CN101401962B - Gelatin spherical porous particle material and its preparation method and device - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
一、技术领域 1. Technical field
本发明属于一种应用于生物医学领域的球状颗粒材料的制备技术,具体涉及一种天然聚合物明胶球形多孔颗粒材料的制备方法。The invention belongs to a preparation technology of a spherical granular material applied in the field of biomedicine, and in particular relates to a preparation method of a natural polymer gelatin spherical porous granular material.
二、背景技术 2. Background technology
现有技术:current technology:
明胶是一种将胶原三螺旋结构转化为无规则链而获得的蛋白质,是一种热水可溶的多肽混合物,因而具有生物可降解性及良好的生物相容性。由于具有良好的成膜性,明胶在口服药品的胶囊中得到广泛应用;同时,明胶还具有活化巨噬细胞和止血作用,可用于制造伤口包扎、止血材料和人造皮肤,以及硬组织修复用填充材料。除用来制备块体多孔支架外,明胶也可用于制备颗粒形填充材料。。Gelatin is a protein obtained by converting the collagen triple helix structure into random chains. It is a hot water soluble polypeptide mixture, so it is biodegradable and has good biocompatibility. Due to its good film-forming properties, gelatin is widely used in capsules of oral medicines; at the same time, gelatin also has the effect of activating macrophages and hemostasis, and can be used to make wound dressings, hemostatic materials and artificial skin, as well as filling for hard tissue repair Material. In addition to being used to prepare bulk porous scaffolds, gelatin can also be used to prepare granular filling materials. .
微球材料具有很多不规则颗粒所没有的优异性能,如高的流动性、高的堆积密度、不易团聚、填充后不易引起应力集中等。目前,在牙根管和拔牙窝的充填、牙周病所致牙槽骨吸收的修复、牙槽嵴增高、颌骨骨囊腔填塞、萎缩性鼻炎充填、乳突腔充填、整形(如鞍鼻美容)及以人体骨骼其它部位的骨缺损充填中,微球颗粒填充材料得到广泛应用。聚合物基微球颗粒有多种制备方法,常用的有乳化-化学交联法、乳化-溶剂蒸发法及喷雾干燥法。应用这些方法制备的微球直径分布范围较大,填充密度大,应用于组织填充时,颗粒间的孔隙过少,不利于新生组织的长入。Microsphere materials have excellent properties that many irregular particles do not have, such as high fluidity, high bulk density, not easy to agglomerate, and not easy to cause stress concentration after filling. At present, it is used in the filling of root canals and extraction sockets, the restoration of alveolar bone absorption caused by periodontal disease, the increase of alveolar ridges, the filling of mandibular bone cysts, the filling of atrophic rhinitis, the filling of mastoid cavity, and plastic surgery (such as saddle bone filling). Nose beauty) and bone defect filling in other parts of the human skeleton, microsphere particle filling materials are widely used. There are many preparation methods for polymer-based microsphere particles, and the commonly used methods are emulsification-chemical cross-linking method, emulsification-solvent evaporation method and spray drying method. The microspheres prepared by these methods have a large diameter distribution range and a high packing density. When applied to tissue filling, the pores between the particles are too small, which is not conducive to the growth of new tissues.
三、发明内容 3. Contents of the invention
本发明针对上述技术缺陷,提供了一种制备具有均一分布颗粒直径的明胶球形多孔颗粒材料的制备方法。Aiming at the above-mentioned technical defects, the present invention provides a method for preparing gelatin spherical porous granular materials with uniformly distributed particle diameters.
本发明的技术方案为一种明胶球形多孔颗粒材料,所述的明胶球形多孔颗粒材料的球形颗粒,粒径为φ0.8~4mm,颗粒本体内部为孔径小于150μm的微孔,微孔之间互通,明胶球形多孔颗粒材料的孔隙率为80~95%。The technical solution of the present invention is a gelatin spherical porous particle material, the spherical particles of the gelatin spherical porous particle material have a particle diameter of φ0.8-4 mm, and inside the particle body are micropores with a pore diameter less than 150 μm. Interconnection, the porosity of the gelatin spherical porous particle material is 80-95%.
