CN116357886B - Foam metal hydrogen storage bottle for heat pipe heat exchange and heat transfer method - Google Patents
Foam metal hydrogen storage bottle for heat pipe heat exchange and heat transfer method Download PDFInfo
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- CN116357886B CN116357886B CN202310365375.7A CN202310365375A CN116357886B CN 116357886 B CN116357886 B CN 116357886B CN 202310365375 A CN202310365375 A CN 202310365375A CN 116357886 B CN116357886 B CN 116357886B
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- foam metal
- heat
- hydrogen storage
- heat pipe
- hydrogen
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 199
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 199
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 182
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 154
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 154
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 147
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 150000004681 metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011257 shell material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000000621 bronchi Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006262 metallic foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C11/00—Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels
- F17C11/005—Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels for hydrogen
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
- F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
- F28D15/04—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
- F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
- F17C2227/0369—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
Abstract
A heat pipe heat exchange foam metal hydrogen storage bottle and a heat transfer method belong to the technical field of hydrogen storage devices. The hydrogen storage bottle is charged with hydrogen from the bottleneck valve of the hydrogen storage bottle, the metal hydride in the inner cavity of the hydrogen storage bottle releases a large amount of heat, foam metal is attached to the bottle body of the hydrogen storage bottle to transfer the heat out of the hydrogen storage bottle, one end of the heat pipe in the inner cavity of the hydrogen storage bottle is an evaporation end, after the heat pipe absorbs the heat, the inner cavity working medium of the heat pipe changes phase, the inner cavity working medium flows to the condensation end of the heat pipe outside the hydrogen storage bottle to emit the heat at the condensation end, the steam becomes liquid, the steam flows to the evaporation end under the action of the capillary of the inner cavity liquid suction core of the heat pipe, so the hydrogen is discharged from the bottleneck valve of the hydrogen storage bottle in a circulating mode, the foam metal uniformly transfers the external heat to the metal hydride through the surface of the hydrogen storage bottle and the heat pipe, the metal hydride needs to absorb the heat, and the positions of the heat pipe are interchanged at the evaporation end and the condensation end.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a heat pipe heat exchange foam metal hydrogen storage bottle and a heat transfer method, and belongs to the technical field of hydrogen storage devices.
Background
Hydrogen fuel cells are increasingly receiving attention from scientists worldwide by virtue of their advantages of zero pollution, high energy utilization, quick start-up, etc. Hydrogen storage is also becoming a research hotspot as a key link for hydrogen fuel cells. Compared with liquid and high-pressure hydrogen storage, the solid hydrogen storage mode with metal hydride as hydrogen storage material has the advantages of large volume storage density, miniaturization, flexibility, convenience and the like, and is applied to special fields of vehicles such as electric automobiles, heavy trucks and the like, aerospace and the like.
The hydrogen storage tank of the metal hydride stores hydrogen elements in the tank body in the form of metal compounds, the hydrogen storage density is high, the internal pressure in the hydrogen storage tank is low, the metal hydride releases hydrogen when discharging, and hydrogen storage metal reacts with the hydrogen to generate the metal hydride when not discharging. This discharge and charging process is accompanied by a large number of exothermic and endothermic reactions, and the hydrogen storage tank temperature affects to some extent the rate of hydrogen absorption and desorption. In order to maintain the metal hydride at a temperature required for a high hydrogen release rate during the hydrogen release process, application No. 202110294850.7 discloses a metal hydrogen storage bottle having a heating tube installed therein and a gas supply device, which maintains an efficient reaction of the metal hydride by adding the heating tube at the bottom of the hydrogen storage bottle by electric heating. Meanwhile, in order to meet the requirement of rapid heat exchange during hydrogen absorption and desorption, a hydrogen storage bottle of application number 202110937421.7 discloses a method for enhancing the heat exchange by sintering copper powder into a porous air tube and connecting a bronchus with the bottle body.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a heat pipe heat exchange foam metal hydrogen storage bottle and a heat transfer method.
