CN101433831A - Preparation of homogeneous mischcrystal cerium-zirconium-aluminum coating material by coprecipitation method and technique thereof - Google Patents
Preparation of homogeneous mischcrystal cerium-zirconium-aluminum coating material by coprecipitation method and technique thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101433831A CN101433831A CNA2008101541907A CN200810154190A CN101433831A CN 101433831 A CN101433831 A CN 101433831A CN A2008101541907 A CNA2008101541907 A CN A2008101541907A CN 200810154190 A CN200810154190 A CN 200810154190A CN 101433831 A CN101433831 A CN 101433831A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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Abstract
The invention relates to preparation of a uniform solid solution Ce-Zr-Al based coating material by a coprecipitation method and a process method thereof. A mixed solution of soluble salts of Ce and Zr is coprecipitated by an alkaline solution, a soluble salt solution of Al is separately precipitated by the alkaline solution, the interaction degree of Ce-Zr and Al is regulated and controlled by controlling the aging time, and suspensions are evenly mixed after the aging and then are dried and baked. The method can obtain a Ce-Zr-Al three-phase solid solution with a uniform cubic phase structure. The method has a simple production technology and lower production energy consumption, and greatly improves performances of the Ce-Zr-Al based coating material such as specific surface area, thermal stability, oxygen storage performance and so on. The method ensures that a catalyst containing the Ce-Zr-Al based coating material becomes an excellent and high-performance three-effect catalyst for the purification of automobile tail gas.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the purifying vehicle exhaust technology, particularly a kind of preparation of homogeneous mischcrystal cerium-zirconium-aluminum coating material by coprecipitation and process thereof, specifically be based on the new method that coprecipitation prepares cerium zirconium aluminized coating material in the effective catalyst, this process has improved the specific area of Ce-Zr-Al based coating material greatly, performances such as heat endurance and storage oxygen performance.Make the catalyst that contains this Ce-Zr-Al based coating material become a kind of high performance three-effect catalyst for purifying tail gas of car of excellence.
Background technology
At eliminating in the vehicle exhaust the effective measures of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NOx) and hydrocarbon pollutants such as (HC) are fitting machine vehicle tail gas triple effect catalytic cleaners outward.Three-way catalyst commonly used mainly is made up of carrier, coating material and noble metal.Wherein the main component of coating material is activated alumina (Al
2O
3) and some cerium-based composite oxides, as cerium zirconium compound oxide (CeO
2-ZrO
2) etc.Coating is coated in carrier surface, and its effect provides big specific surface and supports noble metal, transition metal or other catalytic active component.Basic demand to active coating is: the adhesiveness to ceramic monolith is good, difficult drop-off, and easily adhere to evenly; Specific area is big; High-temperature stability is good.General coating material is selected the active A l of high-ratio surface for use
2O
3, for preventing Al
2O
3Undergo phase transition and deterioration at high temperature, add cerium rare earth elements such as (Ce) or alkaline-earth metal usually as Al
2O
3Stabilizing agent; CeO
2Another important function of base composite oxidate is to utilize Ce
3+/ Ce
4+Mutual conversion and store/discharge oxygen, regulate the oxidation/reduction ratio of vehicle exhaust, make CO, HC and NOx reach higher conversion ratio simultaneously, CeO
2Base composite oxidate is called as hydrogen-storing material (OSM) because of the ability of this storage/release oxygen.Along with the appearance of the Abgasgesetz of increasingly stringent, exploitation has the focus that high performance three-way catalyst has become catalytic cleaning of car tail gas.
