CN101423434A - Preparation method of fertilizer - Google Patents
Preparation method of fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN101423434A CN101423434A CN 200810227872 CN200810227872A CN101423434A CN 101423434 A CN101423434 A CN 101423434A CN 200810227872 CN200810227872 CN 200810227872 CN 200810227872 A CN200810227872 A CN 200810227872A CN 101423434 A CN101423434 A CN 101423434A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fertilizer preparation method and belongs to the field of agricultural science and technology. The method comprises the following steps: the amount of organic fertilizer for anticipated use is determined; the content of nitrogen nutrient in the organic fertilizer is calculated; if the content of the nitrogen nutrient is larger than the needed content of the nitrogen nutrient and is larger than a set threshold value, the amount of the organic fertilizer is adjusted in order that the content of the nitrogen nutrient is equal to the threshold value; otherwise, the amount of the organic fertilizer for anticipated use is used as the amount of the organic fertilizer; if the content of the nitrogen nutrient is insufficient, a nitrogen fertilizer is used for complementing the balance between the content of the nitrogen nutrient and the needed content of the nitrogen nutrient; if the total content of kalium nutrient is insufficient, a kalium fertilizer is used for complementing the balance between the total content of the kalium nutrient and the needed content of the kalium nutrient; if the total content of phosphorus nutrient is insufficient, a phosphate fertilizer is used for complementing the balance between the total content of the kalium nutrient and the needed content of the kalium nutrient; if the total content of the nitrogen nutrient is excessive, the used nitrogen fertilizer is reduced in nitrogen preparation in order that the total content of the nitrogen nutrient is close to the needed content of the nitrogen nutrient; and the use amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is limited through reducing to zero. The fertilizer preparation method can be used for a fertilization formula of the fertilizer.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of fertilizer, the particularly a kind of different varieties fertilizer amount being optimized based on the npk nutrient consumption joined fertile method.Belong to field of agricultural science and technology.
Background technology
For realizing the stable and high yields of agricultural, improve utilization rate of fertilizer, economize on resources and the energy, realize eco-friendly agricultural sustainable development, the researcher of various countries, expert and professional of agriculture are to a large amount of test of crop formula fertilising having carried out, work out a series of formulated fertilization method, advantageously promoted Agricultural Development.
The most typical and the most the most frequently used method has method of fertilization for target yield, subregion preparation method of fertilizer, survey soil to join fertilizer etc.These methods all are by summing up the field test that existing or science is arranged, according to land capability class, soil nutrient richly lack, the target output of crop etc. carries out N, P, the K nutrient is recommended.With respect to peasant's rate of fertilizer application comparatively blindly, these methods have the common advantage, and that is exactly to provide relatively reasonable N, P, K nutrient amount of application, accomplishes the rational application of fertilizer, balance fertilizing.
But, in the process of practical application, there are some shortcomings again, that is, can only provide the nutrient consumption of N, P, K, can not provide the consumption of peasant habit fertilising kind.
In actual application, when directly applying fertilizer recommendation to peasant household, it is necessary recommending the consumption of peasant habit fertilising kind, reason has three: one, and the various composite fertilizers of China, the fat material kind of compound reach thousands of kinds, and along with greatly developing of livestock and poultry breeding industry, fertilizers such as more feces of livestock and poultry have been produced, so the fertilizer variety difference that different peasants use is very big, the fertilizer that often comprises various fertilizers, composite fertilizer and other kind is so should select the fertilising kind of peasant habit for use on the fertilising kind.The 2nd, the N of different fertilizer kind, P, K nutrient content are widely different, and the peasant household on kind of the ground of much being in is women and old man, and schooling is relatively low, and is bigger by themselves consumption difficulty of calculating each kind fertilizer; The 3rd, the fertilizer variety that peasant habit is used is generally 1 to multiple, and a lot of peasant households are application of organic fertilizers also, be inconvenient to store generally because of fertilizer and must apply the farmland, if according to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrition consumption with pure mathematics formula (ternary linear function) calculate peasant habit fertilising kind should the amount of executing, may exist not have and separate, there are several to separate, perhaps separate and be negative, cause these results when actual recommendation fertilizer, can't use.
