CN101420926A - 特别是用于髋内假体的关节窝 - Google Patents

特别是用于髋内假体的关节窝 Download PDF

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CN101420926A
CN101420926A CNA2007800132723A CN200780013272A CN101420926A CN 101420926 A CN101420926 A CN 101420926A CN A2007800132723 A CNA2007800132723 A CN A2007800132723A CN 200780013272 A CN200780013272 A CN 200780013272A CN 101420926 A CN101420926 A CN 101420926A
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glenoid fossa
inserts
housing
container cavity
glenoid
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M·伊姆霍夫
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Smith and Nephew Orthopaedics AG
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Plus Orthopedics AG
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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)

Abstract

特别是用于髋内假体的关节窝，包括一关节窝壳体(18)以及一用于支承一关节头的关节窝嵌件(20)。关节窝嵌件(20)具有一个具有球面形的外表面(28)的部分(22)并且可定位在关节窝壳体(18)的一容纳腔(24)内，使得关节窝嵌件(20)的球面形的外表面(28)与容纳腔(24)的旋转轴线(26)同心地接触容纳腔的内表面(30)。在同心的接触的区域内容纳腔(24)的内表面(30)的曲率半径始终大于关节窝嵌件(20)的球面形的部分(22)的曲率半径。由此在关节窝壳体(18)和关节窝嵌件(20)之间实现自锁的夹紧。关节窝嵌件(20)和容纳腔(24)的彼此对应的表面(28、30)其中至少一个表面的变形阻力相对于这些元件的核心区域的变形阻力减小，特别是通过构成表面结构(32，34)。

