802304B2 (en) | 2010-08-10 | 2014-08-12 | Eos Energy Storage, Llc | Bifunctional (rechargeable) air electrodes comprising a corrosion-resistant outer layer and conductive inner layer |
| DK2792004T3 (en) | 2011-12-14 | 2017-12-11 | Eos Energy Storage Llc | ELECTRIC RECHARGEABLE METAL ANODECELE AND BATTERY SYSTEMS AND PROCEDURES |
| US10597313B2 (en) | 2017-02-16 | 2020-03-24 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Chlorination-assisted coagulation processes for water purification |
Family Cites Families (34)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US635622A (en) * | 1899-02-27 | 1899-10-24 | Wilson Waring | Acid-proof bag for fertilizers. |
| US2163793A (en) * | 1937-06-08 | 1939-06-27 | Mathieson Alkall Works Inc | Production of chlorine dioxide |
| US3389200A (en) * | 1966-03-30 | 1968-06-18 | Dow Chemical Co | Process for producing compressed vermicular graphite structures |
| US3507773A (en) * | 1966-12-27 | 1970-04-21 | Kimberly Clark Co | Electrode for use in electrolytes |
| AU414112B2 (en) * | 1969-04-28 | 1971-06-16 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Paraffin-active carbon electrode and method of producing same |
| US4502929A (en) * | 1981-06-12 | 1985-03-05 | Raychem Corporation | Corrosion protection method |
| IT1151365B (en) * | 1982-03-26 | 1986-12-17 | Oronzio De Nora Impianti | ANODE FOR ELECTRILYTIC PROCEDURES |
| US4473450A (en) * | 1983-04-15 | 1984-09-25 | Raychem Corporation | Electrochemical method and apparatus |
| DE3423605A1 (en) * | 1984-06-27 | 1986-01-09 | W.C. Heraeus Gmbh, 6450 Hanau | COMPOSITE ELECTRODE, METHOD FOR THEIR PRODUCTION AND THEIR USE |
| US5098543A (en) * | 1985-05-07 | 1992-03-24 | Bennett John E | Cathodic protection system for a steel-reinforced concrete structure |
| DE3610388A1 (en) * | 1986-03-27 | 1987-10-01 | Bernhard Dr Wessling | STABLE ELECTRODES BASED ON MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS AND METHOD FOR THEIR USE |
| FR2652943B1 (en) * | 1989-10-05 | 1994-07-01 | Electricite De France | CONDUCTIVE MATERIAL FOR ELECTRODE, ELECTRICAL COMPONENT AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF. |
| US5292411A (en) * | 1990-09-07 | 1994-03-08 | Eltech Systems Corporation | Method and apparatus for cathodically protecting reinforced concrete structures |
| US6132645A (en) * | 1992-08-14 | 2000-10-17 | Eeonyx Corporation | Electrically conductive compositions of carbon particles and methods for their production |
| US5879817A (en) * | 1994-02-15 | 1999-03-09 | Eltech Systems Corporation | Reinforced concrete structure |
| US5478676A (en) * | 1994-08-02 | 1995-12-26 | Rexam Graphics | Current collector having a conductive primer layer |
| AU716149B2 (en) * | 1995-08-09 | 2000-02-17 | Procter & Gamble Company, The | Cleaning and disinfecting compositions with electrolytic disinfecting booster |
| US5973913A (en) * | 1997-08-12 | 1999-10-26 | Covalent Associates, Inc. | Nonaqueous electrical storage device |
| US6139705A (en) * | 1998-05-06 | 2000-10-31 | Eltech Systems Corporation | Lead electrode |
| US6395153B1 (en) * | 1998-12-02 | 2002-05-28 | Eltech Systems Corporation | Diaphragm cell |
| US6733639B2 (en) * | 2000-11-13 | 2004-05-11 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Electrode |
| US20030042134A1 (en) * | 2001-06-22 | 2003-03-06 | The Procter & Gamble Company | High efficiency electrolysis cell for generating oxidants in solutions |
| US7048842B2 (en) * | 2001-06-22 | 2006-05-23 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Electrolysis cell for generating chlorine dioxide |
| US6436345B1 (en) * | 2001-03-23 | 2002-08-20 | Chemtreat, Inc. | Method for generating chlorine dioxide |
| US6921743B2 (en) * | 2001-04-02 | 2005-07-26 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Automatic dishwashing compositions containing a halogen dioxide salt and methods for use with electrochemical cells and/or electrolytic devices |
| US7008523B2 (en) * | 2001-07-16 | 2006-03-07 | Miox Corporation | Electrolytic cell for surface and point of use disinfection |
| US20040149571A1 (en) * | 2001-09-06 | 2004-08-05 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Electrolysis cell for generating halogen (and particularly chlorine) dioxide in an appliance |