一种制备所述的明胶球形多孔颗粒材料的制备方法,制备步骤为:A preparation method for preparing the gelatin spherical porous granular material, the preparation steps are:
第一步,以蒸馏水配制质量浓度为5~20%的明胶溶液,搅拌使明胶完全溶解;The first step is to prepare a gelatin solution with a mass concentration of 5-20% with distilled water, and stir to completely dissolve the gelatin;
第二步,将第一步制备好的明胶溶液从加料口加入储料罐,通过压力表和压力控制阀控制储料罐中的压力为0.08~0.5MPa,以保证明胶溶液从管径为φ0.5~3mm的导液管以10~60滴/min的速度均匀流出。从导液管流出的明胶溶液在管口处长大到约φ0.8~4mm的近球形颗粒后滴落,在下落过程中,由于表面张力的作用形成球状,而后滴入保温容器内的温度为-(10~20)℃的冷凝液中冷凝,形成球形度好、粒径均一的明胶球形多孔颗粒材料。In the second step, the gelatin solution prepared in the first step is added to the storage tank from the feeding port, and the pressure in the storage tank is controlled by a pressure gauge and a pressure control valve to be 0.08 to 0.5 MPa to ensure that the gelatin solution starts from a pipe diameter of φ0 .5 ~ 3mm catheter outflow evenly at the speed of 10 ~ 60 drops / min. The gelatin solution flowing out from the catheter drips after growing to a nearly spherical particle of about φ0.8-4mm at the mouth of the tube. During the falling process, it forms a spherical shape due to the effect of surface tension, and then drips into the heat preservation container. It is condensed in the condensate at -(10-20)°C to form a gelatin spherical porous particle material with good sphericity and uniform particle size.
根据表面张力公式:According to the surface tension formula:
mg=2πrσmg=2πrσ
式中:m为液滴质量;r为毛细管外半径;σ为表面张力;g为重力加速度。当明胶溶液的密度和粘度一定时,在无外界干扰的条件下,该法可以制备出球形度好、粒径均一的球形颗粒。In the formula: m is the mass of the droplet; r is the outer radius of the capillary; σ is the surface tension; g is the acceleration of gravity. When the density and viscosity of the gelatin solution are constant, under the condition of no external interference, this method can prepare spherical particles with good sphericity and uniform particle size.
第三步,将第二步冷凝后的球形颗粒分离、冷冻干燥;将冷冻干燥后的球形颗粒放入质量浓度为0.25~2.5%的交联剂交联处理,然后用无水乙醇清洗,得到明胶球形多孔颗粒材料。所述的冷凝液为二甲基硅油或植物油。所述的交联剂为甲醛、戊二醛、乙二醛中的任意一种。In the third step, the spherical particles condensed in the second step are separated and freeze-dried; the freeze-dried spherical particles are put into a cross-linking agent with a mass concentration of 0.25% to 2.5% for cross-linking treatment, and then washed with absolute ethanol to obtain Gelatin spherical porous granular material. The condensate is simethicone or vegetable oil. Described cross-linking agent is any one in formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, glyoxal.
制备所述的明胶球形多孔颗粒材料的装置,由储料罐和保温容器组成,在储料罐顶部设有加料口,在储料罐上还设有压力表,压力表与压力控制阀连接,在储料罐的底部设有导液管,在导液管上设有流量控制阀,在导液管下方设有保温容器。The device for preparing the gelatin spherical porous granular material is composed of a storage tank and a heat preservation container, a feeding port is arranged on the top of the storage tank, a pressure gauge is also arranged on the storage tank, and the pressure gauge is connected with a pressure control valve. A guide pipe is arranged at the bottom of the storage tank, a flow control valve is arranged on the guide pipe, and a thermal insulation container is arranged under the guide pipe.
