Summary of the invention
The southeast-Nanyang, Shanxi-Jingmen ultra-high voltage AC transmission engineering is a national grid major test demonstration project.At present, domestic except that China Electric Power Research Institute still do not have a test method that can satisfy accurate simulation 1000kV route protection dynamic simulator system Model Design scheme and route protection.For accurately simulating the situation of 1000kV system; guarantee the quality of 1000kV protective relaying device dynamic simulation test; is carrying out prototype system on the basis of labor China Electric Power Research Institute dynamic model experiment chamber; set up the dynamic simulator system that to simulate 1000kV extra-high-voltage alternating current experiment and demonstration engineering; designed and developed the circuit element model (the line impedance angle is the highest can to reach 88.4 °) that satisfies the 1000kV systematic function; transformer model; the shunt reactor model element; neutral point reactor model element; circuit shunt reactor model element that can the simulated interior fault; the current transformer of different no-load voltage ratios; capacitance type potential transformer; research and design the test method; in this system, can finish the dynamic simulation test of the route protection of 1000kV experiment and demonstration engineering; for research 1000kV transmission system transient characterisitics provide scientific basis to the influence of protective relaying device, be 1000kV transmission system relaying Design of device; type selecting; operation provides experimental condition.
The present invention proposes a kind of method of dynamic analog 1000kV route protection test; it is characterized in that at first design system model; adopt four generators to simulate the valve system that waits of a side in the model; protective device is installed in the both sides of two circuits respectively; two ends and centre at test circuit are provided with eight fault points altogether; the fault that each fault point all is used to simulate various types of metallicity or produces through the transition resistive short; voltage signal uses no-load voltage ratio to provide as the capacitance type potential transformer CVT in the line side of 1000kV/0.1kV; the no-load voltage ratio of each current transformer is 4000A/1A, and the analogue test project of carrying out then comprises:
(1), carry out transient state and surmount test and test 70% place operate time, the defencive function of only adjusting the distance detects, instantaneous voltage phase angle at the beginning of the capacity of short circuit of valve systems such as control and the short circuit, the various metallicity faults of analog line distal point;
(2), carry out static state and surmount test, the defencive function of only adjusting the distance detects, the capacity of short circuit of valve systems such as control and short circuit be instantaneous voltage phase angle just, the various metallicity faults of analog line distal point;
(3), carry out metallicity transient fault test on the circuit, metallicity instantaneity single-phase earthing, two phase ground, line to line fault, three-phase ground connection and three phase short circuit fault in the simulation protection zone;
(4), distinguish metallicity Test to Failure on the outer bus, the instantaneous single-phase earthing of metallicity, two phase ground, line to line fault, three-phase ground connection and three phase short circuit fault on the bus outside the simulation protection zone;
(5), the metallicity permanent fault of carrying out in the protection zone is tested;
(6), carry out the developing fault test, same fault point is developed into another phase earth fault through different time by single phase ground fault in the simulation protection zone, simulation region is outer-Nei single phase ground fault in different time develops into the protected circuit outlet area-outer different name phase single phase ground fault, the i.e. outer single phase ground fault of simulation region single phase ground fault different name phase single phase ground fault outside different time develops into the protected circuit outlet area in different name phase single phase ground fault and the simulation region in different time develops into the protected circuit outlet area;
(7), carry out the transition resistance Test to Failure, simulation in the district of 600 Ω~300 Ω transition resistances outside single phase ground fault and the district three-phase through the small resistor short-circuit fault test;
(8), carry out the system stability failure test, simulation reaches the power system oscillation procedure fault entirely mutually, and is reaching in the power system oscillation process the inside and outside metallic short circuit fault of generating region more entirely mutually;
(9), carry out the system frequency excursion test, analogue system frequency shift (FS) ± 2Hz, the inside and outside various metallic short circuit faults of simulation region;
(10), carry out the system operation Test to Failure, by operating power side switch, hand closes nonloaded line five times, and by operating power side switch, hand closes faulty line;
(11), under the single-side power mode, simulate each internal fault external fault;
(12), carry out the disconnection fault test;
(13), carry out under the different operating modes of each passage influence test to protective device;
(14), carry out DC power supply and intermittently reach the dc voltage fluctuation test.
