CN101436357A - Demonstration apparatus for high-temperature superconduction zero resistance phenomenon - Google Patents
Demonstration apparatus for high-temperature superconduction zero resistance phenomenon Download PDFInfo
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- CN101436357A CN101436357A CNA200810246560XA CN200810246560A CN101436357A CN 101436357 A CN101436357 A CN 101436357A CN A200810246560X A CNA200810246560X A CN A200810246560XA CN 200810246560 A CN200810246560 A CN 200810246560A CN 101436357 A CN101436357 A CN 101436357A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device for demonstrating high-temperature superconducting zero resistance phenomenon, and belongs to the field of instructional instruments. The demonstrating device consists of a demonstration instrument host, a sample rod, a sample holder and a superconducting sample. The four-lead superconducting sample is stuck to a metal plate of the sample holder, an insulating plate and the metal plate are suck, and the sample holder is placed in a liquid nitrogen Dewar. A constant current source of the demonstration instrument host supplies 10 to 50 milliamperes of constant current to the superconducting sample through a current lead to detect current signals and voltage signals, and a constant current value or a voltage value of the superconducting sample is respectively displayed on a current digital tube and a voltage digital tube after A/D conversion and signal processing through a multi-channel A/D converter and a singlechip high-performance microprocessor. The device adopts a four-lead resistance method to intuitively demonstrate the zero resistance phenomenon of a superconductor through observing material resistance which is reduced along with temperature reduction and finally disappears as zero resistance, and is suitable for popular science and teaching experiment in science and technology museums or universities and colleges.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the instruments used for education field, relate to a kind of demonstration apparatus for high-temperature superconduction zero resistance phenomenon.
Background technology
1911, when Dutch physicist Ka Mailinangneisi measures at low temperatures resistivity of mercury, observe that resistance suddenly disappears (zero resistance) near-269 ℃ (4.2K), thereby found superconducting phenomenon.
The resistance of material is at a certain specified temp (critical transition temperature T
c) under the phenomenon that suddenly disappears be called zero-resistance phenomenon, it is that material is in one of fundamental property of superconducting state.Zero-resistance phenomenon can adopt four leads method to show with variation of temperature by measuring samples resistance.The method that the present the most frequently used while also is the simplest measurement superconductor critical transition temperature is an electric-resistivity method, determines its T by measuring superconductor resistance with variation of temperature
c
When superconductor reached a certain specified temp in temperature, the transformation of normal state to superconducting state took place.This specified temp is known as the critical transition temperature (T of superconductor
c).The temperature variant quantitative measurment of superconductor resistance normally provides 1mA even littler electric current with constant current source to superconducting sample, with highly sensitive digital voltmeter (microvolt or even nanovolt) display voltage, uses P simultaneously
tResistance thermometer is measured temperature.In order to determine the critical transition temperature of superconductor, must control the rate of temperature fall of superconducting sample in the measuring process, superconductor drops to below the critical transition temperature from room temperature approximately needs 1 hour.Too expensive for equipment needed thereby so that science popularization and teaching are the displaying superconduction zero-resistance phenomenon of purpose, whole process is consuming time long.
Summary of the invention
The zero resistance characteristic that the objective of the invention is one of intrinsic property of demonstrating superconductor apace directly perceived, a kind of demonstration apparatus for high-temperature superconduction zero resistance phenomenon is provided, it is characterized in that, demonstration apparatus for high-temperature superconduction zero resistance phenomenon is by the demonstrator main frame, specimen holder, specimen holder and superconducting sample 1 constitute, described superconducting sample 1 has four to electrically contact good lead contact 2 along its length, the affixed respectively sample lead-in wire of each lead contact 2, two lead-in wires that are positioned at two ends are current feed 3, middle two is voltage lead 4, the bonding composition specimen holder of the layer planes of the layer planes of insulcrete 5 and sheet metal 7, superconducting sample 1 be bonded in specimen holder sheet metal 7 on, four specimen holder lead contact 6 are arranged on the thick-layer of the insulcrete 5 of specimen holder, the current feed 3 of superconducting sample 1 and voltage lead 4 weld with corresponding specimen holder lead contact 6 respectively, and the lead-in wire that passes through specimen holder is connected with the demonstrator main frame, insulcrete 5 is affixed with specimen holder, and specimen holder is installed in specimen holder foremost.Specimen holder is seated in the Dewar container for liquefied nitrogen by specimen holder.The constant current source of demonstrator main frame provides the steady current of 10～50mA for superconducting sample 1 by current feed 3, detect and amplify its current signal by the current detecting amplifying circuit, the voltage detecting amplifying circuit is by the voltage on the voltage lead 4 detection superconducting samples 1 and amplify output voltage signal, above-mentioned current signal and voltage signal be input voltage and input current nixie display circuit after multi-channel a/d converter and monolithic high-performance microprocessor A/D conversion and signal Processing, the constant current value that on the electric current charactron of electric current and voltage nixie display, shows superconducting sample 1, the magnitude of voltage or the resistance value of demonstration superconducting sample 1 on the voltage charactron.
