CN101413625B - Hydrogen storing machine and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Hydrogen storing machine and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101413625B CN101413625B CN2008101622162A CN200810162216A CN101413625B CN 101413625 B CN101413625 B CN 101413625B CN 2008101622162 A CN2008101622162 A CN 2008101622162A CN 200810162216 A CN200810162216 A CN 200810162216A CN 101413625 B CN101413625 B CN 101413625B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02P90/45—Hydrogen technologies in production processes
Abstract
The invention relates to a hydrogen storage device and a preparation method thereof; wherein, the hydrogen storage device comprises a shell with one end having a central hole; the shell is internally provided with alternatively superposed hydrogen storage material sheets and metal dividing sheets which adsorb no hydrogen; the hydrogen storage material sheet consists of a spumescent metal substrate which adsorbs no hydrogen and is filled with hydrogen storage material powder; the hydrogen storage material sheet and the metal dividing sheet which absorbs no hydrogen have central holes which are internally provided with filter guide pipes; the filter guide pipe is connected with the central hole at one end of the shell by a filter sheet which is embedded in the shell; the central hole of the shell is fixed with a joint pipe which is provided with a valve. The hydrogen storage device can effectively prevents the flowing, gathering and accumulating of the hydrogen-storage material, effectively improves the heat transmission performance of the hydrogen storage material powder, thus having the advantages of high-efficiency running, safety and reliability and being suitable for the production of hydrogen-storage devices applied to various sites, especially for the production of hydrogen storage devices using high-activity hydrogen storage materials.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of hydrogen storage machine and manufacture method thereof, belong to storage, conveying and the compression technique area of hydrogen.
Background technique
Hydrogen is a kind of desirable clean fuel and following important secondary energy.The hydrogen storage of practical application at present and the mode of conveying mainly contain three kinds: i.e. high-pressure bottle storage hydrogen, liquid hydrogen tank storage hydrogen and the solid-state storage hydrogen of hydrogen storage material hydrogen storage machine.Outstanding advantage with the solid-state storage of hydrogen storage material hydrogen storage machine, conveying hydrogen is that Security is good, and unit weight storage hydrogen density is far above high-pressure bottle and liquid hydrogen tank.
The container of hydrogen storage materials such as metal hydride, complex hydrides or amino-compound being put into a band valve just can constitute a hydrogen storage machine.There is thermal effect in hydrogen storage material in the container in the process of inhaling, putting hydrogen, the thermal effect value is different different because of hydrogen storage material, is generally 20～180 kj/mol.Keep hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen storage machine suction, put carrying out smoothly of hydrogen, just must import heat or from hydrogen storage machine derivation heat to hydrogen storage machine.The metal hydride hydrogen storage material can produce volumetric expansion when suction hydrogen changes hydride into, specific volumetric dilatation is generally 10～25%, and efflorescence is micron-sized fine powder gradually; And amino-compound hydrogen storage materials such as complex hydrides hydrogen storage material such as sodium alanate, aluminium lithium hydride, lithium borohydride and lithium amide, amino magnesium are put in suction and are formed powder in the hydrogen process easily from agglomeration, and its activity is very high, can not contact steam, oxygen and air.
Problem is: on the one hand, because the thermal conductivity very poor (suitable) of hydrogen storage material powder itself with the thermal conductivity of glass, sandstone, can not be in time in hydrogen storage machine input heat or from the hydrogen storage machine quantity of heat given up, make that the hydrogen storage material temperature rise sharply raises when sucking hydrogen, the hydrogen storage material temperature significantly descends again during releasing hydrogen gas, causes speed for hydrogen absorbing and releasing slowly even stop; On the other hand, the good fluidity of hydrogen storage material fine powder, put in the hydrogen operating process in suction, because of can flowing, the reasons such as driving that are subjected to hydrogen flow form local excessive accumulation in hydrogen storage machine, cause container deformation or destruction, complex hydrides and amino-compound hydrogen storage material are put in suction and are also formed powder in the hydrogen process easily from agglomeration simultaneously, and suction hydrogen discharge reaction speed is slowed down.Therefore, effectively improve the temperature conductivity of powder in the hydrogen storage machine and prevent the flowing of powder, reunion and local excessive accumulation, need just to have become the key issue of solution.
