CN101435798A - Ultrasonic wave fast detecting method of granule reinforced aluminum base composite material quality consistency - Google Patents
Ultrasonic wave fast detecting method of granule reinforced aluminum base composite material quality consistency Download PDFInfo
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- CN101435798A CN101435798A CNA2007101773435A CN200710177343A CN101435798A CN 101435798 A CN101435798 A CN 101435798A CN A2007101773435 A CNA2007101773435 A CN A2007101773435A CN 200710177343 A CN200710177343 A CN 200710177343A CN 101435798 A CN101435798 A CN 101435798A
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Abstract
The invention relates to technology for quickly detecting the consistency of the quality of a particle reinforced aluminium-based composite material by utilizing ultrasonic wave. The technology is to detect the consistency of the quality of the particle reinforced aluminium-based composite material by utilizing the sound velocity of the ultrasonic wave. Sound velocity values of particle reinforced aluminium-based composite materials are accumulated, and a corresponding database is established. During the detection, the measured sound velocity value of the material is utilized to compare with sound velocity data in the database to analyze and judge the consistency of the quality of the particle reinforced aluminium-based composite. The method has the advantages of simplicity, convenience, quickness, and accuracy, and has large practical value on monitoring the quality of the material and guaranteeing the stability of the quality of the material.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ultrasonic detection method, particularly a kind of method of utilizing ultrasound wave to detect the quality consistency of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material.
Background technology
Compare with aluminum matrix alloy, particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material has high specific strength, high specific stiffness, wear-resistant, endurance, excellent mechanical property and the physical properties such as dimensional stability that thermal expansivity is little, good, in recent years, become the new material with broad prospect of application just gradually.
Particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material has complicated heterogeneous microstructure, its main architectural feature comprise strengthen particle content, size, pattern, distribution and and matrix between the interface of combination and the variation of the matrix micromechanism that wild phase causes, comprise dislocation, Age-prrcipitation Phase, texture, unrelieved stress etc., these Characteristics of Microstructures have determined mechanics and the physical property of compound substance.Therefore, in composite Materials Design, preparation process, need to optimize its microstructure, thereby improve and optimize its combination property.
The powder metallurgic method preparation technique flow process of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material mainly comprises: aluminum matrix alloy melting, gas-atomized powder, powder sieving; reinforcement particle type selecting, classification; aluminum matrix alloy powder mixes with reinforcement particle; mixed-powder is colded pressing; vacuum hotpressing; extruding, forges thermal treatment etc.This technological process is long, and operation is many, and the factor that affects compound substance heterogeneous microstructure is complicated.A large amount of results of study show, in material preparation process due to technological design with control not enough, very easily cause that material internal occur to strengthen that distribution of particles is inhomogeneous, micro-crack or hole, be mingled with and the defect such as poor is combined at particle interface between matrix, the existence of these defects all can cause material each several part tissue odds even, thereby cause the obvious decline of material property, when serious, can in use occur catastrophic consequence.As can be seen here, it is very necessary that compound substance is carried out to Non-Destructive Testing, by the method for Non-Destructive Testing, can be made rationally the quality of compound substance, be evaluated reliably, and the parts that this material is made can be moved safely and reliably.
Vacuum hotpressing is the critical process that powder metallurgy is prepared particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material, and this operation plays an important role to the quality of material.As because technology controlling and process is inadequate, very easily there is micro-crack or hole in the preparation, cause quality to decline, affect material property.In addition, due to the rubbing action between mould when the vacuum hotpressing and powder, the pressure that causes hot pressing billet different parts not etc., thereby make the compactness at each position different, must cause the microstructure at each position also inconsistent, this is the process characteristic decision of itself.This problem is along with the increase meeting of billet size is more obvious, and the difference of each position compactness of large scale billet is more obvious, and the inconsistent tendency of microstructure is larger.The microstructure difference at each position of billet also can affect greatly the overall performance of material to a certain extent.But micro-crack or hole can not detect by conventional lossless detection method, and the compactness at each position of billet can not be by detecting the measurement of whole billet density.The above-mentioned problem that affects material monolithic performance exists too in follow-up deformation processing, produce and experimentation in be badly in need of a kind of method that can fast detecting composite material quality consistency, so research seems particularly important for the lossless detection method of solution problems.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of ultrasonic detection method of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material, realize granule reinforced aluminum base composite material quality consistency is detected fast.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention realizes by following technical proposal:
A method of utilizing ultrasound examination granule reinforced aluminum base composite material quality consistency, the method comprises the steps:
(1), a collection of blank of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material that prepare with same process, same composition is as detected material, 5 blanks of random choose at least in every batch of blank;
(2), to measuring the distance between its ultrasound wave plane of incidence and reflecting surface as the blank of detected material, and by this distance value input digital ultrasonic flaw detector, wherein, the plane of incidence and reflecting surface are two bottom surfaces in cylinder blank or pieces of bar stock, or any two the corresponding faces in square blank;
(3), with the plane of incidence coupling of ultrasound wave compressional wave normal probe and tested blank, make ultrasound wave enter tested blank, ultra-sonic defect detector, by the time between Bottom echo of measurement and secondary Bottom echo, calculates the acoustic velocity value of this position automatically;
(4), with ultrasound wave compressional wave normal probe, on the different parts of the plane of incidence of tested blank, measure successively N point, and obtain the acoustic velocity value of relevant position; Wherein, N is equal to or greater than the business of the reflective surface area of the measured material that the area of the plane of incidence of measured material covers divided by ultrasound wave compressional wave normal probe;
(5), through mathematical statistics to N acoustic velocity value, according to below 1. and 2. formula obtain respectively bulk sound velocity value c and the velocity of sound standard deviation of tested blank.