At present, at the high performance requirements of coating material, aspects such as the storage oxygen performance that focuses on the raising material of research-and-development activity and specific area.Coprecipitation is because of its technology is simple, condition is easy to control, and raw material is cheap and easy to get, gained solid solution epigranular, and preparation cost is lower, is convenient to suitability for industrialized production, and is widely used in the preparation of high performance Ce-Zr-Al based coating material.The step of using coprecipitation to prepare cerium zirconium aluminum in the existing report is: the slaine mixed solution of certain density cerium, zirconium, aluminium, make precipitation of hydroxide by adding quantitative alkaline precipitating agent, refilter roasting and remove moisture, obtain cerium zirconium aluminum oxide composite coating material.Use cerium zirconium-aluminum composite oxide aluminium that cerium zirconium aluminium coprecipitation method obtains as the solid solution except that Chinese patent CN 1695798A discloses, other patented inventions all propose to obtain the homogeneous solid-solution material.But the specific area parameter after heat ageing is handled that this patent only provides preparation method thus to obtain coating material, not mentioned storage oxygen performance parameter.In order further to optimize existing coprecipitation preparation technology, obtain specific surface, hydrothermal stability, it is to have the very high Research Significance and the research contents of application potential that storage oxygen performance all is better than the cerium zirconium aluminium composite coating material that original patent technology makes.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of preparation of homogeneous mischcrystal cerium-zirconium-aluminum coating material by coprecipitation and process thereof, and it is based on coprecipitation and prepares improving one's methods of cerium zirconium aluminized coating material.This process has been optimized the combination degree between cerium zirconium sosoloid and the aluminium oxide, has formed cerium zirconium aluminium three-phase solid solution, has improved the specific area of Ce-Zr-Al based coating material greatly, performances such as heat endurance and storage oxygen performance.Make the catalyst that contains this Ce-Zr-Al based coating material become a kind of high performance three-effect catalyst for purifying tail gas of car of excellence.
Preparation of homogeneous mischcrystal cerium-zirconium-aluminum coating material by coprecipitation provided by the invention is the cerium salt with solubility, zirconates and aluminium salt are raw material, alkali is coprecipitator, polyethylene glycol is a thickener, molar concentration rate 1:0.33~1.25 according to Ce and Zr ion, and aluminium oxide and cerium Zirconium oxide mass ratio are that 0.1~1 ratio is prepared from, concrete step of preparation process is: stir down, cerium salt, the aqueous solution of zirconates adds alkali to carry out the aqueous solution of suspension that precipitation reaction obtains and aluminium salt and alkali and carries out the suspension that precipitation reaction obtains and evenly mix, add polyethylene glycol again, control pH is 8~10, the suspension that obtains leaves standstill, ageing, filter, the solid product washing is dried and roasting to neutral.
The step that the process of preparation of homogeneous mischcrystal cerium-zirconium-aluminum coating material by coprecipitation provided by the invention comprises is:
1) get the soluble-salt of cerium and zirconium, obtained aqueous solution also mixes, and is first mixed aqueous solution; The soluble-salt obtained aqueous solution of aluminium is second aqueous solution;
2) stir down, be added into the alkali precipitation agent in first mixed aqueous solution and second aqueous solution respectively, pH 8~10 makes precipitation, and the adding polyethylene glycol is thickener, fully stirs 10~30min;
3) with step 2) leave standstill 30~120min under first mixed solution that obtains respectively and second aqueous solution gained suspension room temperature, behind 60-80 ℃ of ageing 1~3h, stir and time two kinds of suspensions are evenly mixed;
4) to step 3) gained mixing suspension at 60-80 ℃ of secondary ageing 10~16h;
5) suspension after the step 4) ageing is carried out vacuum filtration, obtain the filtrate washing to neutral, product is at 100~140 ℃ of oven dry 10~15h, 280~320 ℃ of preroast 0.5~1h, 500~550 ℃ of roasting 1~3h.
The ion molar concentration rate of described first mixed aqueous solution: Ce:Zr=1:0.33~1.25, total ion concentration are 0.5~1.5mol/L;
The aluminium oxide of described second aqueous solution and cerium Zirconium oxide mass ratio are 0.1~1:1, and ion concentration is 0.5~1.5mol/L; CeO wherein
2And ZrO
2Quality is converted Al respectively by the ion molar concentration of Ce, the Zr of step 1)
2O
3Quality is by the ion molar concentration conversion of the Al of step 1).
