CN101434983A - 抗万古霉素金黄色葡萄球菌培养基 - Google Patents

抗万古霉素金黄色葡萄球菌培养基 Download PDF

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CN101434983A
CN101434983A CNA2008102314417A CN200810231441A CN101434983A CN 101434983 A CN101434983 A CN 101434983A CN A2008102314417 A CNA2008102314417 A CN A2008102314417A CN 200810231441 A CN200810231441 A CN 200810231441A CN 101434983 A CN101434983 A CN 101434983A
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staphylococcus aureus
vancomycin
culture medium
substratum
vancocin
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CN101434983B (zh
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罗江卫
王则宇
康运凯
冯长城
崔晓晓
杨红云
郑业焕
付光宇
吴学纬
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Autobio Diagnostics Co Ltd
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ZHENGZHOU AUTOBIO DIAGNOSTICS CO Ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于体外诊断试剂领域,具体涉及一种鉴别抗万古霉素金黄色葡萄球菌的培养基。本发明的培养基不仅含有营养物质、凝固物质和杂菌抑制剂,还含有万古霉素以及显色指示剂5-溴-4-氯-3-吲哚基-磷酸盐和四唑氮蓝。杂菌抑制剂能够抑制金葡菌以外的杂菌生长,万古霉素则能够抑制对其敏感的金葡菌。指示剂能够使抗万古霉素金葡菌菌落呈现紫红色,进一步与其它抗药菌相区别。本发明将抗万古霉素金葡菌的层层筛选培养和其特征性酶的检测结合在一起,能够准确、直观地检测、鉴别抗万古霉素金葡菌,其可操作性强,适于在医院及其它研究机构推广,有助于指导医生用药和新型抗生素的开发。

Description

抗万古霉素金黄色葡萄球菌培养基
技术领域
本发明属于体外诊断试剂领域,具体涉及一种抗万古霉素金黄色葡萄球菌的培养基。
背景技术
在我国,滥用抗生素的情况十分普遍。细菌多次与药物接触后,对药物的敏感性减小甚至消失,致使药物对抗药菌的疗效降低甚至无效。金黄色葡萄球菌(简称金葡菌)在与抗生素的“遭遇战”中,先后战胜了天然青霉素、氨苄青霉素、头孢菌素等,甚至出现了可对万古霉素产生抗药性的金葡菌(vancomycin-resistant staphylococcus aureus,缩写为VRSA)。细菌抗药性的不断升级几乎将医生逼到了无药可用的尴尬境地。众多抗药菌的出现,对医院病人也够成了巨大的威胁。因此,及时准确地了解病人感染的细菌种类和抗药情况是非常必要和紧迫的。
选择培养基是根据某些微生物具有特殊营养要求或对某些化学物质具有抗性而设计的,是鉴别、分离微生物的常用方法。例如,在培养基中加入某种化学药物,以限制对其敏感菌的生长繁殖,从而将对其不敏感的目标微生物分离出来。为了进一步准确、方便地鉴别目标微生物,可以在选择性培养基中加入目标微生物特征性酶的显色底物,将微生物的选择性培养和特征性酶检测结合在一起。当目标微生物在培养基上生长时其菌落会呈现特定的颜色,这是因为目标微生物所产生的特征性酶能够降解显色底物而释放显色原,显色原呈现特殊颜色或使显色原的反应物显色。干扰菌或被抑制或不产生特征性酶而不显色,因而能被区别。也即是说,利用这种培养基,只需通过观察菌落的颜色、形态变化以及一些简单试验就可以轻松鉴别目标微生物。目前,虽然市场上已经出现了抗甲氧西林金葡菌的显色培养基,但还未见适用于鉴别抗万古霉素金葡菌的显色培养基。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于为抗万古霉素金黄色葡萄球菌提供一种营养丰富的培养基,并将抗万古霉素金葡菌的选择性培养和其特征性酶的检测结合在了一起,能够方便地鉴别、分离抗万古霉素金葡菌。
为实现上述目的,本发明所采用的技术方案为:一种抗万古霉素金黄色葡萄球菌培养基,含有营养物质、凝固物质以及能够抑制金葡菌以外的杂菌生长的抑制剂,所述培养基中还含有万古霉素。
每1000g所述培养基中含万古霉素7-32mg。
所述的培养基中还含有显色指示剂5-溴-4-氯-3-吲哚基-磷酸盐和四唑氮蓝。
每1000g所述培养基中含5-溴-4-氯-3-吲哚磷酸盐1-2g,含四唑氮蓝0.3-1g。
培养基中所使用的杂菌抑制剂为亚碲酸钾和氯化锂,每1000g培养基中含亚碲酸钾3-8mg,含氯化锂2-8g;其中亚碲酸钾能够抑制革兰氏阴性菌的生长,与氯化锂协同作用能够抑制金黄色葡萄球菌以外的杂菌的生长。
所述营养物质为胰酪胨、酵母粉、丙酮酸钠,凝固物质为琼脂,其在每1000g培养基中的含量为胰酪胨12-18g、酵母粉2-8g、丙酮酸钠5-15g、琼脂10-18g;余量为水。其中胰酪胨、酵母粉为金黄色葡萄球菌提供了氮源和生长因子,丙酮酸钠有利于金黄色葡萄球菌的生长,琼脂则起一定的凝固作用。
在本发明的技术方案中,胰酪胨、酵母粉、丙酮酸钠、琼脂及水为金黄色葡萄球菌的生长提供了丰富的营养和适宜的环境。亚碲酸钾与氯化锂协同作用能够很好地抑制金黄色葡萄球菌以外杂菌的生长,避免了杂菌对显色的干扰。向培养基中添加万古霉素,则对万古霉素敏感的金葡菌被抑制生长,作为目标微生物的抗万古霉素金葡菌因此而被分离出来。为了进一步确认抗万古霉素金葡菌,增加鉴别试验的直观性和准确性,本发明的培养基中还添加了指示剂5-溴-4-氯-3-吲哚磷酸盐和四唑氮蓝。当抗万古霉素金葡菌在培养基上生长时,5-溴-4-氯-3-吲哚磷酸盐被抗万古霉素金葡菌分泌的碱性磷酸酶降解,产生蓝色的显色原。显色原与四唑氮蓝作用,转变为紫红色。因此,抗万古霉素金葡菌菌落也会随之呈现由蓝色转变为紫红色的现象,从而与其它抗药菌相区别。
本发明的培养基将抗万古霉素金葡菌的层层筛选培养和其特征性酶的检测结合在一起,能够准确、直观地检测、鉴别抗万古霉素金葡菌,其可操作性强,适于在医院及其它研究机构推广,有助于指导医生用药和新型抗生素的开发。
具体实施方式
下面以每1000g培养基为例,对本发明培养基的组成作进一步说明。
实施例1
每1000g培养基中含有:琼脂10g、胰酪胨18g、酵母粉7g、丙酮酸钠11g、氯化锂8g、亚碲酸钾5mg、万古霉素24mg、5-溴-4-氯-3-吲哚磷酸盐1.5g、四唑氮蓝0.7g,余量为水。上述原料混合均匀后升温至100-110℃,加热10min后灌装在培养皿中即可。
实施例2
每1000g培养基中含有:琼脂13g、胰酪胨14g、酵母粉2g、丙酮酸钠8g、氯化锂2g、亚碲酸钾8mg、万古霉素7mg、5-溴-4-氯-3-吲哚磷酸盐1g、四唑氮蓝0.3g,余量为水。上述原料混合均匀后升温至100-110℃,加热15min后灌装在培养皿中即可。
实施例3
每1000g培养基中含有:琼脂15g、胰酪胨16g、酵母粉4g、丙酮酸钠5g、氯化锂6g、亚碲酸钾3mg、万古霉素15mg、5-溴-4-氯-3-吲哚磷酸盐1.8g、四唑氮蓝0.5g,余量为水。上述原料混合均匀后升温至100-110℃,加热15min后灌装在培养皿中即可。
实施例4
每1000g培养基中含有:琼脂18g、胰酪胨12g、酵母粉8g、丙酮酸钠15g、氯化锂5g、亚碲酸钾7mg、万古霉素32mg、5-溴-4-氯-3-吲哚磷酸盐2g、四唑氮蓝1g,余量为水。上述原料混合均匀后升温至100-110℃,加热10min后灌装在培养皿中即可。

