CN101406941A

CN101406941A - Material forming method for preparing composite product using semi-solid state forming technique

Info

Publication number: CN101406941A
Application number: CNA2008101437034A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨昭
Original assignee: Central South University
Current assignee: Central South University
Priority date: 2008-11-25
Filing date: 2008-11-25
Publication date: 2009-04-15
Anticipated expiration: 2028-11-25
Also published as: CN101406941B

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for preparing a composite material product through a semisolid forming technology, which belongs to the field of material processing. Because liquid between different semisolid materials can be fused mutually under the action of pressure and the fusing process is limited on a quite shallow layer under the composite combining surface by evenly distributed solid particles, different materials can be kept independent of each other in the semisolid forming process to form a good composite interface. Because the semisolid materials have a laminar flow characteristic in high-speed cutting and flowing, the different semisolid materials can still keep the relative positions before mold filling in the process of the mold filling; and when the mold filling is finished, even narrow pouring channels with bended channels cannot wind the different semisolid materials together. Therefore, a semisolid forming method is used for filling more than two semisolid materials into a mould die cavity by pressure simultaneously to realize the compounding of different materials. The method has the characteristics that the formed products have complex processing shapes, functional parts have materials required by corresponding functions, and the composite organization and the performance are good.

Description

A kind of material forming method that utilizes semi-solid state forming technique to prepare composite product

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of processing method for preparing composite product with semi-solid-state shaping technology.Belong to the material processing technique field.

Background technology

Semi-solid state forming technique (Semisolid metal forming process) is based on United States Patent (USP) 3,948,650, United States Patent (USP) 3,951,651 and the United States Patent (USP) 3,954,455 that Flemings MC etc. and the 1970's successively deliver.When these patents pointed out that the particles reiforced metal-base composition that molten metal or matrix are melted stirs the temperature that is cooled between the solid-liquid phase line, the graininess solid phase of liquid phase and equally distributed non-dendrite was formed the combined state material that solid-liquid coexists.When solid volume percentage was 20%～65% in the material, when the material of this solid-liquid coexistence was out of shape under the high shear strain rate, apparent viscosity was low, and good fluidity can be used for casting.Because semi-solid state forming technique has lot of advantages, just develop into a material forming new technology very soon.Winter J is at United States Patent (USP) 4,229,210 and United States Patent (USP) 4,434,837 in proposed the semi-continuous casting that charged magnetic stirs and had the method for the semi-solid material of thixotropic property in conjunction with post bake process production, the concurrent method of putting on display thixotropic forming.Bradley NL is at United States Patent (USP) 5,040, proposed single screw rod in 589 to stir the thixotropic forming injection device, and Fan Z is in BP 9,922, proposes twin-screw in 696.3 to stir the rheocasting injection device.UBE Industries is respectively at United States Patent (USP) 6,165,411 and at European patent 0,745, the new rheocasting technology (New Rheocasting) of 694 issues but further utilize the artificial method that increases nucleation rate to make material stir the semi solid slurry that directly forms rheological molding in the process of setting not having, reduced the production cost of semi-solid-state shaping technology.

Some representative processing methods in the semi-solid state forming technique have been enumerated above.Based on different semi-solid material preparation process, this paper is divided three classes the semi-solid-state shaping mode.

One, rheological molding (Rheo-forming process): after the material melting,, make solid phase microstructure Evolution in the material become the graininess primary crystal of non-dendrite by the semi-solid state material that is in solid-liquid coexistence is stirred.The semi-solid material of this state is under the high speed shear effect, and apparent viscosity is little, good fluidity.Directly carry out die casting or forging this without the semi-solid material that solidifies, be called rheological molding.UBE Industries is respectively at United States Patent (USP) 6,165,411 and at European patent 0,745, in the new rheocasting technology (New Rheocasting) of 694 issues, be to increase nucleus quantity, make solid phase organize slaking (Rippening) by the semi-solid state insulation then, form and be evenly distributed on granular primary crystal solid phase tissue in the liquid, that have non-dendrite by interpolation grain refiner, increase degree of supercooling.The semi solid slurry of Xing Chenging also has good flowability under the high speed shear effect like this, can be used for die casting and die forging.Solidify differently because it prepare the method for semi solid slurry and traditional stirring, so be called as new rheological molding.But hereinafter the state of rheological molding be meant when material cooled behind solid-liquid two-phase region, solid-liquid coexists mutually, the solid phase tissue is the graininess of non-dendrite and is evenly distributed in the liquid phase, solid rate is between 20%～80%, apparent viscosity is little when high speed shear is out of shape, good fluidity without the semi-solid material state that solidifies.

Two, thixotropic forming (Thixo-forming process): after the material melting, continuous or the semi-continuous casting of handling through grain refinement forms the little solid ingot of casting crystallite dimension, then ingot casting is cut into the embryo ingot of certain size specification, carry out post bake, make material be in the semi-solid state of solid-liquid coexistence.Insulation can make the dendroid primary crystal be evolved into the graininess primary crystal of non-dendrite a period of time under semi-solid state, and making is primary crystal particle rounding, the i.e. maturing process (Rippening) more of non-dendritic crystalline.Semi-solid alloy embryo ingot through post bake, slaking has thixotropic property (Thixotropic), and apparent viscosity is very high under the low velocity shear distortion, and available mechanical arm clamping is feeded; Apparent viscosity diminishes rapidly under the high speed shear distortion, has good flowability.Therefore can use die casting machine die casting, also can carry out die forging with forging equipment.Melting, ingot casting, cutting, post bake, slaking, the whole process of pressure forming are called thixotropic forming.If, replacing ingot casting with the bar of plasticity pressure processing, slaking speed is fast in post bake process, and the solid phase constitution is tiny in the solid-liquid coexistence material.Therefore, Young KP is at United States Patent (USP) 4,415, proposed the strain-induced melt in 374 to activate thixotropic forming (Strain inducedmelt-activated processes), also belongs to the thixotropic forming class.Hereinafter but the thixotropic forming state is meant after post bake and slaking, solid-liquid coexists mutually, the solid phase tissue is the graininess of non-dendrite and is evenly distributed in the liquid phase, solid rate is between 20%～85%, apparent viscosity is little when high speed shear is out of shape, good fluidity, have the materials behavior of thixotropic property.

Three, semi-solid-state injection molding: above in thixotropic forming and the rheological molding, the semi-solid material preparation facilities all is what to separate with pressure former, semi-solid material after preparing again with in the form of embryo ingot feeding die casting machine or the die forging device.And at Bradley NL at United States Patent (USP) 5,040, single screw rod stirring thixotropic forming injection device (DowThixomolder) that proposes in 589 and Fan Z are in BP 9,922,696.3 middle proposition twin-screw stirs in the rheocasting injection device (Twinscrew rheomoulder), it all is to finish in same device that the stirring of its semi-solid material is solidified with injection process.Also have to stir and solidify the injection device that container and injection vessel are separated, as Kono at United States Patent (USP) 6,135, the injection device of description in 196.Semi-solid material injection device common ground is promptly directly to inject the compression mod die cavity by injection device after the semi solid slurry preparation.According to this paper needs, this class forming mode is collectively referred to as semi-solid material injection moulding at this paper.If filler is a solid granulates, then be called the thixotropic forming injection device; If filler is a liquid, then be called the rheological molding injection device.

Semi-solid state forming technique has liquid die casting, the not available advantage of technologies such as liquid forging.In this technology, semi-solid material embryo ingot apparent viscosity under low detrusion speed is very high, can keep embryo ingot shape shape substantially, can be transmitted easily, is applicable to mechanization, automation mechanized operation.Semi-solid material apparent viscosity under high shear deformation rate condition reduces rapidly, has good flowability, simultaneously the size of material apparent viscosity can make cavity filling process based on Laminar Flow, thereby semi-solid-state shaping technology has extraordinary filling capacity, bleb, shrinkage cavity, be mingled with few.Equally distributed non-dendritic graininess solid phase makes goods each several part performance even.The crystallization latent heat of semi-solid material is low, and little to the mold hot impact, die life is long.The goods shrinkage factor is low, the dimensional accuracy height.No metallic vapour pollutes in the production process, the production process environment-protecting clean.Because the advantage of semisolid forming technique is outstanding, is widely used in the production of high-end products such as cylinder, seal, nave boss.

