CN101401478A - Method and apparatus for locating a wireless local area network associated with a wireless wide area network - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for locating a wireless local area network associated with a wireless wide area network Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101401478A
CN101401478A CNA2007800086443A CN200780008644A CN101401478A CN 101401478 A CN101401478 A CN 101401478A CN A2007800086443 A CNA2007800086443 A CN A2007800086443A CN 200780008644 A CN200780008644 A CN 200780008644A CN 101401478 A CN101401478 A CN 101401478A
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network
mark
transmitters
wireless terminal
transmission time
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斯蒂芬·W·埃奇
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Qualcomm Inc
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Qualcomm Inc
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Abstract

Various concepts are disclosed in connection with locating a wireless local area network associated with a wireless wide area network. These concepts involve obtaining the difference in transmission time of a marker between two transmitters in a second network, measuring the difference in arrival time of the marker between the two transmitters, and locating the first network based on the difference in transmission time and the difference in arrival time of the marker.

Description

Be used to locate the method and apparatus of the WLAN (wireless local area network) that is associated with wireless wide area network
Advocate priority according to 35 U.S.C § 119
Present application for patent advocate on April 12nd, 2006 file an application and name be called " support be associated WLAN access (SUPPORT OF WLAN ACCESS IN ASSOCIATION WITH WWAN) " with WWAN the 60/792nd, the priority of No. 252 provisional application cases, it has been conveyed to assignee of the present invention and has been incorporated herein by reference.
Technical field
This disclosure is usually directed to telecommunications, and more particularly, relates to the notion that is used to locate the WLAN (wireless local area network) that is associated with wireless wide area network.
Background technology
Wireless network, for example supporting the wireless network of GSM, WCDMA, cdma2000 and TDMA provides wireless coverage in big geographic area, for example in the city, metropolitan area, state or county or provide wireless coverage in whole country sometimes.This network is called WWAN (wireless wide area network) sometimes.Recently, the less wireless network that is called WLAN (WLAN (wireless local area network)) is by in addition standardization of I EEE 802.11 committees for example, and disposes and be used to cover geographical coverage from tens meters zonules of not waiting to hundreds of rice.For using described network to realize wider coverage, usually in different adjacent areas, dispose many these networks.In some cases, the integral body of these a plurality of WLAN can be considered as having the little WWAN of himself ability, each among the wherein said WWAN " sub-district " is supported by single WLAN.This WLAN or WLAN integral body can be by operators independently or by having and moving more same operators of WWAN or had and runed by individual subscriber (for example family or the WLAN of office).
For the WWAN operator that has WLAN or have commercial agreement with WLAN operator (for example comprising the WWAN subscriber who self has WLAN), be not enough to serve in all subscribers' the situation in existing WWAN resource (for example usable spectrum), as a kind of extended coverage range (for example expand to but can't help the zone of WWAN service in) and/or increase the approach of capacity, allow or help wireless terminal to insert this WLAN and may have advantage by WLAN service.For instance, in the more unattainable zone of WWAN (for example in shopping plaza, in the family and in the office), the expansion of coverage can be an advantage, and in the zone of use amount maximum (for example urban environment), during peak service time, and for reducing WWAN utilization of resources amount, the increase capacity can be an advantage.
Allowing maybe to need wireless terminal to use under the situation of some WLAN when having WLAN, it is necessary to make terminal learn that the arbitrary specific location that is in by chance in described terminal has specific a WLAN or one group of WLAN possibility.This can support in the following manner: make wireless terminal periodically search for available WLAN, if and find suitable WLAN subsequently and think that its signal strength signal intensity is suitable, make terminal that WLAN (for example any ongoing service that may participate in via registration and handover terminal on WLAN is for example called out) is handed in its service so.The problem of this kind straightforward procedure is, all may consume the excess resource (for example battery) in the terminal and disturb ongoing service any frequent scanning of available WLAN.In addition, having higher priority if keep ongoing service, may not be to scan available WLAN fully so.Therefore, have be used for searching available and suitable WLAN and not can terminal relate to the too much utilization of resources or with may be favourable to afoul other method of the support of existing service.
People have defined a kind of the method and have come support terminal to use the access of CDMA (for example cdma2000, WWAN) to WLAN.The method be used to can be synchronous from the transmission of each cdma base station the fact.Particularly, described notion utilize in the cdma base station synchronization regularly, described synchronization regularly makes wireless terminal can measure near the pilot phase of base station and uses described pilot phase to indicate its approximate geographical position.By the record pilot phase relevant with the availability of specific WLAN, after this mobile phone can determine the degree of approach of same WLAN when it measures its same pilot phase place that had before write down.This makes wireless terminal carry out the handover of WLAN (in case detecting WLAN), and helps to alleviate the congested or expansion WWAN coverage on the normal WWAN.
Yet above-mentioned notion does not satisfy the needs as asynchronous networks such as GSM and WCDMA, because be not equivalent to the information of CDMA pilot phase with the form support that can directly use in described network.Therefore, need a kind of new technology that can be used for helping locating with asynchronous and synchronous the two WLAN that is associated of WWAN.
Summary of the invention
This paper discloses an a kind of aspect that is used to locate the method for first network.Described method comprises: the transmission time difference that obtains in second network mark between two transmitters, the time of advent of measuring the described mark between described two transmitters is poor, and based on the transmission time difference of described mark and the time of advent difference locate described first network.
This paper discloses aspect be configured to the wireless terminal operated in first network one.Wireless terminal comprises at least one processor, it is configured to: the transmission time difference that obtains in second network mark between two transmitters, the time of advent of measuring the described mark between described two transmitters is poor, and based on the transmission time difference of described mark and the time of advent difference locate described first network.
This paper discloses aspect another that be configured to the wireless terminal operated in first network.Described wireless terminal comprises: obtain device, it is used for obtaining the transmission time difference of the mark between two transmitters of second network; Measurement mechanism, its time of advent that is used to measure the described mark between described two transmitters is poor; And positioner, it is used for based on the transmission time difference of described mark and differs from the time of advent locating described first network.
This paper discloses an a kind of aspect of computer program.Described computer program comprises computer-readable media.Described computer-readable media comprises: be used for causing at least one computer to obtain the code of the transmission time difference of the mark between two transmitters of second network, be used to cause the described mark between described two transmitters of described at least one computer measurement the time of advent difference code, and be used to cause described at least one computer based in the transmission time difference of described mark and the time of advent difference locate the code of described first network.
Should be appreciated that according to detailed description hereinafter, other configuration of the present invention will be apparent to the person of ordinary skill in the field, various configurations wherein of the present invention are all shown and explanation with way of example.Should be appreciated that the present invention can have other and different configurations, and can revise some details of the present invention in each others, this neither spirit of the present invention and scope of deviating from.Therefore, the graphic of this paper and detailed description must be considered as illustrative and non-limiting matter.
Description of drawings
In the accompanying drawings, with way of example but not the various aspects of limiting mode graphic extension wireless communication system, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the concept map that display radio terminal and WWAN communicate;
Fig. 2 shows that WLAN is connected to the concept map of WWAN via packet network;
Fig. 3 is the concept map that shows the topological structure of WWAN;
Fig. 4 is the concept map how graphic extension can obtain the GTD (geometrical time difference) of two couples of BTS (base transceiver station);
Fig. 5 is the concept map in graphic extension WLAN coverage territory, and described WLAN coverage territory completely or partially is included in the zone that the maximum and minimum GTD value by two couples of BTS defined;
Fig. 6 is the conceptual block diagram of wireless terminal;
Fig. 7 is a flow chart, and its graphic extension is used to create the fingerprint of WLAN and is after this obtaining the example of the program of described WLAN;
Fig. 8 is the flow chart of the example of the graphic extension program that is used to locate BTS;
Fig. 9 is the flow chart of example of the program of the graphic extension GTD value that is used to obtain WLAN;
Figure 10 is the flow chart of the example of the graphic extension program that is used to detect the WLAN that is associated with WWAN;
Figure 11 is the graphic extension wireless terminal receives transmission from a pair of BTS a concept map;
Figure 12 is the flow chart of the example of the graphic extension method that is used to locate first network; And
Figure 13 is a functional block diagram, and its graphic extension is configured to the example of the wireless terminal operated in first network.
Embodiment
In the explanation,, the thorough to embodiment provides specific detail hereinafter for being provided.Yet the those skilled in the art in the affiliated technical field should be understood that described embodiment can put into practice under the situation that does not possess described specific detail.For example, for can not be because of unnecessary details makes described embodiment fuzzy, available block diagram form shows each circuit.In other example,, also can at length show well-known circuit, structure and technology for not covering described embodiment.