Therefore, after providing farmland N, P, the reasonable recommended amounts of K nutrient, to peasant habit fertilising kind, join fertilizer when especially comprising the fertilizer kind, apply fertilizer the point of kind and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrition to relation of crop yield and environmental influence etc. in conjunction with the peasant, invent a kind of fertile method of joining comparatively easily, be with a wide range of applications.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of preparation method of fertilizer, under the prerequisite that provides farmland nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrition reasonable volume, to peasant habit fertilising kind, be optimized when especially comprising the fertilizer kind and join fertilizer, the reasonable volume of configuration different fertilizer kind.The present invention had both considered the characteristics of peasant habit fertilising, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrition have been taken into account again to relation between crop yield and the environmental effect etc., the not only feasible science, reasonable more of making a strategic decision of applying fertilizer, and can improve fertilizer utilising efficiency, save cost, more help crop yield simultaneously, improve agroecological environment.
In order to reach above-mentioned technical purpose, the present invention adopts the five step preparation method of fertilizer that comprise the following step:
The first step: join fertilizer
In the habits fertilization kind of peasant household, fertilizer is more special.These fertilizers mainly comprise human excrement, feces of livestock and poultry, stack retting fertilizer etc., because of storing characteristics such as inconvenience, smell is more unpleasant, so for the peasant household of fertilizer is arranged, fertilizer is must fertilise, and generally also can apply the farmland to whole amounts.
The inventive method is determined preferential use peasant's fertilizer kind and consumption on the basis of considering this factor, and then all the other fertilizer varieties of adapted and consumption.
But organic manure application rate is not The more the better yet, when the fertilizer consumption of peasant habit, especially with the fertilizer nitrogen consumption during considerably beyond the crop demand, can cause a series of agroecological environment problem on the contrary, cause pollution of area source etc. as farmland disease insect pest increase, soil quality decline, nitrogen and phosphorus loss.Therefore, when peasant's fertilizer custom consumption surpasses this higher limit, adjust to higher limit to its consumption.In the present invention, when the nitrogen amount of nutrients in the fertilizer during greater than 1.5 times of required nitrogen amount of nutrients, the consumption of fertilizer is adjusted to 1.5 times nitrogen requirement, and in other words, the higher limit of fertilizer consumption is 1.5 times that the nitrogen amount of nutrients of fertilizer equals rational amount of nitrogen.Of particular note, higher limit is variable according to not being both of factors such as fertilizer character, planting area, planting system, edaphic condition, and the present invention is an example with 1.5 times just.
Second step: join nitrogen
In peasant's fertilising kind, the fertilizer variety that nitrogen content and the ratio of nitrogen phosphorus potassium total nutrient content are the highest is supplied nitrogen nutrient consumption difference as nitrogen fertilizers.As do not have a nitrogen fertilizers, then commonly used with the peasant and the simple substance nitrogenous fertilizer that can buy in the locality (as urea etc.) substitute.The difference of nitrogen amount of nutrients is that total nitrogen consumption deducts the nitrogen content that the first step has been joined fertilizer.Be not more than 0 as nitrogen nutrient consumption difference, then need not join nitrogenous fertilizer again, skip this step.
The 3rd step: join potassium
In peasant's fertilising kind, the fertilizer variety that potassium content and the ratio of nitrogen phosphorus potassium total nutrient content are the highest is supplied potassium nutrition consumption difference as the potash fertilizer kind, as not having the potash fertilizer kind, then commonly used with the peasant and simple substance potash fertilizer (as vitriolate of tartar, Repone K etc.) that can buy in the locality substitutes; Identical as the potash fertilizer kind with nitrogen fertilizers, then skip this step.The difference of potassium nutrition amount is that total potassium application rate deducts the potassium content that first two steps have been joined fertilizer variety.Be not more than 0 as potassium nutrition consumption difference, then need not join potash fertilizer again, skip this step.
The 4th step: join phosphorus
In peasant's fertilising kind, the fertilizer variety that phosphorus content and the ratio of nitrogen phosphorus potassium total nutrient content are the highest is supplied phosphorus nutrient consumption difference as phosphate fertilizer variety, as do not have a phosphate fertilizer kind, then commonly used with the peasant and the simple substance phosphate fertilizer that can buy in the locality (as normal superphosphate etc.) substitute; Identical as phosphate fertilizer variety with nitrogen fertilizers, then skip this step.The difference of phosphorus amount of nutrients is that total phosphorus consumption deducts first three step and joined the phosphorus content of fertilizer variety.Be not more than 0 as phosphorus nutrient consumption difference, then need not join phosphate fertilizer again, skip this step.
