CN101394085A - Current limiting device based on quick converting switch and liquid metal current limiting device, current limiting method therefor - Google Patents
Current limiting device based on quick converting switch and liquid metal current limiting device, current limiting method therefor Download PDFInfo
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- CN101394085A CN101394085A CNA2008102320047A CN200810232004A CN101394085A CN 101394085 A CN101394085 A CN 101394085A CN A2008102320047 A CNA2008102320047 A CN A2008102320047A CN 200810232004 A CN200810232004 A CN 200810232004A CN 101394085 A CN101394085 A CN 101394085A
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Abstract
Based on a quick switcher and a liquid metal flow restricting device and a flow restricting method, the quick switcher is connected with the liquid metal flow restricting device in parallel and then connected with a circuit breaker in series. Under normal working circumstances, most of the currents can flow through the branch circuit in which the quick switcher is arranged nearly without loss; and once the short circuit current error occurs, a repulsion force mechanism quickly drives a connecting rod to cause a bridge contact to realize quick disjunction, and the currents are gradually transferred to the branch circuit in which the liquid metal flow restricting device is arranged. When the liquid metal flow restricting device restrains the short circuit currents to a range which the circuit breaker can open and close, the circuit breaker can open and close the short circuit currents. The invention has a simple structure, is particularly suitable for restraining the error currents in middle-lower pressure field AC/DC system, and can reduce the burden of various electrical devices such as circuit breaker.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to be used for the major technique of electric switch equipment, be applicable to the technology of mesolow domain restrictions ac and dc systems fault current, particularly a kind of based on quick converting switch and liquid metal current-limiting apparatus and current-limiting method.
Background technology
Along with the increase year by year of electric power system capacity, grid short circuit capacity and short circuit current level are also in continuous growth, and this has become a major issue of restriction operation of power networks and development at present.Therefore, study effective short circuit current limitation device,, thereby improve the operational reliability of electric power system, become the pressing issues of power system safety and stability operation of present China and power construction, development with the capacity of short circuit of restriction electric power system.Up to the present, the technology that is applied to the short circuit current limitation aspect mainly contains: series connection current-limiting reactor, solid-state short trouble current limliting, superconductive failure current limiter, PTC resistance current limliting or use large capcity breaker, current limiting fuse or the like.
The series connection current-limiting reactor is the conventional way that in the past was used for current limliting, but it understands inevitable consumed power under the electrical network normal operation, cause unnecessary economic loss.
Solid-state short trouble current limiting technique is the current-limiting mode with the power electronic technology fast development,
Mainly by conventional reactor, power electronic device (controllable power semiconductor device) and controller constitute (Jiang Daozhuo, Ao Zhixiang, Lu Xuri, Lin Rilei, Chen Shisheng. short circuit current limitation Study on Technology and development [J]. Power System and its Automation journal .2007, Vol 19 No.3:pp.9-11.), its topological structure is various informative, at (T.Ueda, M.Morita, H.Arita, J.Kida, Y.Kurosawa, T.Yamagiwa.Solid-State Current Limiter for Power DistributionSyetem.IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery[J] .1993, Vol.8 No.4:pp.1796-1801.) in the usefulness mentioned QA turn-off transistor (GTO) switch with one impedance is in parallel and fault current limiter that constitute is exactly when short trouble takes place, shutoff by GTO, make reactor seal in circuit, thereby change the impedance and the induction reactance parameter of fault electrical network fast, fault current is limited in lower level.But because the inherent loss problem that the high current power electronic device exists is restricted it on using.
Superconductive failure current limiter finds that in the eighties in 20th century high-temperature superconductor receives much concern later on, its principle is utilizes the transformation of superconductor S/N state to come current limliting (Jiang Daozhuo, Ao Zhixiang, Lu Xuri, Lin Rilei, Chen Shisheng. short circuit current limitation Study on Technology and development [J]. Power System and its Automation journal .2007, Vol19 No.3:pp.9-11.), as the patent No. is 200610125194.3, patent name be ' superconducting hybrid current limiting switch ' patent (Zhuan Jingwu. superconducting hybrid current limiting switch [P]. Chinese invention patent, 200610125194.3.), be that solid-state switch and superconductive current limiter series connection back is in parallel with electromagnetic repulsion force formula mechanical switch, when line failure, but electric current is limited in the scope of solid-state switch disjunction, and utilizes solid-state switch that short circuit current is cut-off by the circuit that seals in of superconductive current limiter.But superconductor is used for still immature, the poor reliability of the application technology of large-power occasions aspect, simultaneously since superconductor to return to the superconducting state time longer, generally be difficult to satisfy the requirement of aspects such as automatic reclosing, need attached refrigerant and refrigeration plants such as liquid nitrogen when also exist recovering, problem such as additional loss is big.