The utility model provides a heat pipe heat transfer foam metal hydrogen storage bottle, bottle top is equipped with the bottleneck valve, the bottle inner chamber is equipped with metal hydride, the bottle bottom passes through screw thread body coupling with the bottom, the inner chamber center of bottle is located to main foam metal air duct, the one end and the top bottleneck valve of main foam metal air duct are connected, the bottom is connected to the other end of main foam metal air duct, the one end and the main foam metal air duct of foam metal pipe are connected, the foam metal pipe is the axial evenly and central symmetry respectively with main foam metal air duct connection, the other end and the bottle inner wall closely laminating of foam metal pipe, main foam metal air duct is at the cylindrical hole up from the bottom, the bottom center has the protrusion pipe, the protrusion pipe shape is the cylinder of inner chamber hollow structure, protrusion pipe and the cylindrical hole zonulae occludens of main foam metal air duct inner chamber, the inner chamber of protrusion pipe inserts the heat pipe.
The number of foam metal pipes is more than 2, one end of each foam metal pipe is connected with the main foam metal air duct to form an integral structure, part of heat pipes are positioned outside the bottle body, the foam metal pipes are in straight lines in the bottle, the connection angle between each foam metal pipe and the main foam metal air duct is 30-60 degrees, the directions of the foam metal pipes are downward, a layer of filter screen is wrapped on the peripheries of the main foam metal air duct and the foam metal pipe frameworks, the filter screen is made of stainless steel, the diameter of the mesh is smaller than 5 mu m, and the shape of a heat pipe shell is cylindrical or flat; the material of the tube shell is copper, aluminum and stainless steel; the liquid absorbing core comprises a single-layer net core, a multi-layer net core, a sintered powder liquid absorbing core and an axial channel liquid absorbing core; the material of the liquid suction core comprises copper, aluminum and stainless steel, and the thickness of the liquid suction core is 0.1-0.5cm; the inner cavity working medium comprises: water, acetone, ammonia, freon, alcohol and other organic matters; the liquid filling rate is 20-50%, and the pressure of the inner cavity is 0.001-0.1 MPa.
A heat pipe heat exchange foam metal hydrogen storage and heat transfer method comprises the following steps: the inner cavity of the hydrogen storage bottle is provided with metal hydride and foam metal, when hydrogen is filled, the hydrogen storage bottle is filled with hydrogen from the bottleneck valve of the hydrogen storage bottle, a large amount of heat is released from the metal hydride in the inner cavity of the hydrogen storage bottle, the foam metal is attached to the bottle body of the hydrogen storage bottle to transfer heat out of the hydrogen storage bottle, one end of the heat pipe in the inner cavity of the hydrogen storage bottle is an evaporation end, after the heat pipe absorbs heat, the inner cavity working medium of the heat pipe changes phase, the inner cavity working medium flows to the condensation end of the heat pipe outside the hydrogen storage bottle, the heat is emitted at the condensation end, the steam becomes liquid, flows to the evaporation end under the action of the capillary of the inner cavity liquid absorbing core of the heat pipe, the hydrogen is discharged from the bottleneck valve of the hydrogen storage bottle in a circulating mode, the foam metal uniformly transfers external heat to the metal through the surface of the hydrogen storage bottle and the heat pipe, the metal hydride needs to absorb heat, the positions of the evaporation end and the condensation end of the heat pipe are exchanged, and the foam metal uniformly transfers the external heat to the metal hydride through the surface of the hydrogen storage bottle and the heat pipe during hydrogen discharge.
The heat pipe heat exchange foam metal hydrogen storage bottle provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the main foam metal air duct 41 is integrated with a plurality of foam metals during processing, has higher strength and hardness, and can effectively support the hydrogen storage materials to prevent the hydrogen storage materials from piling up; meanwhile, the internal porous structure can be used as a hydrogen flow channel during hydrogen storage and hydrogen release, so that hydrogen can be more uniformly distributed around the hydrogen storage material, and the hydrogen absorption and release of the hydrogen storage material are more complete.