Described superconducting sample 1 is the REBa with sintering process or the preparation of melting texture method
2Cu
3O or Bi
2Sr
2CaCu
2O
xDeng oxide superconducting materials, wherein RE is rare earth element such as Y, Gd, Sm, Nd, Yb or Eu.
Described superconducting sample 1 is a rectangular parallelepiped, the insulating gel that surface-coated is low temperature resistant.
Described lead contact 2, the sample of sintering is made by the method for pressurization of indium metal (In), and the sample electricity consumption evaporation of melting texture or the method for magnetron sputtering are made.
Described insulcrete 5 is a rectangular parallelepiped, and thick-layer and thin layer two parts are arranged, and its material is a bakelite plate.
Described sheet metal 7 is a rectangular parallelepiped, and thick-layer and thin layer two parts are arranged, and its material is brass or red copper.
Measure or demonstration high-temperature superconductor critical temperature T
cThe time, with constant current source by current feed 3 for superconducting sample 1 provides the steady current of 10～50mA, show on the road electric current charactron of current values by the demonstrator main frame that power taking is pressed from the voltage lead, magnitude of voltage shows on the voltage charactron, also can directly show resistance value through handling.When with the cooled with liquid nitrogen superconducting sample, the current value that demonstrator shows is invariable, and voltage or resistance value reduce along with the decline of sample temperature, vanishing when reaching critical transition temperature.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is that the present invention adopts four lead resistance methods, by observing the zero-resistance phenomenon that material resistance reduces with temperature and finally superconductor is demonstrated in disappearance intuitively for the process of " zero ".Constant current source in the demonstrator main frame provides the adjustable current of 0～100mA for superconducting sample, can use the lower voltage table of sensitivity under the condition that satisfies zero resistance demonstration needs.With T
cQuantitative measurment compare, temperature survey can not be carried out in zero-resistance phenomenon demonstration.Use bigger electric current, than the voltage table of muting sensitivity with do not carry out the needs that temperature survey can be satisfied the zero-resistance phenomenon that shows superconductor qualitatively fully.The design and use method of specimen holder can demonstrate superconductor resistance in the short period of time and lower the change procedure that descends and the zero phenomenon of undergoing mutation with temperature under specified temp.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the demonstration apparatus for high-temperature superconduction zero resistance phenomenon block scheme;
Fig. 2 is sample and specimen holder structural representation;
Fig. 3 is four lead-in wire superconducting sample synoptic diagram.
Among the figure, 1 is superconducting sample, and 2 is the sample lead contact, and 3 is current feed, and 4 is voltage lead, and 5 is insulcrete, and 6 is the specimen holder lead contact, and 7 is sheet metal.
Embodiment
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, in the demonstration apparatus for high-temperature superconduction zero resistance phenomenon, the constant current source of demonstrator main frame provides the steady current of 10～50mA for superconducting sample 1 by current feed 3, detect and amplify its current signal by the current detecting amplifying circuit, the voltage detecting amplifying circuit is by the voltage on the voltage lead 4 detection superconducting samples 1 and amplify output voltage signal, above-mentioned current signal and voltage signal be input voltage and input current nixie display circuit after multi-channel a/d converter and monolithic high-performance microprocessor A/D conversion and signal Processing, the constant current value that on the electric current charactron of electric current and voltage nixie display, shows superconducting sample 1, the voltage flow valuve or the resistance value of demonstration superconducting sample 1 on the voltage charactron.Superconducting sample 1 be bonded in specimen holder sheet metal 7 on, the demonstrator main frame provides steady current for superconducting sample 1 by current feed 3 and voltage lead 4 and corresponding lead contact 2 thereof and detects electric current and voltage signal.The thin layer of insulcrete 5 and sheet metal 7 bonds together mutually, form specimen holder, four specimen holder lead contact 6 are arranged on the thick-layer of insulcrete 5, the current feed 3 of superconducting sample 1 and voltage lead 4 weld with corresponding specimen holder lead contact 6 respectively, and the lead-in wire that passes through specimen holder is connected with the demonstrator main frame, insulcrete 5 is affixed with specimen holder, and specimen holder is installed in specimen holder foremost.Specimen holder is regulated by specimen holder, can partly or entirely invade in the liquid nitrogen.Fig. 3 is the four lead-in wire melting texture method superconducting sample outside drawings of making, and also will be cut into rectangular parallelepiped before the use.