All semi-solid state forming techniques all are only limited to the single semi-solid alloy material of processing at present, as U.S. trade mark A356 aluminium alloy, and U.S. trade mark AZ91 magnesium alloy, U.S. trade mark M2 tool steel, particle reinforced aluminum alloy, or the like.Composition in the semi-solid-state shaping goods, the Tissue distribution uniformity, goods each several part performance is identical.Also there are not document or patent to propose to process the composite product of different tissues non-uniform Distribution with semi-soild-state technology.Detailed introduction can be consulted Fan Z:Semisolidmetal processing, International Materials Review, 2002, vol.47, p85.

Material need satisfy multiple instructions for use in use usually simultaneously, as mechanical property, comprises intensity, toughness, hardness, plasticity, wearability; Chemical property, as corrosion resistance, physical property, as electrical property, hot property, and economy etc.A kind of material can only show excellent on partial properties, and can exist not enough on other performance.Usually the solution that adopts on the engineering has: costliness, good comprehensive properties material satisfy performance indications to use price; Strengthen part dimension and satisfy performance indications; Perhaps use a plurality of parts, use combination of different materials to satisfy performance indications.Use expensive material, increase the cost that scantling can increase material.Use sub-assembly more to make manufacturing procedure loaded down with trivial details.Therefore, the material combined shaping is a kind of up-and-coming processing method.At present, most of composites are that solid and solid pass through pressure processing, form similar friction welding, and two kinds of materials are combined with each other; Perhaps solid and liquid continuous casting are compound, and solid liquid interface generation chemical reaction (infiltration) is realized between different materials compound.Aluminium Baogang for example, copper covered steel composite cable, aluminum copper composite plate etc.But these composites, simple shape only is suitable for strip, wire production.Also not efficiently, be used to prepare the method for the single-piece composite of complicated shape, precision size.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to utilize the semi-solid material good flowing properties, flow steadily, solid is independent mutually between semi-solid material, near the characteristics that liquid only merges compound faying face, pass through semi-solid processing, different semi-solid materials lumped together carry out pressure forming, make different materials under the state that is controlled, be distributed to different positions, form composite product by performance requirement.By this method can Cheap highly effective ground produce complex-shaped, the composite product that functional part is made up of the corresponding function material.

The liquid part can merge under pressure mutually in the semi-solid material, makes compound interface form the good binding institutional framework; And equally distributed solid phase particles is limited in the very shallow part in surface to the part that merges mutually, makes different semi-solid materials have relative independentability.The semi-solid material good fluidity, goods that can the machining shape complexity.Therefore, utilize the composite product of semi-solid-state shaping mode machining shape complexity to have huge potential advantages.

The objective of the invention is to realize by following manner:

By regulating and control initial position, the volume ratio of different semi-solid materials before shaping of selected two or more, control the angle of compound faying face between the different semi-solid materials and flow direction and when entering mold cavity and the angle that forms of mould die joint, realize that different semi-solid materials position after having filled mold cavity is provided with, finally reach different materials different position distribution in the composite product of making; Selected various different semi-solid materials together are pressed into same mold cavity,, make composite product after solidifying by die casting or forging and pressing or injection moulding; Described semi-solid material is meant that material is in the state of temperature between the solid-liquid phase line, possesses the graininess solid phase and is evenly distributed in the liquid phase combined state that forms the solid-liquid coexistence, and to account for the volume ratio in the whole material be 25%～85% to solid volume in the material.

Selected two or more initial position, the volume ratio of different semi-solid materials before shaping of described regulation and control, be to transfer to required separately volume, and be prepared into the semi-solid material ingot blank simultaneously by different materials with selected two or more; The pressure chamber that the embryo ingot of different semi-solid materials is put into die casting machine by required definite position sequences again; Or after earlier different semi-solid material ingot blanks being pressed desired location distribution pre-compaction forming, the required angle of compound faying face that forms when the precompressed by different semi-solid materials is put into precompressed embryo ingot the pressure chamber of die casting machine again.

Selected two or more initial position, the volume ratio of different semi-solid materials before shaping of described regulation and control, be by selected two or more different materials is transferred to required separately volume, and be prepared into the semi-solid material ingot blank simultaneously; Again the embryo ingot of different semi-solid materials being put into the forging equipment mold cavity by required definite position sequences; Or after earlier different semi-solid material ingot blanks being pressed desired location distribution pre-compaction forming, the required angle of compound faying face that forms when the precompressed by different semi-solid materials is put into the forging equipment mold cavity to precompressed embryo ingot again.

Before selected various different semi-solid materials together are pressed into same mold cavity, carry out precompressed earlier.Precompressed is the stock that different semi-solid materials is made to be put into be in the pre-pressing mold of opening, again with the closed precompressed of pre-pressing mold high speed; Pre-pressing mold is in the attemperator with gradient temperature field; The precompressed mold cavity is cylindrical, and the mould shell is opened along inner chamber center of circle divergence line.

Selected two or more initial position, the volume ratio of different semi-solid materials before shaping of described regulation and control, be by presetting two above semi-solid-state injection molding equipment and regulating and control it and the position of shaping dies, and the flow direction of running channel in the regulation and control shaping dies, promptly regulate and control the variant semi solid slurry position before the injection moulding; The different semi solid slurries that to make simultaneously in semi-solid-state injection molding equipment separately are injection molding together, and slurry is converged in running channel at a certain angle, forms semisolid compound fluid arranged side by side and fills mold cavity.

Selected various different semi-solid materials together are pressed into same mold cavity, be to exert pressure by die casting machine or forging equipment or semi-solid-state injection molding equipment, various different semi-solid materials together are pressed into same mold cavity under pressure promotes, different semi-solid materials flow jointly, formation has the compound semisolid fluid of Laminar Flow feature, and high speed shear flows to charge into and finishes cavity filling process in the mold cavity.

The invention provides a kind of technology, goods difference in functionality position is made up of different materials, make functional part have corresponding good functional characteristic, good complex tissue and composite performance with semi-solid state forming technique machining composite material goods.Owing to can merge mutually between the liquid between different semi-solid materials, but fusion process is limited in one deck very shallow under the compound faying face by equally distributed solid particle again, so different materials can keep independent, and has good compound interface.Because semi-solid material has laminar flow characteristic when high speed shear flows, different semi-solid materials are in cavity filling process and fill type and finish still to appoint and can keep filling residing relative position before the type, even running channel narrow, that have bend can not make different semi-solid materials twist together yet.Therefore, special flow dynamic characteristic and composite attribute that this method utilizes semi-solid material to have, the method by semi-solid-state shaping of the present invention two or more semi-solid materials simultaneously pressure be packed in the mold cavity, realize the compound of different materials.The back goods that are shaped have the good feature that machining shape complexity, functional part have material, complex tissue and the performance of corresponding function requirement.

Description of drawings

For convenience of description, Fig. 1-Fig. 8 all adopts the same coordinate system.Coordinate system as shown in Fig. 1 a, direction is the plumb line direction vertically upward, the plane vertical with the plumb line direction is horizontal plane.Because coordinate system is unified, marks the coordinate system in Fig. 1 a, all no longer describes coordinate system among other figure.

Label 3,4 represents respectively two kinds of different semi-solid materials among Fig. 1 Fig. 1 a-d.