2. The foam metal has better heat conduction performance, so that the internal temperature distribution of the hydrogen storage material is more uniform; the heat pipe is used as a phase-change heat exchange element and is tightly attached to the metal foam air pipe, so that the heat pipe has good heat transfer performance, and meanwhile, a plurality of foam metals are attached to the bottle body, so that when the hydrogen storage bottle stores hydrogen, heat can be efficiently transferred out, the hydrogen storage rate is accelerated, and the hydrogen charging time is saved; when hydrogen is discharged, the foam metal can uniformly transfer external heat to the metal hydride through the surface of the hydrogen storage bottle and the heat pipe, so that the hydrogen discharge is more complete and efficient, the response time of the hydrogen in the system is shortened, and the operation efficiency of the whole system is greatly optimized.
3. The hydrogen storage bottle body and the bottom cover are separately processed and connected through bolts; meanwhile, foam metal and heat pipes are produced in mass in the market, so that the manufacturing difficulty of the bottle is greatly reduced, and the large-scale production can be realized.
Compared with the hydrogen storage bottle provided by the application numbers 202210753280.8 and 202110294850.7, in order to maintain the high-efficiency reaction of the metal hydride of the hydrogen storage bottle, the electric heating pipe is added into the opening at the bottom of the hydrogen storage bottle, and the heat required by the hydrogen release of the metal hydride is met through electric heating. Moreover, the heat pipe can also dissipate heat generated by metal hydride reaction in the hydrogen storage bottle during hydrogenation, so that the hydrogenation rate is greatly increased. Besides inserting the heat exchange equipment, compared with the two applications, the heat pipe is inserted into the main metal foam, the foam metal has better heat conduction performance, so that the temperature distribution in the hydrogen storage material is more uniform, and meanwhile, a plurality of foam metals are attached to the bottle body, so that the heat can be efficiently transferred out when the hydrogen storage bottle stores hydrogen, the hydrogen storage rate is accelerated, and the hydrogen charging time is saved; when hydrogen is discharged, the foam metal can uniformly transfer external heat to the metal hydride through the surface of the hydrogen storage bottle and the heat pipe, so that the hydrogen discharge is more complete and efficient, the response time of the hydrogen in the system is shortened, and the operation efficiency of the whole system is greatly optimized. Meanwhile, the main foam metal air duct 41 and a plurality of foam metals are integrated during processing, so that the strength and the hardness are high, and the hydrogen storage material can be effectively supported and prevented from being accumulated; meanwhile, the internal porous structure can be used as a hydrogen flow channel during hydrogen storage and hydrogen release, so that hydrogen can be more uniformly distributed around the hydrogen storage material, and the hydrogen absorption and release of the hydrogen storage material are more complete.
The hydrogen storage bottle provided by application number 202110937421.7 discloses a porous air tube sintered by copper powder, and a bronchus is connected with the bottle body to enhance the purpose of heat exchange. Compared with the method, the foam metal tube is used for replacing the copper powder to sinter the porous tube, so that the strength and hardness are higher, the preparation process is simpler, and more structures can be prepared; the invention is mainly characterized in that a heat pipe is added as a high-efficiency heat exchange element, so that more efficient heat exchange can be provided, and the hydrogen storage bottle provided by application number 202110937421.7 can exchange heat with the outside only through heat exchange on the surface of the hydrogen storage bottle.