Claims (6)

1、一种抗万古霉素金黄色葡萄球菌培养基,含有营养物质、凝固物质以及杂菌抑制剂,其特征是所述培养基中还含有万古霉素。
2、如权利要求1所述的抗万古霉素金黄色葡萄球菌培养基,其特征是每1000g所述培养基中含万古霉素7-32mg。
3、如权利要求1或2所述的抗万古霉素金黄色葡萄球菌培养基,其特征是所述的培养基中还含有5-溴-4-氯-3-吲哚磷酸盐和四唑氮蓝。
4、如权利要求3所述的抗万古霉素金黄色葡萄球菌培养基,其特征是每1000g所述培养基中含5-溴-4-氯-3-吲哚磷酸盐1-2g,含四唑氮蓝0.3-1g。
5、如权利要求4所述的抗万古霉素金黄色葡萄球菌培养基,其特征在于培养基中所使用的杂菌抑制剂为亚碲酸钾和氯化锂,每1000g培养基中含亚碲酸钾3-8mg,含氯化锂2-8g。
6、如权利要求5所述的抗万古霉素金黄色葡萄球菌培养基,其特征在于所述营养物质为胰酪胨、酵母粉、丙酮酸钠,凝固物质为琼脂,其在每1000g培养基中的含量为胰酪胨12-18g、酵母粉2-8g、丙酮酸钠5-15g、琼脂10-18g;余量为水。
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103728262A (zh) * 2013-12-31 2014-04-16 陈一强 杀死金黄色葡萄球菌的组合物及方法
CN105112497A (zh) * 2015-09-08 2015-12-02 国家海洋环境监测中心 一种河口及近岸海洋环境中大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌分离筛选及抗生素抗性评估方法

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103728262A (zh) * 2013-12-31 2014-04-16 陈一强 杀死金黄色葡萄球菌的组合物及方法
CN103728262B (zh) * 2013-12-31 2017-01-04 陈一强 杀死金黄色葡萄球菌的组合物及方法
CN105112497A (zh) * 2015-09-08 2015-12-02 国家海洋环境监测中心 一种河口及近岸海洋环境中大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌分离筛选及抗生素抗性评估方法

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