The molar concentration of described alkali precipitation agent is 3.5~4.5mol/L, and the addition of polyethylene glycol is 1~10% of an alkaline precipitating agent weight;
The soluble-salt of described cerium is cerous nitrate Ce (NO
3)
36H
2O, ammonium ceric nitrate Ce (NH
4)
2(NO
3)
62H
2O, cerous sulfate Ce (SO
4)
24H
2O or cerous chlorate CeCl
37H
2O.
The soluble-salt of described zirconium is zirconium nitrate Zr (NO
3)
43H
2O, zirconyl nitrate ZrO (NO
3)
25H
2O or zirconium chloride ZrOCl
28H
2O.
The soluble-salt of described aluminium is aluminum nitrate Al (NO
3)
39H
2O or aluminium chloride AlCl
3
Described alkaline precipitating agent is ammoniacal liquor NH
3H
2O or carbonic hydroammonium NH
4HCO
3
Preparation of homogeneous mischcrystal cerium-zirconium-aluminum coating material by coprecipitation provided by the invention has been optimized the combination degree between cerium zirconium sosoloid and the aluminium oxide, has formed cerium zirconium aluminium three-phase solid solution.This method can make the even solid solution of cerium zirconium aluminum oxide, by suppressing γ-Al
2O
3Phase transformation under the high temperature and sintering play the effect that improves the catalyst tolerates high-temperature behavior, reduce coating material through specific area loss after the long-time high-temperature process.The fresh coating material specific area that makes with this method can reach 165.5m
2/ g, behind 950 ℃ of heat treatment 10h, specific area still keeps 71.4m in the air of moisture vapor 6~10%
2/ g, behind 1050 ℃ of heat treatment 10h, specific area remains on 50.8m respectively in the air of moisture vapor 6~10%
2/ g has shown catalyst good temperature resistance energy; This method can improve coating material storage oxygen performance, and the fresh coating material that makes is at 600 ℃, 0.1Hz CO/O
2ALT pulse test dynamic oxygen storage capacity down can reach 1.4mmol[O]/g, through in the air of moisture vapor 6~10% through remaining on 1.0mmol[O behind 950 ℃ of heat treatment 10h]/g about, in the air of moisture vapor 6~10% through reducing to 0.6mmol[O behind 1050 ℃ of heat treatment 10h]/g about, still have higher storage oxygen performance.
In a word, the present invention utilizes the soluble-salt of an amount of cerium, zirconium and aluminium by the co-precipitation of cerium zirconium, aluminium precipitates respectively, the method of evenly mixing the ageing suspension, control forms the three-phase homogenous solid solution of cerium zirconium aluminium, and production technology is simple, energy consumption is lower, improved the specific area of Ce-Zr-Al based coating material, heat endurance, have the storage oxygen performance that is better than general cerium zirconium aluminium co-precipitation coating material, make the catalyst that contains this Ce-Zr-Al based coating material become a kind of high performance three-effect catalyst for purifying tail gas of car of excellence.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 obtains the X-ray diffraction curve of fresh coating material and the aging coating material of hydrothermal treatment consists for embodiment.
Fig. 2 obtains the storage oxygen performance curve of fresh coating material and the aging coating material of hydrothermal treatment consists for embodiment.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is illustrated.
Get the 3.86g ammonium ceric nitrate, the 1.23g zirconyl nitrate is dissolved in the 12.7mL deionized water, mol ratio Ce:Zr=7:3, molar concentration is [Ce+Zr]=1mol/L, stirs fast and uses 4mol/L NH down
4HCO
3Precipitate, regulating pH is 9, adds polyethylene glycol 0.1g, fully stirs 30min, and room temperature leaves standstill 1h, 70 ℃ of ageing 3h; Get the 14.72g aluminum nitrate and be dissolved in the 39.23mL deionized water, use 4mol/LNH under the vigorous stirring
4HCO
3Precipitate, titration end-point is that pH is 9, adds polyethylene glycol 0.1g, fully stirs 30min, and room temperature leaves standstill 1h, 70 ℃ of ageing 3h; Two kinds of suspensions are stirred fully mixing, and carry out the ageing second time at 70 ℃, digestion time is 12h.Use vacuum filtration, obtain sediment, and use deionized water that sediment is washed to filtrate to be neutral, afterwards with 120 ℃ of oven dry of gained filter cake 12h, 300 ℃ of preroast 1h, 500 ℃ of roasting 3h obtain Ce-Zr-Al based coating material, and it is labeled as 1#f.