The invention has the advantages that a great amount of heat is required to be released when the metal hydride absorbs hydrogen, and a great amount of heat is required to be absorbed when the metal hydride absorbs hydrogen, so that the heat is rapidly dissipated when the metal hydride absorbs hydrogen, the heat is rapidly transferred to the metal hydride when the metal hydride absorbs hydrogen, the hydrogen absorption and release rate of the hydrogen storage tank is greatly improved, and the hydrogen required by a system can be responded more rapidly. The invention enhances the reaction heat exchange efficiency of the metal hydride in the hydrogen storage bottle, ensures that the temperature in the hydrogen storage bottle is uniform, and improves the safety; the reaction rate of hydrogen absorption and desorption is improved. The invention can make the concentration of hydrogen in the bottle uniform during hydrogen absorption and hydrogen release, and enhance the exchange during the reaction of metal hydride, thereby greatly improving the hydrogen absorption and release rate of the hydrogen storage tank.
Drawings
The invention, together with a further understanding of the many of its attendant advantages, will be best understood by reference to the following detailed description, when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and the accompanying drawings, illustrate and describe the invention and do not constitute a limitation to the invention, and wherein:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a heat pipe according to the present invention.
The marks in the figure: bottle body 1, bottleneck valve 2, bottom cover 31, protruding pipe 32, main foam metal air duct 41, foam metal pipe 42, heat pipe 5, tube shell 51, wick 52, working medium 53.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples.
It will be apparent that many modifications and variations are possible within the scope of the invention, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art based upon the teachings herein.
Unless specifically stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured" and the like are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all terms used herein, including technical and scientific terms, have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art unless defined otherwise.
In order to facilitate understanding of the embodiments, further explanation will be provided in connection with the following, and the respective embodiments do not constitute limitation of the embodiments.
Example 1: as shown in fig. 1 and 2, a heat pipe heat exchange foam metal hydrogen storage bottle is provided, the heat pipe is utilized to enhance the heat exchange, and the foam metal of the foam metal pipe enhances the hydrogen flowing inside the hydrogen storage bottle.
A heat pipe heat exchange foam metal hydrogen storage bottle comprises a bottle body 1, a bottle mouth valve 2, a bottom cover 31, a convex circular tube 32, a main foam metal air duct 41, a foam metal pipe 42 and a heat pipe 5. The bottle body 1 is provided with a bottle mouth valve 2 at the top, the inner cavity of the bottle body 1 is provided with metal hydride for storing hydrogen, the bottom of the bottle body 1 is connected with a bottom cover 31 through a screw thread body, and the bottle body 1 and the bottom cover 31 are made of aluminum; the main foam metal air duct 41 is arranged in the center of the inner cavity of the bottle body 1, one end of the main foam metal air duct 41 is clung to the top bottle mouth valve 2, the other end of the main foam metal air duct 41 is clung to the bottom cover 31, the number of the foam metal pipes 42 is more than 2, one end of the foam metal pipes 42 is connected with the main foam metal air duct 41 and is connected into an integral structure, the foam metal pipes 42 are uniformly distributed on the main foam metal air duct 41 in the axial direction and are centrosymmetrically distributed on the main foam metal air duct 41, and the other end of the foam metal pipes 42 is closely clung to the inner wall of the bottle body 1; the main foam metal air duct 41 is provided with a cylindrical hole upwards from the bottom, the center of the bottom cover 31 is provided with a convex circular tube 32, the convex circular tube 32 is a cylinder with a hollow inner cavity structure, the convex circular tube 32 is tightly attached to the hole of the inner cavity of the main foam metal air duct 41, the inner cavity of the convex circular tube 32 is inserted into the heat pipe 5, and part of the heat pipe 5 is positioned outside the bottle body 1.
The heat pipe 5 used in the invention is an integrated heat pipe, the evaporation end and the condensation end can be automatically changed according to the internal heat temperature, the heat pipe 5 is positioned at the external part of the bottle body 1, when hydrogen is filled, metal hydride reacts with hydrogen to release heat, the internal temperature of the bottle body 1 is higher, the heat of the metal hydride is transferred into the heat pipe 5, the internal part of the liquid suction core 52 is subjected to phase change, steam flows to the part of the heat pipe 5 outside the bottle body 1, at the moment, the external heat pipe 5 is the condensation end, the steam dissipates heat at the condensation end, the steam turns into liquid, and flows to the evaporation end under the action of the capillary tube of the liquid suction core 52 in the inner cavity, and the cycle is repeated in this way without external acting parts.