Current-limiting fuse is present unique business-like fault current limiter; utilize the rapidity of fuse short circuit current can be imposed restrictions on before arriving first peak value; as the patent No. is 200410025999.1; patent name is that (brother is new for the patent of ' big capacity short circuit current cut-off device '; Wang Jimei; Liu Donghui. big capacity short circuit current cut-off device [P]. Chinese invention patent; 200410025999.1.) finish cut-offfing of big overload current and short circuit current with current limiting fuse; but fuse is a single motion; reduced the automatization level of system's operation; while is owing to the time of himself starting the arc is longer; for the electrical network of labyrinth, sacrificed the selectivity of protection.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming of above-mentioned prior art, a kind of burden that can alleviate various electric equipments such as circuit breaker be provided, effectively suppress short-circuit current based on quick converting switch and liquid metal current-limiting apparatus and current-limiting method.
For achieving the above object, current-limiting apparatus of the present invention comprises: quick converting switch and the liquid metal current-limiting apparatus connected with circuit breaker in back in parallel, quick converting switch comprises bridge contact and repulsive force mechanism, said bridge contact comprises moving contact and the fixed contact that is connected with circuit breaker, repulsive force mechanism comprises metal dish and sandwich wound coil, also be electrically connected with charging circuit on the sandwich wound coil, bridge contact is connected by connecting rod with repulsive force mechanism, the solid state electrode terminal that said liquid metal current-limiting apparatus comprises package casing and is arranged on these shell both sides, in the closed cavity of shell and the formation of solid state electrode terminal, be provided with the some groups of dividing plates that have through hole, and in this closed cavity, be filled with the liquid metal of underfill closed cavity.
Charging circuit of the present invention comprise electric capacity and be connected on electric capacity and the disc type ring formation between thyristor, and also be parallel with diode D in a side of sandwich wound coil; Liquid metal is a gallium-indium-tin alloy; Through hole on the dividing plate is one or more.
Current-limiting method of the present invention is: will connect with circuit breaker after liquid metal current-limiting apparatus and the quick converting switch parallel connection, when short trouble takes place, the repulsive force mechanism of quick converting switch moves rapidly, at the very short electric arc of change over switch contact disjunction moment formation, make fault current be transferred to the liquid metal current-limiting apparatus, the starting the arc by the liquid metal current-limiting apparatus at last realizes current limliting.
Said liquid metal current-limiting apparatus restorability only can play the effect of limiting short-circuit current peak value and it can't be cut off, so short circuit current is finally cut off by series connection circuit breaker in the line, but because the metering function of liquid metal current-limiting apparatus reduces the requirement of cut-offfing capacity to circuit breaker itself;
Sandwich wound coil in the said quick converting switch repulsive force mechanism is charged to it by precharge electric capacity, the pre-charge current of electric capacity is by conducting or the shutoff control of thyristor SCR, diode plays the afterflow effect to sandwich wound coil when thyristor turn-offs, under the effect of pulse current, induce eddy current in the metal dish and make sandwich wound coil and metal dish between produce powerful electromagnetic repulsion force, thereby the drivening rod motion realizes the quick disjunction of dynamic and static contact;
Said liquid metal is filled in a series of contraction-expansion structures that are made of dividing plate and closure, but the space of the whole sealing of underfill, when line current increases, because the spacer structure of this contraction-expansion, the current density in through hole cross section, magnetic flux density and radial pressure are strengthened, make the liquid metal fast contraction and the gasification of through hole section, thereby cause the arcing in the through hole, because the liquid metal current-limiting apparatus is made up of a plurality of dividing plates, so form the series connection of a plurality of electric arcs, cause total arc voltage to raise, reach the purpose of restriction electric current.
The present invention has following technical characterstic:
1) quick converting switch and the parallel connection of liquid metal current-limiting apparatus are in the line.Under the normal running conditions, most of electric current flows through the branch road at quick converting switch place, and the bridge contact contact in the quick converting switch is reliable, and temperature rise is low, has good electric stability and dynamic stability.The liquid metal current-limiting apparatus is not so good as bridge contact aspect dynamic stability and thermal stability, the unsteadiness that such design may cause in the time of can avoiding current fluctuation in the long-term liquid metal flowing current-limiting apparatus of specified big electric current or the occurrent normal range (NR) of electrical network is in order to avoid cause the action that the liquid metal current-limiting apparatus is unnecessary.