And, it should be noted that the process that described embodiment can be described as being shown as flow table, flow chart, structure chart or block diagram form.Though flow table can be described as each operation the succession process, a lot of operations can walk abreast or carry out simultaneously.In addition, can arrange the order of operation again.When its operation was finished, a process finished.A process can be corresponding to a method, function, program, subroutine, subprogram etc.When a process during corresponding to a function, its end turns back to the calling function or the function of tonic chord corresponding to described function.
And, as disclosed herein, " medium " can represent to be used to store one or more devices of data, comprises read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory (ram), magnetic disc storage media, optic storage medium, flash memory device and/or other is used for the machine-readable medium of stored information.Term " machine-readable medium " is including but not limited to portable or fixed storage media, radio channel and can store, comprise or various other medium of carry instructions and/or data.
In addition, each embodiment can be implemented by hardware, software, firmware, middleware, microcode or its arbitrary combination.In the time of in being implemented on software, firmware, intermediate or microcode, the procedure code or the sign indicating number section that are used for carrying out some task can be stored in for example machine-readable medium of medium.Processor also can be carried out this task.Sign indicating number Duan Ke represents program, function, subprogram, program, routine, subroutine, module, software kit, classification or any combination that is made of instruction, data structure or program statement.The sign indicating number section can be coupled to another yard section or hardware circuit by transmission and/or reception information, data, independent variable, parameter or memory content.Information, independent variable, parameter, data etc. can be via comprising any suitable manner transmission, forwarding or transmission such as shared storage, message transmission, mark transmission, Network Transmission.
The person of ordinary skill in the field also should learn, can one or more elements in the device that is hereinafter disclosed be rearranged, and this does not influence the operation of device.Similarly, can one or more elements that hereinafter disclose in the device be made up, this does not influence the operation of device.
1. wireless network environment
Fig. 1 is the concept map that display radio terminal 102 and WWAN 100 communicate.Wireless terminal 102 can be any suitable wireless terminal, for instance, comprise mobile phone or cellular phone, PDA(Personal Digital Assistant), portable television, personal computer, laptop computer, digital camera, digital camera player, game console, portable audio, portable wireless, transceiver, modulator-demodulator, maybe can insert any other suitable device of WWAN 100.The person of ordinary skill in the field can be called wireless terminal 102 mobile phone, radio communication device, user terminal, subscriber equipment, travelling carriage, mobile unit, subscriber unit, subscriber stations, mobile radio, radio telephone, air station, wireless device or some other term.This disclosure each conception of species described in the whole text is intended to the wireless terminal that is applicable to that all are fit to, regardless of its configuration and concrete name.
Typical WWAN 100 is cellular networks.Cellular network is the network that wherein geographical is divided into several sub-districts.In each sub-district the BTS (base transceiver station) that communicates with wireless terminal.For the purpose of clearly showing, show among the figure that single BTS 104 is connected to BSC (base station controller) 106 by backhaul, yet in real-world applications, BSC 106 will support to be connected with the backhaul of many BTS.BSC 106 is used for managing and coordinating each BTS of WWAN 100, so that a plurality of wireless terminal can communicate.WWAN 100 also can be connected to extra network by one or more suitable gateways.In the example shown in Fig. 1, WWAN 100 is connected to circuit-switched network 110 via MSC (mobile switching centre) 108, for example PSTN (PSTN).WWAN 100 also can be connected to based on the network 112 that wraps, for example public the Internet via SGSN (service general packet radio serving GPRS support node) 113 and GGSN (gateway general packet radio serving GPRS support node) 115.The packet switch that SGSN 113 promotes between BSC 106 and the GGSN 115, and also wireless terminal 110 is carried out mobile management.GGSN 115 carry out routing functions and with network 112 exchange packets based on bag.
Fig. 2 shows that WLAN 114 is connected to the concept map of WWAN 100 via packet network 112.WLAN114 can be the capacity that wireless terminal provides the coverage of expansion and/or increases the WWAN 110 that uses any suitable wireless protocols (comprise IEEE802.11, ultra broadband (UWB) or bluetooth, only enumerate several).The actual wireless agreement of implementing in arbitrary specific WLAN will depend upon concrete application and be applied to overall system design constraints.MGW 116 (media gateway) is used for helping WLAN 114 is situated between and receives circuit-switched network 110-for example call out with support voice.
Fig. 3 is the concept map that shows the topological structure of WWAN 100.In this example, WWAN 100 is divided into five sub-district 202a-202e.In each sub-district 202a-202e, be positioned with BTS 104a-104e respectively.In addition, three WLAN 114 are dispersed in the whole geographical of WWAN 100.When wireless terminal 102 was mobile in whole WWAN100, it can adopt various technology to know the existence of WLAN in the diverse location.Described technology is used to from the transmission that belongs to a pair of BTS of WWAN 100 or a plurality of WWAN.Described technology can be applicable to asynchronous WWAN and synchronous WWAN the two.
Described technology is utilized the notion of OTD (institute's observed time difference), RTD (real-time time is poor) and GTD (geometrical time difference).OTD is from the concrete mark of the band of a pair of BTS or otherwise to obtain identifying the signal that maybe can identify poor in the time of advent at wireless terminal place.For example, for GSM, OTD may be after the wireless terminal place detects from the beginning of the GSM frame of a BTS time when the beginning that detects at described wireless terminal place from next GSM frame of another BTS.OTD and RTD are closely related, and described RTD is provided at the OTD when not influencing propagation delay, for example, and the time after the beginning of arbitrary GSM frame at a BTS place when next the GSM frame at another BTS place begins.For with described concerning the equidistant arbitrary wireless terminal of BTS, OTD equals RTD.
Provide example now with reference to Fig. 4.OTD that wireless terminal 102 is observed at a pair of BTS P and Q at L place, arbitrary position and the difference between the RTD between these BTS provide GTD.Described relation can be expressed as follows:
Make M R=from the transmission mark of BTS R (R=P or Q)
(for example, the beginning of a frame among the GSM)
T (M R)=mark M RIn the absolute transmission time that BTS R (R=P or Q) locates
A (M R)=mark M RIn the absolute time of advent that position L (R=P or Q) locates
So, OTD=A (M P)-A (M Q)
RTD＝T(M P)-T(M Q)
Make GTD=OTD-RTD
(1-1)
GTD=(A (M so P)-T (M P))-(A (M Q)-T (M Q))=(DP-D Q)/c (1-2)
Wherein, D RDistance between=position L and the BTS R (R=P or Q); And
C=signal velocity (for example light velocity)
Show that (1-2) GTD equals the difference of the distance from position L to each BTS divided by c, and thereby depend upon the position of BTS and the geometrical relationship of position L.Other position that has identical GTD with L all is positioned on the hyperbola of a certain L of passing, and its characteristic is according to equation (1-2), and described two BTS fix apart from the difference of the distance of any point.
For modern wireless network, the transmit timing of arbitrary BTS is normally stable and accurate, only changes less amount (for example being the part of 1GSM position under the GSM situation) in one day or longer time period.This means arbitrary to the near constant in similar interval usually of the RTD between the BTS, this means again if can determine RTD with the interval of a few hours or one day by certain mode, wireless terminal is measured by only implementing OTD so, just can derive it in the described GTD value of each occupied position in to the BTS scope.OTD measures usually not so difficult carrying out or unusual resource-intensive, because wireless terminal may need to monitor the transmission from contiguous BTS, to support normal radio operation, comprise handover, sub-district conversion and under the serving BTS situation, comprise radio contact.Thereby the extra resource that is used to measure the signal that monitors already is with less.Because the GTD value depends upon geometry, thereby can make arbitrary wireless terminal use the means that one group of GTD value conduct that BTS obtained characterized its occupied arbitrary position at many.For ad-hoc location, under the situation of given each BTS, be enough to derive exactly described position usually from two pairs of different any two GTD values that BTS obtained.
For the geographic area that a specific WLAN is had therein the area of coverage characterizes, wireless terminal can be created fingerprint, and described fingerprint comprises the many one group of GTD values to BTS that are used for part or all WLAN coverage territory of its overlapped coverage.According to the GTD value that is obtained, wireless terminal can be derived statistics, for example is applied to each minimum and maximum GTD value to BTS of the whole WLAN coverage that described wireless terminal visited.Situation at two couples of BTS in Fig. 5 is carried out graphic extension to this.