Label

1,2 represents respectively to become and cuts The entrance of the square fluid passage of face and outlet. Label 6,7 represent respectively variable cross-section circular fluid passages entrance with go out Mouthful. Label 5 represents the mixed binding face that two kinds of semi-solid materials form when flowing. Each component has been described semi-solid bonding stream Situation when body flows through by circle or square variable-section passage from lower to upper. Fig. 1 a is at entrance 1 place, two kinds of semisolids Material is arranged about being along entrance 1 flow direction, and mixed binding face 5 is parallel with horizontal plane. Because Laminar Flow, Compound semisolid flow cross the square variable-section passage and turned to 90 degree curved after, mixed binding face 5 is in outlet 2 places and outlet Flow direction is parallel, and is vertical with horizontal plane. Because mixed binding face 5 does not rotate, therefore two kinds of semi-solid materials are along entering About still being, arranges mouth 1 flow direction. Fig. 1 b is at entrance 1 place, about two kinds of semi-solid material streamwises are Arrange, mixed binding face 5 is vertical with horizontal plane. Because Laminar Flow, compound semisolid fluid is flowing through square change Cross-sectional passage and turned to 90 degree curved after, mixed binding face 5 is parallel with the outlet flow direction at outlet 2 places, and is vertical with horizontal plane Directly. Because the mixed binding face is gone for a stroll and has been turned to an angle of 90 degrees, so bi-material is in tandem along entrance 1 flow direction. Figure 1c arranges about two kinds of semi-solid materials are along entrance 6 flow directions at entrance 6 places, and mixed binding face 5 is flat with horizontal plane OK. Because Laminar Flow, compound semisolid flow cross circular variable cross-section passage and turned to 90 degree curved after, compound Faying face 5 is parallel with the outlet flow direction at outlet 7 places, and is vertical with horizontal plane. Because the mixed binding face does not rotate, Therefore arrange about two kinds of semi-solid materials still are along entrance 6 flow directions. Fig. 1 d is at entrance 6 places, and two and half is solid The attitude material is up and down along entrance 6 flow directions to be arranged, and mixed binding face 5 is vertical with horizontal plane. Because Laminar Flow, Compound semisolid fluid flow through the square variable-section passage and turned to 90 the degree curved after, mixed binding face 5 the outlet 7 places with go out The mouth flow direction is parallel, and is vertical with horizontal plane. Because the mixed binding face is gone for a stroll and has been turned to an angle of 90 degrees, so the bi-material edge Entrance 6 flow directions are in tandem.

Visible when mixed binding face and bend center line place plane parallel among the figure, through mixed binding face angle behind the bend not Change, such as Fig. 1 a, c; When the mixed binding face is vertical with plane, bend center line place, through behind the bend, mixed binding Face can turn 90 degrees, such as Fig. 1 b, d. This figure is intended to illustrate when two or more semi-solid materials flows together with parallel mode, The semi-solid bonding fluid keeps the laminar flow shape when flowing into wide space by roomy space inflow small space or by narrow space Attitude still is between different materials and column distribution, and position relationship arranged side by side is not subjected to the cross section of fluid channel shape to affect shadow with the bend corner Ring.

Fig. 2 number in the figure 8,9,14,15,16 represent respectively different semi-solid materials. Label 5 is mixed binding Face. Label 12 is the compression mod mold parting surface, and mold parting surface 12 is perpendicular to horizontal plane. Left side cylinder 10 in the component, 17,19th, the cylindric semi-solid material that is made up of different semi-solid materials makes up the embryo ingot; Right side goods 11,13 in the component, 18,20th, the die casting after being shaped, upside cuboid with holes is the foundry goods body, remaining part by the lower-left to upper right is respectively Press the pressure in the surplus and running channel of pressure in the chamber surplus; Press casting procedure is referring to Fig. 6. Semi-solid material 8 and 9 is being pressed chamber 60 among Fig. 2 a It is middle that flow direction is up and down side by side distribution in the chamber along pressing. In press casting procedure, owing to compound half of two kinds of semi-solid materials formation When solid fluid entered in the mold cavity through running channel, mixed binding face 5 was parallel with die cavity entrance flow direction, with the mould somatotype Face 12 is parallel, therefore keeps positive and negative arranged side by side at the complete rear bi-material of die casting in the mold parting surface vertical direction of die casting Distribute. Fig. 2 b and Fig. 2 a difference be when cylindrical embryo ingot 10 behind the rotation axes of symmetry 90-degree rotation, storeroom is compound Faying face 5 changes with the angular relationship of mold parting surface 12. Two kinds of semi-solid materials streamwise in pressing chamber 60 About being and column distribution; When compound semisolid fluid enters in the mold cavity, mixed binding face 5 and die cavity entrance flow direction Parallel, vertical with mold parting surface 12. Therefore, after die casting is complete, form take mold parting surface to level in the side of flowing Upwards present and be distributed in side by side die casting about bi-material. Three kinds of

materials

14,15,16 edge stream in pressing the chamber among Fig. 2 c Moving direction is left, center, right and column distribution; When compound semisolid fluid enters in the mold cavity, hang down with mold parting surface 12 Directly. But because the impact of die surface frictional resistance, semisolid fluid center is flowed fast; Fluid near die surface Flowing velocity is slow. Semi-solid material 15 prominent front distributions in the middle of causing, and the semi-solid material on the limit distributes 14,16 more In the back, thus mixed binding face 5 form an acute angle with die cavity entrance flow direction parallel deviate relation. Complete in die casting Bi Housan kind material still remains on take mold parting surface to level on flow direction left, center, right on foundry goods 18 arranged side by side The state that distributes, but distribution proportion difference to some extent before and after three kinds of materials. Three kinds of

materials

14,15,16 are being pressed the chamber among Fig. 2 d In streamwise be front in after tandem distribute; When compound semisolid fluid enters in the mold cavity, mixed binding face 5 and type The chamber entrance perpendicular direction that flows, vertical with mold parting surface 12, three kinds of materials still remain in the die cavity on die casting 20 Tandem distribution on the flow direction. But because the impact of die surface frictional resistance, flow in semisolid fluid center Hurry up; Fluid-flow rate near die surface is slow. Distribute before semi-solid material in the middle of causing is prominent, and the semisolid on the limit Material then is distributed in the back. Storeroom mixed binding face also becomes forward outstanding curved surface by the plane. Therefore, complete in die casting After, three kinds of materials still keep the tandem distribution on die casting 20, but the mixed binding face is curved surface.

Fig. 2 explanation is when feeding, and the position of mixed binding face and direction are by the pendulum of pressing semi-solid material embryo ingot in the chamber in the goods Put that the angle of position and storeroom faying face and mould determines. Therefore, in the feeding procedure of die casting, must control every kind half Position and angle that solid-state material embryo ingot is put in pressing the chamber. Fig. 2 c, 2d have illustrated that the die surface friction is to semi-solid material Flow and the impact of material distributing position in composite article.

Fig. 3 number in the figure 21,22 represents respectively two kinds of semi-solid materials. Label 5 is the mixed binding face. Label 23 is The forging die mold parting surface, mold parting surface 23 is parallel with horizontal plane. 25,27 representatives of upside cylinder are by two kinds in the component The compound embryo ingot of a cylindrical semi-solid material that semi-solid material up and down or left and right and column distribution consist of; Downside half in the component Solid-state forging 24,26,28th down moves by patrix, makes the mould closure, outwards pushes simultaneously semi-solid material downwards The hub-like goods that the embryo ingot shape becomes, process is referring to Fig. 7. Forged and pressed the Cheng Qian among Fig. 3 a, because two kinds of semi-solid materials are being forged Be in up and down state arranged side by side in the pressing mold die cavity, when compound semisolid fluid flows in mold cavity in the forging and pressing process, composite junction It is parallel with the mold parting surface 23 of level to close face 5, also parallel with flow direction in the mold cavity. Therefore after forging and pressing are complete Bi-material still keeps abreast of distribution at the mold parting surface above-below direction of forging, and mixed binding face 5 is parallel with horizontal plane. Forging and pressing the Cheng Qian among Fig. 3 b, because two kinds of semi-solid materials are in front and back and column distribution in the forging die die cavity, compound half When solid fluid flowed in mold cavity, mixed binding face 5 was vertical with the mold parting surface 23 of level, and crossed embryo ingot 27 Rotation axes of symmetry. Therefore still keep abreast of state at the complete rear bi-material of forging and pressing at the fore-and-aft direction of forging, in the forging Mixed binding face 5 is vertical with horizontal plane, and crosses the rotation axes of symmetry of embryo ingot 27. Fig. 3 c and Fig. 3 b are similar, difference Be in the normal of cylindrical composite embryo ingot 27 winding mold tool die joints and rotated 90 degree. Therefore, different materials is at forging 28 In the mixed binding face of distribution also rotated 90 degree, about bi-material is and column distribution.