The external condensation end can be naturally wind cooled, or can be added with a fan or fins to increase the contact area, and the heat pipe 5 only plays a role in transferring high-efficiency heat transfer.
The heat pipe 5 is used as a phase change heat exchange element and consists of a pipe shell 51, a liquid suction core 52 and an inner cavity working medium 53. The inner cavity of the tube shell 51 of the heat pipe 5 is connected with a liquid suction core 52, and the liquid suction core 52 contains an inner cavity working medium 53.
When hydrogen is charged, the bottle neck valve 2 is charged, a great amount of heat is released from metal hydride in the inner cavity of the bottle body 1 of the hydrogen storage bottle, one end of the heat pipe 5 in the hydrogen storage bottle is used as a evaporating end (at the top of the heat pipe 5 in fig. 2), the inner cavity working medium 53 changes phase after absorbing the heat, the inner cavity working medium 53 flows to a condensing end (the heat pipe 5 positioned outside the bottle body 1) outside the hydrogen storage bottle, the heat is emitted at the condensing end, the steam becomes liquid, and flows to the evaporating end under the action of the capillary of the inner cavity liquid suction core 52, and the cycle is repeated in such a way, and no external acting part is needed.
When discharging hydrogen, discharging hydrogen from the bottleneck valve 2, and the metal hydride needs to absorb heat, so that the positions of the evaporation end and the condensation end of the heat pipe 5 are exchanged.
When discharging hydrogen, the foam metal can uniformly transfer external heat to the metal hydride through the surface of the hydrogen storage bottle and the heat pipe 5. The heat here may be from waste heat generated in the system in which the metal hydrogen storage bottle is used, such as a fuel cell.
It should be noted that, the vacuum degrees of the heat pipe 5 and the inner cavity working medium 53 are adjustable, and the boiling point of the heat pipe 5 can be increased or decreased according to the optimal reaction temperature corresponding to the metal hydride material, so that the overall heat exchange efficiency of the heat pipe 5 is higher as the temperature difference is larger.
The bottle mouth valve 2 plays a role of opening and closing. The bottleneck valve 2 isolates the internal space of the internal hydrogen storage bottle from the outside, so that the internal part of the hydrogen storage bottle is not influenced by the outside environment, the existing bottleneck valve can meet the requirements of the hydrogen storage bottle, such as a TV-240-310 bottleneck valve, and the integrated temperature and pressure release valve can detect the temperature of hydrogen in the bottle.
Example 2: as shown in fig. 1 and 2, a heat pipe heat exchange foam metal hydrogen storage bottle has the structure as in embodiment 1, the main foam metal air duct 41 is cylindrical, the length is consistent with that of the hydrogen storage bottle from top to bottom, and the diameter is 1/20-1/5 of that of the hydrogen storage bottle; the main foam metal air duct 41 is provided with a cylindrical hole upwards from the bottom, the diameter of the cylindrical hole is 1/3-2/3 of the diameter of the main foam metal air duct 41, and the length of the cylindrical hole is 1-3cm smaller than that of the main foam metal air duct 41; the aperture of the main foam metal air duct 41 is 0.1mm-1mm.
The center of the bottom cover 31 is provided with a convex circular tube which is in a cylinder shape, the convex circular tube is tightly attached to the hollow inside the main foam metal air duct 41, the inner cavity of the convex circular tube is in a hollow structure, the convex circular tube is inserted into the heat pipe 5, and the thickness of the convex circular tube is 0.5-2mm.
The number of the foam metal pipes 42 arranged in the bottle is 4-30, and the foam metal pipes 42 are uniformly distributed on the main foam metal air duct 41 in the axial direction and in the central symmetry; the foam metal pipe 42 is a straight pipe in the bottle, the connecting angle between the straight pipe and the main foam metal air duct 41 is 30-60 degrees, and the direction is downward; the foam metal tube 42 has a pore size of 0.05-0.5mm.