Because the coverage of BTS is much wider than the overlay area of WLAN usually among the WWAN, and because usually can be by detecting each BTS in the extra-regional wireless terminal of its normal service at a distance, thereby common situation is to obtain several GTD values to BTS in the whole overlay area of WLAN usually.Even really not so, still can in the WLAN coverage territory, obtain many GTD in arbitrary position to BTS.By writing down thus obtained each other statistics to minimum and maximum GTD or the GTD of BTS, when when after this wireless terminal turns back to same WLAN coverage territory once more, can use the GTD statistics conduct of being stored to know that wireless terminal may be positioned at the means in described WLAN coverage territory, and need not to scan continuously WLAN.This can obtain WLAN effectively so.
2. wireless terminal
Fig. 6 is the conceptual block diagram of the example of graphic extension wireless terminal.Wireless terminal 102 can be configured to create by the GTD statistics that writes down specific WLAN the fingerprint of described WLAN, and uses it to obtain effectively WLAN subsequently.Wireless terminal 102 can be implemented in every way.In the example shown in Fig. 6, wireless terminal 102 comprises processor 602, and processor 602 communicates via system bus 604 and plurality of peripheral device.Although for the purpose of the operation of explaining wireless device 102, in the drawings processor 602 is shown as single entity, yet the person of ordinary skill in the field will understand, and the functional of processor 602 also can be implemented by one or more entity handles devices and medium.For example, processor 602 can be implemented by the microprocessor or the flush bonding processor of support software.Another is chosen as, and processor 602 can be by implementing as lower device: application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) (ASIC), field programmable gate array (FPGA) but journey programmed logic assembly, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components or its arbitrary combination, no matter be individually or combined with microprocessor and/or flush bonding processor.Therefore, term " processor " should be interpreted as in a broad sense that containing in the wireless terminal one or more can carry out this disclosure entity of described various functions in the whole text.The mode of implementing processor 602 will depend upon application-specific and the design constraint of forcing on whole system.The person of ordinary skill in the field will recognize the interchangeability of hardware, software, firmware, middleware, microcode and similar configuration under described environment and how to implement described functional for each application-specific best.
Go back display radio terminal 102 among the figure and have WWAN transceiver 606 and WLAN transceiver 608.WWAN transceiver 606 can be configured to support any suitable wireless protocols, for instance, comprises GSM, WCDMA, cdma2000 and TDMA.WLAN transceiver 608 also can be configured for use in different wireless protocols, comprises 802.11, UWB, bluetooth, and any other wireless protocols.In the configuration shown in Fig. 6, each transceiver 606,608 all is shown as independent entity, but in the alternative arrangements form of wireless terminal 102, also can be integrated in the single entity or is distributed on other entity.
3. be used to write down GTD and reach the program of obtaining WLAN subsequently
Fig. 7 is a flow chart, the example that its graphic extension is used to create the fingerprint of WLAN and obtains the program of described WLAN subsequently.This program can by as carry out in conjunction with the described processor of Fig. 6, perhaps carry out by certain (or some) other entity in the wireless terminal.In step 702, obtain the position of BTS.This step depends on the program that is used to obtain the RTD value in step 704, and is not always essential.In step 704, by utilizing the BTS position in step 702, obtained or under the situation that does not have the BTS position, obtaining each to the RTD between the BTS.By using the RTD value in step 704, obtained, in step 706, obtain and write down one group of GTD value and statistics (for example minimum, maximum and average GTD value) that BTS is right, thereby in the overlay area of a certain WLAN, provide coverage.In a certain moment after this, obtain each once more to the RTD between the BTS by repeating step 704.Repeating step 704 allows the change of RTD value in any remarkable time cycle.After repeating step 704, in step 708, obtain each used in step 706 GTD value once more, and it is compared with the GTD statistics that is write down in step 706 BTS.The GTD value that for example, may confirm in step 708 to be obtained is located in the step 706 at each of correspondence between the minimum and maximum GTD value that BTS obtained.When the GTD value that is obtained is complementary with the GTD statistics that is write down, can think that just the WLAN that is associated is near also attempting it is obtained.
3.1 obtain the BTS position
Fig. 8 graphic extension is used for obtaining in the step 702 of Fig. 7 the example of the program of BTS position.In this example, wireless terminal obtains the position of one group of contiguous BTS.When described wireless terminal is in other position, can repeats described program and obtain not the position of BTS on the same group.The minimum number of BTS is 2 in described group, but also can comprise more BTS, so that can obtain the position of more BTS in the single execution circulation of described program.
In step 802, wireless terminal can be measured each to the OTD value between the contiguous BTS, described each belong to the current WWAN that is just inserting of described wireless terminal or belong to a certain other WWAN that coverage is provided in same position being close to BTS.The measured OTD of wireless terminal will depend upon the position of wireless terminal, and can contain might be very little random meausrement error.Any one group of specific measured OTD all will be relevant with the position of described wireless terminal when implementing to measure.In the 5th part of this disclosure, will illustrate in greater detail the relation of OTD and wireless terminal position.
In step 804, wireless terminal judges whether the OTD in new position implementation step 802 measures.When measuring OTD first (when carrying out described step first), will think like this all the time at one group of specific BTS at any one group of new BTS.When carrying out described step subsequently, if OTD measured value and wireless terminal differ a certain minimum for some or all previous OTD measured values that same group of BTS stores (for example storing in the previous day or in preceding several hrs) recently, can think like this so.For example, if when measuring OTD, the OTD variable quantity can be thought to have tangible OTD variable quantity obviously greater than error expected so, because in this case, can accurately determine variable quantity.If the measured value in the step 802 is not different from previous measured value significantly, do not store described measured value so, and wireless terminal can be waited for interval and repeating step 802 sometime subsequently.If described measured value is different really, store described measured value so, and next wireless terminal uses satellite navigation system (for example GPS or Galileo (Galileo)) for example and may assist himself position of acquisition down at service network (as in A-GPS) in step 806.Preferably, obtaining OTD measured value in the step 802 and the position in the step 806 near synchronization, so that can think that position that OTD measured value in the step 802 is in step 806 to be determined is measured.Then, store wireless terminal position explicitly with the OTD measured value.In next step 808, wireless terminal judges whether it has the OTD measured value (from step 802) of the position of sufficient amount (from step 806).As shown in the 5th part of this disclosure, if wireless terminal has the OTD measured value of at least one pair of BTS on five or five above different radio terminal locations, so usually will be like this.If think that so, in step 810, terminal can utilize the OTD measurement of being implemented to determine the BTS position so on the known wireless terminal position of difference, as shown in the 5th part of this disclosure.If wireless terminal does not have the measured value of enough positions as yet, it turns back to step 802 so, wherein can obtain one group of new OTD measured value after this.
Can not can use alternative program to obtain the BTS position measuring under the situation of the OTD value between a pair of BTS on five or the more a plurality of diverse location at wireless terminal 102.By this program, wireless terminal will be measured transmit timing and a certain generalized time (as gps time) or the correlation of himself internal clocking between the time of a certain BTS that is received.If wireless terminal is to implement this operation in three independent positions that described wireless terminal also obtains its position coordinates (for example using GPS or A-GPS), so also can obtain the position (for example latitude/longitude coordinates) of BTS.For showing how this works, suppose that wireless terminal will be associated with the generalized time U1 of position L1 from the transmission time T1 that BTS receives, and the transmission time T2 that receives from BTS is associated with the generalized time U2 of position L2.Further supposition converts BTS transmission time T1 and T2 and generalized time U1 and U2 to identical chronomere-for example convert to GSM bit time in the GSM situation.Wireless terminal can calculate now its generalized time U1 constantly observe in L2 place, position the transmission time that receives (T2-U2+U1).If define the transmit timing (just like this usually in WWAN) of BTS circularly, may must adjust this transmission time around effect so at any.Transmission time T1 that receives at position L1 place and the transmission time (T2-U2+U1) that receives at position L2 place are suitable for constantly at same generalized time U1.Thereby its difference (T2-T1-U2+U1) must equal the propagation time difference from BTS to each position.The described time difference can convert range difference to by multiply by signal speed.This can obtain following equation:
(T2-T1-U2+U1)＝[((y 2-y B) 2+(x 2-x B) 2) 1/2-((y 1-y B) 2+(x 1-x B) 2) 1/2]/c (3-1)
Wherein, c=signal velocity (for example, the light velocity)
(x B, y B) be the horizontal x of BTS, the y coordinate; And
(x i, y i) be position L iThe horizontal x of (i=1,2), the y coordinate
Equation (3-1) is positioned at BTS on the hyperbola, and described hyperbola is that y coordinate and time difference, (T2-T1-U2+U1) defined by the x of described two position L1 and L2.If wireless terminal obtains generalized time U3 subsequently and is (x at coordinate 3, y 3) the BTS transmit timing T3 that receives of L3 place, the 3rd position between correlation, can obtain to be similar to second equation of (3-1) so, wherein respectively with U3, T3, x 3, y 3Replace U2, T2, x 2, y 2This will be enough to solve the coordinate of BTS.