Document " M.Ron and M.Elemelach.Heat transfer characteristics of porousmetallic matrix metal-hydrides.Proceeding of International Symposium onHydrides for Energy Storage, Pergamon, Oxford, 1978, pp.417-430. " and document " M.Ron, D.Gruen, M.Mendelsohn and I.Sheft.Preparation and properties of porousmetal hydride compacts.Journal of the Less-Common Metals, Vol.74,1980, pp.445-448. " reported a kind of hydrogen-storage alloy powder briquetting sintering technology.Promptly adopt the metallic dust do not inhale hydrogen, as aluminium powder, copper powder, nickel powder and hydrogen-storage alloy powder mixed sintering method, because sinter can not provide material suction hydrogen-expansion required space, the failure of an experiment as a result.Made afterwards that hydrogen storing alloy was carried out several to tens of suctions in advance into and put the hydrogen operation, under suction hydrogen state, fed SO then
2, alloy is poisoned to keep the volumetric expansion state, carry out the technology of briquetting sintering again.Though this method briquetting is put the hydrogen circulation and not cracked through inhaling for 1000 times, the preparation process complexity, and also hydrogen storing alloy can make the storage hydrogen capacity reduce more than 15% through poisoning and sintering.
Invented another kind of sintering method in the document " Qi-dong Wang, Jing Wu and Hui Gao.Vacuum sintered porous metalHydride Compacts.Z.f ü er Phys.Chem., Vol.164,1989, pp.1367-1372. ".Be about to hydrogen storing alloy and aluminium powder and pore creating material and constitute mixture, and be pressed into bulk; After most of pore creating material was removed in 60～80 ℃ of bakings, sintering was finalized the design under vacuum again.This briquetting is inhaled through 1000 circulations and is put hydrogen and not chipping.Omitted repeatedly to inhale in advance and put hydrogen circulation and " poisoning " operation, and the operation simplification, cost reduces, but the storage hydrogen capacity still reduces about 15%.
Document " H.Ishikawa, K.Oguro, A.Kato, H.Suzuki and E.Ishii.Preparation andproperties of hydrogen storage alloy-copper microcapsules.Journal of theLess-Common Metals, Vol.107,1985, pp.105-110. " in a kind of preparation method of copper facing-briquetting is provided.Hydrogen-storage alloy powder is put into copper plating solution copper facing after sensitization is handled; Hydrogen-storage alloy powder behind the plating heats in vacuum or argon gas and discharges hydrogen (in the copper facing process alloyed powder absorb hydrogen); Under 100～1000MPa pressure, be pressed into bulk then.Before the copper facing, hydrogen-storage alloy powder must carry out suction more than 10 times in advance puts the hydrogen circulation, to guarantee alloy pulverization fully and particle size stable, avoids the alloyed powder after the copper facing to destroy coating because of inhaling hydrogen-expansion.Obviously, this scheme has increased the suction more than 10 times and has put hydrogen operation and copper facing operation, and cost obviously improves, and the copper layer of plating can not inhale hydrogen, stores hydrogen capacity and has also descended more than 10%.
