CN101409121A - Neodymium iron boron permanent magnet for motor and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Neodymium iron boron permanent magnet for motor and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101409121A CN101409121A CNA2008100208659A CN200810020865A CN101409121A CN 101409121 A CN101409121 A CN 101409121A CN A2008100208659 A CNA2008100208659 A CN A2008100208659A CN 200810020865 A CN200810020865 A CN 200810020865A CN 101409121 A CN101409121 A CN 101409121A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an NdFeB permanent magnet used for NdFe motors and a manufacture method thereof. The magnet comprises the following components by weight: 24-28 percent of PrNd, 0.5-7 percent of Gd, 1-5 percent of Ho, 0-6 percent of Dy, 0.9-1.1 percent of B, 0.1-0.15 percent of Cu, 0.2-1.2 percent of Al, 62.35-66.5 percent of Fe, 0.2-1.5 percent of Co and 0.2-0.8 percent of Nb. The magnet is manufactured through the procedures of mixing, melting, milling, forming, sintering and grinding processing. Through the use of cheap gadolinium and holmium instead of expensive praseodymium, neodymium, dysprosium and terbium for the production of high-performance NdFeB permanent magnet, the invention can greatly reduce production cost and the product has high magnetic property and strong market competitiveness.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Nd-Fe-Bo permanent magnet material and manufacture method thereof, especially relate to neodymium iron boron permanent magnet for motor and manufacture method thereof.This product can adopt the field extensive use of high-performance rare-earth permanent-magnetic motor at information industry, electromechanical integration, automobile, motorcycle, metallurgical and mining equipment, blower fan, water pump, oil field equipment, textile machine, household electrical appliance etc.
Background technology
Neodymium iron boron is the present the strongest permanent magnetic material of magnetic in the world, good reputation by " magnetic king ", over Nd-Fe-Bo permanent magnet material comes out surplus in the of 20 year, magnetic property height, volume are little, in light weight because it has, applied range, abundant raw materials, price be than series of advantages such as other rare-earth permanent magnetic materials are cheap, thereby worldwide obtain very fast development, be widely used in all trades and professions such as electronics, communication, motor, automobile, medical treatment, household electrical appliance, magnetic separation.
Said as document " mensuration of micro-Ga and Nb in the neodymium iron boron " (modern surveying and the laboratory room managing second phase in 2007), " exploitation and the application of high performance sintered Nd-Fe-B magnet key manufacture " (metallurgical third phase in 2006 of Hunan) and " high speed development of China's sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet " (Shanghai non-ferrous metal fourth phase in 2006), neodymium iron boron is as third generation rare earth permanent-magnetic material, all obtained growing continuously and fast in research and production and application facet in recent years, China's output has accounted for the major part of world's total value.Along with improving constantly of its performance, some new application have appearred in recent years.The development time in year surplus the sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic material 20, the crucial production equipment of choose reasonable, improve key technology, realize the industrial production of high energy product, high-coercive force or high comprehensive magnetic property product, stability of enhancing product performance and consistency, improve the corrosion resistance and the thermal stability of product, reduce cost of goods manufactured simultaneously, be the striving direction of domestic and international Sintered NdFeB magnet industry always.Sintered Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic material is to be basic raw material with praseodymium neodymium (32%), iron (64%), boron (1%) etc., adds elements such as dysprosium, terbium, cobalt, niobium, gallium, aluminium on a small quantity, a kind of iron-base permanent magnetic material that applied powder metallurgy technology is made.
As everyone knows, motor is to be that media carries out the electric machinery that electric energy and mechanical energy are changed mutually with magnetic field.Magnetic field can be produced by current excitation, also can be produced by permanent magnet.But general permanent magnet, because magnetic energy density is low, thereby the necessary air-gap field intensity of the power conversion of being set up is also lower, thus can only make the little magneto of some capacity, as present mass-produced ferrite permanent-magnet motor.After high-performance rare-earth permanent magnet material, particularly Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic came out, great change had taken place in situation.The magnetic field that high-performance neodymium-iron-boron magnet produces not only can reach the magnetic field intensity that current excitation produces, but also considerably beyond current excitation, thereby can produce the large and middle size motor of thousands of kW.
The high-performance rare-earth permanent-magnetic motor is the basis of many new technologies, high-tech industry.It combines with power electronic technology and microelectronics control technology, can produce the electromechanical integrated product of various excellent performances, as Digit Control Machine Tool, and machining center, flexible production line, robot, electric motor car, high-performance household electrical appliance, computer or the like.
The most significant performance characteristics of rare-earth permanent-magnet electric machine is lightness, high performance, energy-efficient.Adopt rare-earth permanent magnet can obviously alleviate motor weight, reduced volume.
