CN101408117A - Gas distribution mechanism of internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a distribution mechanism of an internal combustion engine and is characterized by essentially comprising a distribution disc, a tappet seat, a tappet, a cylinder head, a valve guide pipe, an intake valve and an exhaust valve; wherein, the distribution disc is arranged at the front part of a front main shaft and rotates with the main shaft; an arc bump is embedded on the distribution disc; the tappet seat is fixed on the cylinder head and internally provided with the tappet; the cylinder head is internally provided with the valve guide pipe which is internally provided with a sliding valve rod; the lower end of the sliding valve rod is connected with a valve; and a gap is left between the upper end of the valve rod and the lower end of the tappet. The invention directly drives the tappet on the distribution seat through the bump on the distribution disc; the tappet drives the valve; the invention does not have a push rod and rocker motion and leads the distribution to be more reliable; the distribution structure is simplified highly and the volume and the weight are both reduced; and the manufacturing cost of the internal combustion engine which is provided with four cylinders, four strokes, a reciprocating piston and a two-peak convex disc and has the same power is only 50 percent of that of the crank connecting rod internal combustion engine with the same power.

Description

A kind of distribution device of internal-combustion engine

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of accessory of internal-combustion engine, particularly relate to a kind of distribution device of internal-combustion engine, be exclusively used in internal-combustion engine with four cylinders, four-journey, reciprocating piston and bimodal protruding dish.

Background technique

From German engineer Diesel invention crank-linkage type internal-combustion engine, 100 for many years, and the internal-combustion engine of this structure is always as the mating power of automobile, tractor and other engineering machinery.In long-term using process, some shortcoming and defect of crank-linkage type internal-combustion engine progressively are familiar with:

1. the crank-linkage type internal-combustion engine when piston passes to crank to power by connecting rod, has also produced a side pressure to casing wall in the course of the work, has caused the eccentric wear of cylinder barrel and piston, and the working condition of internal-combustion engine is degenerated, and has shortened the working life of complete machine.

2. the crank-linkage type internal-combustion engine has determined that the swing inertial force of the reciprocal inertia force of its piston and connecting rod can not complete equilibrium, produces vibration in the running.

3. crank-linkage type Structure of Internal-Combustion Engine complexity, the processing technique of main parts difficulty is big, and required precision height, the complete machine weight that compares is bigger, thereby the manufacturing expense height.

4. the crank-linkage type internal combustion engine characteristics of motion, gas fuel burning rule and heat dissipation law during the outburst of incompatibility internal-combustion engine, thereby the thermal efficiency is relatively low.

In the evolution of internal-combustion engine, some internal combustion engines also once appearred both at home and abroad, as three-apexed rotor formula internal-combustion engine, protruding dish internal-combustion engine, balance internal-combustion engine, Stirling formula internal-combustion engine, to the top internal-combustion piston engine etc.,, there are various shortcoming and deficiency though above-mentioned internal-combustion engine successively comes out, never obtain practical application, wherein

(1). three-apexed rotor formula internal-combustion engine

This machine is simple in structure, volume is little in light weight, balance is good, and running steadily can not get solving but this internal-combustion engine deadly defect is a sealing problem, this machine is when work, the Stamping Steel Ribbon of triangle piston and the working surface of cylinder can not be permanently effective sealing, cause the pressurized gas in the working procedure to reveal, can not be permanently effective, running reliably, thereby be not applied.

(2). protruding dish, balance internal-combustion engine

These two kinds of internal-combustion engines were once introduced in " diesel engine design handbook ", but owing to its structure and other reasons, the processing technology complexity can not be used on automobile.

(3). Stirling formula internal-combustion engine

This internal-combustion engine is because its gas distribution system volume is excessive, and heaviness can not be as the power of motor vehicle.

(4). to the top internal-combustion piston engine

This internal-combustion engine once was external emerging a kind of internal-combustion engine, this machine two-piston relative movement, so balance is good, but this structure only limits to two stroke IC engine, and the scavenging process complexity, and volume is excessive, is not applied and promotes.