1000kV route protection model system real simulated of the present invention following system performance:
(1.1), 1000kV system aperiodic damping time constant is about 110ms, this characteristic shows that 1000kV system aperiodic damping time constant may cause the transient state of distance protection to surmount more greatly.
(1.2), the 1000kV system is approximately 2160A (under the 1100kV voltage conditions) without the charging current of all fronts (654km) of the anti-compensation of height; All fronts charging current through the anti-compensation of height is approximately 250A (under the 1050kV voltage conditions).Compensativity is about 88%.
(1.3), 1000kV dynamic model system is abundant than 500kV system, 750kV system harmonics content, and the size of harmonic content is relevant with the position of system power, fault point.For the outlet short circuit of protection installation place, harmonic content is less; No matter be where the fault point is positioned at, the harmonic wave of Nanyang side very abundant (nine times and all to have next time)
(1.4), after the mains side switch disconnects, 1000kV dynamic model system voltage decays to time of zero and is approximately about 2s
Can be the very true comprehensive examination of the pilot project of method of the present invention 1000kV transmission system relaying device is at the action behavior of contingent various complicated electric power system faults, for 1000kV transmission system relaying Design of device, type selecting, operation provide important reference frame.
Embodiment
1, the research and development of system model design
The system equivalent figure of this project is referring to shown in Figure 2, and the southeast, Shanxi to Nanyang switchyard, Nanyang switchyard to Jingmen circuit are the 1000kV transmission line; The southeast, Shanxi-Nanyang switchyard extra high voltage line length is 363km, and Nanyang switchyard-Jingmen extra high voltage line length is 291km.1000kV bus maximum capacity of short circuit in the southeast, Shanxi is 10500MVA (maximum operational mode), and minimum capacity of short circuit is 4000MVA (minimum operational mode).Jingmen system is valve systems such as Central China net, and the maximum capacity of short circuit of 1000kV bus is that 10750MVA is a maximum operational mode, and minimum capacity of short circuit is that 9700MVA is a minimum operational mode.
In order better to simulate 1000kV transmission line system, China Electric Power Research Institute has designed a collection of new element new equipment voluntarily, has built the 1000kV transmission line model of design voluntarily.Adopt #3, #4, four generators of #6, #11 to simulate valve systems such as the southeast, Shanxi side in the model, with valve systems such as the infinitely great power supply simulation of 3W Jingmen.Wherein the southeast, Shanxi is connected to load transformer, and the rated capacity of load transformer is 11990MVA, and institute's on-load heap(ed) capacity is 7995MW.The major parameter of generator is referring to table 1-1, and line parameter circuit value is referring to table 1-2, table 1-3.
Table 1-1 generating set major parameter
Unit capacity |
900MVA |
900MVA |
900MVA |
900MVA |
Cosφ |
0.85 |
0.85 |
0.85 |
0.85 |
X’d∑ |
0.316 |
0.323 |
0.314 |
0.312 |
X″d∑ |
0.251 |
0.241 |
0.251 |
0.194 |
The table southeast, 1-2 Shanxi-Nanyang circuit major parameter (every 100km parameter)
Un |
X1 |
φ1 |
C1 |
X0 |
φ0 |
C0 |
1000kV |
26.3Ω |
88.35° |
1.397μF |
83.06Ω |
79.5° |
0.93μF |
1-3 Nanyang-Jingmen circuit major parameter (every 100km parameter)
Un |
X1 |
φ1 |
C1 |
X0 |
φ0 |
C0 |
1000kV |
26.3Ω |
88.25° |
1.383μF |
78.21Ω |
78.7° |
0.895μF |
The Nanyang switchyard adopts the double breaker scheme mode.The southeast, Shanxi-Nanyang switchyard circuit and Nanyang switchyard-circuit both sides, Jingmen all dispose shunt reactor, and its neutral point is through little reactance grounded.Be followed successively by 960Mvar, 720Mvar, 720Mvar, 600Mvar from the capacity of the southeast, Shanxi to Jingmen shunt reactor, the reactance value of the little reactance of neutral point is respectively: 280 Ω, 327 Ω, 334 Ω, 440 Ω.