Following examples illustrate using method of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
YBa with sintering
2Cu
3O
yThe superconduction disk is cut into semicircle, and cleaning surfaces is clean.Doing 4 electric contacts on the one side of superconducting sample with indium metal.Because the In fusing point is low, quality is soft, and therefore both deformables of pressure a little select the electric contact material of In as four lead-in wire samples.Do 4 contacts by pressing mode is in one line on the one side of oxide superconducting sample, be separated from each other between the contact.With In the mode of 4 thin wires by crimping is connected on 4 contacts again, constitutes four lead-in wire samples.Four lead-in wire sample topography such as Fig. 3, two leads at two ends are current feed, two middle leads are voltage lead.To have the samples of four lead-in wires with the method for soldering is connected with corresponding contact on the specimen holder.For the heat-conducting effect that obtains, four lead-in wire samples will be adjacent to the metal plate sections of specimen holder.In order to insulate, prevent that simultaneously sample from damaging because of making moist at the low temperature resistant acetal glue insulating gel of whole superconducting sample surface-coated with sheet metal.
Reference test bar is connected with the demonstrator main frame.Open the demonstrator power supply, regulate continuous current to the 50mA, it is 50.04mA that the electric current charactron demonstrates the electric current that is carried on the superconducting sample.Simultaneously the voltage charactron demonstrates that the voltage on the sample is 0.232mV under the room temperature (about 300K), is equivalent to that resistance value is 4.64m Ω under the room temperature.
Treat voltage show stable after, specimen holder is inserted liquid nitrogen container, make that the front end of sheet metal enters liquid nitrogen on the specimen holder, sample itself does not enter liquid nitrogen.Superconducting sample is cooled off in heat conduction by sheet metal slowly.In cooling procedure, the current values that instrument shows is constant in 50.04mA, and voltage value descends along with the cooling gradually (being that temperature reduces gradually) of sample, when sample is cooled to its critical transition temperature (about 90K, be higher than liquid nitrogen temperature 77K) time, voltage drops to zero fast.Temperature-fall period was finished in several minutes.
Specimen holder is taken out from liquid nitrogen container, and sample heats up naturally.When sample temperature subcritical transition temperature, sample voltage is zero always, occurs voltage when temperature reaches critical transition temperature, and voltage increases fast, and rising with the continuation of temperature then increases gradually.When temperature returned to room temperature, voltage returned to 0.232mV.
Make superconducting sample and loading current with the method identical with embodiment 1.After the voltage demonstration is stable, specimen holder is directly inserted in the liquid nitrogen, be about to superconducting sample and directly be immersed in the liquid nitrogen.Sample temperature rapidly down will be to liquid nitrogen temperature (77K) from room temperature (about 300K).Because YBa
2Cu
3O
yThe critical transition temperature of superconducting sample is about 90K, the then 0.232mV vanishing under the room temperature rapidly of the voltage on the sample.Temperature-fall period was finished in half a minute.
The melting texture sample is cut into the shape that about 10mm is long, 4mm is wide and 1mm is thick, covers the major part of sample plane, only reserve 4 contact areas that are separated from each other with aluminium foil.Do target with silver (Ag) or gold (Au) and on sample, make four electric contacts by the method for magnetron sputtering.Make four lead-in wire samples with Ag glue bonding four lead-in wires on contact.To have the samples of four lead-in wires with the method for soldering is connected with corresponding contact on the specimen holder.For the heat-conducting effect that obtains, four lead-in wire samples will be adjacent to the metal plate sections of specimen holder.
Reference test bar is connected with the demonstrator main frame.Open the demonstrator power supply, regulate continuous current to the 30mA, it is 30.02mA that the charactron of instrument below demonstrates the electric current that is carried on the superconducting sample.Simultaneously the charactron of top demonstrates that the voltage on the sample is 0.201mV under the room temperature (about 300K), is equivalent to that resistance value is 6.70m Ω under the room temperature.
Treat voltage show stable after, specimen holder is inserted liquid nitrogen container, make that the front end of sheet metal enters liquid nitrogen on the specimen holder, sample itself does not enter liquid nitrogen.Superconducting sample is cooled off in heat conduction by sheet metal lentamente.In cooling procedure, the current values that instrument shows is constant in 30.02mA, and voltage value descends along with the cooling gradually (being that temperature reduces gradually) of sample, when sample is cooled to its critical transition temperature (about 90K, be higher than liquid nitrogen temperature 77K) time, voltage drops to zero fast.Temperature-fall period was finished in several minutes.
The present invention provides electric current by constant current source to superconducting sample, show electric current and magnitude of voltage on the superconducting sample respectively by charactron, or electric current and resistance value, show that by voltage the resistance of showing superconductor reduces with temperature to quicklook, and when reaching critical transition temperature, undergo mutation and change zero phenomenon rapidly into.
The present invention is specially adapted to science and technology center or universities and colleges are purpose with science popularization and teaching, vivo shows the zero-resistance phenomenon of superconductor fast to visitor and student.