Wherein,
for bulk sound velocity value; σ is standard deviation;
(6) other each blank repeating step (2)～(5), to this batch of blank, obtain respectively the bulk sound velocity value of each blank of this batch
and velocity of sound standard deviation;
(7), particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material prepared by same process, same composition but blank repeating step (2)～(6) of different batches, obtain the velocity of sound mean value of a plurality of batches of this kind of compound substance
and velocity of sound standard deviation data, be generally at least 5 batches, according to the rule of normal distribution, the acoustic velocity measutement value of this kind of compound substance exists
the probability occurring within ± 3 σ scopes is 99.7%, according to the above-mentioned velocity of sound mean value of obtaining
and velocity of sound standard deviation data, and combine with the Analysis on Microstructure of this kind of compound substance of each batch, finally determine the qualified normal bulk sound velocity of this kind of compound substance
and velocity of sound standard deviation
table, the sign velocity of sound data using them as this kind of compound substance deposit database in,
The normal velocity of sound scope of this kind of compound substance
± 3 σ
tableas the evaluation criterion of this kind of composite material quality consistency,
(8), freshly prepd a collection of detected blank repeating step (2)-(5) of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material that respectively prepared by same process, same composition, and the velocity of sound scope obtaining with step (7)
± 3 σ
tableas the standard of this kind of granule reinforced aluminum base composite material quality consistency, averaging of income acoustic velocity value
meet
± 3 σ
tablevelocity of sound scope, and its σ≤σ
tablethis blank quality consistency is qualified; Averaging of income acoustic velocity value
exceed
± 3 σ
tablevelocity of sound scope, or σ>=σ
tablethis blank quality consistency is defective.
Ultrasound examination, as a kind of important Dynamic Non-Destruction Measurement, has significant advantage, can to material, carry out Non-Destructive Testing quickly and easily.The ultrasonic velocity of specific wave mode depends on the character such as the density, elastic modulus of acoustic material self, and for the material of even tissue, acoustic velocity value is a constant.In material, have micro-crack or hole, during the tissue odds such as part is not fine and close even situation, ultrasound wave need to just can pass in adjacent around material through the longer time and go, thereby acoustic velocity value can change.Therefore hyperacoustic acoustic velocity measutement technology can be used as the conforming evaluation means of material quality.
Method of the present invention is defined as at least 5 batches, and at least 5 blanks of each batch, carries out on this basis mathematical statistics.Described one batch is the blank of continuous production in concentrating on a period of time, is starting material with same batch, in the situation that equipment state is identical, prepares; Be at least 5 batches, within the long time of one, use starting material, the equipment state process of different batches to use each batch of blank of preparing in situation about adjusting, with this basis, carry out mathematical statistics, no matter be from the time, or the quantity of product, all can be to carry out mathematical statistics.In engineering reality, according to 5 batches, each batch got at random 5 blanks and measured, and also carries out the analysis of the microstructure of each batch simultaneously, through many experiments, confirm, the bulk sound velocity of the normal compound substance blank of microstructure and velocity of sound standard deviation are to stablize within the specific limits.Method of the present invention is defined as at least 5 batches, and at least 5 blanks of each batch, carries out on this basis mathematical statistics and is confirmed in actual production.