有益效果:本发明制备的明胶球形多孔颗粒材料::Beneficial effects: the gelatin spherical porous granular material prepared by the present invention:
(1)在颗粒本体内部含有大量的互通微孔,形成三维网状立体结构,这种颗粒具有较高的比表面积,有利于细胞的粘附的组织液的流动;(1) There are a large number of intercommunicating micropores inside the particle body, forming a three-dimensional network structure. This particle has a high specific surface area, which is conducive to the flow of interstitial fluid for cell adhesion;
(2)明胶颗粒具有均一的粒径分布,不需要筛分处理即可得到具有相同粒径的颗粒材料;因为根据表面张力公式:(2) Gelatin particles have a uniform particle size distribution, and granular materials with the same particle size can be obtained without sieving; because according to the surface tension formula:
mg=2πrσmg=2πrσ
式中:m为液滴质量;r为毛细管外半径;σ为表面张力;g为重力加速度。当胶原溶液的密度和粘度一定时,在无外界干扰的条件下,该法可以制备出球形度好、粒径均一的球形颗粒。In the formula: m is the mass of the droplet; r is the outer radius of the capillary; σ is the surface tension; g is the acceleration of gravity. When the density and viscosity of the collagen solution are constant, under the condition of no external interference, this method can prepare spherical particles with good sphericity and uniform particle size.
(3)因为根据本方法制备的明胶球形颗粒材料的粒径均一性好,而相同粒径的球形颗粒材料,充填后颗粒间空隙率最大,所以本发明的明胶球形颗粒材料充填后有利于组织液的流动和细胞的迁移生长。(3) Because the particle size uniformity of the gelatin spherical particle material prepared according to the present method is good, and the spherical particle material of the same particle size has the largest void ratio after filling, so the gelatin spherical particle material of the present invention is beneficial to interstitial fluid after filling. flow and cell migration.
四、说明书附图:4. Attached drawings:
图1球形颗粒成形装置示意图。Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of spherical particle forming device.
装置主要由加料口1、压力表2、压力控制阀3、储料罐4、流量控制阀5、导液管6、冷凝液7和保温容器8组成。The device is mainly composed of feeding port 1,
图2为明胶球形多孔颗粒的照片。Figure 2 is a photograph of gelatin spherical porous particles.
图3为明胶球形多孔颗粒的内部孔隙照片。Fig. 3 is a photo of internal pores of gelatin spherical porous particles.
五、具体实施方式: 5. Specific implementation methods:
实施例1:Example 1:
(1)用恒温水浴加热蒸馏水至60℃,将明胶加入蒸馏水中搅拌使其充分溶解,配制为质量浓度为5%的明胶溶液;(1) Heating distilled water to 60°C in a constant temperature water bath, adding gelatin to distilled water and stirring to make it fully dissolve, and preparing a gelatin solution with a mass concentration of 5%;
(2)如图1所示,将配制好的明胶溶液从加料口1加入储料罐4,通过压力表2和压力控制阀3控制储料罐4中的压力为0.08MPa,以保证明胶溶液从φ0.5mm导液管6均匀流出,通过流量控制阀5控制流速为10滴/min。从导液管6流出的明胶溶液在管口处长大到φ0.8mm的近球形颗粒后滴落,在下落过程中,由于表面张力的作用形成球状,而后滴入保温容器8内的冷凝液7中冷凝,冷凝液的温度为-10℃,形成球形颗粒。冷凝液为二甲基硅油。(2) As shown in Figure 1, the prepared gelatin solution is added to the storage tank 4 from the feed port 1, and the pressure in the storage tank 4 is controlled by the
(3)冷凝后的微球分离,并在-5℃的温度冷冻干燥处理8h;冷冻干燥后的球形颗粒先放入质量浓度为0.25%的戊二醛溶液交联处理3h,再用无水乙醇清洗,得到明胶球形多孔颗粒材料,如图2所示,颗粒的球形度好,粒径均一,粒径为0.8mm、如图3所示,颗粒的孔隙率高,孔隙率为80%,孔互通,形成三维网状立体结构。(3) The condensed microspheres were separated, and freeze-dried at -5°C for 8 hours; the freeze-dried spherical particles were first put into a glutaraldehyde solution with a mass concentration of 0.25% for 3 hours, and then dried with anhydrous Clean with ethanol, obtain gelatin spherical porous particle material, as shown in Figure 2, the sphericity of particle is good, and particle diameter is uniform, and particle diameter is 0.8mm, as shown in Figure 3, the porosity of particle is high, and porosity is 80%, The pores communicate with each other to form a three-dimensional network structure.