Certain temperature coefficient requirement is satisfied in the general requirement of the Nd-Fe-B rare earth permanent magnetic material that motor is used, and for satisfying the temperature rise environment of machine operation, the NdFeB material that needs has higher coercive force, and the material that present most enterprises require is more than the SH.Use raw material such as praseodymium, neodymium and dysprosium, terbium to produce the Nd-Fe-Bo permanent magnet material that motor is used in the prior art mostly, in order to reach the above performance of SH, traditional manufacture method is to add heavy rare earth such as dysprosium, terbium etc. in material.But praseodymium, neodymium and dysprosium, terbium are along with the increase spurt in prices, particularly dysprosium of the market demand, the very expensive increase that causes Nd-Fe-Bo permanent magnet material manufacturer cost of price of terbium.Being added on the coercive force while of having improved material of these heavy rare earth increased the cost of material greatly, is difficult to satisfy requirement of client economically.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly the problems referred to above that exist at prior art, and the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet for motor that provides a kind of magnetic property height, production cost to reduce is significantly produced high performance Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic physical efficiency by the praseodymium, neodymium, dysprosium, the terbium that use cheap gadolinium, holmium to replace high price and is reduced production costs greatly.
Another object of the present invention provides the manufacture method of above-mentioned neodymium iron boron permanent magnet for motor, to guarantee producing motor with high performance Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet product under the situation of existing equipment, promotes Enterprises'Competitiveness.
For achieving the above object, neodymium iron boron permanent magnet for motor of the present invention is realized by the following technical solutions.
The component of neodymium iron boron permanent magnet for motor of the present invention comprises praseodymium neodymium, gadolinium, holmium, dysprosium, boron, copper, aluminium, iron, and each component content (weight) scope is:
Praseodymium neodymium (PrNd) 24%-28%;
Gadolinium (Gd) 0.5%-7%;
Holmium (Ho) 1%-5%;
Dysprosium (Dy) 0-6%;
Boron (B) 0.9%-1.1%;
Copper (Cu) 0.1%-0.15%;
Aluminium (Al) 0.2%-1.2%;
Iron (Fe) 62.35%-66.5%.
Also can comprise cobalt (Co), niobium (Nb) in the component of described neodymium iron boron permanent magnet for motor, cobalt (Co), niobium (Nb) content (accounting for total weight) scope are:
Cobalt (Co) 0.2%-1.5%, niobium (Nb) 0.2%-0.8%.
The purpose that adds cobalt (Co), niobium (Nb) is in order further to improve the magnetic property of product.
The suitable content of described gadolinium (Gd) is 1%-3%, and the suitable content of described holmium (Ho) also is 1%-3%.The addition of gadolinium (Gd), holmium (Ho) is too small, then is difficult to reach the purpose that reduces product cost, and addition is excessive, then influences the magnetic property of product.
The present invention also provides the manufacture method of neodymium iron boron permanent magnet for motor, and it is to be undertaken by following technology, step:
1) burden process: prepare burden according to following component content (weight) praseodymium neodymium (PrNd) 24%-28%, gadolinium (Gd) 0.5%-7%, holmium (Ho) 1%-5%, dysprosium (Dy) 0-6%, boron (B) 0.9%-1.1%, copper (Cu) 0.1%-0.15%, aluminium (Al) 0.2%-1.2%, iron (Fe) 62.35%-66.5%;
Also can comprise cobalt (Co) 0.2%-1.5% in the batching, niobium (Nb) 0.2%-1%.
2) melting operation: batching is put into the smelting furnace melting, and vacuum degree control is 5 * 10
-2Pa ± 10%;
3) powder process operation: the steel ingot through homogenizing is made the neodymium iron boron powder that granularity is 3.6um-4.2um by coarse crushing, middle fragmentation, airflow milling, notices in this process that the control oxygen content is below 50ppm.
4) molding procedure: good powder is pressed into briquet to take by weighing calculating in the title powder case of assembly room, and unpacking is waited for into the sintering furnace sintering through the laggard commentaries on classics truck of isostatic pressing machine.To pay special attention in the molding procedure process to control oxygen content below 200ppm.
5) sintering circuit: the briquet that suppresses is gone into the sintering furnace sintering through changeing truck, and sintering schedule is 1080 ℃ ± 20 ℃)/(3.5-4.5h)+920 ℃ ± 20 ℃/(2.5-3.5h)+(530 ℃ ± 30 ℃)/(3.5-4.5h), vacuum degree control is 3 * 10
-2Pa ± 10%.
6) mill manufacturing procedure: the blank mill that sintering is come out is processed into regular product.
For further improving the coercive force of NdFeB material, before the airflow milling of powder process operation, also can add the rare-earth oxidation dysprosium of 0.2%-1.0% again, be used to improve the coercive force of material.