The advantage of this program is, can be may not be from use the position that obtain arbitrary BTS from the measured value of three positions under the situation of any other BTS received signal.When replacing the generalized time that wireless terminal write down by the internal clocking time, described program is also effective.
At the alternative program that is used for obtaining the BTS position, wireless terminal can obtain at particular B TS and be in signal propagation time P1 and P2 between the wireless terminal at two diverse location L1 and L2 place.In some wireless technology (for example GSM), correctly operate for making described wireless technology, may need network (for example BTS) to provide a value (for example by BTS derive) for wireless terminal, described value equals or is relevant to signal propagation time between BTS and the wireless terminal.In GSM, the value that BTS provided is timing advance (TA), and it equals to come and go propagation delay or doubles the one-way only propagation time-delay.Whenever wireless terminal just when network receives service (during for example calling out, when in network, register or during execution cycle property register update) described TA value periodically is provided to wireless terminal.When new TA value is provided (or when the new TA value that obviously is different from previous TA value is provided), wireless terminal also can be determined its position coordinates (for example using GPS or A-GPS).If wireless terminal is to implement described operation at two diverse location places that its TA is provided, it can determine the propagation time P1 at known location L1 and L2 place and the value of P2 so.Wireless terminal can be subsequently comes calculating location L1 and the L2 distance apart from BTS with the form of P1*c and P2*c, and wherein c is signal velocity (for example aerial transmission speed of radio).Under the situation of the position coordinates of given L1 and L2, this makes it possible to determine the position of BTS.The advantage of this program is, only needs the measured value of single BTS two positions.
3.2 obtain each RTD value to BTS
In case determine the BTS position, wireless terminal just can obtain selected each to the RTD value (referring to the step 704 among Fig. 7) between the BTS.Hereinafter will in the 3.3rd and 3.4 parts of this disclosure, describe which selects to use to BTS.
Be to obtain RTD, wireless terminal can for example use GPS, A-GPS or Galileo (Galileo) to obtain himself position, and simultaneously or almost side by side, measures the OTD between a pair of or a pair of above BTS.Wireless terminal can use himself position and the position of each BTS, utilize equation (1-2) to obtain and thereby obtain arbitrary GTD BTS apart from the distance of each BTS.Can use equation (1-1) to obtain arbitrary RTD then to BTS according to GTD and measured OTD.
In alternative program, can RTD value (and possibility BTS coordinate) be offered wireless terminal by network (for example via broadcast service or in system information), use program as herein described to calculate described value thereby need not wireless terminal.This also will not need to make wireless terminal just can obtain the position of himself.
Support the wireless network of GSM for example or WCDMA can use the independent LMU (location measurement unit) that belongs to described network to obtain the RTD value.LMU is the device that is positioned on the known fixed location, and it measures each to the OTD between the BTS and use about the information of himself position and BTS position and calculate RTD.If each BTS contains gps receiver and can make its transmit timing and GPS regularly synchronous or be associated, so also can obtain RTD.Some GSM network is in the process of upgrading by the gps receiver among the BTS, disturbs and the raising capacity so that can reduce.This ability thus can be through expansion to derive the RTD value.When not supporting LMU or gps receiver, network can utilize GPS location estimation value and by OTD measured value that each wireless terminal provided (to calculate the RTD value under the condition that can learn the BTS coordinate already).Network will have following advantage: can be continuously insert this measured value from many wireless terminals in each sub-district, this means that RTD value can keep upgrading constantly and basis or offer other wireless terminal at needs or when requiring.
In some cases, each BTS in the wireless network is kept accurately synchronously to provide or to improve service (for example, reducing the interference level that wireless terminal is caused by non-serving BTS).Be used to realize that synchronous method can be included in each BTS place and use gps receiver to make the BTS transmit timing consistent with general gps time.Also can use other method.If wireless terminal is known each BTS synchronously (for example because this is essential for making described network technology proper operation, perhaps because network or Virtual network operator provide this information), do not need to carry out any measurement so and obtain the RTD value, but can suppose that all RTD values are 0.
If network can't provide RTD value with explicit or implicit expression mode, and if by preferably avoiding using possibility must calculate the program of BTS position, can adopt the third program to obtain the RTD value so.In this program, if network provides signal propagation delays P1 directly or indirectly, for example provide therein in the GSM situation of TA value, wireless terminal can utilize the signal propagation delay P1 between himself and the BTS so.If the transmit timing T1 that wireless terminal can accurately make BTS subsequently to be received is associated with certain generalized time U1 (for example gps time (or its internal clocking time)), it can be derived in the transmit timing at BTS place and the correlation between the generalized time (or internal clocking time) so, in this example, if T1 is to represent with identical chronomere with P1, this will be in the generalized time U1 transmission time (T1+P1) constantly so.If after this wireless terminal repeats this program to another BTS, and definite propagation delay P2, transmission time T2 and generalized time U2, poor between its each BTS transmit timing that the RTD between each BTS can be defined as adjusted so according to shared generalized time.In this particular instance, if all at first converting to, all values uses shared chronomere, RTD will be (T2+P2-U2)-(T1+P1-U1) so.
3.3 write down the GTD value of each WLAN
Fig. 9 graphic extension is used for obtaining the example of program (referring to the step 706 of Fig. 7) of the GTD value of each WLAN.Described program can be carried out once arbitrary specific WLAN, perhaps can repeat in a plurality of occasions to increase collected WLAN amount of information.Can in the WLAN zone of being paid close attention to, initiate this program.For example, can in the time-consuming therein zone of wireless terminal (for example home area, office areas or the frequent shopping plaza that uses), initiate described program.This zone can be according to the use amount of same WWAN Serving cell in over a long time, according to the use amount of same Serving cell in many different occasions, according to same WWAN sub-district (if for example a sub-district always be comprised in Serving cell order it is implemented in the set of cells of handover measurement of correlation) or the degree of approach in many different occasions or make up according to certain of described condition and to infer in over a long time.Also can initiate described program,, perhaps make when instructing when wireless terminal user or service network or local network for example when observing specific WLAN or over a long time in or when a plurality of occasions are used specific WLAN because of other factors.
In step 902, wireless terminal is determined in its coverage that is in the specific WLAN access point paid close attention to (for example belong to or be associated with its home network carrier).Wireless terminal determines that also it is in the overlay area of several cell site, and described several cell site will be associated with the BTS of himself separately.Wireless terminal can be by search from being higher than of each BTS a certain minimum signal strength or come the broadcast singal of the information that free its current service BTS provided to determine the identity of each cell site and the BTS that is associated.For example, BTS can be by GSM or those indicated BTS of WCDMA serving BTS, and for supporting handover, wireless terminal may need to measure signal strength signal intensity and the quality of described BTS.For WCDM, described BTS (also being called Node B) can comprise those current BTS that supports soft handover for wireless terminal.Described BTS and the cell site that is associated thereof may all belong to consolidated network or may belong to different networks.Described BTS also can belong to the heterogeneous networks of supporting different radio technology (for example GSM and WCDMA).Usually, Serving cell and the serving BTS that is associated will belong to this set.
In next step 904, wireless terminal can obtain the position of determined each BTS in step 902, for example uses wherein a kind of method of above being discussed in the 3.1st part.This may a certain previous time taken place or as described program in the prelude of remainder take place.If in step 906, do not need the BTS position to obtain the RTD value, can not need to use this step so.
In next step 906, wireless terminal can use above any program described in the 3.2nd part obtain in step 902 determined each to the RTD value between the BTS.Can determine the pairing of each BTS by different modes.For example, if all BTS all support with a kind of wireless technology (for example GSM or WCDMA), can make so a BTS by each to shared-serving BTS or have the BTS of peak signal for example.If described BTS supports different wireless technologys, can be so the single BTS of each choice of technology and with its with support with each BTS pairing among other BTS of a kind of technology.
In next step 908, wireless terminal measure described BTS between OTD, and in step 910, from such as equation (1-1) definition (and as in the 5th part of this disclosure, illustrating in greater detail) obtain GTD from OTD and RTD.If execution in step 908 and 910 immediately after step 906, so can such as in equation (1-2) definition and in the 5th part of this disclosure, further specifying, directly basis employed wireless terminal position and BTS position in step 906 obtains GTD.
