CN101419106A - Differential screwed loader main cone pretightening force measuring set and method - Google Patents
Differential screwed loader main cone pretightening force measuring set and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101419106A CN101419106A CNA2008102437525A CN200810243752A CN101419106A CN 101419106 A CN101419106 A CN 101419106A CN A2008102437525 A CNA2008102437525 A CN A2008102437525A CN 200810243752 A CN200810243752 A CN 200810243752A CN 101419106 A CN101419106 A CN 101419106A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device and a method for measuring the pretightening force of a main cone of a loader based on differential speed tightening, which is characterized in that the measuring device is provided with a work top, a sleeve, an inner spline, a transmission line 1, a transmission line 2, and a pretightening moment measuring mechanism, wherein the work top is taken as a preassembling bench of the main cone and a bearing pedestal and a bearing pretightening moment measuring bench; the sleeve is matched with an opening of a locknut and used for screwing up the locknut; the inner spline is matched with an outer spline on the tail of the main cone and used for driving the main cone to rotate; the transmission line 1 takes a servomotor as a driving piece and the inner spline as a driven piece; and the transmission line 2 takes a servomotor as a driving piece and a sleeve as a driven piece. The method adopts the means of differential speed tightening to well realize detection of the starting friction torque.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to main cone pretightning force measurement mechanism and method in the shovel loader main cone assembly assembling process.
Background technology
Figure 1 shows that the main cone assembly in the shovel loader main reducing gear.Bearing in the main cone assembly is the taper roll bearing of a pair of anti-dress, and when shovel loader advanced, the suffered axial force of main cone was born by lower bearing 5, and the trend that disengages is arranged between the roller of head bearing 3 and the Internal and external cycle; When retreating, the suffered axial force of main cone is born by head bearing 3, and the trend that disengages is arranged between the roller of lower bearing 5 and the Internal and external cycle.
In order to improve the running accuracy of main cone assembly, reply main cone bearing applies certain prefastening load.But excessive as if prefastening load, the moment of friction of bearing inside increases, and makes bearing increase heating, and failure modes such as hot interlock and burn appear in bearing, reduces the fatigue lifetime and the rotational speed that influences main cone of bearing; If too small, bearing roller can produce slip with respect to inside and outside circle raceway, makes bearing produce vibration and noise, and main cone also can produce Device for elimination of axial-and radial-play.
The measurement of pretightning force and pretension amount is difficulty relatively, and the precision of measuring is subjected to influence of various factors such as instrument system error, bearing accuracy.The starting friction torgue measurement ratio of bearing is easier to, and measuring accuracy is also higher, and general using starting friction moment judges that the pretightning force of bearing inside is whether in desired scope.Starting friction moment generally is referred to as pre-fastening moment.
At present, the method for detection pre-fastening moment has three kinds:
1, dial the bearing seat of alternation of hosts's speed reduction unit by hand by the assembler, in acceptable ranges, this detection is subjected to the influence of workman's skilled operation degree, health and mood to the size that armrest sense and experience are judged pre-fastening moment;
2, manually use spring balance to come the pulling shaft bearing, make the bearing seat rotation, observe size then by the measured power of spring balance, the power of re-using multiply by the arm of force and obtains pre-fastening moment, in this measuring process, manual pulling spring balance can not guarantee that bearing seat does uniform rotation, the line of action of force of spring balance can not guarantee with Plane of rotation on a face, there is the line of action of force of being exactly can not be vertical with radius of turn again at the application point place, obviously, the mode of this rough measure pre-fastening moment can not satisfy the requirement of high precision assembling;
3, survey with torque spanner, main cone is at the uniform velocity rotated, and be subjected to the influence of the running accuracy of bearing, can accurately measurement axis not hold pre-fastening moment equally.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is for avoiding above-mentioned existing in prior technology weak point, provide a kind of based on differential screwed shovel loader main cone pretightning force measurement mechanism and method, so that the main cone bearing pre-fastening moment of shovel loader requires to be issued in certain productive temp and product quality is qualified, improve the assembly quality of main cone assembly and a kind of novel rigging equipment and the measuring method that assembly quality, reduction labor strength propose.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme for the technical solution problem:
The design feature that the present invention is based on differential screwed shovel loader main cone pretightning force measurement mechanism is to have:
One work top is as the prepackage platform of main cone and bearing seat and the test desk of bearing pre-fastening moment;
One sleeve cooperates with the set nut opening, is used to screw set nut;
One female spline matches with the male splines of main cone afterbody, is used to drive the main cone rotation;
Drive path I is an actuator with servomotor I, successively by two-stage planet, a pair of external gear pump I and dynamic torque sensor, links to each other with female spline with the axle of described dynamic torque sensor;
Drive path II is an actuator with servomotor I, and by third-level planetary gear and a pair of external gear pump II, its output gear links to each other with sleeve successively;
One pre-fastening moment measuring mechanism, be included in the through hole of bearing seat, being suspends is provided with the pusher dog that can follow the bearing seat rotation, is provided with the radially locked rotor torque sensor of measuring staff on the relevant position of work top, and described radially measuring staff is in and stops on the position of pusher dog with the bearing seat rotation.