All reach the performance standard of the identical trade mark of the same trade through the product performance index of above-mentioned production stage production.
The present invention adopts has following good effect after the above technical scheme:
(1) the present invention adopts and uses cheap gadolinium, holmium to replace rare earth metals such as praseodymium at high price, neodymium, dysprosium, terbium, and in pulverizing process, add an amount of dysprosia, by the technology controlling and process on producing, reduce production costs, can produce the Nd-Fe-Bo permanent magnet material that adapts to different motor requirements, reach and adapt to market, reduce cost the effect that enhances the competitiveness.
(2) from the principle, replace praseodymium and neodymium, replace dysprosium and terbium with holmium with gadolinium, corresponding generation gadolinium iron boron and holmium iron boron are mutually, cenotype to be created on the remanent magnetism influence bigger, but by suitable increase iron, aluminium, niobium equal size and carry out suitable substitute proportion, can remedy the deficiency of this respect.Because gadolinium, holmium is compared with praseodymium neodymium, dysprosium that bigger price advantage is arranged, therefore can reduce production costs greatly, as for properties of product,, just can surpass or original performance of maintenance product as long as determine good suitable substitute proportion and process conditions.
(3) in pulverizing process, add dysprosium with dysprosia form of powder secondary, has the coercitive effect of the magnet of raising equally with adding metal dysprosium in batching, consider the loss such as rare earth metal oxidation, volatilization of fusion process, this stage adds dysprosia and more has superiority than the former to improving coercive force, and convenient and simple for operation.
(4) not advanced for present manufacturing enterprise self production equipment, can adopt this production Technology, the Nd-Fe-Bo permanent magnet material of production and compare without gadolinium, holmium obtains the material 8000-10000 unit that saves per ton of same performance.
Embodiment
For further describing the present invention, neodymium iron boron permanent magnet for motor of the present invention and manufacture method thereof are further described below in conjunction with embodiment.
According to table 1 preparation neodymium iron boron permanent magnet for motor 100kg.
Embodiment 1:
1) burden process: preparation 100kg/ stove
2) melting operation: adopt the medium frequency induction melting furnace of single face cooling ingot mould, the batching of 100kg is put into the stove melting according to a certain order with the height of fusing point, note the yield of steel ingot, vacuum degree control is 5 * 10
-2Pa.
Smelting temperature mainly is to make all metal moltens, because the rare earth fusing point that adds is not high, so maximum temperature depends on the temperature of refractory alloy, generally is pure iron and ferro-niobium, and temperature is 1600-1700 degree centigrade.
Table 1 neodymium iron boron permanent magnet for motor component and weight (kg)
3) powder process operation: the steel ingot of process homogenizing is by coarse crushing, middle fragmentation, and airflow milling is made the neodymium iron boron powder that granularity is 3.6um-4.2um, notices in this process that the control oxygen content is below 50ppm.
4) molding procedure: good powder is pressed into briquet to take by weighing calculating in the title powder case of assembly room, waits for into the sintering furnace sintering through the laggard commentaries on classics truck of the isostatic pressing machine unpacking of 200Mpa.To pay special attention in the molding procedure process to control oxygen content below 200ppm.
5) sintering circuit: the briquet that suppresses is gone into the sintering furnace sintering through changeing truck, and sintering schedule is 1100 ℃/4h+920 ℃/3h+530 ℃/4h, and vacuum degree control is 3 * 10
-2Pa.
6) mill manufacturing procedure: the blank mill that sintering is come out is processed into regular product.