In described step (4), described N is equal to or greater than the business of the reflective surface area of the measured material that the area of the plane of incidence of measured material covers divided by ultrasound wave compressional wave normal probe, like this, the ultrasound wave compressional wave normal probe of measuring on N point can cover the area of the whole reflecting surface of measured material completely, so its velocity of sound statistics obtaining has reflected the velocity of sound situation of whole tested blank.
In the method for utilizing ultrasound examination granule reinforced aluminum base composite material quality consistency of the present invention, described particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material adopts powder metallurgy process to prepare.
In the method for utilizing ultrasound examination granule reinforced aluminum base composite material quality consistency of the present invention, described particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material is vacuum hotpressing state, squeezed state, any one in as-forged condition, condition of heat treatment.
Advantage of the present invention is: according to method of the present invention, can judge fast and accurately the quality consistency of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material, improve production and conventional efficient, to the safe handling of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material, provide guarantee.That this method has is simple, convenient and swift, advantage accurately, for the quality of monitoring material, guarantees that quality of materials is stable to have great practical value.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the ultrasonic detection method schematic diagram of a kind of granule reinforced aluminum base composite material quality consistency of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the A sweep figure of the ultrasound examination velocity of sound of the present invention.In Fig. 2, the highest echo is near Bottom echo (horizontal ordinate be 280), the second high echo is near secondary Bottom echo (horizontal ordinate be 560), the measurement of the velocity of sound is exactly by measuring the time between Bottom echo and secondary Bottom echo, is automatically calculated the acoustic velocity value of this position by ultra-sonic defect detector.
Fig. 3 is the acoustic velocity measutement point schematic diagram in embodiment, and measurement point is uniformly distributed on measurement face.
Embodiment
With embodiment, the present invention is elaborated below, will contribute to technology of the present invention and advantage thereof to do further understanding, protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the examples, and protection scope of the present invention is limited by claims.
To diameter, be 300mm, the vacuum hotpressing billet of the SiC particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material that the volume fraction that is highly 310mm is 15% detects.Adopt compressional wave normal probe, probe diameter is 10mm, and centre frequency is 6MHz, and it measures coverage is that reflecting surface diameter is the region of 80mm.
As shown in Figure 1, this step is concrete steps:
1. with vernier caliper, accurately measure the distance of two nose circle faces of vacuum hotpressing billet, height 310mm, inputs digital ultrasonic flaw detector by this height value 310mm.
2. use a position coupling of the nose circle face of ultrasound wave compressional wave normal probe and this billet, make ultrasound wave enter tested billet along short transverse, using another nose circle face as hyperacoustic reflecting surface.Ultra-sonic defect detector, by the time between Bottom echo of measurement and secondary Bottom echo, calculates the velocity of sound of this position automatically.Fig. 2 is the be coupled A sweep figure of the resulting ultrasound examination velocity of sound of one of them position with the nose circle face of ultrasound wave compressional wave normal probe and this billet.In Fig. 2, the highest echo is near Bottom echo (horizontal ordinate be 280), the second high echo is near secondary Bottom echo (horizontal ordinate be 560), the measurement of the velocity of sound is exactly by measuring the time between Bottom echo and secondary Bottom echo, is automatically calculated the acoustic velocity value of this position by ultra-sonic defect detector.
3. with probe, at the different parts of billet, measure successively N=20 point, and obtain the acoustic velocity value of relevant position.
finally be defined as 20.Concrete detection position as shown in Figure 3, has represented equally distributed 20 measuring positions in figure.
4. through the acoustic velocity value of the vacuum hotpressing billet of this kind of material is carried out to the accumulation of 5 batches (8 blanks of each batch of random choose), the formula of utilization formula (1) and (2) carries out data statistic analysis, and in conjunction with the microstructure interpretation of result of each batch, bulk sound velocity c that can this kind of compound substance
table=6885m/s, velocity of sound standard deviation
table=10m/s,, the bulk sound velocity value of determining this kind of compound substance is qualified between 6855～6915m/s.Deposit these data in particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material Ultrasonic Detection database.
Adopt above-mentioned same steps to detect two billets of A, B with same material composition, identical preparation technology, obtain velocity of sound mean value and the velocity of sound standard deviation of these two billets, as shown in table 1.