The 5th step: nitrogenous fertilizer adjustment
May contain nutrients of nitrogen because the 3rd step, the 4th step join in the fertile fertilizer variety, cause the nitrogen amount of nutrients in the fertilizer total amount higher, therefore the consumption of the second step nitrogen fertilizers be adjusted again, the nitrogen water gaging when reducing to total nitrogen and equaling second EOS is flat.If the total nitrogen level when also not reducing to second EOS when the consumption of nitrogen fertilizers is adjusted into 0 then is adjusted into 0 to the consumption of nitrogen fertilizers and gets final product.
The inventive method mainly contains following three aspect foundations:
One, on effect of increasing production, under the existing soil fertility level conditions of China, absorbs feature according to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrition physics and chemistry characteristics and the crop in soil, and confirm that through a large amount of field tests nitrogenous fertilizer has the greatest impact to crop yield.Lack nitrogenous fertilizer, output can obviously descend.Comparatively speaking, phosphate fertilizer takes second place to the influence of output, and potash fertilizer is less to the influence of output.As at northern area, the quick-acting potassium content of black earth is generally more, so the effect of potassium application is not too big.
Two, to environmental influence, the excessive of nitrogenous fertilizer used, and at arid region, can cause more ammonia volatilization; Can cause the more nitric nitrogen in field, nitrite nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen etc. to run off from the soil body by modes such as runoff, leachings in zone, the network of rivers, the nutrient that runs off enters water bodys such as river, lake, cause water body nitrogen eutrophication, polluted water and environment (blue algae bloom as Taihu Lake is just relevant with water body nitrogen phosphorus eutrophication).Execute the excessive phosphorus element that also can cause of phosphate fertilizer and run off, cause the plain eutrophication of water systems'phosphorus.But for ammonium nitrogen, nitric nitrogen, phosphorus is water-soluble less in the fertilizer, and number of dropouts is less relatively.Except being absorbed by crop, more phosphate fertilizer also easily with the soil body in iron, calcium plasma reaction, form insoluble compound, remain in soil mineral particle or the soil colloid, when scarce phosphorus, be discharged in the soil solution again and absorbed by crop.And after potash fertilizer is manured into soil, because potassium is positively charged ion, be easy to be absorbed and fixed in the soil by soil colloid, when needing, crop discharges by ion-exchange again.Certainly the small amount of potassium element also may lose with current, but basically to not influence of ecotope.
Three, on the cost input, excessive the using all of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer can increase production cost, reduces utilization rate of fertilizer.Increase of factors such as the market value decision of the amount of cost by fertilizer variety, fertilizer amount and fertilizer.Change an angle, go to consider, also meet one of ultimate principle of Plant Nutrition-law of diminishing return principle from the economic benefit of input and output.
Therefore, when peasant's habits fertilization kind is joined fertilizer, adopt production-increasing function maximum, environmental influence minimum, cost to drop into minimum thinking, follow strictness join nitrogen fertilizer application, suitably allocate phosphate fertilizer, join the principle of potassium application flexibly, guarantee fertilizer-matching process and science, reasonableness, the practicality of joining fertile result.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below by preferred embodiment.
Embodiment 1:
Required nutrient: 25 kilograms in nitrogen (N), 15 kilograms in phosphorus (P2O5), 15 kilograms in potassium (K2O).
The peasant has 1500 kilograms of pig manures, need all execute the farmland, the fertilizer variety that peasant habit is used is No. 1, composite fertilizer and urea, and the nutrient content of fertilizer perhaps comes out by test determination under the prior art condition in the fertilizer packing bag, can find on the professional magazine published.The correlation parameter of peasant's applying fertilizer kind sees the following form 1, wherein: N%-fertilizer nitrogen content (%), P
2O
5%-fertilizer phosphorus content (P
2O
5%), K
2O%-fertilizer potassium content (K
2O%), the nitrogenous phosphorus potassium of N/Tol-fertilizer nitrogen content/fertilizer total amount, P
2O
5The nitrogenous phosphorus potassium of/Tol-fertilizer phosphorus content/fertilizer total amount, K
2The nitrogenous phosphorus potassium of O/Tol-fertilizer potassium content/fertilizer total amount.Nitrogen fertilizers, phosphate fertilizer variety, potash fertilizer kind respectively by of the present invention second and third, four steps judged, also describe in the following step of specific embodiment.