Document " J.J.Reilly and J.R.Johnson.The kinetics of the absorption of hydrogenby LaNi
5H
x-n-undecane suspensions.Journal of the Less-Common Metals, Vol.104,1985, pp.175-190. " and document " J.J.Reilly, J.R.Johnson and T.Gamo.Theeffect of methane on the rate of hydrogen absorption by LaNi
5H
xIn liquidsuspension.Journal of the Less-Common Metals, Vol.131,1987, pp.41-49. " in proposed to adopt chemical solvent and hydrogen storing alloy particle to form the method for suspension by U.S. Brookhaven National Laboratory: in the container of splendid attire hydrogen storing alloy, inject n-undecane, normal octane or silicone oil and so on organic solvent.Hydrogen storing alloy can carry out the reversible hydrogen adsorption and desorption reaction in the same old way in this class organic solvent, temperature conductivity improves, container can not expand bad yet, but owing to added the organic solvent of not inhaling hydrogen in a large number, the unit weight of hydrogen storage machine and the storage hydrogen density of per unit volume is all reduced significantly.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, it is good to the objective of the invention is to propose a kind of temperature conductivity, can effectively prevent simultaneously flowing, reunite and piling up of hydrogen storage material powder, can not damage inhaling repeatedly to put in the hydrogen process, can keep the hydrogen storage machine and the manufacture method thereof of higher suction hydrogen desorption kinetics performance again.
Hydrogen storage machine of the present invention comprises housing, one end of housing has center hole, alternately repeatedly put the metal shim of storing hydrogen material sheet and not inhaling hydrogen in the housing, storage hydrogen material sheet one is made of filling hydrogen storage material powder in the foamed metal substrate of not inhaling hydrogen, storage hydrogen material sheet and the metal shim of not inhaling hydrogen have center hole, be provided with the filtration air pipe in the center hole, filter the filter sheet of air pipe in being embedded in housing and be connected, be fixed with the adapter of band valve on the center hole of housing with the center hole of housing one end.
Among the present invention, the said foamed metal substrate of not inhaling hydrogen can be a kind of in foamed aluminium substrate, foamed nickel substrate, foam copper substrate, foam aluminium alloy substrate, foamed nickel alloy substrate and the foam copper alloy substrate, perhaps comprises wherein two kinds or three kinds.The porosity ratio of not inhaling the foamed metal substrate of hydrogen is 80～92%, and thickness is 2～15 millimeters.
Among the present invention, the said metal shim of not inhaling hydrogen can be a kind of in nickel sheet, copper sheet, aluminium flake, nickel alloy sheet, alcu alloy film, aluminum alloy sheet and the stainless steel sheets, perhaps comprises wherein two or more.The thickness of not inhaling the metal shim of hydrogen is 0.5～5 millimeter.
Among the present invention, said hydrogen storage material can be selected a kind of in rare earth based hydrogen storage alloy, ti-based hydrogen-storing alloy, zirconium series hydrogen storage alloy, vanadium series hydrogen storage alloy, magnesium series hydrogen storage alloy, calcium series hydrogen storage alloy, sodium alanate, aluminium lithium hydride, lithium borohydride, lithium amide and the amino magnesium amino-compound or several for use.
The manufacture method of hydrogen storage machine of the present invention, its step is as follows:
A first prefabricated end opening, the other end has the housing of center hole, and on housing, be positioned at central hole and embed filter sheet, and in the adapter of center hole fixing belt valve.The axle position that air pipe places housing will be filtered, then under inert gas shielding, the hydrogen storage material powder is inserted constituted storage hydrogen material sheet in the hole of the foamed metal substrate of not inhaling hydrogen, the metal shim that to store hydrogen material sheet again and not inhale hydrogen alternately places in the housing, until being full of whole housing; Opening end at housing is tightly connected with airtight end socket at last.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1) the circular cylindrical shell intracoelomic cavity of hydrogen storage machine is separated into several minizones by not inhaling the hydrogen metal spacing block, be filled with in each interval by hydrogen storage material with do not inhale the storage hydrogen material sheet that hydrogen foamed metal substrate is formed, the hydrogen storage material powder is dispersed in the hole of foamed metal substrate, thereby can effectively prevent the flowing of hydrogen storage material powder, reunion and local accumulation, for leaving, the suction hydrogen-expansion of hydrogen storage material makes a concession space, distortion, the destruction that can effectively prevent hydrogen storage machine again; The middle axle position of hydrogen storage machine housing is provided with the center and filters air pipe simultaneously, can make things convenient for the turnover of hydrogen.