The circuit winding diagram is referring to shown in Figure 2; protective device is installed in the southeast-Nanyang, Shanxi and Nanyang-circuit both sides, Jingmen respectively; two ends and centre at test circuit are provided with eight fault points altogether; its numbering is respectively K7, K9, K11, K1, K2, K3, K4, K10, and various types of metallicity can be simulated or through transition resistive short fault in each fault point.Voltage signal is that the line side capacitance type potential transformer (CVT) of 1000kV/0.1kV provides by no-load voltage ratio.The no-load voltage ratio of each current transformer is 4000A/1A.
At different pilot projects, system model is considered six kinds of operational modes, and details is referring to table 1-4.
Table 1-4 operational mode
2, the method for route protection test
According to the failure condition that 1000kV transmission system actual capabilities take place, China Electric Power Research Institute has designed a kind of method of dynamic analog 1000kV route protection test.
Pilot project comprises: (1), transient state surmount test and test 70% place operate time (defencive function of only adjusting the distance detects), and the meaning that the defencive function of only adjusting the distance here detects is that this test defencive function of only adjusting the distance detects.Distance protection is a kind of by calculating the protection action behavior is determined in the protective device installation place to the distance of fault point principle.If the fault point that calculates distance in the protection range of setting action outside protection range, then be failure to actuate.Test so will surmount with operate time its transient state.Transient state surmounts in the transient process that is meant after fault, because the fault point that the harmonic wave composition conference in the electric current and voltage calculates distance protection is inaccurate apart from the distance of protection installation place, off-limits situation occurs.
(2), static state surmounts test (defencive function of only adjusting the distance detects)
(3), metallicity transient fault on the circuit
(4), metallicity fault on the outer bus in district
(5), permanent fault on the circuit
(6), developing fault
(7), through the transition Resistance Fault
(8), system stability destroys
(9), system frequency excursion
(10), system operation
(11), single-side power mode
(12), TV broken string (only distance protection)
(13), TA broken string (only differential protection)
(14), the different operating modes of passage are to the influence test of protective device
(15), DC power supply intermittently reaches the dc voltage fluctuation test
Concrete pilot project content is:
Transient state surmounts test and 70% place's test operate time (defencive function of only adjusting the distance detects)
Content of the test: mode six and mode five times, the capacity of short circuit of valve systems such as control and short circuit be instantaneous voltage phase angle just, and the various metallicity faults of the terminal K1 of analog line (K7) point are carried out record to the range finding result in the test, referring to table 2-1.
Table 2-1 transient state surmounts pilot project
Test requirements document:
1. the Chao Yue of transient state ≦ 5%
2. 70% Dong of place makes Shi Jian ≦ 30ms.
Static state surmounts test (defencive function of only adjusting the distance detects)
Content of the test: in mode once, the capacity of short circuit of valve systems such as control and short circuit be instantaneous voltage phase angle just, the various metallicity faults of the terminal K3 of analog line (K9) point.Detailed programs are referring to table 2-2.
Table 2-2 static state surmounts pilot project
Test requirements document: the southeast, Shanxi lateral extent one segment protect does not surmount.
Metallicity transient fault on the circuit
Content of the test:
1. respectively mode one and mode two times, metallicity instantaneity single-phase earthing, two phase ground, line to line fault, three-phase ground connection and three phase short circuit fault in the simulation protection zone.Detailed programs are referring to table 2-3.
Table 2-3 metallicity Test to Failure project
Table 1-11 metallicity Test to Failure project (continuing)
Test requirements document:
1. protect not tripping.Not super scope malfunction.
2. should satisfy operate time: optical-fiber longitudinal difference protection: full Xian ≦ 30ms.
Fiber distance protection: nearly fault Duan ≦ 20ms, fault Duan ≦ 40ms far away.
3. single phase ground fault, protection should select action mutually, do not answer malfunction after the single-phase tripping of protection action overlaps again.