Description

特别是用于髋内假体的关节窝
技术领域
本发明特别是涉及一种根据权利要求1的前序部分的用于髋内假体的关节窝，具有一个关节窝壳体和一个用于支承关节头的关节窝嵌件。
背景技术
在全内假体、特别是髋内假体中，在股骨中插入一个具有关节头的假体杆。在髋骨中植入一个关节窝，其用作用于关节头的轴承壳体。关节窝通常包括一个关节窝壳体和一个关节窝嵌件。关节窝壳体相对于骨头优化，而关节窝嵌件对于关节头的支承特性是决定性的。关节窝壳体如此构成和定位在骨头中，使得关节窝壳体在骨头内尽可能稳定的生长是可能的。关节窝嵌件可以在关节窝壳体中如此定向，使得关节头被容纳成获得假体杆和因此患者的股骨的尽可能准确的矫正位置。
由EP 0 663 193 A1已知一种关节窝，其中关节窝嵌件具有一个球面形的外表面并且以该球面形的外表面位于关节窝壳体的一个具有相同的球半径的球面形容纳腔内。在将关节窝嵌件装入关节窝壳体内时关节窝嵌件可以围绕其旋转轴线任意地转动并且以其旋转轴线任意地相对于容纳腔的旋转轴线翻转。由此可能的是，将关节窝壳体在骨头内相应于骨头结构定位。关节窝嵌件可以相应于假体杆和关节头的矫正位置定向。为了将关节窝嵌件固定在其位于关节窝壳体内的位置上，关节窝壳体的容纳腔的球面形的内表面具有尖形伸出的齿，其嵌入关节窝嵌件的外表面内。因为齿必须嵌入关节窝嵌件的外表面内，所以关节窝嵌件的材料的选择存在限制。将关节窝嵌件压到关节窝壳体的齿上使得关节窝嵌件的精确定位变得困难。
为了避免上述的问题，在DE 103 60 390 A1中建议，关节窝嵌件的外表面在一个与容纳腔的旋转轴线同心的接触线上与容纳腔的内表面接触，从而容纳腔的内表面在这个接触线的区域内以这种方式朝向容纳腔的轴极变窄，从而在这个区域内的曲率半径始终大于关节窝嵌件的外表面的球半径，并且关节窝嵌件可自锁地夹紧在容纳腔内。由于上述的在关节窝嵌件和关节窝壳体之间线性的接触，关节窝嵌件在关节窝壳体的容纳腔内的轻易的转动和翻转是可能的，以便最佳地调准关节窝嵌件的位置。一旦关节窝嵌件被调准，那么一个较轻的压力足以将关节窝嵌件压入变窄的容纳腔内，由此关节窝嵌件在容纳腔内被自锁地夹紧。自锁的夹紧导致关节窝嵌件在关节窝壳体内的高稳定的固定。关节的受载在此导致附加地将关节窝嵌件压入关节窝壳体内，从而附加地加强关节窝壳体的固定。因为最佳定向的关节窝嵌件的固定通过简单地压入容纳腔内形成，所以固定可以简单地实施并且不需要附加的器械或附加的固定装置。自锁的夹紧在关节窝嵌件进入容纳腔内的最小的移动路径时实现，从而在固定关节窝嵌件时不会出现关节窝嵌件的定向的不小心的误调节。关于上述结构的其它的优点参考DE 103 60 390 A1。特别是也出现这样的优点，即在股骨颈骨在关节窝的边缘上冲击假体杆时在最不利的情况下仅仅关节窝嵌件在关节窝壳体中变松，而不是关节窝壳体在骨头中变松。在紧接的关节的通常负载的情况下，关节窝嵌件而后重新被压入关节窝壳体的容纳腔内并且重新夹紧和固定。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，从最后提及的现有技术出发且在保持它们的优点的情况下提供一种关节窝，特别是用于髋内假体的关节窝，其确保在关节窝壳体和关节窝嵌件之间的提高的夹紧作用，其中同时注意减小在彼此对应的夹紧面之间的特定的压力。
上述目的根据本发明通过权利要求1的特征部分的特征实现。由此可能的是，提高彼此对应的夹紧面的接触面并且减小在彼此对应的夹紧面的区域内的特定压力，而不会使得夹紧作用受到不利影响。
本发明的主要点在于，关节窝嵌件和容纳腔的彼此对应的表面其中至少一个的变形阻力相对于这些元件的核心区域的变形阻力减小，特别是通过构成表面结构。由此获得彼此对应的夹表面其中至少一个获得改善的可变形性，由此提高接触面并且相应减小特定压力，而不会不利地影响夹紧作用。
本发明的表面结构在一个优选的实施方式中如此得到，即相应的表面具有在容纳腔和/或关节窝嵌件的圆周上延伸的肋条或类似的突起。优选所述肋条在横截面上是三角形的或尖屋顶形状的。
相应于根据DE 103 60 390 A1的现有技术，容纳腔的内表面可以在接触线的区域内圆锥形构成，即具有无穷大的曲率半径。
内表面的锥角在大约3.5°至12°之间，特别是在大于5°和8°之间。在此涉及用于所谓的“自锁角度”的优选范围，该自锁角度取决于材料副。它是在锥体中心轴线和锥体母线之间的角度。
由于彼此对应的表面其中至少一个的表面结构，可能的是，关节窝嵌件和关节窝壳体分别由一种硬材料制成。通过这种表面结构也可以得到本发明需要的这些表面的较小的变形阻力。关节窝壳体优选由生理相容的金属制成，例如钛合金。对于关节窝嵌件可以选择一种与关节窝壳体和关节头的滑动副相对应的材料，例如金属或陶瓷的材料或者甚至塑料。
根据所述材料副可以有利的是，所述圆周肋条或类似的突起分别在圆周上同形式分布地中断。
一个特别有利的实施方式的特征在于，所述彼此对应的表面的所述至少一个表面的表面结构由三角形横截面的沟槽构成，所述沟槽由在圆周方向上延伸的、具有同样三角形或必要时甚至梯形的横截面的肋条分离。
附图说明
接下来借助于附图详细阐述一个按照本发明构成的关节窝的一个优选的实施方式或其一部分。其中；
图1示出一个髋内假体，部分轴向剖视图，部分侧视图；
图2根据图1的假体的关节窝的一部分的轴向剖视图；
图3以放大的比例示出根据图2的关节窝的放大的部分视图III；
图4根据图3的局部视图，以更加放大的比例。
具体实施方式
在图1中示意示出的髋内假体包括一个可植入髋骨10中的关节窝和一个嵌入股骨40内的假体杆12。假体杆12具有一个股骨颈骨14，在其上设置一支承在关节窝中的关节头16。关节窝包括一个可定位在髋骨10中的关节窝壳体18和一个关节窝嵌件20。关节窝壳体18可以借助于附加的螺钉固定在髋骨10内。关节窝壳体18也可以构成为螺纹关节窝，该螺纹关节窝在其外表面上具有一螺纹。基本上半球形的关节窝壳体18定义一个容纳腔24，该容纳腔关于关节窝壳体18的中心轴线26旋转对称。
关节窝嵌件20具有一个具有球面形的外表面28的部分22，该外表面与容纳腔24的圆锥形的或同样球面形的内表面30相对应，使得两个上述的表面在与旋转轴线26同心的情况下接触。在这个同心的接触的区域内关节窝壳体18的容纳腔24的内表面30的曲率半径始终大于关节窝嵌件20的球面部分22的曲率半径，从而该部分22在关节窝壳体18的容纳腔24内自锁地可夹紧地保持。当内表面30是一个朝向关节窝壳体18的轴极(pole)圆锥形地收缩的圆周面时，曲率半径是无穷大的。
非常重要的是，关节窝嵌件20和容纳腔24的彼此对应的表面28、30其中至少一个表面的变形阻力相对于这些元件的核心区域的变形阻力减小，特别是通过构成一个表面结构。这个表面结构在图2至4中示出的实施方式中设置在容纳腔24的球形的内表面30上，并且以在圆周上延伸的且横截面为三角形的沟槽32的形式，沟槽32被在圆周方向上延伸的具有同样三角形横截面的肋条34分离。在关节窝嵌件20和关节窝壳体18之间的最大的压紧的区域36内圆周肋条34的尖端发生变形，如其在图4中非常清楚地示出。这些尖端因此对关节窝壳体18的容纳腔24的内部的夹紧面30的较小的变形阻力负责。
肋条34通过上述的变形具有一个或多或少非常明显的梯形的横截面。
与根据DE 103 60 390 A1的现有技术不同，表面28、30不是沿着一个与容纳腔24的旋转轴线26同心的接触线，而是沿着一个与容纳腔24的旋转轴线26同心的接触条。由此在两个上述的表面之间的特定的压力显著减小，而不丧失夹紧作用。相反，由此确定，通过描述的措施甚至得到改善的夹紧作用，而关节窝壳体和/或关节窝嵌件的基体不会不可靠地变形。
然而应当指出，与关节窝壳体的赤道平面38相邻的内表面30与旋转轴线26围成的角度根据在关节窝嵌件20和关节窝壳体18之间的材料副如此选择，使得形成一自锁，其中自锁通过上述的表面结构附加地提高。优选所述角度在大约3.5°至12°，特别是在大于5度和8度之间。在金属的关节窝壳体18的情况下例如对于金属的关节窝嵌件20形成一个大约4.0°至5.0°的自锁的锥角，并且对于陶瓷的关节窝嵌件20形成一个大约8.0°至10.0°的自锁的锥角。
然而也应当指出，可以有利的是，两个彼此对应的接触或夹紧面中那个不具有明显的表面结构的接触或夹紧面至少进行粗糙化，具有一个在0.5和3.5μ之间的平均粗糙值Ra(根据DIN 4760或VSM10321)。由此获得与结构化的表面更佳的啮合。
所有在申请文件中公开的特征都是对于本发明重要的，只要它们单个地或组合相对于现有技术是新的。
附图标记清单
10 髋骨
12 假体杆
14 股骨颈骨
16 关节头
18 关节窝壳体
20 关节窝嵌件
22 关节窝嵌件的球面形的部分
24 容纳腔
26 关节窝壳体的中心轴线(旋转轴线)
28 关节窝嵌件的球面形的外表面
30 容纳腔24的锥形的或球面形的内表面
32 圆周沟槽
34 圆周肋条
36 关节窝壳体内部的关节窝嵌件的夹紧区域
38 关节窝壳体的赤道平面