In step 912, wireless terminal suspends (for example run timing device), and subsequently in step 914, verifies in its WLAN coverage that whether still is in the step 902 to be identified.If the result is not, so described EP (end of program), wireless terminal keeps its GTD value that is obtained before this in step 910.Otherwise in the coverage of the WLAN that if wireless terminal still is in the step 902 to be identified, the OTD of wireless terminal repeating step 908 measures so.Described wireless terminal obtains one group of new GTD by repeating step 910 subsequently.
The result of this program is the fingerprint that obtains specific WLAN, and it contains each specific one group of GTD value to BTS of the signal that receives in described WLAN coverage territory.To BTS, can obtain average GTD value and minimum and maximum GTD value for each subsequently.Minimum and maximum GTD value defines the geographic area between two hyperbolas, wherein a hyperbola is associated with minimum GTD value, and another hyperbola is associated with maximum GTD value, and it will contain the position at wireless terminal place when it obtains to derive according to this OTD value of described GTD value in step 908.In Fig. 5, this is carried out graphic extension.Because each wireless terminal position all is associated with the reception of specific WLAN, thereby some or the whole overlay area of described specific WLAN are also contained in described zone.If wireless terminal is the travel all over overlay area not, may not lack some overlay area of WLAN so.For MS at other each to BTS obtained minimum and maximum GTD, so same.
For guaranteeing that the complete overlay area of WLAN is included in the zone of being defined by maximum and minimum GTD value, wireless terminal can continue to add the right more GTD values of each BTS among the described specific WLAN simply by repeating described program after this in it is in same WLAN coverage territory the time.This can visit more WLAN coverage territory for wireless terminal provides further chance.Yet this may not be very efficient, and wireless terminal travel all over overlay area not.Another kind is used to guarantee that the method that comprises whole coverage will be: can learn according to the knowledge (for example WLAN technology) of specific WLAN in supposition under the situation of scope of described overlay area, calculate the minimum that will obtain at described whole overlay area and the expection difference D between the maximum GTD value.For example, this can use the equation in this disclosure the 5th part to implement.Then, can increase minimum and maximum GTD, so that the difference between it is D or is slightly larger than D to allow measure error.For example, maximum GTD can be set at average GTD and add D/2, and minimum GTD can be set at average GTD and deduct D/2.The means that another kind is used for guaranteeing comprising the WLAN coverage will only be to add and deduct certain other fixed value V from average GTD, to obtain modified maximum and minimum GTD value.For allowing average GTD not represent the possibility at the center in WLAN coverage territory, V can surpass D/2, but needs not exceed D.If the difference between minimum and the measured GTD of maximum is d, so V is set at (D-d/2) just can guarantee usually whole WLAN coverage territory is included in resulting modified maximum and the minimum GTD value.
Then, wireless terminal and WLAN be stored in described group of BTS determining in the step 902, its cell identity that is associated, acquisition explicitly each to the minimum and maximum GTD between the BTS and may other GTD statistics.
3.4 WLAN detects
Figure 10 is a flow chart, and its graphic extension is used for carrying out in the step 708 of Fig. 7 the example of the program of WLAN detection.In described program, the wireless terminal utilization is previous use minimum and maximum GTD value that program described in the 3.3rd part above obtains at specific one group of BTS (being associated with the specific cell place separately) in one or more WWAN and may other GTD statistics it may be in the means in overlay area of a certain WLAN as detection.
When wireless terminal detects two or more its GTD values when certain pays close attention to the BTS that obtains among the WLAN, just initiate described program.For example, wireless terminal can determine that current serving BTS is one among the described BTS.Preferably, also verify can be from many or all are as mentioned in the BTS received signal of its GTD value that had before obtained in the WLAN coverage territory described in the 3.3rd part for wireless terminal.
In first step 1002, wireless terminal is initiated in the arbitrary program described in the 3.2nd part, with obtain identical each to the RTD value between the BTS, identical each GTD value to BTS obtained the storage described in the 3.3rd part, to form fingerprint as the front.
In next step 1004, wireless terminal is measured each to the OTD value between the BTS.Then in step 1006, wireless terminal such as in equation (1-1) definition obtain each to the GTD value between the BTS according to OTD and RTD value.In step 1008, right at each BTS, the GTD value that wireless terminal will be obtained in step 1006 with compare in the minimum and maximum GTD value (or other GTD statistics) that formerly obtains described in the 3.3rd part as the front.If the GTD value that all (or great majority) are obtained is between the minimum and maximum GTD value of correspondence, wireless terminal can draw the conclusion in its overlay area that can be in described WLAN in step 1010 so, and can attempt subsequently obtaining signal from described WLAN in step 1012.If wireless terminal can be from described WLAN received signal, it can determine attempting in step 1014 in step 1016 any ongoing service (for example calling out) to be handed over to described WLAN subsequently so, or only preempts described WLAN signal (if current free time).If in step 1010, described GTD value is not all between the minimum and maximum GTD value of correspondence, if or in step 1012, wireless terminal can not obtain signal from WLAN, so described wireless terminal can be after the short time repeating step 1004.In this case, along with moving of wireless terminal, it may finally enter the overlay area of described WLAN.When this kind situation takes place, the GTD value that is obtained in step 1006 will all be between the minimum and maximum GTD value that is before obtained usually, and will be interior and attempting obtaining described WLAN thereby the permission wireless terminal learns that it may be in coverage.If wireless terminal moves apart the overlay area of described WLAN on the contrary, it may finally can not detect or can not measure the OTD value between formerly obtained some or all BTS of its GTD value among the described WLAN so.If this kind situation takes place, so wireless terminal can withdraw from described program (for example attempt re-executing step 1004 unsuccessful after).
4. expand to a plurality of WLAN
Each conception of species as herein described and technology can determine when in the overlay area that might be in concrete WLAN wireless terminal.Can expand described notion and technology so that wireless terminal can determine when in the overlay area that might be among some WLAN any one by each WLAN being repeated said procedure respectively or repeat said procedure side by side.Also can make wireless terminal can determine on arbitrary position, might be in the overlay area of a more than WLAN.In this case, will be on same position repeat above in the program that is used to detect WLAN described in the 3.4th part, and can obtain result in the coverage that described wireless terminal is in two or more WLAN at a more than WLAN (tandem ground or side by side).Described wireless terminal can select to attempt to select any one (for example, the most preferred WLAN) among the described WLAN subsequently.
5. expand by the help of WWAN
The finger print information that can for example use the arbitrary WLAN that creates in method described in the 3.3rd part by wireless terminal also can or fully offer wireless terminal-for example by the family expenses WWAN of wireless terminal or by service WWAN by network portion ground.This finger print information can be included in the described WLAN coverage territory can be detected a pair of or a pair of above BTS identity and be applicable to each GTD statistics (for example average GTD, minimum and maximum GTD) in described WLAN coverage territory to BTS.Provide described information can have following advantage: can avoid in each wireless terminal, utilizing originally to obtaining required time of described information and resource.In addition, described information may be more reliable.For example, Virtual network operator may be known himself BTS and may belong to the accurate coordinates of the BTS of other network, and may know the position (for example position coordinates of WLAN access point) of WLAN.Thereby Virtual network operator can accurately calculate the GTD statistics, and need not to implement any measurement.Then, can be as requested or institute's computing information is offered wireless terminal according to the decision of network or as the part of system or other broadcast message.
In some cases, Virtual network operator may not known the position of some WLAN or the coordinate of some BTS.In this case, Virtual network operator possibly can't calculate any finger print information (for example GTD statistics) of some WLAN, and/or possibly can't be calculated some finger print information of other WLAN---for example, comprise the finger print information to relevant information (GTD statistics) with some BTS.In other situation, Virtual network operator may not wish to support to search the expense of WLAN and BTS position or carry out the expense that fingerprint calculates.In described situation, wireless terminal can use the method in 3.3 parts for example to obtain the finger print information of WLAN.Wireless terminal can provide the finger print information that is obtained to network (for example home network or current service network) subsequently.Then, described network can be combined with the finger print information that receives from many wireless terminals, to obtain the finger print information of bigger quantity WLAN---for example, the finger print information of all WLAN that visit by the wireless terminal of reporting.In addition, described network can be combined with the finger print information that receives from the different radio terminal about same WLAN, so that obtain the more reliable finger print information of described WLAN.For example, if two different radio terminals same WLAN is provided with different B TS to relevant GTD statistics, so described network is can be with described information combined and obtain the right GTD statistics of one group of BTS that made up.In addition, if two wireless terminals all provide same WLAN about the right GTD information of identical BTS, so described network can be combined to the information of BTS with each.For example, the mean value of less one and/or two the average GTD values that provide in bigger by one in the maximum GTD value of desirable two of providing of described network, two minimum GTD values being provided.If many wireless terminals provide same WLAN about the right GTD information of identical BTS, so described network also can by search from arbitrary wireless terminal with other wireless terminal or other wireless terminal the different or inconsistent GTD information of GTD information that most of terminal provided detect wrong GTD information.