Fig. 3 explanation is when feeding, and the position of mixed binding face and direction are by semi-solid material embryo in the forging die die cavity in the goods The angle of the putting position of ingot and storeroom faying face and mould determines. Therefore, at the feeding procedure of semisolid die forging, must Must control position and angle that semi-solid material embryo ingot is put.

This figure of Fig. 4 has illustrated the process with semi-solid-state injection molding processes composite product. Label 29 among Fig. 4 a Represent that single screw rod stirs the thixotropic injection device, in order to show agitating device and semi solid slurry, teeter chamber and load coil Cut open by a horizontal cross-section of crossing symmetry axis;

Label

30 and 34 represents respectively two kinds of different semi-solid materials. Label 36 Be expressed as mould, for outstanding goods, mould 36 is here cut by section. Upper left corner enlarged drawing has shown and has watered among the figure The road near zone, goods are cut perpendicular to the plane of width by one. Label 35 expression injection mold mold parting surfaces, Mold parting surface is vertical.

Label

31 and 33 represents respectively the cross gate in the mould, the vertical running channel in the label 32 expression moulds, It is respectively compound by the injection moulding that

material

30 and 34 forms that label 37 is illustrated on mold parting surface 35 vertical direction positive and negative Material product. Two single screw rod stirring thixotropic injection devices 29 are staggered relatively.

Semi-solid material

30 and 34 is respectively at two Single screw rod stirs in the thixotropic injection device 29 and prepares, and so latter two injection device is injected simultaneously. Two strands of semisolid streams Body converges in vertical running channel 32 through

cross gate

31,33, forms the compound semisolid fluid that flows side by side. At the semisolid fluid The mixed binding face 5 that forms when converging is vertical with fluid flow direction in the cross gate; Enter vertical running channel 32 and enter foundry goods During 37 mold cavity, the compound fluid streamwise flows side by side; Mixed binding face 5 is parallel with die cavity entrance flow direction, Parallel with mold parting surface 35. Fill on the complete rear formation of type and mold parting surface 35 vertical direction positive and negative respectively by

semisolid Material

30 and 34 composite products 37 that form. The single screw rod of label 29 expressions stirs the thixotropic injection device among Fig. 4 b, Two single screw rods stir thixotropic injection device 29 cocurrent and parallels and arrange. In order to show agitating device and semi-solid material, stir Chamber and load coil are cut open by a horizontal cross-section of crossing symmetry axis.

Label

30 and 34 represents respectively two kinds of different partly consolidating The attitude material. Label 42 expression injection mold moulds, mold parting surface 41 is vertical with horizontal plane, for outstanding goods, mould Tool is here cut by section.

Label

38 and 43 represents respectively the cross gate in the mould, indulging in the label 39 expression moulds Running channel, label 40 expression take mold parting surface 41 as level at the upper left right half of flow direction respectively by semi-solid material 30 With the 34 injection moulding composite products that form.

Semi-solid material

30 and 34 stirs thixotroping at two single screw rods respectively and annotates Prepare in the injection device 29, so latter two injection device is injected simultaneously. Different from Fig. 4 a is that semi-solid material is vertical When running channel converged, mixed binding face 5 was parallel with flow direction, and is vertical with mold parting surface. Therefore, composite product 40 In material take mold parting surface 41 as level at the upper left cloth that parts on the right side of flow direction.

Fig. 4 shows the flow direction by the position relationship of default injection molding equipment and shaping dies and regulation and control mould running channel, just The angle that control semi-solid material cross gate converges and semi-solid material flow into the initial side by side position of vertical running channel and mold cavity Put, thereby determined position and the direction of mixed binding face in the goods.

Fig. 5 has described pre-press equipment, precompressed process and the filler process of semi-solid-state shaping machining composite material goods.

Fig. 5 a is the compound embryo ingot of semi-solid material prepressing device schematic diagram.

Label

45 and 47 is the holding furnace 44 interior left and right sides Heater. For outstanding holding furnace inside, body of heater 44 is here cut by section among the figure. Because left side heater 45 compares More than 47 one of right side heaters, so temperature is also than right side temperature height. Label 48 is a pair of pre-pressing die, mould among this figure Be in opening.

Label

46,49,50 are respectively the stock for three kinds of different semi-solid materials of precompressed. Fig. 5 b Middle pre-pressing die 48 is at a high speed closed under external force, and semi-solid material stock among Fig. 5 a 46,49,50 is pressed into the semisolid material Expect compound embryo ingot 51. Pre-pressing die 48 is opened among Fig. 5 c, the mechanical arm clip 52 of transhipment embryo ingot be pre-pressed into half The compound embryo ingot 51 of solid-state material picks up, and prepares to transport to former. Fig. 5 d number in the figure 53,54 represents respectively die casting Motor-driven mould, cover half, label 12 expression compression mod mold parting surfaces, the dynamic model cover half is sectioned by section. This figure has described precompressed The mechanical arm clip 52 of rear transhipment embryo ingot feeds die casting to the compound embryo ingot 51 of semi-solid material that is pre-pressed into by certain angle Machine is pressed the process of chamber 55. Mixed binding face 5 horizontal plane in pressing the chamber is parallel, and is vertical with mold parting surface 12. Fig. 5 e Number in the figure 56,58 represents respectively the forging die patrix, counterdie, and label 23 expression forging die mold parting surfaces have been described pre-The mechanical arm clip 52 of transhipment embryo ingot is forged the compound embryo ingot 51 of semi-solid material that is pre-pressed into after pressing by certain angle feeding Process in the die cavity 57 of

compression mould

56,58. Mixed binding face 5 is vertical with forging die mold parting surface 23, and overwinding Turn to the symmetry axis axis.

Fig. 6 has described the semisolid press casting procedure.

Fig. 6 a is a die casting machine system schematic.System presses chamber 60 by drift 59, movable slider 62, and running channel 63, mold cavity 64, overflow launder 65, dynamic model 66, cover half 67 is formed, wherein the rectangle article shape of the center band circular hole that is shaped as the thick 200mm-100mm-20mm of being respectively of length and width of mold cavity 64.Label 12 is represented compression mod mould die joint, and the mould die joint is vertical with horizontal plane.Label 61 is represented two kinds of different semi-solid materials (being A356 aluminium alloy and 6061/SiC-20% particle reinforced aluminum alloy based composites in example explanation 1) respectively with label 69.Label 68 is cylindric compound embryo ingots that

semi-solid material stock

61,69 is formed.When this figure has described feeding, each parts institute position of system.Fig. 6 b describes the die casting machine cavity filling process.Drift 59 pushes

semi-solid material

61 and 69 in the mold cavity at a high speed, and formation has on mould die joint 12 vertical direction positive and negative respectively by 61 and 69 two kind of composite product that material is formed.Fig. 6 c has described the process that goods are taken out in the die casting machine die sinking.

Semi-solid material

61 and 69 streamwise in pressing chamber 60 is up and down distribution side by side among the figure, and this moment, compound faying face 5 levels were vertical with mould die joint 12.In press casting procedure, compound semisolid fluid flows through running channel 63 and has changeed when 90 degree are curved to be entered in the mold cavity 64, and compound faying face 5 rotates 90 degree.Compound faying face 5 is parallel with mould die joint 12 when entering mold cavity, and is parallel with die cavity inlet flow direction.Therefore keep positive and negative and column distribution at the die casting back two kinds of materials that finish in the direction vertical of die casting with the mould die joint.

Fig. 7 has described the semisolid forging process.

