CN101266856A - High ant-erosion and high performance R-Fe-B agglomeration magnetic body and its making method - Google Patents
High ant-erosion and high performance R-Fe-B agglomeration magnetic body and its making method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 title 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 title 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 19
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-IGMARMGPSA-N Protium Chemical compound [1H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [B].[Fe].[Nd] Chemical compound [B].[Fe].[Nd] QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a magnet and a manufacturing method thereof, more particularly a sintering magnet with outstanding corrosion resistance and high performance R-(Fe, TM)-Cu-B-X system and a manufacturing method thereof; condition of the magnet is HAST experiment of 130 DEG C, 95% rRH, 2,7bar air pressure, magnet weightlessness in 20 days is less than 2mg/cm<2>, sum of [(BH)max]+[jHc] reaches 64-75, density of the magnet reaches 7.56-7.8g/cm<2>; in the process of manufacturing, an oxygen-free procedure technology using inertia gases or N<2> gas for protection controls contents of oxygen, carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen in the magnet, adjusts cooling speed of a continuous casting furnace with blanks, and controls thickness of an alloy sheet, granularity of powders and pressed compact density within a special range in order to obtain the sintering magnet with outstanding corrosion resistance and high performance R-Fe-B system, greatly saving the strategic metal Co and reducing the cost.
Description
One, technical field
(Fe TM)-Cu-B-X based sintered magnet and manufacture method thereof, belongs to the rareearth magnetic material technical field to the invention discloses the high-performance R-of a kind of magnet and manufacture method thereof, particularly a kind of corrosion resistance excellent.
Two, background technology
Sintering R-Fe-B based permanent magnet is since nineteen eighty-three comes out, because of its excellent magnetism energy, cheap relatively price and sufficient resources deposit are widely used in fields such as computer, electrical engineering, Medical Devices, mobile phone, household electrical appliance, communication, auto industrys rapidly.But the R-Fe-B based permanent magnet is compared significant disadvantages with the Sm-Co based permanent magnet be corrosion-resistant, thereby limited this class magnet, so be that the research of corrosion-resistant problem of sintered permanent magnet is significant about R-Fe-B in environmental applications such as humidity, high temperature.In recent years along with the raising of countries in the world environmental protection, awareness of saving energy, use in humidity such as grassland, desert, the hot environment by the sea,, environmental protection, energy-conservation, magneto such as wind-driven generator efficiently press for the high-performance R-Fe-B based sintered magnet of corrosion resistance excellent especially.
At the corrosion resistance of R-Fe-B based sintered magnet, form corrosion proof diaphragm on its surface usually.As diaphragm, can use the coat of metal or resin etc. according to the difference of purposes.But, facts have proved only have only good coating can not solve neodymium iron boron magnetic body etching problem in actual applications fully, and have only magnet itself to have excellent corrosion resistance that the coating of no-float could head it off again.Therefore, solving the corrosion proof top priority of R-Fe-B based sintered magnet is to improve the corrosion resistance of R-Fe-B based sintered magnet self; And conventional art often can not be taken into account the corrosion resistance and the magnetic property of sintering R-Fe-B based permanent magnet.The ZL91103569.9 patent disclosure a kind ofly resist the R-Fe-B based permanent magnet of corrosion mutually by Co and Al stability boundaris, its oxygen content is at 2000~7500ppm, its [(BH) max]+[jHc] sum is up to 52.9.ZL00131653.2 discloses the R-Fe-B based permanent magnet with high anti-corrosion capability of a kind of Mo of containing, Cu, Al, and its oxygen content is below 8000ppm, and its [(BH) max]+[jHc] sum is up to 53.8.It is sintered permanent magnet that ZL03160313.0 discloses a kind of R-Fe-B that obtains good corrosion resistance and excellent magnetic by control total amount of rare earth R, O, C, N, and its oxygen content is about 2000ppm, and [(BH) max]+[jHc] is the highest accomplishes 63.9 for it.
Although foregoing invention has been improved the corrosion resistance of R-Fe-B based sintered magnet, magnetic property is on the low side, and can not well satisfy with computer high density hard disk driver (HDD) is needs representative, small size high-efficiency energy-saving permanent magnet motor.
Three, summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is intended to overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned prior art, discloses all good R-Fe-B based sintered magnet and the manufacture methods thereof of a kind of corrosion resistance and magnetic property.