The inventor is at the shortcoming of existing internal-combustion engine, once worked out a kind of internal-combustion engine and also applied for Chinese invention patent with four cylinders, four-journey, reciprocating piston and bimodal protruding dish, yet, the distribution device of internal-combustion engine of the prior art, because of its structure and processing technology complexity, be not suitable on internal-combustion engine, using with four cylinders, four-journey, reciprocating piston and bimodal protruding dish.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to overcome the prior art above shortcomings,, improve, provided a kind of distribution device of novel internal-combustion engine through research at the characteristics of internal-combustion engine with four cylinders, four-journey, reciprocating piston and bimodal protruding dish.The distribution device system of this internal-combustion engine directly drives gas distribution plate by central principal axis, in gas distribution plate when rotation, drive distribution tappet in the tappet seat by being set in bulge loop on the gas distribution plate, tappet directly drives valve, finish breathing action, compare with widely used crank-connecting rod internal-combustion engine, gas distribution structure height of the present invention is simplified, volume weight reduces, and the manufacturing expense that adopts the internal-combustion engine with four cylinders, four-journey, reciprocating piston and bimodal protruding dish of equal-wattage of the present invention only is to make 50% of expense with power crank-connecting rod internal-combustion engine.

The internal-combustion engine with four cylinders, four-journey, reciprocating piston and bimodal protruding dish that the inventor provides includes protruding dish roller mechanism, distribution device, lubrication system, ignition system, fuel supply system, starting arrangement and body cylinder cap, wherein

Protruding dish roller mechanism mainly is made of main shaft, protruding dish, combined piston, driving rolls, roller shaft, return roller, return roller bearing pin, return fork, fork back shaft, fork bearing pin, wherein

Main shaft is located at the central authorities of body cylinder cap, front and back connect, be divided into forward spindle and back main shaft, middle by the joint sleeve connection, protruding dish is housed on the back main shaft, outputting power, back front-end of spindle is equipped with bevel gear, is meshed driving machine oil pump and distributor with two with the perpendicular identical bevel gear of main-shaft axis, and the forward spindle that links to each other with the back main shaft is used for driving the gas distribution plate of cylinder cap front end, belt pulley;

Combined piston is divided into top and bar portion, top and piston rod are cast as one, the cylindrical of piston head is provided with annular groove three roads, interior dress compression ring twice, oil ring together, piston rod middle part and bottom are respectively equipped with return pin axis hole and drive pin axis hole, two pin shaft holes are 45 ° of angles and vertical with piston rod, the return bearing pin is housed in the cylinder axis hole, driving rolls is equipped with at the two ends of axle, piston rod is a hollow cylinder, underpart of the piston rod is drilled with oil channel hole, when reaching top dead center, piston communicates with the body oil duct, lubricant oil just enters in the piston rod by the hole, road, entering lubricant oil in the piston rod when descent of piston arrives piston head piston is cooled off under action of inertia, the aperture of part oil under the piston head oil ring arrives ring bank portion simultaneously, cylinder barrel and piston are carried out pressure lubrication, unnecessary oil is depressed and is extruded by the aperture under the oil ring scraping of oil ring and gets back in the piston rod, quantity and change oilhole diameter by oilhole under the increase and decrease oil ring can be adjusted this part oily pressure and flow, to keep the Optimum Lubrication here, do not make to scurry on the lubricant oil to enter the firing chamber.

Protruding dish is to reach the double-humped double-rollaway nest cam that inside and outside raceway is formed by two peak dots and two valley points, the inside and outside raceway of its convexity dish is coaxial, two peak dots of protruding dish, two valley points are divided into four intervals to the raceway working surface of sealing, each interval is 90 °, and the working curved surface in adjacent two intervals should meet following condition:

h _Rise=|-h _Fall|, a _Rise=|-a _Fall|

H in the formula _RiseBe any corner pistons lift of protruding dish

-h _FallBe protruding dish h _RiseThe lift of place, 90 ° of angles, interval piston

a _RiseBe h _RiseThe acceleration of place angle piston

-a _FallBe a _RiseThe acceleration of place, 90 ° of angles, interval piston.