Claims (6)
1. demonstration apparatus for high-temperature superconduction zero resistance phenomenon, it is characterized in that, described demonstration apparatus for high-temperature superconduction zero resistance phenomenon is by the demonstrator main frame, specimen holder, specimen holder and superconducting sample (1) constitute, described superconducting sample (1) has four to electrically contact good lead contact (2) along its length, the affixed respectively sample lead-in wire of each lead contact (2), two lead-in wires that are positioned at two ends are current feed (3), middle two is voltage lead (4), the bonding composition specimen holder of the layer planes of the layer planes of insulcrete (5) and sheet metal (7), superconducting sample (1) be bonded in specimen holder sheet metal (7) on, four specimen holder lead contact (6) are arranged on the thick-layer of insulcrete (5), the current feed (3) of superconducting sample (1) and voltage lead (4) weld with corresponding specimen holder lead contact (6) respectively, and the lead-in wire that passes through specimen holder is connected with the demonstrator main frame, insulcrete (5) is affixed with specimen holder, specimen holder is installed in specimen holder foremost, and specimen holder is seated in the Dewar container for liquefied nitrogen by specimen holder;
The constant current source of described demonstrator main frame provides steady current by current feed (3) for superconducting sample (1), detect and amplify its current signal by the current detecting amplifying circuit, the voltage detecting amplifying circuit is by the voltage on voltage lead (4) the detection superconducting sample (1) and amplify output voltage signal, above-mentioned current signal and voltage signal be input voltage and input current nixie display circuit after multi-channel a/d converter and monolithic high-performance microprocessor A/D conversion and signal Processing, the constant current value that shows superconducting sample (1) on the electric current charactron of electric current and voltage nixie display shows the voltage flow valuve or the resistance value of superconducting sample (1) on the voltage charactron.
2. demonstration apparatus for high-temperature superconduction zero resistance phenomenon according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described superconducting sample (1) is the REBa with sintering process or the preparation of melting texture method
2Cu
3O or Bi
2Sr
2CaCu
2O
xOxide superconducting materials, wherein RE is Y, Gd, Sm, Nd, Yb or Eu.
3. demonstration apparatus for high-temperature superconduction zero resistance phenomenon according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described superconducting sample (1) is a rectangular parallelepiped, the insulating gel that surface-coated is low temperature resistant.
4. demonstration apparatus for high-temperature superconduction zero resistance phenomenon according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described lead contact (2), and the sample of sintering is made by the method for pressurization of indium metal, and the sample electricity consumption evaporation of melting texture or the method for magnetron sputtering are made.
5. demonstration apparatus for high-temperature superconduction zero resistance phenomenon according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described insulcrete (5) is a rectangular parallelepiped, and thick-layer and thin layer two parts are arranged, and its material is a bakelite plate.
6. demonstration apparatus for high-temperature superconduction zero resistance phenomenon according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described sheet metal (7) is a rectangular parallelepiped, and thick-layer and thin layer two parts are arranged, and its material is brass or red copper.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102305804A (en) * | 2011-05-19 | 2012-01-04 | 北京鼎臣超导科技有限公司 | Device and method for measuring superconducting transition temperature of high temperature superconducting material |
| CN102426812A (en) * | 2011-11-15 | 2012-04-25 | 赵杰 | High-temperature superconducting comprehensive experiment instrument |
| CN103487556A (en) * | 2013-10-07 | 2014-01-01 | 复旦大学 | Superconducting phase microscopy system |
| CN112729461A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-04-30 | 北京金迈捷科技有限公司 | Superconductive liquid level sensor |
-
2008
- 2008-12-25 CN CNA200810246560XA patent/CN101436357A/en active Pending
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102305804A (en) * | 2011-05-19 | 2012-01-04 | 北京鼎臣超导科技有限公司 | Device and method for measuring superconducting transition temperature of high temperature superconducting material |
| CN102305804B (en) * | 2011-05-19 | 2013-06-05 | 北京鼎臣超导科技有限公司 | Device and method for measuring superconducting transition temperature of high temperature superconducting material |
| CN102426812A (en) * | 2011-11-15 | 2012-04-25 | 赵杰 | High-temperature superconducting comprehensive experiment instrument |
| CN102426812B (en) * | 2011-11-15 | 2014-04-16 | 赵杰 | High-temperature superconducting comprehensive experiment instrument |
| CN103487556A (en) * | 2013-10-07 | 2014-01-01 | 复旦大学 | Superconducting phase microscopy system |
| CN103487556B (en) * | 2013-10-07 | 2015-10-28 | 复旦大学 | A kind of superconducting phase microscopic system |
| CN112729461A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-04-30 | 北京金迈捷科技有限公司 | Superconductive liquid level sensor |
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Open date: 20090520 |