All reach the performance standard of identical trade mark N38SH of the same trade through the product performance index of above-mentioned production stage production.The specific performance of this N38SH material: Br=12.28KGs, Hcj=20.30Koe, (BH) m=37.80MGO, ρ ≈ 7.550g/cm
3
Embodiment 2: add 0.4% dysprosia before the airflow milling of powder process operation, sintering schedule is 1090 ℃/4h+920 ℃/3h+560 ℃/3.5h, and other is identical with embodiment 1.The specific performance of the N35SH material of producing: Br=12.13KGs, Hcj=21.00Koe, (BH) m=35.60MGO, ρ ≈ 7.550g/cm
3
Embodiment 3: add 0.2% dysprosia before the airflow milling of powder process operation, sintering schedule is 1090 ℃/4h+940 ℃/2.5h+560 ℃/4h, and other is identical with embodiment 1.The specific performance of the N33SH material of producing: Br=11.81KGs, Hcj=20.20Koe, (BH) m=33.200MGO, ρ ≈ 7.550g/cm
3
Embodiment 4: sintering schedule is 1090 ℃/4h+900 ℃/3.5h+530 ℃/4h, and other is identical with embodiment 1.The specific performance of the N30H material of producing: Br=11.30KGs, Hcj=17.65Koe, (BH) m=30.730MGO, ρ ≈ 7.50g/cm
3
Embodiment 5: add 1.0% dysprosia before the airflow milling of powder process operation, sintering schedule is 1100 ℃/4h+920 ℃/3h+530 ℃/4h, and other is identical with embodiment 1.The specific performance of the N33UH material of producing: Br=11.88KGs, Hcj=26.83Koe, (BH) m=32.870MGO, ρ ≈ 7.60g/cm
3
Embodiment 6: sintering schedule is 1100 ℃/3.5h+920 ℃/3h+500 ℃/4.5h, and other is identical with embodiment 1.The specific performance of the N35H material of producing: Br=11.81KGs, Hcj=17.86Koe, (BH) m=35.370MGO, ρ ≈ 7.52g/cm
3
Embodiment 7: sintering schedule is 1060 ℃/4.5h+920 ℃/3h+530 ℃/4h, and other is identical with embodiment 1.The specific performance of the N33SH material of producing: Br=11.75KGs, Hcj=20.46Koe, (BH) m=32.97MGO, ρ ≈ 7.45g/cm
3
Embodiment 8: sintering schedule is 1100 ℃/3.5h+920 ℃/3h+500 ℃/4.5h, and other is identical with embodiment 1.The specific performance of the N30SH material of producing: Br=11.41KGs, Hcj=21.07Koe, (BH) m=31.13MGO, ρ ≈ 7.50g/cm
3
Claims (6)
1. neodymium iron boron permanent magnet for motor, it is characterized in that: it comprises following component, content (weight):
Praseodymium neodymium (PrNd) 24%-28%;
Gadolinium (Gd) 0.5%-7%;
Holmium (Ho) 1%-5%;
Dysprosium (Dy) 0-6%;
Boron (B) 0.9%-1.1%;
Copper (Cu) 0.1%-0.15%;
Aluminium (Al) 0.2%-1.2%;
Iron (Fe) 62.35%-66.5%.
2. neodymium iron boron permanent magnet for motor as claimed in claim, it is characterized in that: it also comprises cobalt (Co), niobium (Nb), and described cobalt (Co), niobium (Nb) content (accounting for total weight) scope are: cobalt (Co) 0.2%-1.5%, niobium (Nb) 0.2%-0.8%.
3. neodymium iron boron permanent magnet for motor as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that: the content of described gadolinium (Gd) is 1%-3%, and the content of described holmium (Ho) also is 1%-3%.
4. the manufacture method of a neodymium iron boron permanent magnet for motor is characterized in that it forms through following technology, step manufacturing:
1) burden process: prepare burden according to following component content (weight) praseodymium neodymium (PrNd) 24%-28%, gadolinium (Gd) 0.5%-7%, holmium (Ho) 1%-5%, dysprosium (Dy) 0-6%, boron (B) 0.9%-1.1%, copper (Cu) 0.1%-0.15%, aluminium (Al) 0.2%-1.2%, iron (Fe) 62.35%-66.5%;
2) melting operation: batching is put into the smelting furnace melting, and vacuum degree control is 5 * 10
-2Pa ± 10%;
3) powder process operation: the steel ingot through homogenizing is made the neodymium iron boron powder that granularity is 3.6um-4.2um by coarse crushing, middle fragmentation, airflow milling, and the control oxygen content is below 50ppm in this process;
4) molding procedure: good powder is pressed into briquet to take by weighing calculating in the title powder case of assembly room, and unpacking is waited for into the sintering furnace sintering through the laggard commentaries on classics truck of isostatic pressing machine, will control oxygen content in the molding procedure process below 200ppm;
5) sintering circuit: the briquet that suppresses is gone into the sintering furnace sintering through changeing truck, and sintering schedule is 1080 ℃ ± 20 ℃)/(3.5-4.5h)+920 ℃ ± 20 ℃/(2.5-3.5h)+(530 ℃ ± 30 ℃)/(3.5-4.5h, vacuum degree control is 3 * 10
-2Pa ± 10%;
6) mill manufacturing procedure: the blank mill that sintering is come out is processed into regular product.
5. the manufacture method of neodymium iron boron permanent magnet for motor as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: in burden process, also add cobalt (Co), niobium (Nb), described cobalt (Co), niobium (Nb) content (accounting for total weight) scope are: cobalt (Co) 0.2%-1.5%, niobium (Nb) 0.2%-0.8%.
6. as the manufacture method of claim 4 or 5 described neodymium iron boron permanent magnet for motor, it is characterized in that: the rare-earth oxidation dysprosium that before the airflow milling of powder process operation, also can add 0.2%-1.0% again.
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