实施例2:Example 2:
(1)用恒温水浴加热蒸馏水至60℃,将明胶加入蒸馏水中搅拌使其充分溶解,配制为质量浓度为20%的明胶溶液;(1) Heating distilled water to 60°C in a constant temperature water bath, adding gelatin to distilled water and stirring to make it fully dissolve, and preparing a gelatin solution with a mass concentration of 20%;
(2)将配制好的明胶溶液从加料口1加入储料罐4,通过控制储料罐4中的压力为0.5MPa,以保证明胶溶液从φ3mm导液管6均匀流出。从导液管6流出的明胶溶液在管口处长大到φ4mm的近球形颗粒后滴落,在下落过程中,由于表面张力的作用形成球状,而后滴入保温容器8内的冷凝液7中冷凝,冷凝液的温度为-20℃,形成球形颗粒。冷凝液为植物油。(2) The prepared gelatin solution is added to the storage tank 4 from the feeding port 1, and the pressure in the storage tank 4 is controlled to be 0.5 MPa to ensure that the gelatin solution flows out evenly from the
(3)冷凝后的微球分离,并在-10℃的温度冷冻干燥处理24h;冷冻干燥后的球形颗粒先放入质量浓度为2.5%的甲醛溶液交联处理24h,再用无水乙醇清洗,得到明胶球形多孔颗粒材料。(3) Separation of condensed microspheres, and freeze-drying treatment at -10°C for 24 hours; the freeze-dried spherical particles were first placed in a formaldehyde solution with a mass concentration of 2.5% for cross-linking treatment for 24 hours, and then washed with absolute ethanol , to obtain gelatin spherical porous particle material.
实施例3:Example 3:
(1)用恒温水浴加热蒸馏水至60℃,将明胶加入蒸馏水中搅拌使其充分溶解,配制为质量浓度为12%的明胶溶液;(1) Heating distilled water to 60°C in a constant temperature water bath, adding gelatin to distilled water and stirring to make it fully dissolve, and preparing a gelatin solution with a mass concentration of 12%;
(2)将配制好的明胶溶液从加料口1加入储料罐4,通过控制储料罐4中的压力为0.28MPa,以保证明胶溶液从φ1.25mm导液管6均匀流出。从导液管6流出的明胶溶液在管口处长大到φ2.3mm的近球形颗粒后滴落,在下落过程中,由于表面张力的作用形成球状,而后滴入保温容器8内的冷凝液7中冷凝,冷凝液的温度为-15℃,形成球形颗粒。冷凝液为二甲基硅油。(2) The prepared gelatin solution is added to the storage tank 4 from the feeding port 1, and the pressure in the storage tank 4 is controlled to be 0.28MPa to ensure that the gelatin solution flows out from the
(3)冷凝后的微球分离,并在-7℃的温度冷冻干燥处理18h;冷冻干燥后的球形颗粒先放入质量浓度为1.25%的乙二醛溶液交联处理12h,再用无水乙醇清洗,得到明胶球形多孔颗粒材料。(3) The condensed microspheres were separated, and freeze-dried at a temperature of -7°C for 18 hours; the freeze-dried spherical particles were first put into a glyoxal solution with a mass concentration of 1.25% for cross-linking treatment for 12 hours, and then dried with anhydrous Wash with ethanol to obtain gelatin spherical porous particle material.
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CN1272383A (en) * | 2000-05-19 | 2000-11-08 | 清华大学 | Preparation method of nanometer phase calcium-phosphorus salt/collagen/polylactic acid bone composite material |
CN1607033A (en) * | 2003-10-15 | 2005-04-20 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | Chitose microsphere and microcapsule with uniform size and its preparation method |
CN1546181A (en) * | 2003-12-12 | 2004-11-17 | 清华大学 | A degradable material for guiding hard tissue regeneration and repair and its preparation method |
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