Distinguish metallicity fault on the outer bus
Content of the test:
Respectively mode one, mode two times, the instantaneous single-phase earthing of metallicity, two phase ground, line to line fault, three-phase ground connection and three phase short circuit fault on the bus outside the simulation protection zone.Trouble duration is 120ms.Detailed programs are referring to table 2-4.
Table 2-4 external area error pilot project
Test requirements document: protect not malfunction.
Permanent fault on the circuit
Content of the test: in mode once, metallicity permanent fault in the simulation protection zone, by laboratory procedure controller control reclosing process, coincidence system is a single-pole reclosing, be Jingmen side 1s reclosing time, Nanyang side 1.1s; Nanyang side 1s, the southeast, Shanxi side 1.1s.Detailed programs are referring to table 2-5.
Table 2-5 permanent fault pilot project
Test requirements document: after coinciding with permanent fault, the protection excision permanent fault that should be able to accelerate motion, not tripping.
Developing fault
Content of the test:
1. once, same fault point is developed into another phase earth fault through different time by single phase ground fault in the simulation protection zone in mode.Detailed programs are referring to table 2-6.
Table 2-6 developing fault pilot project
2. once in mode; outer (interior) single phase ground fault of simulation region in different time develops into the protected circuit outlet area (outside) different name phase single phase ground fault; the time interval of breaking down in succession is 0ms~200ms; when the simulation external area error; simulation adjacent lines protection correct operation is tripping both sides switch in succession; nearly fault end 50ms, fault end 110ms far away.Detailed programs are referring to table 2-6 (continuing).
Table 2-6 developing fault pilot project (continuing)
Test requirements document:
1. for changeing troubles inside the sample space in the district, protection should be in three-phase tripping operation after the second time fault.
2. develop into troubles inside the sample space for the outer bus in district, develop into troubles inside the sample space after, install and not answer tripping.
3. two sections alternate developing faults of line different name of Nanyang switchyard side, the tripping three-phase is answered in the both sides protection.
Through the transition Resistance Fault
Content of the test: carry out following test two times in mode one and mode respectively, dual mode totally 48 times.
1. simulate single phase ground fault in the district of 600 Ω~300 Ω transition resistances.Detailed programs are referring to table 2-7.
Table 2-7 is through transition resistance test project
2. the outer three-phase in district is through the small resistor short trouble.Detailed programs are referring to table 2-8.
Show outside the 2-8 district through transition resistance test project
Test requirements document:
1. in the district of transition resistance during single phase ground fault, differential current should be able to be excised fault greater than the 800A differential protection, and differential protection should be able to select action mutually.
2. the district is outer through the small resistor short circuit, and malfunction is not answered in distance protection.
System stability destroys
Content of the test: mode three times:
1. (be 300ms~1.5s) cycle of oscillation to simulate the full phase oscillation that quiet steady destruction causes.
2. simulate phase fault, protection action, the power system oscillation that the tripping of line switching A phase causes because of K7 point A.
3. simulate because of the southeast, Shanxi side switch A steals mutually and jump the power system oscillation that causes.
4. reaching in the power system oscillation process the inside and outside metallic short circuit fault of generating region more entirely mutually.Detailed programs are referring to table 2-9.
Test to Failure project again in table 2-9 vibration and the vibration
Test requirements document:
1. be failure to actuate in the full phase oscillation process.
2. be failure to actuate in the power system oscillation process.
3. troubles inside the sample space should move in the full phase oscillation process, and distinguish outer unbalanced fault should not malfunction, when distinguishing the external symmetry fault and being excised fast, protects and does not answer malfunction.
4. various troubles inside the sample spaces take place in the power system oscillation process should be able to three-phase action excision fault.
5. various external area errors take place in the power system oscillation process is failure to actuate.
System frequency excursion
Content of the test: mode four times, analogue system frequency shift (FS) ± 2Hz, the inside and outside various metallic short circuits of simulation region.
Detailed programs are referring to table 2-10.
Table 2-10 frequency shift (FS) pilot project
Table 2-10 frequency shift (FS) pilot project (continuing)
Table 2-10 frequency shift (FS) pilot project (continuing)
Test requirements document:
1. troubles inside the sample space is protected not tripping.