The main foam metal air duct 41 and the foam metal pipes 42 wrap a layer of filter screen around the skeleton of the main foam metal air duct 41 and the foam metal pipes 42; the filter screen is stainless steel, and the mesh diameter is less than 5um.
The metal of the main foam metal air duct 41 and the foam metal pipes 42 include: aluminum, copper, nickel, stainless steel, and other alloys.
The heat pipe 5 is cylindrical, the shell material of the heat pipe 5 is copper, and the tube core of the heat pipe 5 is a multilayer copper net core and sintered copper metal powder; the working medium 53 in the inner cavity of the heat pipe 5 comprises: water, acetone or alcohol, and the pressure of the inner cavity is 0.001MPa-0.1MPa.
Example 3: as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the heat pipe heat exchange foam metal hydrogen storage bottle comprises a bottle body 1 of the hydrogen storage bottle, a bottle mouth valve 2, a bottom cover 31, a convex circular tube 32, a main foam metal air duct 41, a foam metal pipe 42 and a heat pipe 5. The bottle body 1 is provided with a bottle mouth valve 2 at the top, the inner cavity of the bottle body 1 is provided with metal hydride for storing hydrogen, the bottom of the bottle body 1 is connected with a bottom cover 31 through a screw thread body, and the bottle body 1 and the bottom cover 31 are made of aluminum; the main foam metal air duct 41 is arranged in the center of the bottle body, one end of the main foam metal air duct is clung to the top bottle mouth valve 2, the other end of the main foam metal air duct is clung to the bottom cover 31, one end of the foam metal pipes 42 is integrated with the main foam metal 41, the other end of the foam metal pipes is clung to the inner wall of the bottle body 1, and the foam metal pipes are uniformly distributed on the main foam metal air duct 41 in the axial direction and in the central symmetry; the main foam metal air duct 41 is provided with a cylindrical hole upwards from the bottom, the center of the bottom cover 31 is provided with a convex circular tube 32, the shape of the main foam metal air duct is a cylinder, the main foam metal air duct 41 is closely attached to the hole of the inner cavity of the main foam metal air duct 41, the inner cavity is of a hollow structure, and the heat pipe 5 is inserted.
The foam metal of the main foam metal air duct 41 and the foam metal pipe 42 is of a porous structure, the pore diameters of the inner cavities are larger, the foam metal pipe 42 uniformly extends to the inner cavity space of the hydrogen storage bottle, meanwhile, the foam metal pipe 42 is in a straight line in the bottle, the connection angle between the foam metal pipe 41 and the main foam metal air duct is 30-60 degrees, the direction is downward, a flow converging channel is provided for hydrogen during hydrogen filling and discharging, the flow resistance of the hydrogen is reduced, the hydrogen can flow more quickly, the hydrogen can be distributed around the hydrogen storage material more uniformly, and the hydrogen absorption and discharging of the hydrogen storage material is ensured to be more complete; meanwhile, the main foam metal air duct 41 and the foam metal pipes 42 are integrated during processing, so that the strength and the hardness are high, and the hydrogen storage material can be effectively supported and prevented from being accumulated; the foam metal is prepared from metal, and the selected foam metal is aluminum, copper, nickel, stainless steel and other alloys, so that the heat conduction performance is good, the heat transfer and heat exchange efficiency of the inner cavity of the hydrogen storage tank is greatly enhanced, and the temperature distribution of the inner cavity of the hydrogen storage material is more uniform.
The metal hydride of the hydrogen storage material is hydrogen storage alloy, which is LaNi 5, tiFe, tiMn 2, mg 2 Ni base alloy and the like, and the hydrogen storage material can be in powder form or in a package form (namely, the hydrogen storage alloy is packaged to form a package form).