For achieving the above object, the present invention is achieved in that a kind of high-performance R-Fe-B based sintered magnet of corrosion resistance excellent, and its special character is that magnet is at 130 ℃, and 95%rRH does the HAST experiment under the 2.7bar condition, and magnet weightlessness was less than 2mg/cm in 20 days
2, magnetic property [(BH) max]+[jHc] numerical value sum reaches 64~75, and the magnet density p reaches 7.56~7.8g/cm
3Magnet is R-(Fe, TM)-the Cu-B-X formation, wherein Cu is 0.02~0.5wt%, B is 0.9~1.1wt%, X=O, C, N, H, and 100ppm<O<900ppm, C<900ppm, N<900ppm, H<10ppm, R refers at least a kind among rare earth element nd, Pr, Dy, the Tb, and total amount≤30.5wt% of 27wt%<R, among TM=Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Ga, Al, Zr, Nb, Mo, the Co at least 2 kinds, and Co is 0.2~4wt%, the equal 0.02~0.5wt% of all the other elements, and surplus is Fe.
The method of producing the high-performance R-Fe-B based sintered magnet of above-mentioned corrosion resistance excellent is successively, with the raw material of purity greater than 99wt%, prepare in proportion, in 200~700Kg/ time Strip casting stove, melt, cooling rate with 3000~8000 ℃/s is cast into alloy sheet, and alloy sheet thickness is 0.1~0.3mm; Alloy sheet enters hydrogen and handles and to carry out hydrogen in the stove and pulverize, and 200~600 ℃ temperature dehydrogenation to hydrogen pressure<10Pa; After hydrogen is broken, at inert gas or N
2In the oxygen-free environment under the gas shiled, grinding machine is crushed to granularity<0.5mm again in sending into, and it is broken to carry out micro mist through airflow milling again, and classification is to adjust particle size distribution, the final suitable R-Fe-B powder that distributes, the average grain diameter d=2~4 μ m of obtaining; Under oxygen-free environment, enter inert gas or N
2Moulding in the magnetic aligning shaped device of gas shiled, green density is controlled at 4.3g/cm
3More than; Under oxygen-free environment, enter sintering furnace then and carry out 800~1050 ℃ * 1~4hr sintering, carry out 850~950 ℃ * 1~6hr at last and 450~600 ℃ * 1~6hr timeliness promptly can be made into magnet of the present invention.
The good effect that compared with the prior art the present invention has is, the excellent corrosion-proof performance of magnet, the magnetic property height, can satisfy the needs of energy-efficient small size magneto, and can add less and even not add Co, save the consumption of strategy metal Co, greatly reduced production cost, increased economic benefit.
Four, embodiment
For a better understanding of the present invention, below in conjunction with embodiment it is done further detailed elaboration.
Embodiment 1~15:
According to sintered magnet composition (percentage by weight) Nd
29-x-yPr
xDy
yCu
0.1Ga
0.1B
1Zr
0.1Fe
Surplus(x=0~8; Y=0~3), earlier the raw material of purity greater than 99wt% are prepared in proportion, fusing in 200~700Kg/ time Strip casting stove (strip casting) is with the cooling rate of 5000~8000 ℃/s, carry out the scale casting, finally obtain the thick scale of 0.1~0.3mm; Scale is sent into hydrogen pulverization process stove carry out the hydrogen pulverizing, under the Hydrogen Vapor Pressure of 90kPa, inhaled hydrogen 1~4 hour, vacuum dehydrogenation 6~8 hours in 200 ℃~600 ℃ temperature range reaches below the 10Pa hydrogen pressure then, cools off to obtain the hydrogen reducing cuttings after 6~8 hours; The mill pulverizer was pulverized during fragment after hydrogen pulverized was sent under oxygen content is bordering on 0% oxygen-free environment, and controlledly added oxygen element in middle mill process, to control the final oxygen content of magnet, particle<0.5mm behind the middle mill; Meal behind the middle mill is sent into airflow milling carry out the broken and classification adjustment particle size distribution of micro mist, the final suitable R-Fe-B powder that distributes, the average grain diameter d=2~4 μ m of obtaining; This powder is bordering in oxygen content sends into oxygen content under 0% the oxygen-free environment and be bordering on 0% N
2Carry out moulding in the magnetic aligning shaped device of gas shiled, pressure 500~1200kg/cm
2, finally control green density 4.3g/cm
3More than, orientation field 2~6 * 10
4Oe, the oxygen concentration<20ppm in the press; Formed body is bordering on 0% oxygen-free environment in oxygen content sends into sintering furnace, carry out the sintering of 800~1050 ℃ * 1~4hr, cold soon, carry out the Ageing Treatment of 850~950 ℃ * 1~6hr and 450~600 ℃ * 1~6hr then, make high-quality magnet, density is at 7.58~7.62g/cm
3, measure after the machine work, do the HAST experiment, measurement result is shown in table 1.