2. external area error is protected not malfunction.
System operation
Content of the test:
1. by operating power side switch, hand closes nonloaded line five times.The back branch that is incorporated into the power networks is harmonious and draws 5SK, 6SK.
2. by operating power side switch, hand closes faulty line.Detailed programs are referring to table 2-11.
Table 2-11 system operation test project
Test requirements document:
1. hand closes nonloaded line, and misoperation is not answered in protection.
2. hand closes faulty line, should accelerate motion three-phase tripping operation of protection, operate time should≤40ms.
The single-side power mode
Content of the test:
1. mode five times, simulate following internal fault external fault, referring to table 2-12.
Table 2-12 single-side power mode pilot project
Test requirements document:
1. troubles inside the sample space is answered correct operation.
TV break (only distance protection)
Pilot system: mode one.Content of the test:
1. simulating the southeast, Shanxi side CVT A breaks mutually.
2. simulate the southeast, Shanxi side CVT three-phase broken string.
3. simulate the southeast, Shanxi side CVT A phase flashover broken string.
4. simulate the internal fault external fault after the southeast, Shanxi side CVT A breaks mutually.Detailed programs are referring to table 2-13.
Table 2-13 TV broken string pilot project
Test requirements document: behind the broken string, protect not malfunction, send alarm signal, the relevant protection of locking.
TA break (only differential protection)
Content of the test:
1. under the situation of circuit band different capacity, simulation Jingmen side 19TAA breaks mutually.Detailed programs are referring to table 2-14.
Table 2-14 TA broken string pilot project
2. simulate the internal fault external fault after Jingmen side 19TA A breaks mutually.Detailed programs are referring to table 2-15.
Table 2-15 TA broken string pilot project
Table 2-15 TA broken string pilot project (continuing)
Test requirements document:
1. when load current reaches differential protection spill current startup value, should send alarm signal behind the broken string.When load current during, do not do examination less than differential protection spill current startup value.
2. broken string back simulated failure protects action behavior consistent with the device design.
The different operating modes of passage are to the influence test of protective device
Content of the test:
In mode once, under the different operating mode situation of analog channel, to the influence of protective device.Comprise:
1. passage error code and interruption, test STM-1 passage error performance is to the influence of protective device action behavior.The error rate of passage is controlled at 10
-2~10
-9Between.
Table 2-16 passage error code pilot project
Require: in the error rate less than 10
-6The time, the protective device action behavior should be correct; Protective device should be because of the malfunction of passage error code; Passage interrupts protection should be alarmed, and the corresponding protection of locking.
2. communication channel delay and passage switch, and channel time delay and passage handoff procedure are to the influence of protective device in test STM-16 passage, the STM-4 passage.
Table 2-17 communication channel delay and passage switching tests project
Require: under the situation of passage switching and channel time delay, the protective device action behavior is correct.
3. channel pressure test loads the influence to the protective device action behavior of in various degree error code, alarm equal pressure in the STM-1 passage.
The test of table 2-18 channel pressure
DC power supply intermittently reaches the dc voltage fluctuation test
Content of the test: once carry out in mode
1. the DC power supply of drawing protective device.
2. the quick repeatedly DC power supply of drawing protective device.
3. the direct voltage of adjusting protective device fluctuates between 80%~110%.
Test requirements document: protect not malfunction.
3, system debug
By mensuration, detect whether each parameter meets the requirements to model parameter.
4, test detects
Insert protective relaying device, carry out the detection of pilot project according to test method.
5, finish
Judged for result of the test that according to State Grid's product examination criteria and professional etiquette the test of passing through of satisfying standard detects, the then obstructed overtesting that does not satisfy standard detects, and needs to revise to treat to detect again.
Invention has been described according to specific exemplary embodiment herein.It will be conspicuous carrying out suitable replacement to one skilled in the art or revise under not departing from the scope of the present invention.Exemplary embodiment only is illustrative, rather than to the restriction of scope of the present invention, scope of the present invention is by appended claim definition.