Then, the finger print information that is made up can be offered each wireless terminal---for example as requested, according to the decision of network or by broadcasting.By this expansion, the finger print information that wireless terminal will obtain finger print information and obtain the much more WLAN of quantity in the time of can carrying out separately than it fasterly.In addition, the finger print information that is obtained can be more accurately with reliable.
6. use the OTD measured value to obtain BTS position and RTD and GTD value
To describe now and use the OTD measured value to locate the two the example of program of wireless terminal and BTS.Also can expand described program and can derive RTD value and GTD value.
If wireless terminal measure belong to a certain WWAN each to the OTD between the contiguous BTS-and hypothesis WWAN technical support transmit-can obtain by trilateration so the position of terminal with implicit expression or explicit timing information (for example in GSM used explicit frame and bit number).Institute's observation time difference method (Enhanced Observed Time Difference) of the enhancing of described method by being used for the gsm wireless network (E-OTD), be used for the WCDMA wireless network observe arrive time difference method (Obeserved Time Difference of Arrival) (OTDOA) and the advanced forward link Trilateration methods (Advanced Forward Link Trilateration) that is used for cdma2000 and IS-95 wireless network (A-FLT) utilize.For E-OTD, OTDOA and A-FLT method, suppose the position that can obtain BTS.
Described program utilization by arbitrary wireless terminal to contiguous BTS between the measurement that OTD did-preferably simultaneously or be close to and side by side measure.Described program can require also can use independent independent, the accurate and reliable method of GPS for example or A-GPS to locate the terminal with OTD function.
For described program is illustrated, suppose that BTS P and Q (for example BTS P and the Q shown in Fig. 4) transmit an information sequence (for example through binary coding) separately, described information sequence contains implicit expression or explicit time reference, as illustrated in Figure 11.Suppose each sequence repeat regularly with a certain Fixed Time Interval TP under the situation of BTS P and under the situation of BTS Q with a certain Fixed Time Interval T QRepeat regularly and have the duration that can be equal to or less than described fixedly repetition interval.But repeat regularly to mean regularly and to repeat identifying information structure (for example GSM frame) but be not all or even any information (although certainly also can so) that repetition is contained in institute's repetitive structure.Suppose at a certain position L iThe particular wireless station 102 at place is measured from certain discerns transmission mark M in the transmission of BTS P PiWith from another transmission mark M in the transmission of BTS Q QiArrive the OTDi between the wireless terminal 102.For example, M PiAnd M QiCan be the beginning or the ending of the transfer sequence that repeats or certain the discernible point that is positioned at the centre.For guaranteeing accuracy, described transmission should keep high precision and stability, although there is the transmission drift in tolerable.Need not to carry out the synchronization transmission.
The RTDi between the mark of respectively transmitting that wireless terminal 102 is measured is defined as poor from its absolute transmission time of each BTS, but not it is the time of advent at wireless terminal 102 places poor (it provides OTDi).If wireless terminal 102 is equidistant with described two BTS, RTDi equals OTDi so.Otherwise RTDi is relevant with the distance that OTDi presses between following formula and wireless terminal 102 and BTS P and the BTS Q:
Make T (M Ri)=mark M RiIn the absolute transmission time that BTS R (R=P or Q) locates
A (M Ri)=mark M RiAt position L iThe absolute time of advent that (R=P or Q) locates
OTDi=A (M so Pi)-A (M Qi)
(6-1)
RTDi＝T(M Pi)-T(M Qi)
(6-2)
Provide OTDi-RTDi=GTDi
(6-3)
＝(A(M Pi)-T(M Pi))-(A(M Qi-T(M Qi)
＝(D pi-D Qi)/c
＝[((y i-y P) 2+(x i-x P) 2) 1/2-((y i-y Q) 2+(x i-x Q) 2) 1/2]/c
(6-4)
GTDi=position L wherein iThe geometrical time difference at place
D Ri=L iAnd the distance between the BTS R (R=P or Q)
C=signal velocity (for example, the light velocity)
(x R, y R) be horizontal x, the y coordinate of BTS R position (R=P or Q); And
(x i, y i) be horizontal x, the y coordinate of position Li
If the position L of wireless terminal 102 iHorizontal coordinate for example be to use GPS or A-GPS position to obtain independently, in equation (6-4), have x and y coordinate and the mark M of five known variables-each BTS so PiWith M QiBetween RTD.Thereby being marked at the OTD measured value that five diverse location Li (i=1,2,3,4,5) locate with some will be enough to solve described five variablees usually.
Same wireless terminal 102 can not be measured described same tag exactly, because terminal must be measured constantly in difference.Therefore, RTDi (i=1,2,3 ...) value may not be all identical.Yet, if can obtain poor between the RTD, a so available shared unknown RTD expresses each RTD, thereby allows equation (6-4) if the coordinate-wireless terminal 102 that can solve described RTD value and solve described two BTS carries out 5 independent OTD measurements 5 independent positions.
For wireless terminal 102 in diverse location Li (i=1,2,3 ...) the different measuring that carries out in the place, be applicable at any two position L jAnd L k(j#k) RTD that measures of place is relevant by following formula:
RTDj-RTDk＝[T(M Pj)-T(M Qj)]-[T(M Pk)-T(M Qk)] (j#k)
＝[T(M Pj)-T(M Pk)]-[T(M Qj)-T(M Qk)]
(6-5)
If known two time intervals that can discern between the transmission mark from same BTS, can to obtain RTD poor for equation (6-5) so.If described two transmission mark in the present same transfer sequence and its relative time of occurrence in described transfer sequence is known, can be so.When described two transmission mark in the present different transfer sequence, if the time interval the beginning of the time interval from the beginning of each transfer sequence to each transmission mark and described two transfer sequences is all known, so also will be like this.When the time interval between each continuous transfer sequence is known and fixing and when thereby each transfer sequence carries explicit or implicit sequence number and allows the transfer sequence quantity of acquisition from the transfer sequence that contains first mark to the transfer sequence that contains second mark, can learn the time interval between the beginning of described two transfer sequences.If each sequence is not with numbering, in equation (6-5), be (n*T so P+ m*T Q) there is ambiguity in the value of RTD difference of form, wherein n and m are positive integer or negative integer (corresponding to the unknown number from the transfer sequence between the mark of each BTS) and T PAnd T QBe respectively from the supposition Fixed Time Interval between the beginning of the continuous transfer sequence of BTS P and BTS Q.Yet, if the repetition interval of transfer sequence all identical for each BTS (be T P=T Q) and compare greatly (the BTS propagation delay that promptly arrives any terminal is all much smaller than described repetition interval) with the maximum value of equation (6-4) right-hand side, the ambiguity of RTD difference disappears so, because uncertain formula (n+m) * is T PMaximum values separating of equation (6-4) will be provided.
If from the transmission instability of BTS P and Q, but drift in time, so from having arbitrary signal S of arbitrary BTS R (R=P or Q) of expection transmission time t R(t) the absolute transmission time can drift about by following formula:
T (S R(t))=t+a R1T+a R2t 2+ a R3t 3+ ... (R=P or Q)
(6-6)
A wherein Ri=fixing little coefficient (i 〉=1, R=P or Q)
For having expection transmission time (the t+ Δ t that is in close proximity to t separately P) and (t+ Δ t Q) one of two transmission mark-each BTS, the RTD that is obtained for described transmission mark will be by the following formula approximate representation:
RTD(t)＝T(S P(t+Δt P))-T(S Q(t+Δt Q))
＝[(t+Δt P)+a P1(t+Δt P)+a P2(t+Δt P) 2+a P3(t+Δt P) 3+...]
-[(t+Δt Q)+a Q1(t+Δt Q)+a Q2(t+Δt Q) 2+a Q3(t+Δt Q) 3+
...]
≈(Δt P-Δt Q)+(a P1-a Q1)t+(a P2-a Q2)t 2+(a P3-a Q3)t 3+
...(6-7)
＝RTD+b 1t+b 2t 2+b 3t 3+...
(6-8)
Where?RTD＝(Δt P-Δt Q)；and
b i＝(a Pi-a Qi) (i≥1)
By ignoring a little level time (a RiΔ t R) (R=P or Q, i 〉=1) and obtain equation (6-7).Resulting RTD contains the real RTD that will be suitable for and adds some error terms corresponding to linear drift in time, secondary drift, three drifts etc. under no any drift situation in equation (6-8).