From embodiment 1~15 as can be seen, by the inventive method, do not add cobalt in the composition, by controlling the content of other elements, can produce 20 days HAST (130 ℃, 95%RH, 2.7bar) experiment, magnet weightlessness is less than 2mg/cm
2, the two all good rare-earth permanent magnet of the corrosion resistance of [(BH) max]+[jHc] 〉=64 and magnetic property.
The composition of table 1 high energy product magnet and corrosion resistance, magnetic characteristic
Embodiment 16:
Production technology is the same, consists of (Nd
29-x-y-zPr
xDy
yTb
z) Cr
0.1Cu
0.15Ga
0.1B
1Al
0.1Zr
0.1Fe
Surplus, (x=0~8; Y=0~3; Z=0~2), adjust x, y, z value, can obtain high corrosion-resistant, high energy product, high-coercive force magnet, magnet density is at 7.59~7.63g/cm
3, measurement result is shown in table 2.
The composition of table 2 high energy product, high-coercive force magnet and corrosion resistance, magnetic characteristic
Embodiment 17~18
Production technology is the same, consists of (Nd
29.5-x-yPr
xDy
y) Mo
0.4Cu
0.15Ti
0.1B
1Nb
0.2Fe
Surplus, (x=0~8; Y=1~4), adjust x, y value, can obtain high corrosion-resistant, high energy product, high-coercive force magnet, magnet density is at 7.59~7.63g/cm
3, measurement result sees Table 3.
The composition of table 3 high energy product, high-coercive force magnet and corrosion resistance, magnetic characteristic
Embodiment 19-20:
Production technology is the same, consists of (Nd
30-x-yPr
xDy
y) Co1Cu
0.15Ga
0.1Al
0.2B
1V
0.2Fe
Surplus, (x=0~8; Y=3~6), adjust x, y value, can obtain high corrosion-resistant, high-coercive force magnet, magnet density is at 7.61~7.65g/cm
3, measurement result sees Table 4.
The composition of table 4 high-coercive force magnet and corrosion resistance, magnetic characteristic
Embodiment 21~27:
Production technology is the same, consists of (Nd
30.5-x-yPr
xDy
y) Mn
0.2Cu
0.2Ti
0.15B
1Al
0.2Fe
Surplus, (x=0~8; Y=4~12), adjust x, y value, can obtain high corrosion-resistant, high-coercive force magnet, magnet density is at 7.65~7.72g/cm
3, measurement result sees Table 5.
The composition of table 5 high-coercive force magnet and corrosion resistance, magnetic characteristic
Embodiment 28~31:
Production technology is the same, consists of (Nd
30.5-x-y-zPr
xDy
yTb
z) Co
3.5Cu
0.2Ga
0.2B
1Nd
0.3Al
0.3Fe
Surplus, (x=0~8; Y=7~12; Z=0~3), adjust x, y, z value, can obtain high corrosion-resistant, ultra-high coercive force magnet as following table, magnet density is at 7.70~7.80g/cm
3, measurement result sees Table 6.As can be seen from Table 6, magnetic energy product and coercive force numerical value sum be greater than 73, i.e. [(BH) max]+[jHc]>73.
The composition of table 6 ultra-high coercive force magnet and corrosion resistance, magnetic characteristic
From above embodiment as can be known, R-Fe-B is that the corrosion of sintered permanent magnet begins with rich R mutually mutually from rich B often, and the many more corrosion resistances of this two-phase are poor more; And R-Fe-B is the magnetic property magnetic energy product especially of sintered permanent magnet, along with the continuous reduction of elements such as O, Al, Nb is risen.Therefore the present invention at first emphasis controlled oxygen element extremely rambunctious in the R-Fe-B based sintered magnet production process because oxygen is influence the constantly primary element of rising of R-Fe-B series magnet performance.Along with the increase of oxygen content, there is the rich Nd of material impact to change mutually to lose activity gradually the final oxide that forms for R-Fe-B series magnet performance, cause the magnet coercive force to descend even disappear.Oxygen content can be drawn by following formula the influence of magnetic energy product: (BH)
Max=α 1/4Br
2, as seen to obtain high energy product and at first will obtain high Br, that Br is the highest in the R-Fe-B based sintered magnet is pure NdFeB, its Br theoretical value is 16kGs.Practice shows, when the content of neodymium metal in the magnet improves 1wt%, and Br descends about 300Gs, (BH) accordingly
MaxAbout 2~3MGOe descends.To an oxygen content is the magnet of 3000ppm (being 0.3wt%), must additionally increase the Nd of 1.8wt%, could guarantee the magnet coercive force and not have the magnet of this 3000ppm oxygen suitable, but this will cause the about 540Gs of Br decline, corresponding (BH)
MaxAbout 3~4MGOe descends; And for the magnet of oxygen content at a hundreds of ppm, need the extra Nd content that increases less than 0.5%, the general who has surrendered is less than 150Gs under the Br, be under the Br general who has surrendered less than 1%, and because the active mutually raising of rich Nd, jHc will significantly improve, and reach under the condition of high energy product to improve the magnet coercive force, with because of the corrosion proof purpose of rich R minimizing mutually raising magnet.