The design feature that the present invention is based on differential screwed shovel loader main cone pretightning force measurement mechanism also is:
On described set nut and end face that sleeve matches, set nut is with the end face convex tendon tabling of its end face groove and sleeve.
The characteristics that the present invention is based on differential screwed shovel loader main cone pretightning force measuring method are to adopt differential screwed mode, described differential screwed be to make main cone and set nut do uniform rotation in the same way by the direction of nut lock, keep the rotating speed of set nut slightly fast, form a speed discrepancy than the rotating speed of main cone; In described differential rotating process, detect the screw-down torque and the starting friction moment of set nut respectively in real time by dynamic torque sensor and static torque sensor, obtain theoretical pretightning force by screw-down torque by calculating, based on the one-to-one relationship of starting friction moment and pretightning force, calculate actual pretightning force by moment of friction; When the two difference of theoretical pretightning force and actual pretightning force in the error range of a permission, then pretightning force is suitable.
The characteristics of measuring method of the present invention also are to adjust the method that screw-down torque and starting friction moment all is in the tolerance:
If the starting friction moment that is recorded by the locked rotor torque sensor at first enters tolerance, and do not reach as yet by the screw-down torque that the dynamic force moment sensor records, then continue to increase screw-down torque, make screw-down torque enter tolerance, at this moment, starting friction moment still can remain on tolerance, and it is qualified then to assemble; If screw-down torque is when entering tolerance, starting friction moment has exceeded tolerance, then assembles defectively, and the height that is judged to be collapsible dist collar is too small;
If the screw-down torque that is recorded by the dynamic force moment sensor at first enters tolerance, and starting friction moment does not enter as yet, then continues to increase screw-down torque, makes starting friction moment enter tolerance, if this moment, screw-down torque did not go out tolerance, it is qualified then to assemble; If starting friction moment is when entering tolerance, screw-down torque has gone out tolerance, then assembles defectively, and the height that is judged to be collapsible dist collar is excessive.
Compared with the prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is embodied in:
1, differential screwed as if not adopting, only tighten set nut, main cone maintains static moving, then under the situation that does not have mechanism's shifting shaft bearing rotation, can't record the starting friction moment of bearing; Only rotate main cone; and not rotation lock nut; then when the moment of friction between bearing reaches certain numerical value; the slow rotation of main cone can drive the bearing seat rotation, and after the measurement pusher dog was run into sounding rod, main cone continued rotation very slowly; after treating the moment of friction arrival acceptance value scope of the bearing that sensor is measured; at this moment the numerical value that records of gained is the static friction torque of bearing, rather than the starting friction moment behind the bearing pre-tightened, and this numerical value is less than starting friction moment.The present invention adopts differential screwed mode to realize the detection of starting friction moment well.
2, the present invention can be to the method that control mode adopts moment+angle of tightening of set nut, the detection that the measurement of screw-down torque adopts real-time close-loop control mode to carry out, the element of measuring adopts the dynamic force moment sensor, makes that the screw-down torque measurement of set nut is comparatively accurate.
3, the present invention adopts closed-loop control, measures in real time for the measurement of the starting friction moment of main cone bearing, adopts little range, high precision locked rotor torque sensor on the element, makes the data of measurement more accurate.
4, the present invention can be compared the pretension of main cone by actual measurement and theory by setting the evaluation criterion of bearing pre-fastening appropriate level, obtains suitable pretightning force.
5, actual test job of the present invention is stable, the testing process work tempo was less than 5 minutes, locking nut screwing moment of torsion 3%, starting friction moment error is less than 1%, the assembling one-time success rate of main cone bearing reaches about 90%, successfully solved technological difficulties of main cone bearing fit on, the assembly quality of main reducing gear and efficient are greatly improved.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a shovel loader main cone assembly synoptic diagram.
Fig. 2 is a main cone pretightning force measurement mechanism structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 3 measures dress drive mechanism synoptic diagram for main cone pretightning force of the present invention.
Number in the figure: 1 main cone, 2 set nuts, 3 head bearings, 4 collapsible dist collars, 5 lower bearings, 6 bearing seats, 7 work tops, 8 sleeves, 9 inner flower-keys, 11 pusher dogs, 12 are measuring staff, 13 locked rotor torque sensors, 14 servomotor I, 15 two-stage planet, 16 a pair of external gear pump I, 17 dynamic torque sensors, 18 servomotor II, 19 third-level planetary gears, 20 installation frames, 21 a pair of external gear pump II radially.
Below by embodiment, the invention will be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, shovel loader main cone pretightning force measurement mechanism has following each ingredient in the present embodiment:
One work top 7 is as the prepackage platform of main cone 1 and bearing seat 6 and the test desk of bearing pre-fastening moment;
One sleeve 8 with set nut 2 threaded engagement, is used to screw set nut 2; Sleeve 8 is set to the version of fast changeable, with the switching of the set nut 8 that adapts to different size.Concrete enforcement is that set nut 2 is with the end face convex tendon tabling of its end face groove and sleeve 8 on set nut 2 and end face that sleeve 8 matches;
One female spline 9 matches with the male splines of main cone 1 afterbody, is used to drive main cone 1 rotation;
Drive path I is an actuator with servomotor I, successively by two-stage planet 15, a pair of external gear pump 16 and dynamic torque sensor 17, links to each other with female spline 9 with the axle of dynamic torque sensor 17;
Concrete employing range is that 0～800Nm, measuring accuracy are 0.5% dynamic force moment sensor 17.
Female spline 9 numbers of teeth only are set to 3～4 teeth, and the facewidth is less, make flank at female spline after the cooperation and male splines that the gap about 0.5mm be arranged, and cooperate easily between the inner flower-key and male splines when the operation guaranteeing; In concrete the enforcement, female spline 9 is set to the fast changeable member, to adapt to multiple multi-form main cone kind.
Drive path II is an actuator with the servomotor, successively by third-level planetary gear 19 and another to external gear pump 21, its output gear links to each other with sleeve 8;
In two drive paths, the transmission of two-stage planet 15, third-level planetary gear 19 and external gear pump is to increase moment for reducing rotating speed.Servomotor I 14 and servomotor II 18 are used to provide power, adopt little inertia motor, and rated power is 3KW, and rotating speed is set to 3000～5000rpm, rated output torque 7.94Nm.
One pre-fastening moment measuring mechanism, be included in the through hole of bearing seat 6, being suspends is provided with the pusher dog 11 that can follow bearing seat 6 rotations, is provided with the radially locked rotor torque sensor 13 of measuring staff on the relevant position of work top 7, and radially measuring staff is in and stops on the position of pusher dog 11 with bearing seat 6 rotations.
The course of work:
1, manually on work top 7, each part shown in Figure 1 is assembled, manual with set nut 2 spinnings on main cone 1, in order to avoid the part landing;
2, with main cone assembly tail down shown in Figure 1, and its afterbody male splines and female spline 9 are aligned, at this moment, set nut 2 does not combine with sleeve 8 as yet;
3, the upper surface of pusher dog 11 at bearing seat 6 is installed;
4, press start button, servomotor I and servomotor II start simultaneously, drive main cone 1 respectively and sleeve 8 low speed rotate in the same way, under the initial state, set nut 2 is to be in the idle motion position on main cone 1, and with main cone 1 one rotation, the end face of set nut 2 skids on sleeve 8.When the groove on the set nut 8 aligned convex tendon on the sleeve 8, whole main cone 1 and bearing seat 6 fell, make sleeve 8 and set nut 2 on end face with concavo-convex chimeric, finish and recognize the cap process;
5, adopt differential screwed mode, make main cone and set nut do uniform rotation in the same way, keep the rotating speed of set nut slightly fast, form a speed discrepancy than the rotating speed of main cone by the direction of nut lock;
6, measure the screw-down torque of set nut 2 in real time with dynamic force moment sensor 17;
Close-loop control mode is adopted in measurement for locking nut screwing moment, through drive path II set nut 2 is applied a moment by servomotor 18, the requirement of at the uniform velocity rotating according to main cone 1, servomotor 14 needs by drive path I, identical with size, the equalising torque main cone 1 that direction is opposite is with the screw-down torque of the real-time output set nut 2 of dynamic force moment sensor 17;
7, when sounding rod 12 was run in 11 rotations of bearing seat 6 drive pusher dogs, starting friction moment was measured in 13 beginnings of high precision locked rotor torque sensor in real time;
8, the starting friction moment when the screw-down torque of set nut 2 and head bearing 3, lower bearing 5 enters in the scope of franchise simultaneously, and this moment, the pretightning force of main cone assembly was exactly more rational value, and it is qualified that the main cone assembly assembles.Specifically can be divided into following four kinds of situations, two kinds of assemblings are qualified, and two kinds are defective:
If the starting friction moment that is recorded by locked rotor torque sensor 13 at first enters tolerance, and do not reach as yet by the screw-down torque that dynamic force moment sensor 17 records, then continue to increase screw-down torque, make screw-down torque enter tolerance, at this moment, starting friction moment still can remain on tolerance, and it is qualified then to assemble; If screw-down torque is when entering tolerance, starting friction moment has exceeded tolerance, then assembles defectively, illustrates that the height of collapsible dist collar 4 is too small.
If the screw-down torque that is recorded by dynamic force moment sensor 17 at first enters tolerance, and starting friction moment does not enter as yet, then continues to increase screw-down torque, makes starting friction moment enter tolerance, if this moment, screw-down torque did not go out tolerance, it is qualified then to assemble; If starting friction moment is when entering tolerance, screw-down torque has gone out tolerance, then assembles defectively, illustrates that the height of collapsible dist collar 4 is excessive.
9, press stop key, by hand pusher dog 11 is taken down, take off bearing seat 6 times, stick and indicate the respective labels that screw-down torque and starting friction moment are arranged from work top.
In the measuring process, when set nut is screwed gradually, collapsible dist collar 4 is compressed, and head bearing 3 and lower bearing 5 are gradually by pretension.Owing to do not rotate between the outer ring of bearing seat 6 and head bearing 3 and lower bearing 5, do not rotate between the inner ring of main cone 1 and head bearing 3 and lower bearing 5 yet, when the moment of friction between the bearing enclose greatly when main cone and inner ring can drive outer ring and bearing seat and rotate, the pusher dog 11 that is installed on the bearing seat promptly is driven to rotate.
When the pusher dog 11 of rotation is run into radially and stopped operating the also stall of bearing seat and bearing outer ring behind the measuring staff 12.Pusher dog 11 makes radially that measuring staff turns over a small angle around the center of static torque sensor 13, and the axle in the locked rotor torque sensor 13 has also just produced and reversed, and records the moment of friction of bearing with this.Because main cone rotates always, make that measure pusher dog 11 touches on measuring staff 12 radially always, therefore, static torque sensor 13 promptly records starting friction moment.
Run into after radially measuring staff begins to measure starting friction moment measuring pusher dog 11; speed discrepancy is reduced; set nut screws on main cone more lentamente; radially the angle that turns over of measuring staff also increases very lentamente, and the moment of friction numerical value that the static torque sensor records fluctuation formula lentamente thereupon rises.
After starting friction moment arrived acceptability limit, the rotating speed of adjusting the rotating speed of set nut and main cone immediately was identical, is equivalent to set nut and stops to screw.But main cone is still with the rotation of original speed, wait about 20s after, observe starting friction moment in the static torque sensor whether still in acceptable ranges.Because the reason of the processing of bearing and assembling, make the discontinuity equalization of roller, the starting friction torque fluctuations that records is bigger.After the rotation main cone makes inner ring change 20s with respect to outer ring low speed, but part eliminate roller unbalance stress can diminish the starting friction torque fluctuations, and starting friction moment numerical value also can diminish, and the starting friction torque ratio that measure this moment is more accurate.If the starting friction moment of this moment makes set nut screw 3 °～5 ° again less than the lower limit of acceptability limit, make the rotating speed of the rotating speed of set nut and main cone identical again, wait about 20s after, whether the numerical value of seeing sensor still in acceptable ranges.
When the starting friction moment of bearing is M
sThe time, suffered moment of torsion is M on the static torque sensor, and relational expression is then arranged:
M
s＝F
1R，M＝F
2(L-R)
In the formula, L is torque sensor center and the main distance that subtracts the centre of gyration;
R subtracts the distance of the centre of gyration to the master for the pole center of measuring pusher dog 11;
F
1With F
2For measuring a pair of acting force and the anti-left and right sides power at pusher dog and sounding rod place, F
1=F
2, direction is opposite.
Have so:
M
s＝MR/(L-R)，
Can obtain the bearing starting friction moment of main reducing gear main cone thus.
Can set the evaluation criterion of bearing pre-fastening appropriate level: the relative displacement of the bearing enclose that is calculated by qualified screw-down torque is theoretical pretension amount, and calculate relative displacement by the starting friction moment of qualified bearing is actual measurement pretension amount, set a permissible error △, when the two the absolute value of difference during, think that the pretightning force of this moment is suitable less than △.
Claims (4)
1, based on differential screwed shovel loader main cone pretightning force measurement mechanism, it is characterized in that having:
One work top (7) is as main cone (1) and the prepackage platform of bearing seat (6) and the test desk of bearing pre-fastening moment;
One sleeve (8) cooperates with set nut (2) opening, is used to screw set nut (2);
One female spline (9) matches with the male splines of main cone (1) afterbody, is used to drive main cone (1) rotation;
Drive path I is an actuator with servomotor I (14), successively by two-stage planet (15), a pair of external gear pump I (16) and dynamic torque sensor (17), with spool linking to each other with female spline (9) of described dynamic torque sensor (17);
Drive path II is an actuator with servomotor I (18), and by third-level planetary gear (19) and a pair of external gear pump II (21), its output gear links to each other with sleeve (8) successively;
One pre-fastening moment measuring mechanism, be included in the through hole of bearing seat (6), being suspends is provided with the pusher dog (11) that can follow bearing seat (6) rotation, be provided with the radially locked rotor torque sensor (13) of measuring staff (12) on the relevant position of work top (7), described radially measuring staff (12) is in and stops on the position of pusher dog (11) with bearing seat (6) rotation.
2, according to claim 1 based on differential screwed shovel loader main cone pretightning force measurement mechanism, it is characterized in that set nut (2) is with the end face convex tendon tabling of its end face groove and sleeve (8) on described set nut (2) and end face that sleeve (8) matches.
3, based on differential screwed shovel loader main cone pretightning force measuring method, it is characterized in that adopting differential screwed mode, described differential screwed be to make main cone and set nut do uniform rotation in the same way by the direction of nut lock, keep the rotating speed of set nut slightly fast, form a speed discrepancy than the rotating speed of main cone; In described differential rotating process, detect the screw-down torque and the starting friction moment of set nut (2) respectively in real time by dynamic torque sensor (17) and static torque sensor (13), obtain theoretical pretightning force by screw-down torque by calculating, based on the one-to-one relationship of starting friction moment and pretightning force, calculate actual pretightning force by moment of friction; When the two difference of theoretical pretightning force and actual pretightning force in the error range of a permission, then pretightning force is suitable.
4, according to claim 1 based on differential screwed shovel loader main cone pretightning force measuring method, it is characterized in that adjusting the method that screw-down torque and starting friction moment all is in the tolerance and be:
If the starting friction moment that is recorded by locked rotor torque sensor (13) at first enters tolerance, and the screw-down torque that is recorded by dynamic force moment sensor (17) does not reach as yet, then continue to increase screw-down torque, make screw-down torque enter tolerance, at this moment, starting friction moment still can remain on tolerance, and it is qualified then to assemble; If screw-down torque is when entering tolerance, starting friction moment has exceeded tolerance, then assembles defectively, and the height that is judged to be collapsible dist collar (4) is too small;
If the screw-down torque that is recorded by dynamic force moment sensor (17) at first enters tolerance, and starting friction moment does not enter as yet, then continues to increase screw-down torque, makes starting friction moment enter tolerance, if this moment, screw-down torque did not go out tolerance, it is qualified then to assemble; If starting friction moment is when entering tolerance, screw-down torque has gone out tolerance, then assembles defectively, and the height that is judged to be collapsible dist collar (4) is excessive.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2008102437525A CN101419106B (en) | 2008-11-25 | 2008-11-25 | Differential screwed loader main cone pretightening force measuring set and method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2008102437525A CN101419106B (en) | 2008-11-25 | 2008-11-25 | Differential screwed loader main cone pretightening force measuring set and method |
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| CN101419106A true CN101419106A (en) | 2009-04-29 |
| CN101419106B CN101419106B (en) | 2010-12-08 |
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| CN113447176A (en) * | 2021-06-17 | 2021-09-28 | 人本股份有限公司 | Double-half outer ring bearing friction torque detection device |
| CN116276011A (en) * | 2023-03-22 | 2023-06-23 | 重庆智能机器人研究院 | Tightening tool torque control method and tightening tool |
| CN116276011B (en) * | 2023-03-22 | 2024-04-23 | 重庆智能机器人研究院 | Tightening tool torque control method and tightening tool |
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| CN101419106B (en) | 2010-12-08 |
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