2) in the hydrogen storage machine do not inhale hydrogen foamed metal substrate have good heat conductivity (as the heat conductivity of Al, Ni, Cu be respectively 222,92,394J (msk)
-1), and the heat conductivity of hydrogen-storage alloy powder than the end (as LaNi
5The heat conductivity of hydrogen-storage alloy powder and TiFe hydrogen-storage alloy powder only is 1.32 and 1.49J (msk)
-1), the former thermal conductivity ratio latter heat conductivity is big 60～300 times, thereby can improve the temperature conductivity of hydrogen storage material powder and whole storage hydrogen material sheet effectively.
3) hydrogen storage material in this hydrogen storage machine needn't carry out copper facing, briquetting, poisoning, sintering in advance, pretreatment or processing such as hydrogen circulation are put in suction repeatedly, so its method is more superior, and has efficient, the safe and reliable characteristics of operation.
Hydrogen storage machine of the present invention has safety, characteristics of high efficiency, both be applicable to fixed storage hydrogen application, also be applicable to portable or portable storage and the occasion of carrying hydrogen, as the fuel tank of hydrogen fuel cell, combustion hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicle etc., be particularly useful for using the hydrogen storage machine production of high activity hydrogen storage material.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural principle schematic representation of hydrogen storage machine of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic cross-section of foamed metal substrate.
Embodiment
Further specify the present invention below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
With reference to Fig. 1, hydrogen storage machine of the present invention comprises housing 1, one end of housing has center hole, alternately repeatedly put the metal shim 4 of storing hydrogen material sheet 3 and not inhaling hydrogen in the housing, storage hydrogen material sheet 3 is made of filling hydrogen storage material powder in the foamed metal substrate of not inhaling hydrogen, storage hydrogen material sheet 3 and the metal shim 4 of not inhaling hydrogen have center hole, be provided with in the center hole and filter air pipe 2, filter the filter sheet 6 of air pipe 2 in being embedded in housing and be connected, be fixed with the adapter 7 of band valve 8 on the center hole of housing with the center hole of housing one end.
The foamed metal substrate has latticed skeleton (see figure 2), and porosity ratio is 80～92%, and thickness is 2～15 millimeters.
The housing 1 of described hydrogen storage machine can be selected stainless steel or aluminum alloy material for use.
Embodiment 1:
The hydrogen foamed metal substrate of not inhaling in this example storage hydrogen material sheet adopts foamed nickel substrate, and its porosity ratio is 92%, and thickness is 50 millimeters, and external diameter is 80 millimeters, 10 millimeters of center hole diameters; The metal shim of not inhaling hydrogen adopts the nickel sheet, and its thickness is 3 millimeters, and external diameter is 80 millimeters, 10 millimeters of center hole diameters; Hydrogen storage material is the amorphous magnesium base hydrogen-storing alloy Mg of ball milling preparation
2The Ni powder, particle diameter is less than 0.15 millimeter.The internal diameter of the cylindrical Stainless Steel Shell of hydrogen storage machine is 80 millimeters, the one end opening, and the other end has center hole, and on housing, be positioned at central hole and embed filter sheet, and at the interface of center hole fixing belt valve.With external diameter is the axle position that 10 millimeters filtration air pipe places cylindrical Stainless Steel Shell, under inert gas shielding, with amorphous state Mg
2The Ni powder is inserted earlier and is constituted storage hydrogen material sheet in the hole of the foamed metal substrate of not inhaling hydrogen, a slice of packing into then nickel spacer, and so the continuation metal shim that will store hydrogen material sheet and not inhale hydrogen alternately places in the housing, until being full of whole housing; Adopt screw thread closely to be connected sealing with the housing opening place airtight end socket then.