Get the 3.86g cerous nitrate, the 1.23g zirconyl nitrate is dissolved in the 12.7mL deionized water, mol ratio Ce:Zr=7:3, molar concentration is [Ce+Zr]=1mol/L, stirs fast and uses 4mol/L NH down
3H
2O precipitates, and regulating pH is 10, adds polyethylene glycol 0.1g, fully stirs 30min, and room temperature leaves standstill 1h, 70 ℃ of ageing 3h; Get the 14.72g aluminum nitrate and be dissolved in the 39.23mL deionized water, use 4mol/L NH under the vigorous stirring
3H
2O precipitates, and titration end-point is that pH is 9, adds polyethylene glycol 0.1g, fully stirs 30min, and room temperature leaves standstill 1h, 70 ℃ of ageing 3h; Two kinds of suspensions are stirred fully mixing, and carry out the ageing second time at 70 ℃, digestion time is 12h.Use vacuum filtration, obtain sediment, and use deionized water that sediment is washed to filtrate to be neutral, afterwards with 120 ℃ of oven dry of gained filter cake 12h, 300 ℃ of preroast 1h, 500 ℃ of roasting 3h obtain Ce-Zr-Al based coating material, and it is labeled as 2#f.
Embodiment 3
2#f is placed the tubular type ageing oven, and the air that feeds moisture vapor 10% obtains the aging sample of 2#f catalyst at 950 ℃ of heat treatment 10h after stove is cold, be labeled as 2#a950.2#f is placed the tubular type ageing oven, and the air that feeds moisture vapor 10% obtains the aging sample of 2#f catalyst at 1050 ℃ of heat treatment 10h after stove is cold, be labeled as 2#a1050.
Be respectively among Fig. 1 among fresh coating material 2#f, the embodiment 3 that fresh coating material 1#f, embodiment 2 that embodiment 1 obtains obtain through aging coating material 2#a of 950 ℃ of hydrothermal treatment consists 10h and X-ray diffraction curve, can prove the formation of cerium zirconium aluminium three-phase solid solution through the aging coating material 2#a of 1050 ℃ of hydrothermal treatment consists 10h.
Fig. 2 is respectively the storage oxygen performance curve of fresh coating material among fresh coating material among the embodiment 1, the embodiment 2,950 ℃ of aging coating materials of hydrothermal treatment consists 10h and 1050 ℃ of aging coating materials of hydrothermal treatment consists 10h.
With the 1#f coating material of embodiment 1, the 2#f coating material of embodiment 2 and the 2#a950 of embodiment 3 and 2#1050 coating material are example respectively, carry out the X-ray diffraction test.Test result is had to the characteristic peak of proof cube phase cerium zirconium sosoloid, does not detect the diffraction maximum of aluminium oxide; After the high-temperature water heat treatment, grain growth, but the not phase-splitting of cerium zirconium, the independent diffraction maximum of aluminium oxide does not occur yet.
Gained 1#f, 2#f, 2#a950,2#a1050 sample XRD test result are as shown in Figure 1.a:1#f;b:2#f;c:2#a950;d:2#a1050。
With the 1#f coating material of embodiment 1, the 2#f coating material of embodiment 2 and the 2#a950 of embodiment 3 and 2#1050 coating material are example, carry out N respectively
2The test of absorption specific surface.By test result as can be known this coating material that obtains of improving one's methods have bigger specific area and higher heat endurance.
Gained 1#f, 2#f, 2#a950,2#a1050 sample specific area test result are as shown in table 1.
Table 1:
Sample number into spectrum | Specific area (m 2/g) |
1#f | 160.1 |
2#f | 165.5 |
2#a950 | 71.4 |
2#1050 | 50.8 |
Table 1 is respectively fresh coating material among the embodiment 1, fresh coating material among the embodiment 2,950 ℃ of aging coating materials of hydrothermal treatment consists 10h, the specific area result of 1050 ℃ of aging coating materials of hydrothermal treatment consists 10h.