The technological scheme that the present invention provides is: the distribution device of this internal-combustion engine is mainly by gas distribution plate, the tappet seat, tappet, cylinder head, valve guide bushing, intake valve, exhaust valve constitutes, wherein gas distribution plate is arranged on the anterior of forward spindle and rotates with main shaft, stud with arc bump on the gas distribution plate, the tappet seat is fixed on the cylinder head, be provided with tappet in the tappet seat, be provided with valve guide bushing in the cylinder head, be provided with slidably valve stem in the valve guide bushing, the lower end and the valve of valve stem join, between the upper end of valve stem and the lower end of tappet a gap is arranged, when gas distribution plate rotates together with main shaft, when forwarding a certain special angle to, the projection on the gas distribution plate can oppress the tappet retraction in the tappet seat, the retracting force of tappet is greater than the elastic force that is enclosed within the valve spring on the valve stem, and the tappet lower end will drive the upper end retraction of valve stem and open valve; When gas distribution plate forwards another special angle to, projection on the gas distribution plate can break away from the tappet in the tappet seat, under the elastic force effect that is enclosed within the valve spring on the valve stem, tappet and valve stem reset, valve-closing, at this moment, the upper end of tappet and gas distribution plate, valve stem all keeps certain clearance, thereby realizes air inlet and exhaust.

Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: distribution device directly drives tappet on the distribution seat by the arc bump on the gas distribution plate, tappet drives valve, no tappet rocking arm motion, make distribution more reliable, and the gas distribution structure height is simplified, because the simplification advanced person of structure, volume weight reduces, and the manufacturing expense that adopts the internal-combustion engine with four cylinders, four-journey, reciprocating piston and bimodal protruding dish of equal-wattage of the present invention only is to make 50% of expense with power crank-connecting rod internal-combustion engine.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the sectional drawing of the 45 that adopts the internal-combustion engine with four cylinders, four-journey, reciprocating piston and bimodal protruding dish of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the working principle unfolded drawing with internal-combustion engine of four cylinders, four-journey, reciprocating piston and bimodal protruding dish;

Fig. 3 is the A--A view of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is the B--B view of Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is the plan view of the protruding dish of Fig. 1;

Fig. 6 is the C--C view of Fig. 5.

Embodiment

Now Fig. 1～the Fig. 6 that provides in conjunction with the present invention is further elaborated technological scheme of the present invention.

Mark in the accompanying drawing is: 1. main shaft, 2. rear case, 3. thrust-bearing after, 4. protruding dish, 5. roller, 6. roller shaft, 7. body, 8. combined piston, 9. return roller, 10. return fork, 11. fork back shafts, 12. bevel gears, 13. exhaust valve, 14. intake valves, 15. cylinder head, 16. tappet, 17. tappet seats, 18. gas distribution plates, 19. forward spindle, 20. belt pulleys, 21. cylinder sleeves, 22. the distributor seat, 23. machine oil pump seats, 24. oil sumps, 25. peak dot, 26. valley points, 27. interior raceways, 28. outer raceway, 29. valve stems, two cylinders that alphabetical a ', b ' representative is adjacent.

As shown in Figure 1, for adopting the sectional drawing of internal-combustion engine 45 of the present invention, this figure has represented the working procedure of two cylinders at diagonal angle, this two cylinder is under bimodal protruding dish jacking, one cylinder is in exhaust top dead center, one cylinder is in compression top center, promotes return fork 10 by a pair of return roller 9 on the piston rod simultaneously, and other two cylinders are pushed to lower dead center.

This internal-combustion engine with four cylinders, four-journey, reciprocating piston and bimodal protruding dish, include protruding dish roller mechanism, distribution device, lubrication system, ignition system, fuel supply system, starting arrangement and body cylinder cap, lubrication system wherein, ignition system, fuel supply system, starting arrangement belong to prior art.