Hydrogen storage machine is evacuated to 100Pa, and heat temperature raising to 300 ℃ is held degree of vacuum in the hydrogen storage machine in the continuation of insurance of intensification heating process relaying; Under 4.0MPa air pressure, import purity then and be 99.99% hydrogen, at this moment Mg
2Ni begins to inhale the hydrogen activation, and activation was finished when suction hydrogen was saturated.Measured result: the material bed weight storage hydrogen density of storage hydrogen is 3.02%, and heat conductivity is 11.5J (msk)
-1Under 300 ℃, inhale hydrogen and 0.1MPa air pressure is put hydrogen by 4.0MPa pressure, inhale repeatedly put hydrogen cycling 1000 times after, any dilatancy or damage do not appear in the hydrogen storage machine tank body.
Embodiment 2:
The hydrogen foamed metal substrate of not inhaling in this example storage hydrogen material sheet adopts the foam copper substrate, and its porosity ratio is 86%, and thickness is 15 millimeters, and external diameter is 50 millimeters, 5 millimeters of center hole diameters; The metal spacing block of not inhaling hydrogen adopts copper sheet, and its thickness is 0.5 millimeter, and external diameter is 50 millimeters, 5 millimeters of center hole diameters; Hydrogen storage material be ball milling preparation be mixed with 2mol.% TiF
3NaAlH
4Powder, particle diameter is less than 0.1 millimeter.The internal diameter of the cylindrical Stainless Steel Shell of hydrogen storage machine is 50 millimeters, the one end opening, and the other end has center hole, and on housing, be positioned at central hole and embed filter sheet, and at the interface of center hole fixing belt valve.With external diameter is the axle position that 5 millimeters filtration air pipe places cylindrical Stainless Steel Shell, under inert gas shielding, the ball milling preparation is mixed with 2mol.% TiF
3NaAlH
4Powder (particle diameter is less than 0.1 millimeter) is inserted earlier and is constituted storage hydrogen material sheet in the hole of the foamed metal substrate of not inhaling hydrogen, and a slice of packing into then nickel spacer so reinstalls 9 groups times storage hydrogen material sheets and do not inhale the metal shim of hydrogen; Adopt screw thread closely to be connected sealing with the housing opening place airtight end socket then.
Hydrogen storage machine is evacuated to 50Pa, and heat temperature raising to 150 ℃ is held degree of vacuum in the hydrogen storage machine in the continuation of insurance of intensification heating process relaying; Under 10MPa air pressure, import purity then and be 99.99% hydrogen, at this moment NaAlH
4Begin to inhale the hydrogen activation, activation was finished when suction hydrogen was saturated.Measured result: the material bed weight storage hydrogen density of storage hydrogen is 3.38%, and heat conductivity is 20.4J (msk)
-1Under 130 ℃, inhale hydrogen and 0.1MPa air pressure is put hydrogen by 10MPa pressure, inhale repeatedly put hydrogen cycling 200 times after, this hydrogen storage machine is excellent.
Embodiment 3:
The hydrogen foamed metal substrate of not inhaling in this example storage hydrogen material sheet adopts the foamed aluminium substrate, and its porosity ratio is 80%, and thickness is 30 millimeters, and external diameter is 63 millimeters, 8 millimeters of center hole diameters; The metal spacing block of not inhaling hydrogen adopts aluminum alloy sheet, and its thickness is 5 millimeters, and external diameter is 63 millimeters, 8 millimeters of center hole diameters; Hydrogen storage material is the NaAlH that is mixed with 4mol.% Ti of ball milling preparation
4Powder, particle diameter is less than 0.1 millimeter.The internal diameter of the cylindrical Stainless Steel Shell of hydrogen storage machine is 63 millimeters, the one end opening, and the other end has center hole, and on housing, be positioned at central hole and embed filter sheet, and at the interface of center hole fixing belt valve.With external diameter is the axle position that 8 millimeters filtration air pipe places cylindrical Stainless Steel Shell, under inert gas shielding, with the NaAlH that is mixed with 4mol.% Ti of ball milling preparation
4Powder (particle diameter is less than 0.1 millimeter) is inserted earlier and is constituted storage hydrogen material sheet in the hole of the foamed metal substrate of not inhaling hydrogen, and a slice of packing into then nickel spacer so reinstalls 5 groups times storage hydrogen material sheets and do not inhale the metal shim of hydrogen; Adopt screw thread closely to be connected sealing with the housing opening place airtight end socket then.