Table 1. fertilising kind parameter list
| The fertilizer classification | Peasant habit fertilising kind | N％ | P 2O 5％ | K 2O％ | N/ Tol | P 2O 5/Tol | K 2O/ Tol | Nitrogen fertilizers | Phosphate fertilizer variety | The potash fertilizer kind |
| Fertilizer | Pig manure | 0.55 | 0.36 | 0.37 | ||||||
| Chemical fertilizer | No. 1, composite fertilizer | 12 | 10 | 15 | 0.32 | 0.27 | 0.41 | √ | √ | |
| Chemical fertilizer | Urea | 46 | 1.00 | √ |
Present embodiment is joined fertilizer according to following step:
1, joins fertilizer
This peasant's fertilizer is a pig manure, 1500 kilograms.Nitrogen content in the pig manure=1500 * 0.55%=8.25 kilogram.8.25 less than 1.5 times of nitrogen requirement, promptly less than 25 * 1.5=37.5 kilogram, so 1500 kilograms of pig manures of peasant are executed entirely.
2, join fertilizer nitrogen
At first determine nitrogen fertilizers: composite fertilizer is for No. 1 a nitrogen phosphorus potassium Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium, N/Tol=0.32, and the N/Tol=1 of urea is so the urea of choosing the N/Tol maximum is as nitrogen fertilizers.Determine the difference of nitrogen amount of nutrients then: the 25-8.25=16.75 kilogram.The 3rd determines amount of urea: 16.75 ÷ 46%=36.41 promptly need with 36.41 kilograms in urea.
3, join chemical fertilizer potassium
At first determine the potash fertilizer kind: in fertilizer variety, the K2O/Tol=0.41 maximum that No. 1, composite fertilizer is so can be used as the potash fertilizer kind.Determine the difference of potassium nutrition amount then: pig manure potassium content=1500 * 0.37%=5.55 kilogram, urea potassium content are 0, the difference of potassium nutrition amount=15-5.55-0=9.45 kilogram.The 3rd determines No. 1 consumption of composite fertilizer: 9.45 ÷ 15%=63 promptly need with 63 kilograms of No. 1, composite fertilizers.
4, join chemical fertilizer phosphorus
At first determine phosphate fertilizer variety: in fertilizer variety, the P2O5/Tol=0.27 maximum that No. 1, composite fertilizer is so also can be used as phosphate fertilizer variety.Determine the difference of phosphorus amount of nutrients then: pig manure phosphorus content=1500 * 0.36%=5.4 kilogram, urea phosphorus content are No. 1 phosphorus content of composite fertilizer=63 * 10%=6.3 kilogram of joining in 0, the 3 step, the difference of phosphorus amount of nutrients=15-5.4-0-6.3=3.3 kilogram.The 3rd determines No. 1 consumption of composite fertilizer: 3.3 ÷ 10%=33 promptly need with 33 kilograms of No. 1, composite fertilizers.
5, nitrogenous fertilizer adjustment.3rd, 4 step fertilizer varieties contain nitrogen amount=63 * 12%+33 * 12%=7.56+3.96=11.52 kilogram, nitrogen total nutrient content=11.75+8.25+11.52=31.52 kilogram, and the nitrogen amount of nutrients during second EOS is 25 kilograms (16.75+8.25).Therefore 25 kilograms of the nitrogen amount of nutrients in the time of need readjusting nitrogen fertilizer amount to second EOS.25-11.52-8.25=5.23 kilogram, promptly nitrogen fertilizers in fact only needs benefit nitrogen to get final product for 5.23 kilograms.Adjust back urea actual amount=5.23 ÷ 46%=11.37 kilograms.
Carry out brief summary to joining fertile result, need execute 1500 kilograms of pig manures altogether, 11.37 kilograms in urea, No. 1, composite fertilizer 96 kilograms (63+33=96).
The rate of fertilizer application reckoner of table 2. embodiment 1 (unit: kilogram)
Embodiment 2
Present embodiment is identical with embodiment 1, and difference is that the amount of fertilizer is 5000 kilograms, and table 3 has shown fertile amount of joining of present embodiment.