Fig. 7 a is a forging equipment system schematic.System is by counterdie 71, patrix 76, and mold cavity 72 is formed, and wherein the shape of mold cavity 72 is that diameter is the hub-like article shape of 750mm.Label 73 is respectively two kinds of different semi-solid materials (in example explanation 2 are 304 stainless steels and M2 tool steel) with label 74.Label 75 is compound embryo ingots that

semi-solid material stock

73,74 is formed.Label 23 is forging die mould die joints, and the mould die joint is parallel with horizontal plane.This figure die forging equipment is in the feeding die sinking stage.Fig. 7 b has described forging equipment forging and pressing process.Patrix 76 is pressed into

semisolid stock

73 and 74 in the mold cavity 72 at a high speed, and formation has on 23 vertical direction of mould somatotype positive and negative both sides respectively by 73 and 74 two kind of composite product 77 that material is formed.This figure of Fig. 7 c has described the process that composite product 77 is taken out in the forging equipment die sinking.

Forged and pressed the Cheng Qian among the figure, because two kinds of

semicircle attitude materials

73,74 are in up and down state side by side in forging die die cavity 72, when compound semisolid fluid flows in mold cavity, compound faying face 5 is parallel with the mould die joint 23 of level, and is vertical with the rotation axes of symmetry of embryo ingot 75.Therefore form positive and negative and column distribution at the forging and pressing back two kinds of materials that finish in the mould die joint 23 vertical directions of forging, compound faying face 5 is parallel with horizontal plane.

This figure of Fig. 8 has described the process that stirs the lid shape goods that the processing of thixotropic injection devices is made up of two kinds of materials respectively inside and outside on the thickness direction with two single screw rods.The single screw rod of label 29 representatives stirs the thixotropic injection device;

Label

78,79 is represented two kinds of different semi-solid materials respectively;

Label

31 and 33 is represented the cross gate in the mould respectively, the vertical running channel in the label 32 expression moulds, and label 36 is represented the injection mould mould; Label 80 is represented mold cavity; Label 35 is represented injection mold mould die joint; Label 81 is illustrated in the positive and negative injection moulding goods of being made up of

semi-solid material

78 and 79 respectively on the thickness direction.(two kinds of different materials are respectively A356 aluminium alloy and AZ91 magnesium alloy in the example 3).Fig. 8 a has described process of injection molding, and Fig. 8 b has described the process that goods are taken out in die sinking.

Two strands of

semisolid fluids

78,79 converge in vertical running channel 32 through

cross gate

31,33 among Fig. 8 a, form the compound semisolid fluid that flows side by side.The compound faying face that forms when the semisolid fluid converges is vertical with fluid flow direction in the cross gate; After entering vertical running channel 32, the compound fluid streamwise flows side by side, and compound faying face is parallel with die cavity inlet flow direction, and is parallel with mould die joint 35.Fill type finish the back form with mould die joint 35 vertical direction on the composite product 81 formed by

semi-solid material

78 and 79 respectively of positive and negative.

The specific embodiment

Accompanying drawings is as follows:

One, the selection of material

In order to form composite in the semi-solid-state shaping process, this method need be selected two or more semi-solid materials for use, forms the goods with complex tissue feature by the pressure forming process.The selection of material should be followed following principle:

1. select the material that can be used for semi-solid-state shaping for use.After certain method processing, selected material is when the temperature that is between the solid-liquid phase line, and the graininess solid phase that can reach non-dendrite is evenly distributed on the combined state that forms the solid-liquid coexistence in the liquid phase.When the solid volume ratio was 25%～85% in the material, apparent viscosity was low when the material of this solid-liquid coexistence was out of shape under the high shear strain rate, and good fluidity can be used for die casting, die forging, injection moulding equal pressure forming process.For example, A356 alusil alloy, A390 alusil alloy, AZ31 magnesium alloy, 304 stainless steels, M2 tool steel, rich chromium cast iron, particles reiforced metal-base composition etc.

2. select two or more materials for use, the performance of material should have complementarity.For example A356 and aluminium base SiC particulate reinforced composite, one of them good toughness, good economy performance; A wearability is good, and comprehensive mechanical property is good.Both are compound, A356 aluminium alloy good combination property, and cost is low; The aluminium base particulate reinforced composite of 6061/SiC-20% is wear-resisting, the elastic modelling quantity height, but cost is very high.And for example 304 stainless steels and M2 tool steel are compound, and M2 can increase the wearability of wearing part; 304 stainless steels can increase the toughness of non-wear-resisting part.

3. differ can not be too big for the semi-solid state of storeroom temperature of living in.Behind semi-solid-state shaping, the heat that a kind of material can not occur melts another kind of material fully, causes the failure that is shaped.

Two, the preparation of semi-solid material

The semi-solid material processing method can be divided into three kinds according to primary crystal structure refinement process.First kind is to stir to solidify to promote that primary phase develops into non-dendritic crystalline fine particle.Stirring comprises that mechanical agitation, electromagnetic agitation, vibration of ultrasonic wave, pressure liquid produce methods such as turbulent flow.After semi-solid material forms, can directly carry out rheological molding without solidifying, also solidifiable is carried out thixotropic forming after becoming post bake behind the ingot casting, slaking.Representational method has United States Patent (USP) 3,948, and 650 and United States Patent (USP) 4,229,210.

Second kind is by promoting forming core, make the primary crystal microstructure Evolution become the tiny dendrite that waits axle, making dendrite be evolved into non-dendritic crystalline particle by maturing process then.Promote the method for forming core to have high undercooling to solidify, add grain refiner, rapid solidification solidifies the increase nucleus by the multistage.Representational method has spray casting (Spray cast) to form solid granulates in conjunction with thixotropic forming or screw rod thixotropic injection moulding, new rheological molding.Representational document has; United States Patent (USP) 4,681,787; United States Patent (USP) 5,040,589; United States Patent (USP) 6,165,411; With Materials Science and Engineering A 367 (2004) 261-271.

The third is by plastic deformation, makes material present processing shape tissue.Because the processing shape organizes crystal grain tiny, the energy storage height after heating, slaking, can obtain having the semi-solid material of tiny granular solids.Representational method is that stress-induced melt activates thixotropic forming, as United States Patent (USP) 4,415,374.

As indicated above, according to the technical process of semi-solid material, can be divided into rheological molding semi-solid material and thixotropic forming semi-solid material.Difference is that rheological molding is directly to be shaped by the semi-solid material that settable liquid forms, and thixotropic forming is to be shaped by the semi-solid material that forms after solid-state embryo ingot post bake, the slaking.

Should be emphasized that various semi-solid materials must reach the state that can carry out the semisolid pressure processing simultaneously, so that various semi-solid material carries out semisolid pressure forming simultaneously.Because therefore the best semi-solid-state shaping temperature difference of every kind of material, should be heated to its best semi-solid-state shaping temperature to semi-solid material respectively, and then implement semi-solid-state shaping processing.

Three, semi-solid material is filled mold process and flow performance

Semi-solid material has very high apparent viscosity with respect to fluent material, can keep the flow performance of laminar flow under the high speed shear distortion.When two or more semi-solid materials flows together with parallel mode or serial mode, when fluid flows into wide space by roomy space inflow small space or by narrow space, because fluid is laminar condition, still keep abreast of distribution or tandem between different materials and distribute (referring to Fig. 1), can not produce storeroom and twine.

Therefore, the present invention injects same mold cavity to some kinds of semi-solid materials with pressure simultaneously, by controlling initial position, the shared volume ratio of various semi-solid materials before processing, the position and the angular relationship of compound faying face and running channel or mold cavity when the control material flows into mould running channel or die cavity, realize the different semi-solid materials of control position after having filled die cavity, reach the effect that control material position in composite product is distributed in volume ratio.

Two or more semi-solid materials are comprised semisolid die casting with the method that pressure injects same mold cavity simultaneously, as Fig. 2; Semisolid die forging is as Fig. 3; The semisolid injection process is as Fig. 4; Deng.