The present invention with Control for Oxygen Content under the prerequisite below the 900ppm, control Nd, Pr, Dy, at least a kind of rare earth element among the Tb is at 27~30.5wt%, B is at 0.9~1.1wt%, C is below 900ppm, N is below the 900ppm, H is below 10ppm, Cu is in the scope of 0.02~0.5wt%, do any interpolation and be selected from Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Ga, Al, Zr, Nb, Mo, at least 2 kinds of elements among the Co, wherein Co is 0.2~4wt%, the experiment of the equal 0.02~0.5wt% of all the other elements, found that the R-Fe-B based sintered magnet in this scope, density reaches more than 99.5% of solid density easily, and magnetic property [(BH) max]+[jHc] sum reaches 64~75.
The magnet that the present invention is made is with the EHS-211M type experimental facilities of ESPEC CORP, and the condition of doing is 130 ℃, 95%rRH, and the HAST of 2.7bar air pressure (Highly Accelerated StressTest) experiment, magnet weightlessness was all less than 2mg/cm in 20 days
2
In a word, the present invention is designed into production process from composition, composition range by various elements in the control magnet, rich B is almost disappeared in magnet, but kept an amount of rich R phase, control the granularity of scale crystalline state, powder, the grain size of magnet in the production process again, make magnet density reach more than 99.5% of solid density, thereby obtained the high-performance R-Fe-B based sintered magnet of corrosion resistance excellent.Can add or not add Co less by the magnet of manufacturing of the present invention and make the good high-performance magnet of corrosion resistance, save strategy metal Co, reduce cost, can produce the far-reaching social benefit of great economic benefit.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of high-performance R-Fe-B based sintered magnet of corrosion resistance excellent is characterized in that: magnet is at 130 ℃, and 95%rRH does the HAST experiment under the 2.7bar condition, and magnet weightlessness was less than 2mg/cm in 20 days
2Magnetic property [(BH) max]+[jHc] numerical value sum reaches 64~75; The magnet density p reaches 7.56~7.8g/cm
3Magnet is by R-(Fe, TM)-the Cu-B-X formation, wherein Cu is 0.02~0.5wt%, B is 0.9~1.1wt%, X=O, C, N, H, and 100ppm<O<900ppm, C<900ppm, N<900ppm, H<10ppm, R refers at least a kind among rare earth element nd, Pr, Dy, the Tb, and total amount≤30.5wt% of 27wt%<R, among TM=Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Ga, Al, Zr, Nb, Mo, the Co at least 2 kinds, and Co is 0.2~4wt%, the equal 0.02~0.5wt% of all the other elements, and surplus is Fe.
2, the high-performance R-Fe-B of the described corrosion resistance excellent of claim 1 is the production method of sintered body, it is characterized in that: method step is followed successively by, with the raw material of purity greater than 99wt%, prepare in proportion, in 200~700Kg/ time Strip casting stove, melt, cooling rate with 3000~8000 ℃/s is cast into alloy sheet, and alloy sheet thickness is 0.1~0.3mm; Alloy sheet enters hydrogen and handles and to carry out hydrogen in the stove and pulverize, and 200~600 ℃ temperature dehydrogenation to hydrogen pressure<10Pa; After hydrogen is broken, at inert gas or N
2In the oxygen-free environment under the gas shiled, grinding machine is crushed to granularity<0.5mm again in sending into, and it is broken to carry out micro mist through airflow milling again, and classification is to adjust particle size distribution, the final suitable R-Fe-B powder that distributes, the average grain diameter d=2~4 μ m of obtaining; Under oxygen-free environment, enter inert gas or N
2Moulding in the magnetic aligning shaped device of gas shiled, green density is controlled at 4.3g/cm
3More than; Under oxygen-free environment, enter sintering furnace then and carry out 800~1050 ℃ * 1~4hr sintering, carry out 850~950 ℃ * 1~6hr at last and 450~600 ℃ * 1~6hr timeliness promptly can be made into magnet of the present invention.
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