The heat pipe 5 is used as a phase change heat exchange element and is tightly attached to the main foam metal air pipe 41, so that the heat pipe has good heat transfer performance, and meanwhile, the foam metal pipes 42 are attached to the bottle body 1, so that when the hydrogen storage bottle stores hydrogen, heat can be efficiently transferred, the hydrogen storage rate is accelerated, and the hydrogen charging time is saved; when hydrogen is discharged, the foam metal can uniformly transfer external heat to the metal hydride through the surface of the hydrogen storage bottle and the heat pipe, so that the hydrogen discharge is more complete and efficient, the response time of the hydrogen in the system is shortened, and the operation efficiency of the whole system is greatly optimized.
The heat pipe 5 is used as a phase change heat exchange element and consists of a pipe shell 51, a liquid suction core 52 and an inner cavity working medium 53. When hydrogen is charged, the metal hydride releases a large amount of heat, one end of the heat pipe 5 in the hydrogen storage bottle is used as a vaporization end, the inner cavity working medium 53 changes phase after absorbing the heat and flows to a condensation end outside the hydrogen storage bottle, the heat is dissipated at the condensation end, the steam becomes liquid, and the liquid flows to the vaporization end under the action of the capillary tube of the inner cavity liquid suction core 52, so that the heat pipe is cycled and reciprocated without an external acting part. When discharging hydrogen, the metal hydride needs to absorb heat, so that the positions of the evaporation end and the condensation end of the heat pipe 5 are interchanged. It should be noted that, the working medium 53 in the inner cavity of the heat pipe 5 and the vacuum degree are both adjustable, and the metal hydride material with the boiling point increased or decreased can be selected according to the optimal reaction temperature corresponding to the metal hydride material, and the overall heat exchange efficiency of the heat pipe 5 is higher as the temperature difference is larger.
The shape of the heat pipe shell 51 can be changed according to the channel of the main foam metal air duct 41, and can be cylindrical and flat; the material of the tube shell 51, the type of the liquid suction core 52 and the working medium 53 in the inner cavity can be matched and selected according to the budget and the heat transfer performance requirements, wherein the material of the tube shell 51 comprises copper, aluminum and stainless steel; the types of wick 52 include single layer, multi-layer mesh wick, sintered powder wick, axial channel wick; the material of the liquid suction core 52 comprises copper, aluminum and stainless steel, and the thickness of the liquid suction core is 0.1-0.5cm; the lumen working medium 53 includes: water, acetone, ammonia, freon, alcohol and other organic matters, the liquid filling rate is 20-50%, and the inner cavity pressure is 0.001-0.1 MPa.
In order to prevent the hydrogen storage material metal hydride from flowing out of the bottle when hydrogen flows, a layer of filter screen is wrapped on the periphery of the foam metal framework, the filter screen is made of stainless steel, and the diameter of the mesh is smaller than 5 mu m. The bottleneck valve of the hydrogen storage bottle has the functions of filtering, pressure relief and blocking.