There is very big frictional resistance between semi-solid material flow process and mould.When the semisolid fluid flowed in running channel, die cavity, the fluid center flow was fast, and the surface that contacts with mould is flowed slow.In the compound embryo ingot of the semi-solid material of tandem die casting cavity filling process, the center of the straight compound faying face of storeroom can be given prominence to, and forms cambered surface, shown in Fig. 2 d.Compound for the multilayer semi-solid material, the semi-solid material in the middle of being positioned at is because the resistance that is subjected to is little, before corresponding meeting is dashed forward in goods, shown in Fig. 2 c.Therefore, in goods, during distributing position, impel the semi-solid material on the die surface to quicken to flow, make inhomogeneous mobile phenomenon reduction by the punch shape of band central recess at the control material.

Often has different apparent viscosities for different semi-solid materials flowing.The semi-solid material that apparent viscosity is high flows slow, and friction is big between mould; The semi-solid material that apparent viscosity is low flows fast, and friction is little between mould.When two kinds of different semi-solid materials of apparent viscosity flowed together, the semi-solid material that apparent viscosity is low can distribute some more in the fluid flow front, and distributes less at mobile rear portion.In this case, Fig. 2 a, b, Fig. 3 a, b, c and Fig. 4 a, the compound faying face among the b can depart from the plane of symmetry, to the big side's deflection of material apparent viscosity.Therefore, design by mold cavity, enlarge the area of section of the high semi-solid material flow passage of apparent viscosity, impel the high semi-solid material of apparent viscosity to accelerate to flow, it is even to make whole goods fill type.

Four, precompressed process

In the semisolid press casting procedure, for simple composite, as two simple tandems of ingot casting or arranged side by side, perhaps the shape of semi-solid material embryo ingot is fit to, and as Fig. 2 a, shown in the 2b, semi-solid material embryo ingot is directly put into die casting machine by the certain position arrangement and pressed the chamber to carry out die casting.Several semi-solid material embryo of punch holder ingot pushes away forward in the pressure chamber, makes semi-solid material pressurized in the sealing cavity volume that drift and pressure chamber interior walls are formed compound.In the semisolid die forging process, there is not running channel in forging apparatus, and semisolid embryo ingot is tandem or place side by side simply, the pressure of the generation by the forging equipment die cavity, and it is compound that storeroom is formed.

Yet, many for compound material requested kind number, the composite present position is irregular, can not be simply finish semi-solid material in the shaping prelocalization by die casting machine or the extruding of die forging mechanism, then can be before the embryo ingot be put into semi-solid-state shaping equipment, semi-solid material embryo ingot is carried out precompressed, form just and the compound embryo ingot of the semi-solid material of mechanical arm clamping, and then the compound embryo ingot of semi-solid material is put into pressure forming equipment.Therefore, precompressed process is one makes different semi-solid materials location process on compound embryo ingot.By controlling volume ratio, the position of every kind of material on the compound embryo ingot of semi-solid material, with distribution of material preposition in the goods, realize compound purpose and requirement through the flow forming process.Detailed process is referring to Fig. 5.

Semi-solid material precompressed set composite should have following structure and function: 1, the size of the compound embryo ingot of semi-solid material presses the size of chamber, die forging machine die cavity to conform to die casting machine after the precompressed.2, because the desirable processing temperature of different semi-solid material is different, therefore compound preceding temperature is also different.In order to prevent that the semi-solid material temperature from changing in the precompressed process, can take suitable insulation measure to the semi-solid material embryo ingot before the precompressed.3, it is high that precompressed process shear rate is wanted, and the material apparent viscosity is reduced, and is convenient to pre-compaction forming.4, should shorten the time of compound embryo ingot feeding building mortion process after the precompressed as far as possible, significant change not take place to guarantee semi-solid material temperature after precompressed.

Simple pre-press equipment has been described in the schematic diagram 5.Comprise heat-preserving equipment 44, the compound embryo ingot transhipment of pre-pressing mold 48 and semi-solid material mechanical arm chucking device 52.For different semi-solid

material embryo ingots

46,49,50 can be stacked calmly, the present invention adopts heat-preserving equipment that material is incubated.In the heat-preserving equipment 44, the temperature field has certain gradient, and temperature end is a little more than the forming temperature of the high semi-solid material of forming temperature, and low-temperature end is a little less than the forming temperature of the low semi-solid material of forming temperature.Semi-solid material embryo ingot with higher forming temperature is placed on high temperature side, and the semi-solid material embryo ingot with low forming temperature is placed on low temperature side.Can make semi-solid material keep best forming temperature like this, make the precompressed process have long time and operating time.

Prepressing device is made up of one group of folding mould 48.Dies cavity becomes cylindrical when closed, and mould moves along the divergence line in the center of circle during folding.Open mould 48 semi-solid material embryo ingot 46,49,50 is stacked, the rapid closing mould 48 then, and high speed shear makes the semi-solid material distortion, and semi-solid material embryo ingot 46,49,50 forms a cylinder under pressure.The fold that the cylinder upper surface can occur can not influence the pressure forming process usually.In press casting procedure, also can be by the fold place is eliminated facing to the drift filler.Precompressed forms the compound embryo ingot 51 back die sinkings of semi-solid material.With mechanical arm 52 compound embryo ingot 51 is sandwiched die casting machine by angle and press chamber 55, or in the die forging die cavity 57.Because the processing temperature difference of semi-solid material, the precompressed process must be finished in the short period of time, to prevent heat conduction mutually between the different materials, cause the low material temperature of processing temperature to increase, and the high material temperature of temperature reduces.In case of necessity, can allow the low semi-solid material heating-up temperature of optimal process temperature more on the low side, and make the high semi-solid material heating-up temperature of optimal process temperature more higher.Conduct by heat when forming compound embryo ingot 51, make every kind of material reach the optimal process temperature just.

For the compound embryo ingot of the exigent semi-solid material of distribution of material, can cut into semicolumn to material when solid-state or the semisolid, heating respectively, it is compound to carry out precompressed then under semi-solid state.For the compound embryo ingot of the less demanding semi-solid material of distribution of material, can be machined directly to semi-solid state to cylindric material, slaking directly is pressed into a compound embryo ingot of semi-solid material in advance at following several cylindric semi-solid material embryo ingots of semi-solid state then.

Five, semi-solid-state shaping technology

Semi-solid-state shaping process equipment commonly used has various die casting machines, various forging equipments, and various injection devices, or the like.

Six, the feature of compound faying face between composite

Owing to can merge mutually between the liquid of semi-solid material, but fusion process is evenly distributed to such an extent that solid particle is limited in one deck very shallow under the compound faying face again, so different materials can keep independent, and has compound interface well.

There is oxide in original semisolid embryo ingot surface, but the specific area of semisolid embryo ingot is smaller.The oxide of bringing in the precompressed process seldom.These oxides distribute on the compound faying face of storeroom.In the semi-solid-state shaping process, the compound faying face of material can be elongated in shear history, widens.Oxide on the compound faying face can be fractured into graininess, and disperse is on compound faying face, and is little to the mechanical property influence of compound interface.

If by using protective gas to reduce oxidation; The quantity of appropriate design overflow launder and distribution make the oxidiferous boundary material of part overflow matrix by overflow launder, and the influence of oxide will be littler.

Seven, material solidification forming process

When two kinds of semi-solid material contacts, temperature between the two is different.But the semi-solid-state shaping time is very short, and various semi-solid material temperature difference are not very big.Therefore, storeroom conducts heat and can ignore substantially.Stay the mode step section,, exist the heat conduction can not cause the fusing of low temperature semi-solid material vast scale near two kinds of semi-solid material contact-making surfaces, can the recombination process of material not had a negative impact because mould has absorbed a large amount of heat.

Eight, forming technology

The semi-solid material preparation method has rheological molding, thixotropic forming, semi-solid material injection moulding three classes.Processing mode has die casting, die forging, injection moulding.In order to realize that preparing composite product with semi-solid-state shaping technology can adopt following three kinds of flow processs:

Flow process one:

First step selected material, preparation semi-solid material embryo ingot.But but semi-solid material embryo ingot should possess rheological molding state or thixotropic forming state simultaneously.