Claims (8)

1.特别是用于髋内假体的关节窝，包括：
一关节窝壳体(18)；以及
一用于支承一关节头(16)的关节窝嵌件(20)，
其中关节窝嵌件(20)以一个具有球面形的外表面(28)的部分(22)定位在关节窝壳体(18)的一容纳腔(24)内，使得关节窝嵌件(20)的球面形的外表面(28)与容纳腔(24)的旋转轴线(26)同心地接触容纳腔的内表面(30)，并且
其中在同心的接触的区域内容纳腔(24)的内表面(30)的曲率半径始终大于关节窝嵌件(20)的球面形的部分(22)的曲率半径，从而该部分可自锁地夹紧地保持在关节窝壳体(18)的容纳腔(24)内，其特征在于，
关节窝嵌件(20)和容纳腔(24)的彼此对应的表面(28、30)其中至少一个表面的变形阻力相对于这些元件的核心区域的变形阻力减小，特别是通过构成表面结构(32，34)。
2.如权利要求1所述的关节窝，其特征在于，所述彼此对应的表面(28、30)的所述至少一个表面的表面结构通过在圆周上延伸的肋条(34)或类似的突起构成。
3.如权利要求2所述的关节窝，其特征在于，所述肋条(34)或类似的突起的横截面构成为三角形的或尖屋顶形状的。
4.如权利要求1至3之一项所述的关节窝，其特征在于，容纳腔(24)的内表面在所述同心的接触的区域内圆锥形构成(曲率半径是无穷的)。
5.如权利要求1至4之一项所述的关节窝，其特征在于，容纳腔(24)的内表面(30)与关节窝壳体(18)的旋转轴线(26)围成的角度是关节窝壳体(18)和关节窝嵌件(20)的材料副的自锁角度。
6.如权利要求4所述的关节窝，其特征在于，内表面(30)的所述角度在大约3.5°至12°之间，特别是在大约5°和8°之间。
7.如权利要求2至6之一项所述的关节窝，其特征在于，所述圆周肋条(34)或类似的突起分别在圆周上同形式分布地中断。
8.如权利要求1至7之一项所述的关节窝，其特征在于，所述彼此对应的表面(28、30)的所述至少一个表面的表面结构由三角形横截面的沟槽(32)构成，所述沟槽由在圆周方向上延伸的、具有同样三角形或必要时甚至梯形的横截面的肋条(34)分离。
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CN108289740A (zh) * 2015-11-23 2018-07-17 乔希控股股份公司 关节窝植入体

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CN102821703B (zh) * 2010-03-17 2016-01-20 托马斯·莫里斯·斯图尔特·格雷戈里 肩部替换装置
CN108289740A (zh) * 2015-11-23 2018-07-17 乔希控股股份公司 关节窝植入体

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