Test case 3
With the 1#f coating material of embodiment 1, the 2#f coating material of embodiment 2 and the 2#a950 of embodiment 3 and 2#1050 coating material are example respectively, and material is carried out the oxygen storage capacity test.Range of measuring temp is 300~700 ℃, carries out MATERIALS ' DYNAMIC under the 0.1HzCO/O2 ALT pulse condition and stores the oxygen aptitude tests.
Gained 1#f, 2#f, 2#a950,2#a1050 sample oxygen storage capacity test result are as shown in Figure 2.a:1#f;b:2#f;c:2#a950;d:2#a1050。
Claims (9)
1, a kind of preparation of homogeneous mischcrystal cerium-zirconium-aluminum coating material by coprecipitation, it is characterized in that it is a cerium salt with solubility, zirconates and aluminium salt are raw material, alkali is coprecipitator, polyethylene glycol is a thickener, molar concentration rate 1:0.33~1.25 according to Ce and Zr ion, and aluminium oxide and cerium Zirconium oxide mass ratio are that 0.1~1 ratio is prepared from, concrete step of preparation process is: stir down, cerium salt, the aqueous solution of zirconates adds alkali to carry out the aqueous solution of suspension that precipitation reaction obtains and aluminium salt and alkali and carries out the suspension that precipitation reaction obtains and evenly mix, add polyethylene glycol again, control pH is 8~10, the suspension that obtains leaves standstill, and ageing is filtered, the solid product washing is dried and roasting to neutral.
2, a kind of process of preparation of homogeneous mischcrystal cerium-zirconium-aluminum coating material by coprecipitation is characterized in that the step that it comprises is:
1) get the soluble-salt of cerium and zirconium, obtained aqueous solution also mixes, and is first mixed aqueous solution; The soluble-salt obtained aqueous solution of aluminium is second aqueous solution;
2) stir down, be added into the alkali precipitation agent in first mixed aqueous solution and second aqueous solution respectively, pH 8~10 makes precipitation, and the adding polyethylene glycol is a thickener;
3) with step 2) leave standstill 30~120min under first mixed solution that obtains respectively and second aqueous solution gained suspension room temperature, 60-80 ℃ of ageing 1~3h stirs and time two kinds of suspensions evenly mixed;
4) to step 3) gained mixing suspension at 60-80 ℃ of secondary ageing 10~16h;
5) suspension after the step 4) ageing is carried out vacuum filtration, obtain the filtrate washing to neutral, product is dried 10~15h at 100~140 ℃, 280~320 ℃ of preroast 0.5~1h, and 500~550 ℃ of roasting 1~3h obtain coating material.
3, process according to claim 2, it is characterized in that the ion molar concentration rate of described first mixed aqueous solution: Ce:Zr=1:0.33~1.25, total ion concentration are 0.5~1.5mol/L.
4, process according to claim 2 is characterized in that the aluminium oxide of described second aqueous solution and cerium Zirconium oxide mass ratio are 0.1~1:1, and ion concentration is 0.5~1.5mol/L.
5, process according to claim 2, the molar concentration that it is characterized in that described alkali precipitation agent is 3.5~4.5mol/L, the addition of polyethylene glycol is 1~10% of an alkaline precipitating agent weight.
6, process according to claim 2, the soluble-salt that it is characterized in that described cerium is Ce (NO
3)
36H
2O, Ce (NH
4)
2(NO
3)
62H
2O, Ce (SO
4)
24H
2O or cerium CeCl
37H
2O.
7, process according to claim 2, the soluble-salt that it is characterized in that described zirconium is Zr (NO
3)
43H
2O, ZrO (NO
3)
25H
2O or ZrOCl
28H
2O.
8, process according to claim 2, the soluble-salt that it is characterized in that described aluminium is Al (NO
3)
39H
2O or AlCl
3
9, process according to claim 2 is characterized in that described alkaline precipitating agent is NH
3H
2O or NH
4HCO
3
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