Second step put into die casting machine to two or more semi-solid material embryo ingots according to certain arrangement mode and presses the chamber.If be difficult to directly semi-solid material be put into the situation of pressing the chamber by certain arrangement mode, can adopt precompressed to prepare the compound embryo ingot of semi-solid material, by certain angle compound embryo ingot is put into again and pressed the chamber.

The compound embryo ingot casting forming of the 3rd step by forming with die casting machine drift semi-solid material.

The 4th step was taken out goods after treating that goods solidify fully.

Flow process two:

The first step prepares semi-solid material shape embryo ingot.Concrete steps are identical with method in the flow process one.

Second step was put into the forging equipment mould to two or more semi-solid material embryo ingots according to certain arrangement mode.If be difficult to directly semi-solid material is put into the situation of forging equipment mold cavity by certain arrangement mode, can adopt precompressed to prepare the compound embryo ingot of semi-solid material, by certain angle compound embryo ingot is put into the forging equipment mould again.

The 3rd step forging equipment is the compound embryo ingot of semi-solid material excellent suitability for press forming.

The 4th step was taken out goods after treating that goods solidify fully.

Flow process three:

The first step prepares semi solid slurry simultaneously with the semisolid injection device.

The second step semisolid injection device is injected semi solid slurry simultaneously, and slurry converges in running channel, forms the compound semisolid fluid that flows side by side.

The 3rd step, compound semisolid fluid was injected in the die cavity, was full of die cavity.

The 4th step was taken out goods after treating that goods solidify fully from mould.

More than common ground in three kinds of flow processs be that two or more semi-solid materials are injected same mold cavity by while pressure and the final die cavity of filling is shaped, semi-solid material forms combined state under pressure.Difference is that material forms the time of combined state.For the semisolid press casting procedure, the semi-solid material recombination process can be finished in semi-solid material embryo ingot preparation process, also can be that semi-solid material is finished under the pressure by drift and the formation of pressure chamber in pressing the chamber; For the semisolid forging process, the semi-solid material recombination process can be finished in semi-solid material embryo ingot preparation process, also can be that semi-solid material is finished under the closed pressure that forms of forging die cavity; For the semisolid process of injection molding, the semi-solid material recombination process then is to finish in the running channel that the semisolid fluid converges.

Embodiment 1

The thick rectangle goods that are respectively 200-100-20 of thixotroping compression casting forming technique (Thixo-diecasting) processing length and width, individual circular port is arranged in the middle of the goods, constitute (as Fig. 2, shown in 6) by A356 aluminium alloy and the aluminium base particulate reinforced composite of 6061/SiC-20% respectively along positive and negative on the direction vertical with the mould die joint.A356 aluminium alloy good combination property, cost is low; The aluminium base particulate reinforced composite of 6061/SiC-20% is wear-resisting, the elastic modelling quantity height, but cost is very high.

Step 1: selected material.The aluminium base particulate reinforced composite of A356 aluminium alloy and 6061/SiC-20% all is the material that is suitable for semi-solid-state shaping.The best semi-solid-state shaping temperature of A356 aluminium alloy is 575-590 degree centigrade, and the best semi-solid-state shaping temperature of the aluminium base particulate reinforced composite of 6061/SiC-20% is 640-655 degree centigrade.

Step 2: preparation semi-solid material.By prepare the ingot casting of A356 aluminium alloy with the electromagnetic agitation semi-continuous casting.The ingot casting diameter is 76mm.Owing in the process of setting strong stirring is arranged, the primary crystal in the A356 aluminium alloy cast ingot is organized as the tiny dendrite that waits axle.By processing the aluminium base particulate reinforced composite ingot casting of 6061/SiC-20% with reaction-injection moulding (Spray casting).The ingot casting diameter is 76mm.Because SiC disperses to inject liquid particles, while alloy rapid solidification, so material has tiny aluminium alloy primary crystal tissue and equally distributed SiC particle.

Step 3: from the A356 ingot casting, downcut the long stock of 150mm, stock is split into two semi-cylindrical embryo ingots, and embryo ingot 61 is heated to 575 degrees centigrade and slaking with eddy-current heating; Downcut the long stock of 150mm from the aluminium base particulate reinforced composite ingot casting of 6061/SiC-20%, stock is split into two semi-cylindrical embryo ingots, and embryo ingot 69 is heated to 655 degrees centigrade and slaking with eddy-current heating.Two heating processes are carried out simultaneously.

Step 4:, therefore after heating is finished, directly the semisolid embryo ingot of two semicolumns is put into 800 tonnes of die casting machines and press indoor because the semisolid embryo ingot of two semicolumns can synthesize a cylinder 68.Die-casting system with the die casting machine shown in Fig. 6 is an example: be made up of different materials in order to ensure two kinds of materials tow sides on thickness direction in the goods, two kinds of semi-solid

material embryo ingots

61,69 are pressed chamber 60 by putting into up and down.Because the temperature of A356 aluminium alloy semi-solid embryo ingot is than low from the temperature of the aluminium base particulate reinforced composite semisolid of 6061/SiC-20% embryo ingot.Therefore at two kinds of semisolid embryo ingots together the time, A356 semi-solid material embryo ingot can heat up, and can lower the temperature from the aluminium base particulate reinforced composite semisolid of 6061/SiC-20% embryo ingot.Because when heating, A356 aluminium alloy semi-solid material embryo ingot temperature got the optimal process lowest temperature and the aluminium base particulate reinforced composite semisolid of 6061/SiC-20% embryo ingot temperature is got the optimal process temperature upper limit, after heat exchange, two kinds of materials are all near the optimal process temperature.

Step 5: with the speed of 200mm/s, two kinds of

semi-solid materials

61,69 are pressed into mold cavity 64 simultaneously are shaped to 3000mm/s with die casting machine drift 59.Two kinds of semi-solid materials can combine in pressing chamber 60 under the effect of drift pressure, and form the semi-solid material compound fluid with compound faying face 5.Under the continuation extruding of drift 59, compound semisolid fluid is parallel to enter die cavity 64 by running channel 63, and fills up die cavity 65 fully.

Semi-solid material

61 and 69 streamwise in pressing chamber 60 is up and down distribution side by side, compound faying face level at this moment.In press casting procedure, compound semisolid fluid flows through running channel 63 and has changeed when 90 degree are curved to be entered in the mold cavity 64, and compound faying face 5 has also changeed 90 degree, and is parallel with compression mod mould die joint 12, parallel with die cavity inlet flow direction.Therefore on finishing with the mould die joint 12 vertical direction of back two kinds of materials at die casting, die casting keeps positive and negative and column distribution.

Step 6: after treating that goods 69 solidify fully, take out goods.It is surplus to cut pressure.Obtain the composite product that the thickness direction positive and negative is made up of A356 aluminium alloy and the aluminium base particulate reinforced composite of 6061/SiC-20% respectively.

Embodiment 2

Thixotroping forging and molding technology (Thixo-forging) processing hub-like goods.The goods diameter is 750mm, and shape as shown in Figure 3.Along constituting (as shown in Figure 7) by U.S.'s trade mark M2 tool steel and the Japanese trade mark 304 stainless steels respectively with mould die joint vertical direction positive and negative.M2 tool steel high rigidity, high strength, but plasticity is poor, and not anti-corrosion, the cost height; 304 stainless steel plasticity are good, anti-corrosion, but intensity is low.

Step 1: selected material.The M2 tool steel and the 304 stainless steel capital are the materials that are suitable for semi-solid-state shaping.The best semi-solid-state shaping temperature of M2 tool steel is 1330-1375 degree centigrade, and 304 stainless best semi-solid-state shaping temperature are 1395-1420 degree centigrade.

Step 2: preparation semi-solid material embryo ingot.By prepare M2 tool steel and 304 stainless ingot castings respectively with the electromagnetic agitation semi-continuous casting.The ingot casting diameter is 220mm.Owing in the process of setting strong stirring is arranged, the primary crystal in the ingot casting is organized as the tiny dendrite that waits axle.