For the RTD of linear drift only, (it obtains when only having well-known linear drift for common type drift when transmit timing) is at i〉1, coefficient b iTo all be zero.For only secondary drift, at i〉2, b iTo all be zero, the rest may be inferred.Usually, higher coefficient will or approach 0 for 0, this means that variable quantity to be found the solution in equation (6-4) increases less quantity as the RTD in the equation (6-4) during from equation (6-8), and described less quantity is the quantity of unknown non-0 coefficient in the equation (6-8).By increasing the extra OTD measured value of the equal number of self terminal on multiposition more, the coordinate of BTS will can be obtained still.
In case obtained the BTS position, just can use equation (6-4), be used to the specific transmission mark that repeats with the same fixed time interval from each BTS and obtain RTD between a pair of BTS.Under the situation of GSM and WCDMA, use the transmission frame of regular repetition to make it possible to select this mark with fixing known duration.For example, described mark can be the initial of each continuous GSM transmission frame.Use this mark, being in each RTD applicatory of the different moment at diverse location can be identical, because each in the equation (6-5) will be 0.Thereby, arbitrary RTD to BTS all define make leading or lag behind time cycle from the transmission of a BTS from the transmission of another BTS.Almost measure describedly simultaneously if obtain the position coordinates of wireless terminal 102 and described terminal subsequently, can obtain RTD from (6-4) so the OTD between the BTS.
In equation (6-3), depend upon position L for arbitrary GTD that BTS is defined iAnd the position of described BTS, as shown in the equation (6-4), and do not depend upon specific OTD or RTD value.Equation (6-3) shows, if known RTD (for example before obtaining on certain other position and in a certain previous time) can obtain the GTD of described position so by the OTD that measures arbitrary position.Equation (6-4) also shows, can obtain GTD from the position of terminal and the position of described BTS.
7. be used to locate the each side of the method for first network
Figure 12 is the flow chart of the example of the graphic extension method that is used to locate first network.In step 1202, obtain in second network transmission time difference of mark between two transmitters.In aspect of described method, this can realize in the following manner: obtain in described two transmitters the position of each and use the difference time of advent of described position and described mark to obtain the transmission time difference of described mark.Can use the time of advent difference of mark between described two transmitters and obtain in described two transmitters each position in the position that receives described mark.Another is chosen as, and can use from time of advent of one mark in the described transmitter and receives from the position of one described mark described in the described transmitter or use the signal propagation time of stating described in the transmitter one described mark from two diverse location places obtain described in the described transmitter one position of (or both).In the alternative aspect of described method, can provide the transmission time difference of the mark between described two transmitters by second network.In another alternative aspect of described method, the signal propagation delay that can be by using the mark of each in described two transmitters and the transmission time difference that obtains the mark between described two transmitters the time of advent of mark.
In step 1204, the time of advent of measuring the mark between described two transmitters is poor.
In step 1206, based on the transmission time difference of mark and the time of advent difference locate described first network.Can by with the transmission time difference of mark and the time of advent difference compare with the fingerprint of first network and locate described first network.Described fingerprint by detect first network and when detecting described first network record mark transmission time difference and the time of advent difference create.In case orient described first network, just can insert to it.
8. the each side of wireless terminal
Figure 13 is a functional block diagram, and its graphic extension is configured to the example of the wireless terminal operated in first network.Wireless terminal 102 comprises module 1302, and it is used for obtaining the transmission time difference of the mark between two transmitters of second network.In aspect of wireless terminal 102, this can realize in the following manner: obtain in described two transmitters the position of each, and use the difference time of advent of described position and described mark to obtain the transmission time difference of described mark.The position that can use the time of advent difference of the mark between described two transmitters and receive described mark obtains in described two transmitters the position of each.Another is chosen as, and can use from the time of advent of one mark described in the described transmitter and from described transmitter one to receive the position of described mark or use the signal propagation time of stating in the transmitter one described mark from two diverse location places obtain described in the described transmitter one position of (or the two).In the alternative aspect of wireless terminal 102, can provide the transmission time difference of the mark between described two transmitters by second network.In another alternative aspect of wireless terminal, the signal propagation delay that can be by using the mark of each in described two transmitters and the transmission time difference that obtains the mark between described two transmitters the time of advent of mark.
Wireless terminal 102 also comprises module 1304, and its time of advent that is used to measure the mark between described two transmitters is poor.
Wireless terminal 102 further comprises module 1306, and it is used for based on the transmission time difference of mark and differs from the time of advent locating described first network.Can by with the transmission time difference of mark and the time of advent difference compare with the fingerprint of first network and locate described first network.The fingerprint of described first network can by detect first network and when detecting described first network record mark transmission time difference and the time of advent difference create.In case detect described first network, wireless terminal 102 just can insert it.
Provide above-mentioned explanation so that the person of ordinary skill in the field puts into practice various embodiment as herein described.Those persons of ordinary skill in the field easily know the various modifications to described embodiment, and the General Principle that this paper defined can be applicable to other embodiment.Therefore, claims do not plan to be defined in embodiment illustrated herein, but give itself and the corresponding to four corner of claims language, unless wherein clearly indicate, otherwise mention that with singulative an element do not plan expression " and only ", but the meaning of " one or more ".All structures of the element of the described various embodiment of described whole disclosure that the those skilled in the art of affiliated technical field have understood or after this will understand and functional equivalent all are incorporated herein and plan with way of reference clearly and be encompassed in claims.And, no matter whether in claims, quote this disclosure clearly, content disclosed herein does not all plan to offer to the public.Each claim key element is not all explained according to the regulation of the 6th section of 35 U.S.C. § 12, unless described key element clearly described in use phrase " device that is used for ", or uses phrase " step that is used for " to describe described key element in the method item.

Claims (52)

1, a kind of method that is used to locate first network, it comprises:
Obtain in second network transmission time difference of the mark between two transmitters;
The time of advent of measuring the described mark between described two transmitters is poor; And
Based on the described transmission time difference of described mark and the described time of advent difference locate described first network.
2, method as claimed in claim 1, it further comprises insert described first network when described first network is positioned.
3, the method for claim 1, it further comprises the position that obtains in described two transmitters each and uses described time of advent of the difference of described position and described mark to obtain the described transmission time difference of described mark.
4, method as claimed in claim 3, wherein use described mark between described two transmitters described time of advent difference and the position that receives described mark obtain in described two transmitters each described position.
5, method as claimed in claim 3 is wherein used from time of advent of one described mark in the described transmitter and receives position from one described mark described in the described transmitter to obtain described in the described transmitter one position.
6, method as claimed in claim 3 is wherein by using the signal propagation time of stating in the transmitter one described mark from two diverse location places to obtain described in the described transmitter one position.
7, the method for claim 1 is wherein provided the described transmission time difference of the described mark between described two transmitters by described second network.
8, the method for claim 1, wherein the signal propagation delay by using the described mark of each in described two transmitters and the described transmission time difference that obtains the described mark between described two transmitters the described time of advent of described mark.
9, the method for claim 1 wherein makes described two transmitters synchronous, and wherein the described transmission time difference of the described mark between described two transmitters is set at zero.
10, the method for claim 1, wherein by with the described transmission time difference of described mark and the described time of advent difference compare with the fingerprint of described first network and locate described first network.
11, method as claimed in claim 10, its further comprise by detect described first network and when detecting described first network, write down described mark described transmission time difference and the described time of advent difference create described fingerprint.
12, method as claimed in claim 10, it further comprises at least a portion that receives described fingerprint from described second network.
13, method as claimed in claim 10, it further comprises: obtain preliminary fingerprint, described preliminary fingerprint is offered described second network to create at least a portion of described fingerprint, reach the described at least a portion that receives described fingerprint from described second network.
14, a kind of wireless terminal of in first network, operating of being configured to, it comprises:
At least one processor, it is configured to: the transmission time difference that obtains in second network mark between two transmitters, the time of advent of measuring the described mark between described two transmitters is poor, and based on the described transmission time difference of described mark and the described time of advent difference locate described first network; And
Memory, it is coupled to described at least one processor.
15, wireless terminal as claimed in claim 14, wherein said at least one processor further are configured to insert described first network when described first network is positioned.
16, wireless terminal as claimed in claim 14, wherein said at least one processor further are configured to obtain in described two transmitters the position of each and use described time of advent of the difference of described position and described mark to obtain the described transmission time difference of described mark.
17, wireless terminal as claimed in claim 16, wherein said at least one processor further be configured to use described mark between described two transmitters described time of advent difference and the position of described wireless terminal locate in described two transmitters each.
18, wireless terminal as claimed in claim 16, wherein said at least one processor further are configured to use from the time of advent of one described mark in the described transmitter and the described position of described wireless terminal locating described one in the described transmitter.