Hydrogen storage machine is evacuated to 50Pa, and heat temperature raising to 150 ℃ is held degree of vacuum in the hydrogen storage machine in the continuation of insurance of intensification heating process relaying; Under 10MPa air pressure, import purity then and be 99.99% hydrogen, at this moment store the hydrogen material and begin to inhale the hydrogen activation, inhale hydrogen when saturated activation finish.Measured result: the material bed weight storage hydrogen density of storage hydrogen is 3.23%, and heat conductivity is 16.1 J (msk)
-1Under 150 ℃, inhale hydrogen and 0.1MPa air pressure is put hydrogen by 10MPa pressure, inhale repeatedly put hydrogen cycling 200 times after, this hydrogen storage machine is excellent.
Claims (7)
1. hydrogen storage machine, it is characterized in that: comprise housing (1), one end of housing has center hole, alternately repeatedly put the metal shim (4) of storing hydrogen material sheet (3) and not inhaling hydrogen in the housing, storage hydrogen material sheet (3) constitutes by filling the hydrogen storage material powder in the foamed metal substrate of not inhaling hydrogen, storage hydrogen material sheet (3) and the metal shim (4) of not inhaling hydrogen have center hole, be provided with in the center hole and filter air pipe (2), filter the filter sheet (6) of air pipe (2) in being embedded in housing and be connected, be fixed with the adapter (7) of band valve (8) on the center hole of housing with the center hole of housing one end.
2. hydrogen storage machine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the said foamed metal substrate of not inhaling hydrogen is a kind of in foamed aluminium substrate, foamed nickel substrate, foam copper substrate, foam aluminium alloy substrate, foamed nickel alloy substrate and the foam copper alloy substrate, perhaps comprises wherein two kinds or three kinds.
3. hydrogen storage machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the porosity ratio of not inhaling the foamed metal substrate of hydrogen is 80～92%, and thickness is 2～15 millimeters.
4. hydrogen storage machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the metal shim of not inhaling hydrogen is a kind of in nickel sheet, copper sheet, aluminium flake, nickel alloy sheet, alcu alloy film, aluminum alloy sheet and the stainless steel sheets, perhaps comprises wherein two or more.
5. hydrogen storage machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the thickness of not inhaling the metal shim of hydrogen is 0.5～5 millimeter.
6. hydrogen storage machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said hydrogen storage material is selected a kind of in rare earth based hydrogen storage alloy, ti-based hydrogen-storing alloy, zirconium series hydrogen storage alloy, vanadium series hydrogen storage alloy, magnesium series hydrogen storage alloy, calcium series hydrogen storage alloy, sodium alanate, aluminium lithium hydride, lithium borohydride, lithium amide and the amino magnesium or several for use.
7. the manufacture method of hydrogen storage machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that step is as follows:
The prefabricated end opening of elder generation, the other end has the housing of center hole, on housing, be positioned at central hole and embed filter sheet, and in the adapter of center hole fixing belt valve, to filter the axle position that air pipe places housing, and then under inert gas shielding, the hydrogen storage material powder be inserted in the hole of the foamed metal substrate of not inhaling hydrogen and constituted storage hydrogen material sheet, the metal shim that to store hydrogen material sheet again and not inhale hydrogen alternately places in the housing, until being full of whole housing; Opening end at housing is tightly connected with airtight end socket at last.
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