Step 3: from M2 tool steel ingot casting, downcut the long embryo ingot of 300mm, and embryo ingot 73 is heated to 1340 degrees centigrade and slaking with eddy-current heating; Downcut the long embryo ingot of 300mm from 304 stainless steel ingot castings, and embryo ingot 74 is heated to 1420 degrees centigrade and slaking with eddy-current heating.Two heating and maturing process carry out simultaneously.

Step 4: after heating is finished, directly two cylindrical

semisolid embryo ingot

73,74 upper-lower positions are put into forging die cavity 72 successively.Faying face according to two kinds of semi-solid materials of needs of goods is parallel with the mould die joint.Because the temperature of 304 stainless steel semi-solid material embryo ingots 74 is lower than the temperature of M2 tool steel semisolid embryo ingot 73.Therefore at two kinds of semisolid embryo ingots together the time, 304 stainless steel semi-solid material embryo ingots 74 can heat up, and M2 tool steel semisolid embryo ingot 73 can cooling.Because when heating, 304 stainless steel semi-solid material embryo ingot temperature were got the optimal process lowest temperature and M12 tool steel semisolid embryo ingot temperature is got the optimal process temperature upper limit, after heat exchange, two kinds of materials are all near the optimal process temperature.

Step 5: patrix is depressed to the speed of 3000mm/s with 20mm/s, two kinds of semi-solid material embryo ingots, 73,74 forging and pressing combined shapings.Can in forging die cavity, be combined with each other under two kinds of semi-solid material pressure effects when forging die 76 closures, and fill up die cavity 72 fully.Owing to forged and pressed the Cheng Qian, because two kinds of

semi-solid materials

73,74 are in up and down state side by side in forging die die cavity 72, when compound semisolid fluid flows in mold cavity, compound faying face 5 is parallel with the mould die joint 23 of level, and compound faying face 5 is vertical with the die cavity rotation axes of symmetry.Therefore still keep abreast of distribution at forging and pressing back two kinds of materials positive and negative on the direction vertical that finishes with mould die joint 23.

Step 6: after treating that goods 77 solidify fully, take out goods.Cut overlap.Obtain the hub-like goods that positive and negative is made of M2 tool steel and 304 stainless steels respectively.

Embodiment 3

The shape composite product is covered in the processing of semi-solid-state injection molding technology.The outside constitutes (as Fig. 4 a and shown in Figure 8) by AZ91 magnesium alloy and A356 aluminium alloy respectively in the lid shape composite product.AZ91 magnesium alloy very light weight, but corrosion resistance is bad; The A356 aluminum alloy corrosion resistant is good, can be used on vessel surface.

What this example adopted is single screw rod thixotropic forming injector (Dow thixomoulder) 29.Because the outside is different in the lid shape goods, therefore press injection port staggered relatively for two single screw rod thixotropic forming injector, and two

cross gates

31,33 converge in vertical running channel 32, and vertical running channel 32 and mold cavity 80 make progress, and injection mold die joint 35 is vertical with horizontal plane.As Fig. 4 a and Fig. 8 a, shown in the b.

Step 1: selected material.AZ91 magnesium alloy and A356 aluminium alloy all are the materials that is suitable for semi-solid-state shaping.The best semi-solid-state injection molding temperature of AZ91 magnesium alloy is 530-550 degree centigrade, and the best semi-solid-state injection molding temperature of A356 aluminium alloy is 585-595 degree centigrade

Step 2: prepare A356 aluminium alloy semi-solid slurry 78 and AZ91 magnesium alloy semisolid slurry 79 simultaneously with the semi-solid material injection device.The AZ91 magnesium alloy is 540 degrees centigrade of preparations down, and the A356 aluminium alloy is 590 degrees centigrade of preparations.

Step 3: two injection devices 29 are injected semi

solid slurry

78,79 simultaneously, and slurry converges in vertical running channel 32 through cross gate 31,33.Under pressure, form compound faying face 5 between two kinds of semi-solid materials, flow into vertical running channel and flow into mold cavity 80 with compound semisolid fluid form arranged side by side simultaneously.When compound semisolid fluid entered in the injection moulding model cavity, compound faying face 5 is parallel with flow direction, and was parallel with mould die joint 35.Fill and be formed on the composite product 81 that positive and negative is made up of

semi-solid material

78 and 79 respectively on the direction vertical with the mould die joint after type finishes.

Step 4: compound semisolid fluid is injected in the die cavity, is full of die cavity 80.

Step 5: after treating that goods 81 solidify fully, from mould 36, take out goods.

Claims

1, a kind of material forming method that utilizes semi-solid state forming technique to prepare composite product, it is characterized in that, by regulating and control initial position, the volume ratio of different semi-solid materials before shaping of selected two or more, control the angle of compound faying face between the different semi-solid materials and flow direction and when entering mold cavity and the angle that forms of mould die joint, realize that different semi-solid materials position after having filled mold cavity is provided with, finally reach different materials different position distribution in the composite product of making; Selected various different semi-solid materials together are pressed into same mold cavity,, make composite product after solidifying by die casting or forging and pressing or injection moulding; Described semi-solid material is meant that material is in the state of temperature between the solid-liquid phase line, possesses the graininess solid phase and is evenly distributed in the liquid phase combined state that forms the solid-liquid coexistence, and to account for the volume ratio in the whole material be 25%～85% to solid volume in the material.

2, a kind of material forming method that utilizes semi-solid state forming technique to prepare composite product according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, selected two or more initial position, the volume ratio of different semi-solid materials before shaping of described regulation and control, realize by following steps:

Described two or more different materials is transferred to required separately volume, and be prepared into the semi-solid material ingot blank simultaneously; The pressure chamber that the embryo ingot of different semi-solid materials is put into die casting machine by required definite position sequences again; Or after earlier different semi-solid material ingot blanks being pressed desired location distribution pre-compaction forming, the required angle of compound faying face that forms when the precompressed by different semi-solid materials is put into precompressed embryo ingot the pressure chamber of die casting machine again.

3, a kind of material forming method that utilizes semi-solid state forming technique to prepare composite product according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, selected two or more initial position, the volume ratio of different semi-solid materials before shaping of described regulation and control, realize by following steps:

Described two or more different materials is transferred to required separately volume, and be prepared into the semi-solid material ingot blank simultaneously; Again the embryo ingot of different semi-solid materials being put into the forging equipment mold cavity by required definite position sequences; Or after earlier different semi-solid material ingot blanks being pressed desired location distribution pre-compaction forming, the required angle of compound faying face that forms when the precompressed by different semi-solid materials is put into the forging equipment mold cavity to precompressed embryo ingot again.

4, according to claim 2 or 3 described a kind of material forming methods that utilize semi-solid state forming technique to prepare composite product, it is characterized in that, described precompressed is the stock that different semi-solid materials is made, and puts into to be in the pre-pressing mold of opening, again with the closed precompressed of pre-pressing mold high speed; Pre-pressing mold is in the attemperator with gradient temperature field; The precompressed mold cavity is cylindrical, and the mould shell is opened along inner chamber center of circle divergence line.

5, a kind of material forming method that utilizes semi-solid state forming technique to prepare composite product according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, regulate and control selected two or more initial position, the volume ratio of different semi-solid materials before shaping, realize by following steps:

By default two above semi-solid-state injection molding equipment and regulate and control it and the position of shaping dies, and the flow direction of running channel in the regulation and control shaping dies, promptly regulate and control the preceding variant semi solid slurry position of injection moulding; The different semi solid slurries that to make simultaneously in semi-solid-state injection molding equipment separately are injection molding together, and slurry is converged in running channel at a certain angle, forms semisolid compound fluid arranged side by side and fills mold cavity.

6, a kind of material forming method that utilizes semi-solid state forming technique to prepare composite product according to claim 1 is characterized in that, selected various different semi-solid materials together are pressed into same mold cavity, realizes by following steps:

Exert pressure by die casting machine or forging equipment or semi-solid-state injection molding equipment, various different semi-solid materials together are pressed into same mold cavity under pressure promotes, different semi-solid materials flow jointly, formation has the compound semisolid fluid of Laminar Flow feature, and high speed shear flows to charge into and finishes cavity filling process in the mold cavity.