19, wireless terminal as claimed in claim 16, wherein said at least one processor further are configured to use the signal propagation time of stating in the transmitter one described mark from two diverse location places to locate described one in the described transmitter.
20, wireless terminal as claimed in claim 14, wherein said at least one processor further are configured to receive from described second network described transmission time difference of the described mark between described two transmitters.
21, wireless terminal as claimed in claim 14, wherein said at least one processor further are configured to use the signal propagation delay of the described mark of each in described two transmitters and the described transmission time difference that obtains the described mark between described two transmitters the described time of advent of described mark.
22, wireless terminal as claimed in claim 14, wherein said two transmitters are by synchronously, and wherein said processor further is configured to the described transmission time difference of the described mark between described two transmitters is set at zero.
23, wireless terminal as claimed in claim 14, wherein said at least one processor further be configured to by with the described transmission time difference of described mark and the described time of advent difference compare with the fingerprint of described first network and locate described first network.
24, wireless terminal as claimed in claim 23, wherein said at least one processor further be configured to by detect described first network and when detecting described first network, write down described mark described transmission time difference and the described time of advent difference create described fingerprint.
25, wireless terminal as claimed in claim 23, wherein said processor further are configured to receive from described second network at least a portion of described fingerprint.
26, wireless terminal as claimed in claim 23, wherein said processor further is configured to: obtain preliminary fingerprint, described preliminary fingerprint is offered described second network to create at least a portion of described fingerprint, reach the described at least a portion that receives described fingerprint from described second network.
27, a kind of wireless terminal of in first network, operating of being configured to, it comprises:
Obtain device, it is used for obtaining the transmission time difference of the mark between two transmitters of second network;
Measurement mechanism, its time of advent that is used to measure the described mark between described two transmitters is poor; And
Positioner, it is used for based on the described transmission time difference of described mark and differs from the described time of advent locating described first network.
28, wireless terminal as claimed in claim 27, it further comprises access device, described access device is used for inserting described first network when described first network is positioned.
29, wireless terminal as claimed in claim 27, the wherein said device that is used for obtaining the transmission time difference of the mark between described two transmitters comprise be used to obtain described two transmitters each the position and use described time of advent of the difference of described position and described mark to obtain the device of the described transmission time difference of described mark.
30, wireless terminal as claimed in claim 29, wherein said be used for obtaining each the device of position of described two transmitters comprise the described mark that is used for using between described two transmitters described time of advent difference and the position of described wireless terminal obtain each the device of described position of described two transmitters.
31, wireless terminal as claimed in claim 29 wherein saidly is used for obtaining each the device of position of described two transmitters and comprises and be used for using the device of locating described one in the described transmitter from the position of described time of advent of the described mark of described transmitter and described wireless device.
32, wireless terminal as claimed in claim 29 wherein saidly is used for obtaining each the device of position of described two transmitters and comprises and be used for using the signal propagation time of stating the described mark of transmitter from two diverse location places to locate the device of described one in the described transmitter.
33, wireless terminal as claimed in claim 27, the wherein said device that is used to obtain the transmission time difference of the described mark between described two transmitters is configured to receive described transmission time difference from described second network.
34, wireless terminal as claimed in claim 27, the wherein said device that is used for obtaining the transmission time difference of the described mark between described two transmitters comprise and are used for each device of described two transmitters the described time of advent that is used for the signal propagation delay of described mark and described mark.
35, wireless terminal as claimed in claim 27, wherein said two transmitters are by synchronously, and the wherein said device that is used to obtain the transmission time difference of the described mark between described two transmitters comprises that the described transmission time difference that is used for described mark is set at zero device.
36, wireless terminal as claimed in claim 27, the wherein said device that is used to locate described first network comprise and being used for the described transmission time difference of described mark and the device that the described time of advent, difference was compared with the fingerprint of described first network.
37, wireless terminal as claimed in claim 36, its further comprise be used for by detect described first network and when detecting described first network, write down described mark described transmission time difference and the described time of advent difference create the device of described fingerprint.
38, wireless terminal as claimed in claim 36, it further comprises the device that is used for receiving from described second network at least a portion of described fingerprint.
39, wireless terminal as claimed in claim 36, it further comprises the device that is used for following operation: obtain preliminary fingerprint, described preliminary fingerprint is offered described second network to create at least a portion of described fingerprint, reach the described at least a portion that receives described fingerprint from described second network.
40, a kind of computer program, it comprises:
Computer-readable media, it comprises:
Be used for causing at least one computer to obtain the code of the transmission time difference of the mark between two transmitters of second network;
Be used to cause the poor code time of advent of the described mark between described two transmitters of described at least one computer measurement; And
Be used to cause described at least one computer based in the described transmission time difference of described mark and the described time of advent difference locate the code of described first network.
41, computer program as claimed in claim 40, wherein said computer-readable media further comprise and are used to cause described at least one computer to insert the code of described first network when described first network is positioned.
42, computer program as claimed in claim 40, the wherein said code that is used for causing at least one computer to obtain the transmission time difference of the mark between two transmitters of second network comprise in order to the code that obtains the position of each in described two transmitters and obtain the code of the described transmission time difference of described mark in order to described time of advent of the difference of using described position and described mark.
43, computer program as claimed in claim 42, the wherein said code that is used for causing at least one computer to obtain the transmission time difference of the mark between two transmitters of second network comprise in order to use described mark between described two transmitters described time of advent difference and the position of described wireless terminal obtain the code of the position of each in described two transmitters.
44, computer program as claimed in claim 42, the wherein said code that is used for causing at least one computer to obtain the transmission time difference of the mark between two transmitters of second network comprise the code of locating described one in the described transmitter from the described position of described time of advent of one described mark in the described transmitter and described wireless device in order to use.
45, computer program as claimed in claim 42, the wherein said code that is used for causing at least one computer to obtain the transmission time difference of the mark between two transmitters of second network comprise in order to use the signal propagation time of stating in the transmitter one described mark from two diverse location places to locate the code of described one in the described transmitter.
46, computer program as claimed in claim 40, the wherein said code that is used for causing at least one computer to obtain the transmission time difference of the mark between two transmitters of second network comprises in order to receive the code of described transmission time difference from described second network.
47, computer program as claimed in claim 40, the wherein said code that is used for causing at least one computer to obtain the transmission time difference of the mark between two transmitters of second network comprises in order to the signal propagation delay that uses the described mark of each in described two transmitters and the code that obtains described transmission time difference the described time of advent from described second network of described mark.
48, computer program as claimed in claim 40, wherein said two transmitters are by synchronously, and the wherein said code that is used for causing at least one computer to obtain the transmission time difference of the mark between two transmitters of second network comprises in order to the described transmission time difference with the described mark between described two transmitters and is set at zero code.
49, computer program as claimed in claim 31 wherein saidly is used to cause described at least one computer based to comprise in order to the described transmission time difference of described mark and the code that the described time of advent, difference was compared with the fingerprint of described first network in the transmission time difference of described marker field and code that the time of advent, difference was located described first network.
50, computer program as claimed in claim 49, wherein said computer-readable media further comprise be used to cause described at least one computer by detect described first network and when detecting described first network, write down described mark described transmission time difference and the described time of advent difference create the code of described fingerprint.
51, computer program as claimed in claim 49, wherein said computer-readable media further comprise and are used to cause described at least one computer to receive the code of at least a portion of described fingerprint from described second network.
52, computer program as claimed in claim 49, wherein said computer-readable media further comprises the code that is used to cause the following operation of described at least one computer execution: obtain preliminary fingerprint, described preliminary fingerprint is offered described second network to create at least a portion of described fingerprint, reach the described at least a portion that receives described fingerprint from described second network.
CNA2007800086443A 2006-04-12 2007-04-12 Method and apparatus for locating a wireless local area network associated with a wireless wide area network Pending CN101401478A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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US60/792,252 2006-04-12
US11/691,416 2007-03-26

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101873357A (en) * 2010-05-24 2010-10-27 上海宏美通信设备有限公司 Method for automatically discovering wireless access points
CN109597024A (en) * 2018-11-19 2019-04-09 南京财经大学 Indoor zone location method and system based on asynchronous sensing data

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101873357A (en) * 2010-05-24 2010-10-27 上海宏美通信设备有限公司 Method for automatically discovering wireless access points
CN109597024A (en) * 2018-11-19 2019-04-09 南京财经大学 Indoor zone location method and system based on asynchronous sensing data
CN109597024B (en) * 2018-11-19 2020-05-12 南京财经大学 Indoor area positioning method and system based on asynchronous sensing data

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