The velocity of sound result of table 1. ultrasound examination vacuum hotpressing billet
| Billet numbering | Velocity of sound mean value (m/s) | Velocity of sound standard deviation |
| A | 6880 | 4 |
| B | 5320 | 18 |
In table 1, the velocity of sound mean value of billet A is 6880m/s, compares in normal range with data in database; Its velocity of sound standard deviation is 4, is also less than the velocity of sound standard deviation 10 of this material in database; The quality consistency that these results suggest that billet A is qualified.And the velocity of sound mean value of billet B is 5320m/s, compare not in normal range with data in database; And its velocity of sound standard deviation is 18, acoustic velocity value fluctuation is larger; These results suggest that its quality consistency is defective.
Analyze the inconsistent reason of billet B quality, be mainly that pressure while making vacuum hotpressing not due to technology controlling and process does not meet the requirements of force value, cause the billet inside of preparation to have serious microporosity, interior tissue is very inhomogeneous, to cause acoustic velocity value degradation, and velocity of sound fluctuation is very large.This ultrasonic detection technology that utilizes is found and deals with problems to play a good role to experiment with in producing to the Fast Detection Technique of granule reinforced aluminum base composite material quality consistency fast.
Claims (3)
1, a method of utilizing ultrasound examination granule reinforced aluminum base composite material quality consistency, is characterized in that, the method comprises the steps:
(1), a collection of blank of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material that prepare with same process, same composition is as detected material, 5 blanks of random choose at least in every batch of blank;
(2), to measuring the distance between its ultrasound wave plane of incidence and reflecting surface as the blank of detected material, and by this distance value input digital ultrasonic flaw detector, wherein, the plane of incidence and reflecting surface are two bottom surfaces in cylinder blank or pieces of bar stock, or any two the corresponding faces in square blank;
(3), with the plane of incidence coupling of ultrasound wave compressional wave normal probe and tested blank, make ultrasound wave enter tested blank, ultra-sonic defect detector, by the time between Bottom echo of measurement and secondary Bottom echo, calculates the acoustic velocity value of this position automatically;
(4), with ultrasound wave compressional wave normal probe, on the different parts of the plane of incidence of tested blank, measure successively N point, and obtain the acoustic velocity value of relevant position; Wherein, N is equal to or greater than the business of the reflective surface area of the measured material that the area of the plane of incidence of measured material covers divided by ultrasound wave compressional wave normal probe;
(5), through mathematical statistics to N acoustic velocity value, according to below 1. and 2. formula obtain respectively bulk sound velocity value c and the velocity of sound standard deviation of tested blank.
Wherein, c is bulk sound velocity value; σ is standard deviation;
(6) other each blank repeating step (2)～(5), to this batch of blank, obtain respectively bulk sound velocity value c and the velocity of sound standard deviation of each blank of this batch;
(7), prepared by same process, the particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material of same composition but blank repeating step (2)～(6) of different batches, obtain the velocity of sound mean value c of a plurality of batches and the velocity of sound standard deviation data of this kind of compound substance, generally be at least 5 batches, according to the rule of normal distribution, the probability that the acoustic velocity measutement value of this kind of compound substance occurs within the σ scope of c ± 3 is 99.7%, according to the above-mentioned velocity of sound mean value c obtaining and velocity of sound standard deviation data, and combine with the Analysis on Microstructure of this kind of compound substance of each batch, final definite qualified normal bulk sound velocity c of this kind of compound substance
tableand velocity of sound standard deviation
table, the sign velocity of sound data using them as this kind of compound substance deposit database in,
The normal velocity of sound scope c of this kind of compound substance
table± 3 σ
tableas the evaluation criterion of this kind of composite material quality consistency,
(8), freshly prepd a collection of detected blank repeating step (2)-(5) of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material that respectively prepared by same process, same composition, and the velocity of sound scope c obtaining with step (7)
table± 3 σ
tableas the standard of this kind of granule reinforced aluminum base composite material quality consistency, the c that averaging of income acoustic velocity value c meets
table± 3 σ
tablevelocity of sound scope, and its σ≤σ
tablethis blank quality consistency is qualified; Averaging of income acoustic velocity value c exceeds c
table± 3 σ
tablevelocity of sound scope, or σ>=σ
tablethis blank quality consistency is defective.
2, the method for utilizing ultrasound examination granule reinforced aluminum base composite material quality consistency according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material adopts powder metallurgy process to prepare.
3, the method for utilizing ultrasound examination granule reinforced aluminum base composite material quality consistency according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material is vacuum hotpressing state, squeezed state, any one in as-forged condition, condition of heat treatment.
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| CN114755311A (en) * | 2022-06-14 | 2022-07-15 | 之江实验室 | Method and measuring device for detecting consistency of array elements of ultrasonic probe |
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