Protruding dish roller mechanism is for adopting the main inventive point of internal-combustion engine patent applied for of the present invention, include the main shaft that is located at body 7 central authorities, this main shaft is divided into forward spindle 19 and back main shaft 1, the centre is connected by joint sleeve, protruding dish 4 is housed on the back main shaft 1, back main shaft 1 front end is equipped with bevel gear, be meshed with the perpendicular identical bevel gear 12 of main-shaft axis with two, driving machine oil pump and distributor, and the forward spindle 19 that links to each other with back main shaft 1 is used for driving the gas distribution plate 18 of body cylinder cap front end, belt pulley 20; Also has combined piston 8 in the protruding dish roller mechanism, driving rolls 5, roller shaft 6, return roller 9, return roller bearing pin, return fork 10, fork back shaft 11, parts such as fork bearing pin, wherein combined piston 8 is divided into top and bar portion, the top is cast as one with hollow steel piston rod by aluminium alloy casting, and piston head cylindrical car has annular groove three roads, interior dress compression ring twice, oil ring one, cylindrical piston bar middle part and bottom are respectively equipped with return pin axis hole and drive pin axis hole, and two pin shaft holes are 45 ° of angles and vertical with piston rod.The return bearing pin is housed in the cylinder axis hole, and return roller 9 is equipped with at the two ends of axle, and piston rod is a hollow cylinder, by superior alloy steel, is cast into piston head after the heat treatment.Under be drilled with oil channel hole, when reaching top dead center, piston communicates with the body oil duct, lubricant oil just enters in the piston rod by the hole, road, entering lubricant oil in the piston rod when descent of piston arrives piston head piston is cooled off under action of inertia, the aperture of part oil under the piston head oil ring arrives ring bank portion simultaneously, cylinder barrel and piston are carried out pressure lubrication, unnecessary oil is depressed and is extruded by the aperture under the oil ring scraping of oil ring and gets back in the piston rod, quantity and change oilhole diameter by oilhole under the increase and decrease oil ring can be adjusted this part oily pressure and flow, to keep the Optimum Lubrication here, do not make to scurry on the lubricant oil to enter the firing chamber.

The inventive point that distribution device is this time applied for a patent for the inventor, mainly by gas distribution plate 18, tappet seat 17, tappet 16, cylinder head 15, valve guide bushing, intake valve 14, exhaust valve 13 constitutes, wherein gas distribution plate 18 is arranged on the anterior of forward spindle 19 and rotates with main shaft, stud with two arc bumps on the gas distribution plate 18, tappet seat 17 is fixed on the cylinder head 15, be provided with tappet 16 in the tappet seat 17, be provided with valve guide bushing in the cylinder head 15, be provided with slidably valve stem 29 in the valve guide bushing, the lower end and the valve of valve stem 29 join, one gap is arranged between the lower end of the upper end of valve stem 29 and tappet 16, when gas distribution plate 18 rotates together with main shaft, when forwarding a certain special angle to, the projection on the gas distribution plate 18 can oppress tappets 16 retractions in the tappet seat 17, the retracting force of tappet 16 is greater than the elastic force that is enclosed within the valve spring on the valve stem 29, and tappet 16 lower ends will drive the upper end retraction of valve stem 29 and open valve; When gas distribution plate 18 forwards another special angle to, projection on the gas distribution plate 18 can break away from the tappet 16 in the tappet seat 17, under the elastic force effect that is enclosed within the valve spring on the valve stem 29, tappet 16 resets with valve stem 29, valve-closing, at this moment, tappet 16 all keeps certain clearance with the upper end of gas distribution plate 18, valve stem 29, thereby realizes air inlet and exhaust.

Fig. 2 is for adopting the fundamental diagram of internal-combustion engine of the present invention, and that protruding dish 4 with the main shaft is that 360 ° of center rotations can be finished is air-breathing, compression, outburst, the circulation of exhaust four-journey.Mark a among the figure represents air-breathing, and b represents compression, and c represents outburst, and d represents exhaust.