| US6991876B2 (en) * | 2001-10-05 | 2006-01-31 | Sri International | Metal/active oxygen batteries |
| US7413637B2 (en) * | 2002-05-17 | 2008-08-19 | The Procter And Gamble Company | Self-contained, self-powered electrolytic devices for improved performance in automatic dishwashing |
| US20030213503A1 (en) * | 2002-05-17 | 2003-11-20 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Signal-based electrochemical methods for automatic dishwashing |
| US6869518B2 (en) * | 2002-06-12 | 2005-03-22 | Ecolab Inc. | Electrochemical generation of chlorine dioxide |
| CN1247448C (en) * | 2002-10-21 | 2006-03-29 | 绵阳高新区鑫天科技有限公司 | Process for preparing ClO2 and coproducing organic salts and(or) compound fertilizer simultaneously |
| US7083708B2 (en) * | 2003-07-31 | 2006-08-01 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Oxygen-consuming chlor alkali cell configured to minimize peroxide formation |
| US7179363B2 (en) * | 2003-08-12 | 2007-02-20 | Halox Technologies, Inc. | Electrolytic process for generating chlorine dioxide |
-
2007
- 2007-05-08 WO PCT/US2007/011091 patent/WO2007133535A2/en active Application Filing
- 2007-05-08 CA CA002651877A patent/CA2651877A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-05-08 EP EP07776872A patent/EP2016639A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-05-08 CN CNA200780016601XA patent/CN101438438A/en active Pending
- 2007-05-08 JP JP2009509806A patent/JP2009536689A/en active Pending
- 2007-05-08 MX MX2008014300A patent/MX2008014300A/en unknown
- 2007-05-08 US US11/745,743 patent/US20070256932A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-05-08 BR BRPI0709789-1A patent/BRPI0709789A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2016639A2 (en) | 2009-01-21 |
| JP2009536689A (en) | 2009-10-15 |
| WO2007133535A2 (en) | 2007-11-22 |
| US20070256932A1 (en) | 2007-11-08 |
| BRPI0709789A2 (en) | 2011-07-26 |
| WO2007133535A3 (en) | 2008-01-31 |
| CA2651877A1 (en) | 2007-11-22 |
| EP2016639A4 (en) | 2011-09-14 |
| MX2008014300A (en) | 2008-11-26 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN107017450B (en) | Aluminium-air cell | |
| WO2004025760A1 (en) | Improved fuel for a zinc-based fuel cell and regeneration thereof | |
| CN101438438A (en) | Electrolytic apparatus with polymeric electrode and methods of preparation and use | |
| WO2010134717A2 (en) | Electrolytic synthesis of hydrogen peroxide directly from water and application thereof | |
| Lei et al. | An alkaline Al–H2O2 semi‐fuel cell based on a nickel foam supported Co3O4 nanowire arrays cathode | |
| KR101439953B1 (en) | electrode assembly for hydrogen peroxide generation and Electrochemical system for hydrogen peroxide generation | |
| JPS61165959A (en) | Passage-porous electrode | |
| KR101012086B1 (en) | High current capacity battery | |
| JP2008117721A (en) | Secondary battery | |
| CN107109671B (en) | Tube type electrolytic tank | |
| CN208802872U (en) | A kind of three-dimensional electrolysis catalytic oxidizing equipment | |
| JP2008117720A (en) | Secondary battery | |
| CN105431974B (en) | Metal electrode box and metal-air battery | |
| WO2009143670A1 (en) | Battery of sea water electrolyte | |
| CN109896599A (en) | A kind of metal reduction-electricity Fenton-like system and its application | |
| CN210215565U (en) | Titanium electrode group of sodium hypochlorite generator | |
| CN220564746U (en) | Lithium electricity copper foil anti-oxidation liquid cyclic utilization device and anti-oxidation system | |
| WO2011132326A1 (en) | Secondary battery | |
| CN216378422U (en) | Modular multi-electrode flowing type hydrogen peroxide electrochemical generation device | |
| JP2004256911A (en) | Water electrolyzing apparatus, and method for operating the same | |
| CN208166642U (en) | Electric Fenton electrode group | |
| CN211420321U (en) | Ozone generator for high-efficiency electrolysis method | |
| KR100930360B1 (en) | Membrane electrode assemblies for an electrolytic ozone generator and the electrochemical cell with membrane electrode assemblies | |
| KR101231929B1 (en) | Secondary battery | |
| WO2023218112A2 (en) | Electrochemical cell for ion power plant |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C02 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001) | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |