CN101417338B - Manufacturing process of metal parts capable of performing shape follow-up annealing heat treatment - Google Patents
Manufacturing process of metal parts capable of performing shape follow-up annealing heat treatment Download PDFInfo
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- CN101417338B CN101417338B CN2008102326043A CN200810232604A CN101417338B CN 101417338 B CN101417338 B CN 101417338B CN 2008102326043 A CN2008102326043 A CN 2008102326043A CN 200810232604 A CN200810232604 A CN 200810232604A CN 101417338 B CN101417338 B CN 101417338B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a manufacturing process of metal parts which can carry out conformal annealing heat treatment. The process includes the steps: firstly, according to the concrete structure of the part to be formed, the preliminary design of a supporting and temperature control area is carried out, a CAD model for manufacturing parts rapidly is established, layering and scan path planning are carried out to the CAD model, and protective atmosphere or vacuum preparation is carried out to a forming box to enter a forming process; in the forming process, a substrate, each layer of metal powder and the part are all heated and kept at the preset conformal heat treatment temperature, annealing and distressing are carried out while the part is formed, and the part is naturally cooled after forming. The manufacturing process can reduce the energy and time needed by sintering a forming area selected by the scanning of high-energy beams, achieve the aims of reducing deformation and reducing stress, and improve the precision and quality of part forming.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to metal parts Rapid Manufacturing Technology field, especially relate to a kind of manufacturing process of metal parts capable of performing shape follow-up annealing heat treatment.
Background technology
In recent years, adopt laser or the thermal source fusing of high energy density or sintering metal and ceramic powders such as electron beam, beam-plasma, realize that by the method for successively piling up quick manufacturing (RM) technology of part has obtained development rapidly.This technology for the manufacturing of Aero-Space and automobile, mould manufacturing, the contour performance complex parts of medical implant provide one fast, flexible, personalized solution.
According to powder feeding and cladding accumulation mode difference, making (RM) technology fast can be divided into: coaxial powder-feeding adds numerical control location cladding accumulation and automatic power spreading adds zone selection cladding powder bed two classes.Coaxial powder-feeding adds numerical control location cladding build up process and mainly contains: laser engineeringization is shaped (LENS-LaserEngineered Net Shaping) only, laser forming (Lasform-Laser Forming) direct sunshine length of schooling is made (DLF-Directed Li ght Fabrication), direct metal deposition (DMD-DriectMetal Depositin) etc.Automatic power spreading adds the zone and selects cladding powder bed process to mainly contain: precinct laser sintering (SLS-Selective Laser Sintering) and precinct laser fusion (SLM-Selective Laser Melting) technology.These RM technology are applied in the quick forming process of part, because thermal source moves rapidly, heat, melt, solidify with cooling velocity fast, and part is subjected to thermal unbalance, thermograde height, and tissue and thermal stress are big, cause part moderate finite deformation and cracking easily.Add numerical control location cladding build up process with respect to coaxial powder-feeding, automatic power spreading adds the zone and selects cladding powder bed process, forming process melts, solidifies and cooling velocity relaxes, the part thermograde, tissue and thermal stress have some improvement, but part deformation and cracking problem are still serious, have limited quick manufacturing (RM) broad application.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is at above-mentioned deficiency of the prior art, a kind of manufacturing process of metal parts capable of performing shape follow-up annealing heat treatment is provided, can reduce the selected shaping zone sintering institute of high energy beam current scanning energy requirement in time between, and reach the purpose that reduces to be out of shape, to reduce stress, improve the precision and the quality of part forming.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above; the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of manufacturing process of metal parts capable of performing shape follow-up annealing heat treatment; this technology comprises: at first according to the concrete structure of required formation of parts; support and the Preliminary design in temperature-controlled area territory; set up quick finished parts cad model and it is carried out layering and planning parameters of scanning paths; again the working chamber is carried out entering forming process after protective atmosphere or the vacuum preparation; it is characterized in that: in forming process; substrate; each layer metal dust and part all are heated and remain on default retinue heat treatment temperature; the destressing of annealing when making part forming, cooling naturally behind the part forming.
Described forming process specifically may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, make substrate be warming up to the retinue heat treatment temperature;
Step 2, metal dust filled be taped against in the piston type formation cylinder;
Step 3, the metal dust in the being paved into shape zone is heated, and remain on the retinue heat treatment temperature;
Step 4, read scanning pattern, and control electron beam or laser beam energy, in metal dust surf zone, heat, make metal dust be consolidated into synusia corresponding to part section by computer, and and previous adjacent lamina between be consolidated.
Step 5, above step 2 is repeated to step 4 in the next cross section of part C AD model,, promptly obtain formation of parts until all the aspect completion of processing that need process.
After step 6, part to be formed cool off naturally, remove atmosphere protection, take out formation of parts and remove its surface metal powder.
Step 7, removal part support, and formation of parts is done necessary processing, obtain nearly shape part at last.
The detailed process of step 2 is in the described forming process: the first, according to the predefined lift height of part C AD model, spread the powder platform predefined shop powder thickness height that descends relatively by the piston of computer control piston type formation cylinder; The second, powder feeding device transfers out the predefined metal dust of total amount, control then powder shop pressure device deliver to metal dust in the described piston type moulding cylinder upper space and pave, compacting, the excess metal powder pushes the clout collection box.
The fixed heating process that is divided into twice of the metal dust of step 4 in the described forming process: the first, the metal dust in the shaped region is carried out presintering, fixedly powder; The second, the metal dust in the shaped region is carried out sintering or fusing, making in the shaped region metal dust fixed is a synusia, and and previous adjacent lamina between also take place fixed.
The retinue heat treatment temperature of described substrate, metal dust and part is than the high 0-80 of stress relief annealing temperature ℃ of formed thereby metal material.
By the electric heater that is positioned at the substrate below substrate is heated, and described electric heater is subjected to computer controlled automatic.
By the infrared heater that is positioned at powder platform top, shop metal dust and formation of parts are carried out face scanning heating, and described infrared heater is subjected to computer controlled automatic.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages: use the present invention to carry out annealing in process in the process of part forming, on the one hand to the metal dust heat tracing, can reduce the selected shaping zone sintering institute of high energy beam current scanning energy requirement in time between, help reducing thermograde, guarantee shape stability; On the other hand part is carried out shape follow-up annealing and handle, reach the purpose that reduces to be out of shape, to reduce stress, improve the precision and the quality of part forming.
Below by drawings and Examples the present invention is described in further detail.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a process chart of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Present embodiment adopts the heat treatment of electron beam conformal to make TC4 titanium alloy 3 D stereo part fast, material selection-150～-200 order TC4 titanium alloy powders, and TC4 titanium alloy stress relief annealing heat treatment temperature is 520 ℃.In the present embodiment, the used working chamber's vacuum of finished parts is not higher than 1 * 10 fast
-2Pa, default conformal heat treatment temperature is that predefined holding temperature is more than 520 ℃ near 0-80 ℃, multiselect is 600 ± 5 ℃ with the conformal heat treatment temperature in the practice.In the whole forming process of part, by computer control substrate below electric heater and top, working chamber infrared heater substrate, each layer metal dust, formation of parts are heated, remain at 600 ± 5 ℃ when making part forming, reach the heat treated purpose of conformal.
As shown in Figure 1, at first according to the formation of parts concrete structure, support and the Preliminary design in temperature-controlled area territory, set up quick finished parts cad model, quick finished parts cad model is carried out layering and path planning, according to the outline line information of each layer cross section, generate electron beam presintering and fusing scanning pattern.
Then the working chamber is evacuated to 1 * 10
-2Below the Pa,, and keep this temperature range by computer control by the pre-hot substrate to 600 of substrate below electric heater ± 5 ℃.
According to predefined lift height, spread the powder platform predefined shop powder thickness height that descends relatively by the piston of computer control piston type formation cylinder, powder feeding device transfers out the predefined powder of total amount, control then powder shop pressure device deliver to powder in the described piston type moulding cylinder upper space and pave, compacting, unnecessary powder pushes the clout collection box.
The shop powder is carried out face scanning heating, and temperature-controlled area powder temperature that spread in the territory is measured by temperature measurer, and compares with the predefined temperature of powder, through the control computer control, makes that the powder temperature of spreading remains at 600 ± 5 ℃.
Read scanning pattern, the control beam energy, fixedly the powdered-metal powder consolidation is divided into heating process twice: 1, carry out presintering in the powder surface zone corresponding to part section, fixedly powder; 2, metal dust is carried out sintering, fusing, makes that powder consolidation is a synusia in the shaped region, and and previous adjacent lamina between also take place fixed.Aspect completion of processing by successively superposeing and need processing until all promptly obtains 3 d part.
Wherein, in the whole process that shapes of part, the infrared heater of control computer control substrate below electric heater and powder platform top, shop, heated substrates, surface powder and part, the insulation of annealing is handled to part.
After the annealing insulation formation of parts is cooled off naturally, remove atmosphere protection, take out formation of parts and remove its surface powder and support.
At last, remove part and support, formation of parts is done necessary processing, obtain nearly shape part.
By the enforcement of the heat treated manufacturing process of metal parts of this shape follow-up annealing, forming technology remains to be shaped to be stablized, and residual stress level reduces, formation of parts dimensional accuracy: size: 200 * 200 * 160mm
3, tolerance: ± 0.8mm, density〉99%, residual stress is average ± 150MPa about.
The present invention can also adopt the heat treatment of laser beam shape follow-up annealing to make metal parts fast; the embodiment difference of itself and above-mentioned use electron beam is: before carrying out the metal parts forming process; at first the working chamber is vacuumized; filling with inert gas etc. in the working chamber makes the working chamber be in the protective atmosphere state then again.
The above; it only is preferred embodiment of the present invention; be not that the present invention is imposed any restrictions, every according to the technology of the present invention essence to any simple modification, change and equivalent structure transformation that above embodiment did, all still belong in the protection domain of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. manufacturing process of metal parts capable of performing shape follow-up annealing heat treatment; this technology comprises: at first according to the concrete structure of required formation of parts; support and the Preliminary design in temperature-controlled area territory; set up quick finished parts cad model and it is carried out layering and planning parameters of scanning paths; again the working chamber is carried out entering forming process after protective atmosphere or the vacuum preparation; it is characterized in that: in forming process; substrate; each layer metal dust and part all are heated and remain on default conformal heat treatment temperature; the destressing of annealing when making part forming, cooling naturally behind the part forming.
2. according to the described a kind of manufacturing process of metal parts capable of performing shape follow-up annealing heat treatment of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described forming process specifically may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, make substrate be warming up to the conformal heat treatment temperature;
Step 2, metal dust filled be taped against in the piston type formation cylinder;
Step 3, the metal dust in the being paved into shape zone is heated, and remain on the conformal heat treatment temperature;
Step 4, read scanning pattern, and control electron beam or laser beam energy, in metal dust surf zone, heat, make metal dust be consolidated into synusia corresponding to part section by computer, and and previous adjacent lamina between be consolidated;
Step 5, above step 2 is repeated to step 4 in the next cross section of part C AD model,, promptly obtain formation of parts until all the aspect completion of processing that need process;
After step 6, part to be formed cool off naturally, remove atmosphere protection, take out formation of parts and remove its surface metal powder;
Step 7, removal part support, and formation of parts is done necessary processing, obtain nearly shape part at last.
3. according to the described a kind of manufacturing process of metal parts capable of performing shape follow-up annealing heat treatment of claim 2, it is characterized in that: the detailed process of step 2 is in the described forming process:
The first,, spread the powder platform predefined shop powder thickness height that descends relatively by the piston of computer control piston type formation cylinder according to the predefined lift height of part C AD model;
The second, powder feeding device transfers out the predefined metal dust of total amount, control then powder shop pressure device deliver to metal dust in the described piston type moulding cylinder upper space and pave, compacting, the excess metal powder pushes the clout collection box.
4. according to the described a kind of manufacturing process of metal parts capable of performing shape follow-up annealing heat treatment of claim 2, it is characterized in that: the fixed heating process that is divided into twice of the metal dust of step 4 in the described forming process:
The first, the metal dust in the shaped region is carried out presintering, fixedly powder;
The second, the metal dust in the shaped region is carried out sintering or fusing, making in the shaped region metal dust fixed is a synusia, and and previous adjacent lamina between also take place fixed.
5. according to claim 1,2,3 or 4 described a kind of manufacturing process of metal parts capable of performing shape follow-up annealing heat treatment, it is characterized in that: the conformal heat treatment temperature of described substrate, metal dust and part is than the high 0-80 of stress relief annealing temperature ℃ of formed thereby metal material.
6. according to claim 1,2,3 or 4 described a kind of manufacturing process of metal parts capable of performing shape follow-up annealing heat treatment, it is characterized in that: by the electric heater that is positioned at the substrate below substrate is heated, and described electric heater is subjected to computer controlled automatic.
7. according to claim 1,2,3 or 4 described a kind of manufacturing process of metal parts capable of performing shape follow-up annealing heat treatment, it is characterized in that: by the infrared heater that is positioned at powder platform top, shop metal dust and formation of parts are carried out face scanning heating, and described infrared heater is subjected to computer controlled automatic.
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| TWI441589B (en) * | 2011-01-07 | 2014-06-11 | Taiwan Green Point Entpr Co | A composite structure and its manufacturing method |
| CN102489705B (en) * | 2011-11-30 | 2013-12-11 | 西北有色金属研究院 | Method for producing metal hollow balls |
| CN103568324B (en) * | 2013-10-11 | 2017-10-20 | 宁波远志立方能源科技有限公司 | A kind of 3D printing method |
| CN104972677A (en) * | 2014-04-14 | 2015-10-14 | 宁波华翔汽车零部件研发有限公司 | Automobile part carbon fiber composite material 3D printing process |
| CN104338931B (en) * | 2014-10-09 | 2015-06-17 | 湖南华曙高科技有限责任公司 | Method and device for preparing functionally graded structural component |
| CN106702372B (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2019-04-16 | 首都航天机械公司 | A kind of selective laser fusing manufacturing process of the asymmetric shield of titanium alloy |
| JP6825148B1 (en) * | 2020-06-02 | 2021-02-03 | 株式会社ソディック | Laminated modeling equipment |
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Address after: Room 303-46, building a, Kairui, Fengcheng 12th Road, Xi'an Economic and Technological Development Zone, Shaanxi 710018 Patentee after: Xi'an Sailong Additive Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 710,200 Middle section of Jinggao West Road, Jingwei New City New Material Industrial Park, Xi'an Economic and Technological Development Zone, Shaanxi Province Patentee before: XI'AN SAILONG METAL MATERIALS Co.,Ltd. |