Fig. 3 is the A-A view of Fig. 1, shows that four pair rollers 5 promote the inside and outside raceway of protruding dish 4, combined piston 8 position at body respectively.

Fig. 4 is the B-B view of Fig. 1, and two pairs of return forks 10 are pressed in the roller of piston-rod lower end respectively, drives the non-plane motion of piston along bimodal protruding dish, and two pairs of return fork 10 homophases face the two-cylinder piston interlock, and fork back shaft 11 supports.

Fig. 5 is the plan view of protruding dish 4, and Fig. 6 is the C-C view of Fig. 5, and protruding dish 4 is by two peak dots and two valley points, and inside and outside raceway composition, the protruding dish of promptly bimodal, two raceway, and the inside and outside raceway of protruding dish 4 is coaxial, cast solid.Two peak dots of protruding dish 4, two valley points are divided into four intervals to the raceway working surface of sealing, and each interval is 90 °, and the working curved surface in adjacent two intervals should meet following condition:

h _Rise=|-h _Fall|, a _Rise=|-a _Fall|

In the formula

h _RiseBe any corner pistons lift of protruding dish;-h _FallBe protruding dish h _RiseThe lift of place, 90 ° of angles, interval piston;

a _RiseBe h _RiseThe acceleration of place angle piston;-a _FallBe a _RiseThe acceleration of place, 90 ° of angles, interval piston.

Adopt the working procedure of internal-combustion engine of the present invention to be: the linear reciprocating motion of piston change into rotatablely move and realize air-breathing, the compression, the outburst, the exhaust continuous operation, with outputting power, Details as Follows:

When protruding dish 4 turned clockwise, b ' cylinder piston moved to right, and the return roller 9 on the bar drives return fork 10, promotion a ' cylinder piston moves to left to lower dead center along the working curve of protruding dish 4, this moment a ' cylinder intake valve 14 open, exhaust valve 13 cuts out, protruding dish 4 revolves and turn 90 degrees, and has finished air-breathing; Working curve by protruding dish 4 determines a ' cylinder and b ' cylinder before the upper and lower stop of piston arrives, and the distance that moves to left of unit protruding dish corner piston is equal everywhere with the distance that moves to right, and acceleration magnitude equates, direction is opposite, protruding dish 4 half-twists of every stroke.A ' cylinder piston arrives moves under the driving of protruding dish 4 after bottom dead center from left to right, and inlet and outlet this moment door is closed, and the inflammable gas of inspiration is compressed.Working as a ' cylinder piston arrives budc inflammable gas is lighted, a ' cylinder piston is crossed the top dead center outburst under action of inertia, the masterpiece that high temperature and high pressure gas after the outburst produces is used for piston head, be delivered to roller by piston rod, roller is used this masterpiece on the curved surface of protruding dish 4 again, back main shaft 1 output of the rotating force of Chan Shenging by linking to each other with protruding dish 4 therefrom.Outburst back a ' cylinder piston arrives lower dead center, exhaust valve 13 is opened, and protruding dish 4 drives a ' cylinder piston and moves to right, and the piston arrives top dead center carries out exhaust.

The linear reciprocating motion of four pistons 8 is that the interlock that the return roller 9 on protruding dish 4 working curved surfaces and adjacent two-piston bar drives return fork 10 is finished, and two pairs of return forks 10 are supported by fork back shaft 11.

Claims (1)

1. the distribution device of an internal-combustion engine, it is characterized in that described distribution device mainly is made of gas distribution plate, tappet seat, tappet, cylinder head, valve guide bushing, intake valve, exhaust valve, wherein gas distribution plate is arranged on the anterior of forward spindle and rotates with main shaft, stud with arc bump on the gas distribution plate, the tappet seat is fixed on the cylinder head, be provided with tappet in the tappet seat, be provided with valve guide bushing in the cylinder head, be provided with slidably valve stem in the valve guide bushing, the lower end and the valve of valve stem join, and between the upper end of valve stem and the lower end of tappet a gap are arranged.

Images