CN101424788A - 一种眼镜式头盔显示器光学系统 - Google Patents
一种眼镜式头盔显示器光学系统 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种眼镜式头盔显示器光学系统,属于光学技术领域。可以作为直视式头盔显示器的目视光学系统。本发明的特征是引入反射镜来折叠光路以缩短系统长度,引入衍射面,利用其负色散性和波面任意整形特性来消除系统色差及改善波前像差。该光学系统包括OLED显示器,正透镜,平直反光板,含有衍射面的正透镜和出瞳位置;平直反光板与光轴成45°放置。从微显示器出射的光线经过正透镜到达平直分光板,反射到含有衍射面的正透镜上,再反射后经过平直分光板,到达人眼瞳孔位置。本发明的特点是将微显示器OLED的图像经过光学系统在观察者前方2m处成45in放大的虚像。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于光学技术领域,涉及一种眼镜式头盔显示器光学系统,可以作为直视式头盔显示器的目视光学系统。
背景技术
头盔显示器(Head Mounted Display,HMD)系统是一种固定在头盔上,给使用者产生可视图像的小型装置,主要包括图像显示器件、成像光学系统、定位传感系统、电路控制及连接系统等。
HMD是利用光学系统将微显示器的图像投影在观察者的眼前从而产生一个充满视野的放大的虚像从而产生“沉浸感”,并根据不同的应用呈献不同的视觉效果。作为新型图像信息显示器件,HMD在提供景象的全面信息方面具有很大的优势,它不仅作为个人应用显示器,还是紧凑型大屏幕投影系统设计的基础,由于平板显示器的迅速发展和普及,使得头盔显示器在很大成度上克服了大重量、大体积、高功耗和高工作电压等缺点,使其应用前景更加广阔,由于其具有大画面、便携、不须手持、可体验视觉图像变化时全身心投入的临场感等特点,已被广泛应用于航空航天、军事、娱乐、医疗、工程和模拟训练等领域。
发明内容
本发明采用一个微型显示器1来显示内部通道的图像,由于头盔显示器在使用中会长时间地佩戴在用户头部,所以要求头盔的光学与机械结构紧凑、重量轻,为此本发明中的图像源采用OLED显示器,其输出图像宽高比为4∶3,即水平视场与垂直视场的比值为4∶3。
本发明中所给出的光学系统的出瞳距离为透镜2顶点与人眼瞳孔的最小距离。为保证使用者佩戴方便,出瞳距离不应过小,应大于15mm,如果允许用户在使用时佩戴眼镜的话,则要求出瞳距为15mm-25mm。本发明所采用的出瞳距离为大于20mm。
本发明中所给出的光学系统的出瞳直径为8mm。人眼瞳孔在正常状态下的直径为2mm左右,在黑暗环境下会适当放大。为了允许人眼眼球有一定范围的移动,一般要求头盔显示器光学系统的出瞳直径大小在6mm-10mm,本发明中的出瞳直径给定为8mm。本发明中的光学系统的瞳距采用62mm。大多数双目显示头盔由两个对称的光学系统组成,它们各自出瞳主光线的距离为此头盔显示系统的瞳距。人眼的瞳距一般在52-78mm之间,常用范围60-64mm;双目头盔的瞳距应能良好地配合使用者的双目瞳距。为了使系统结构简单,设计时使用平均值为62mm。
本发明的技术方案包括:微显示器OLED1,正透镜2,平直分光板3与光轴成45°放置,透镜4,出瞳位置5。
本发明各部件的位置及连接关系:微显示器1与正透镜2同轴放置,并与含有衍射面的正透镜4的光轴垂直,平直分光板3位于正透镜2和含有衍射面的正透镜4之间并分别与两个透镜的光轴成45°放置。从微显示器1出射的光线经过正透镜2到达平直分光板3,反射含有衍射面的正透镜4,再反射后经过平直分光板3,到达人眼瞳孔位置5。观察者看到的是微显示器1经过光学系统图像和直接经过组合透镜看到的外界环境。
本发明的优点是将微显示器OLED的图像经过光学系统在观察者前方2m远处成45in放大的虚像。可减小系统口径,使得头盔显示器体积小、重量轻、功耗低,从而实现大画面,体验视觉图像变化时的“沉浸感”,并根据不同的应用呈献不同的视觉效果
引入反射镜来折叠光路以缩短系统长度,引入衍射面,利用其负色散性和波面任意整形特性来消除系统色差及改善波前像差。
附图说明
图1是本发明的一种眼镜式头盔显示器光学系统的结构示意图。其中包括OLED微显示器1,正透镜2,平直分光板3,含有衍射面的正透镜4,出瞳位置5。
图2是本发明的实施例的调制传递函数曲线。和所选对角线尺寸为0.61in,分辨率为800×600的OLED图像源对应的空间分辨率为30lp/mm时,系统传递函数值最低为0.33,满足目镜要求。
图3是本发明的实施例的二元衍射面的线频率(a)和相位(b)随元件径向坐标的变化,由图可知,衍射面具有174个环带周期,最小环带间隔为33μm,完全满足当前国内衍射透镜面形加工的技术要求。
具体实施方式
如图1所示,系统图像源采用0.61in的OLED,出瞳直径8mm,出瞳距离20mm,系统的全视场为32°。正透镜2、含有衍射面的正透镜4及平直分光板的材料均采用塑料(PMMA),透镜2的表面都采用球面,透镜4的前表面采用衍射面后表面采用球面。平直分光板与光轴夹角45°放置。
OLED图像源1产生的图像经过光学正透镜2到平直反光板3上,再反射到含有衍射面的正透镜4上,最后在眼睛所在位置产生一幅图像,在观察者前方2m远处成45in放大的虚像。从而产生“沉浸感”,并根据不同的应用呈献不同的视觉效果。
Claims (4)
1、一种眼镜式头盔显示器光学系统,其特征在于该光学系统包括OLED显示器1,正透镜2,平直反光板3,含有衍射面的正透镜4和出瞳位置5;
本发明各部件的位置及连接关系:微显示器1与正透镜2同轴放置,并与含有衍射面的正透镜4的光轴垂直,平直分光板3位于正透镜2和含有衍射面的正透镜4之间并分别与两个透镜的光轴成45°放置。从微显示器1出射的光线经过正透镜2到达平直分光板3,反射到含有衍射面的正透镜4上,再反射后经过平直分光板3,到达人眼瞳孔位置5。
2、根据权利要求1所述的一种眼镜式头盔显示器光学系统,其特征在于为了减小系统体积,降低系统重量,正透镜2,平直反光板3,含有衍射面的正透镜4均采用塑料(PMMA)材料制作。
3、根据权利要求1所述的一种眼镜式头盔显示器光学系统,其特征在于其输出图像宽高比为4∶3,即水平视场与垂直视场的比值为4∶3。
4、根据权利要求1所述的一种眼镜式头盔显示器光学系统,其特征在于双目显示头盔由两个对称的光学系统组成,它们各自出瞳主光线的距离为此头盔显示系统的瞳距,成年人眼的瞳距一般在52-78mm之间,常用范围60-64mm;头盔显示器光学系统的出瞳直径大小在6mm-10mm;出瞳距离为15-25mm。
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