As described above, the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and effect of the present invention. Accordingly, such modifications are also entirely within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A heat pipe heat exchange foam metal hydrogen storage bottle is characterized in that a bottle mouth valve is arranged at the top of a bottle body, metal hydride is arranged in an inner cavity of the bottle body, the bottom of the bottle body is connected with a bottom cover through a threaded body, a main foam metal air duct is arranged at the center of the inner cavity of the bottle body, one end of the main foam metal air duct is connected with a bottle mouth valve at the top, the other end of the main foam metal air duct is connected with the bottom cover, one end of the foam metal duct is connected with the main foam metal air duct, the foam metal duct is axially uniform and centrally symmetrical and is respectively connected with the main foam metal air duct, the other end of the foam metal duct is tightly attached to the inner wall of the bottle body, the main foam metal air duct is provided with a cylindrical hole from the bottom to the top, the center of the bottom cover is provided with a protruding circular tube, the protruding circular tube is in the shape of a cylinder with a hollow inner cavity, the protruding circular tube is tightly connected with the cylindrical hole of the inner cavity of the main foam metal air duct, and the protruding inner cavity is inserted into a heat pipe; the shape of the heat pipe shell is cylindrical or flat; the material of the tube shell is copper, aluminum and stainless steel; the liquid absorbing core comprises a single-layer net core, a multi-layer net core, a sintered powder liquid absorbing core and an axial channel liquid absorbing core; the material of the liquid suction core comprises copper, aluminum and stainless steel, and the thickness of the liquid suction core is 0.1-0.5cm; the inner cavity working medium comprises: water, acetone, ammonia, freon, alcohol and other organic matters, the liquid filling rate is 20% -50%, the inner cavity pressure is between 0.001MPa and 0.1MPa, the foam metal pipe is in a straight line in the bottle, the connection angle between the foam metal pipe and the main foam metal air duct is 30-60 degrees, and the direction is downward;
one end of the foam metal pipe is connected with the main foam metal air duct into an integrated structure, and the foam metal pipe and the main foam metal air duct jointly support the hydrogen storage material; meanwhile, the porous structure in the foam metal is used as a hydrogen flow channel for hydrogen storage and hydrogen release; the foam metal is used as a heat conduction element to exchange heat with a heat pipe used as a phase change heat exchange element by utilizing the heat conduction property of the foam metal, so that the hydrogen storage material emits heat when absorbing hydrogen and absorbs heat when releasing hydrogen;
the number of the foam metal pipes is more than 2;
part of the heat pipe is positioned outside the bottle body.
2. The heat pipe heat exchange foam metal hydrogen storage bottle according to claim 1, wherein the main foam metal air duct and the foam metal pipe frameworks are wrapped with a layer of filter screen, the filter screen is made of stainless steel, and the diameter of the mesh is smaller than 5um.
3. A heat pipe heat exchange foam metal hydrogen storage and heat transfer method adopting the heat pipe heat exchange foam metal hydrogen storage bottle as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the inner cavity of the hydrogen storage bottle is provided with metal hydride and foam metal, when hydrogen is filled, the hydrogen storage bottle is filled with hydrogen from the bottleneck valve of the hydrogen storage bottle, a large amount of heat is released from the metal hydride in the inner cavity of the hydrogen storage bottle, the foam metal is attached to the bottle body of the hydrogen storage bottle to transfer heat out of the hydrogen storage bottle, one end of the heat pipe in the inner cavity of the hydrogen storage bottle is an evaporation end, after the heat pipe absorbs heat, the inner cavity working medium of the heat pipe changes phase, the inner cavity working medium flows to the condensation end of the heat pipe outside the hydrogen storage bottle, the heat is emitted at the condensation end, the steam becomes liquid, flows to the evaporation end under the action of the capillary of the inner cavity liquid absorbing core of the heat pipe, the hydrogen is discharged from the bottleneck valve of the hydrogen storage bottle in a circulating mode, the foam metal uniformly transfers external heat to the metal through the surface of the hydrogen storage bottle and the heat pipe, the metal hydride needs to absorb heat, the positions of the evaporation end and the condensation end of the heat pipe are exchanged, and the foam metal uniformly transfers the external heat to the metal hydride through the surface of the hydrogen storage bottle and the heat pipe during hydrogen discharge.
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| CN116951301A (en) * | 2023-09-05 | 2023-10-27 | 北京永氢储能科技有限责任公司 | Metal hydride hydrogen storage bottle and efficient heat exchange low pressure difference method |
| CN117267611A (en) * | 2023-09-27 | 2023-12-22 | 广东佳邑新能源科技有限公司 | Efficient and uniform reaction metal hydride hydrogen storage bottle and use method thereof |
| CN117080482A (en) * | 2023-10-11 | 2023-11-17 | 北京永氢储能科技有限责任公司 | Fuel cell system utilizing heat pipe to dissipate heat and heat dissipation method |
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