The rate of fertilizer application reckoner of table 3. embodiment 2 (unit: kilogram)
Embodiment 3
Present embodiment is identical with embodiment 1, and difference is that the amount of fertilizer is 0 kilogram, i.e. organic fertilizer not.Table 4 has shown fertile amount of joining of present embodiment.
The rate of fertilizer application reckoner of table 4. embodiment 3 (unit: kilogram)
Claims (5)
1, a kind of preparation method of fertilizer comprises the following steps: successively
A. determine the amount of organic fertilizer that expection is used;
B. calculate the nitrogen amount of nutrients in the amount of organic fertilizer that described expection uses, if described nitrogen amount of nutrients is greater than required nitrogen amount of nutrients, and, then amount of organic fertilizer is adjusted to the amount that the nitrogen amount of nutrients that makes wherein equals described threshold value, otherwise to expect that the amount of organic fertilizer of using is as amount of organic fertilizer greater than preset threshold;
C. if nitrogen amount of nutrients deficiency, then supply difference between described nitrogen amount of nutrients and the required nitrogen amount of nutrients with nitrogenous fertilizer;
D. if the potassium nutrition insufficient total amount, then supply difference between described potassium nutrition total amount and the required potassium nutrition amount with potash fertilizer;
E. if phosphorus total nutrient content deficiency, then supply difference between described phosphorus total nutrient content and the required phosphorus amount of nutrients with phosphate fertilizer;
F. if the nitrogen total nutrient content is excessive, then reduces among the step c employed nitrogenous fertilizer and make the nitrogen total nutrient content, reduce to zero with described nitrogen fertilizer amount and exceed near required nitrogen amount of nutrients.
2, preparation method of fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the described threshold value of step b is 1.5 times of required nitrogen amount of nutrients.
3, preparation method of fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the described nitrogenous fertilizer of step c be in the optional fertilizer nitrogen amount of nutrients with respect to the highest fertilizer of ratio of nitrogen phosphorus potassium total nutrient amount.
4, preparation method of fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the described phosphate fertilizer of steps d be in the optional fertilizer phosphorus amount of nutrients with respect to the highest fertilizer of ratio of nitrogen phosphorus potassium total nutrient amount.
5, preparation method of fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the described potash fertilizer of step e be in the optional fertilizer potassium nutrition amount with respect to the highest fertilizer of ratio of nitrogen phosphorus potassium total nutrient amount.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103804051A (en) * | 2014-01-26 | 2014-05-21 | 福建省亚热带植物研究所 | Compound fertilizer for reducing loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in melon and fruit vegetable planting soil and manufacturing method of compound fertilizer |
| CN105669263A (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2016-06-15 | 东北农业大学 | Method for optimizing content of phosphorus in compost |
| CN107874006A (en) * | 2017-06-27 | 2018-04-06 | 湖北农谷畅响土壤修复科技股份有限公司 | A kind of computational methods of biological fish manure formula |
| CN110999615A (en) * | 2019-11-12 | 2020-04-14 | 内蒙古农业大学 | Nitrogen application quantity optimization model for potato field drip irrigation on north foot of inner Mongolia yin mountain and application of model |
| CN112151126A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2020-12-29 | 湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所 | Calculation method for quantitatively replacing chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer |
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2008
- 2008-12-02 CN CN 200810227872 patent/CN101423434A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103804051A (en) * | 2014-01-26 | 2014-05-21 | 福建省亚热带植物研究所 | Compound fertilizer for reducing loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in melon and fruit vegetable planting soil and manufacturing method of compound fertilizer |
| CN103804051B (en) * | 2014-01-26 | 2016-02-17 | 福建省亚热带植物研究所 | A kind of compound manure and manufacture method thereof reducing the loss of plantation melon-fruit-like vegetable soil nitrogen phosphorus |
| CN105669263A (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2016-06-15 | 东北农业大学 | Method for optimizing content of phosphorus in compost |
| CN107874006A (en) * | 2017-06-27 | 2018-04-06 | 湖北农谷畅响土壤修复科技股份有限公司 | A kind of computational methods of biological fish manure formula |
| CN110999615A (en) * | 2019-11-12 | 2020-04-14 | 内蒙古农业大学 | Nitrogen application quantity optimization model for potato field drip irrigation on north foot of inner Mongolia yin mountain and application of model |
| CN112151126A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2020-12-29 | 湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所 | Calculation method for quantitatively replacing chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer |
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Open date: 20090506 |