2) the electromagnetic repulsion force mechanism in the quick converting switch is a kind of novel quick operating mechanism that utilizes vortex principle to make, can drivening rod, and then realize the quick disjunction of bridge contact, electric current is transferred on the branch road of liquid metal current-limiting apparatus gradually.The serious scaling loss of contact that has been run into when the reaction time has solved the thousands of peace short circuit current of high-speed switch direct disjunction faster, be difficult to disjunction or the like difficult problem.
3) adopt liquid metal current-limiting apparatus restriction short-circuit current.Liquid metal does not need contact pressure as the electric conductor of current-limiting apparatus, and its flowability can make flow restricter not have moving part.This current-limiting apparatus is placed in the airtight container, and breaking course does not have arc-plasma ejection, when fault current hour, flow restricter can recover automatically.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an overall structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
Principle schematic when Fig. 2 works for the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of liquid metal current-limiting apparatus, and 1a and 1b are the solid-state terminal at device two ends, and 2 is the aperture on the slit dividing plate, 3 for being filled in the liquid metal in this device, and the whole space of underfill, the 4 slit dividing plates of making for insulating trip, 5 is closure;
Fig. 4 is the operation principle schematic diagram of liquid metal current-limiting apparatus;
Fig. 5 is the structure principle chart of quick converting switch, and 6 is the moving contact of bridge contact, and 7 is the fixed contact of bridge contact, 8 is the metal dish in the repulsive force mechanism, 9 is the sandwich wound coil in the repulsive force mechanism, and 10 is connecting rod, and the circuit in the frame of broken lines is the charging circuit 11 of sandwich wound coil;
Fig. 6 is the work schematic diagram of repulsive force mechanism in the rapid on-off apparatus;
Waveform recording figure when Fig. 7 experimentizes for the research method among employing the present invention.
Below in conjunction with the embodiment that the principle and the inventor of accompanying drawing and technical scheme provides, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment
The design feature of integral body of the present invention and operation principle
As shown in Figure 1, of the present invention is to connect with circuit breaker (CB) after quick converting switch (FTS) and liquid metal current-limiting apparatus (LMCL) parallel connection again.
Its operation principle such as Fig. 2:
(a) circuit is under the normal operation, and the resistance of bridge contact is big in the resistance ratio quick converting switch (FTS) of liquid metal current-limiting apparatus (LMCL), and is so most of electric current flows through quick converting switch (FTS), almost lossless to circuit;
(b) line load Z
LPlace's fault that is short-circuited, the rapid conducting of thyristor SCR in the charging circuit 11 (referring to Fig. 6) of sandwich wound coil 9, precharge capacitor C is to sandwich wound coil 9 discharges, produces one and holds time and be several milliseconds pulse current i
q, under the effect of pulse current, metal dish 8 induces eddy current i
pAnd make the powerful electromagnetic repulsion force of generation between sandwich wound coil 9 and the metal dish 8, thereby drivening rod 10 motions realize the quick disjunction of bridge contact.Electric arc occurs in the middle of the moving contact 6 of bridge contact and the fixed contact 7, the about 20V of arc voltage, electric current all transfer to rapidly on the branch road of liquid metal current-limiting apparatus (LMCL), the arc extinction between the dynamic/static contact;
(c) because current transfer needs the regular hour, in the current transfer process, short circuit current is still in continuous rising, and after finishing to current transfer, liquid metal current-limiting apparatus (LMCL) just begins arcing.Light the short arc of a plurality of series connection in the through hole 2 of dividing plate 4, produced higher arc voltage, limited short-circuit current;
(d) because the flowability of liquid metal 3, the liquid metal current-limiting apparatus (LMCL) can not provide lasting off state, can not cut-off short circuit current fully, so earlier by liquid metal current-limiting apparatus (LMCL) but short circuit current is restricted within the scope of circuit breaker CB disjunction, finally cut-off short circuit current by circuit breaker CB.
The design feature of quick converting switch and operation principle
Referring to Fig. 5, quick converting switch (FTS) is made up of bridge contact and repulsive force mechanism, is connected by connecting rod 10 between them: bridge contact comprise moving contact 6 and with each one of circuit breaker CB fixed contact 7; Repulsive force mechanism comprises metal dish 8 and sandwich wound coil 9, sandwich wound coil 9 by special charging circuit 11 to its charging.Thyristor SCR is in off state when circuit normally moves, in case line failure, thyristor SCR conducting, charged in advance capacitor C is charged to sandwich wound coil 9, in order to prevent pulse current i
qOscillatory occurences takes place in the loop, in a side of sandwich wound coil 9 and link diode D, plays the afterflow effect.
The design feature of liquid metal current-limiting apparatus and operation principle
Referring to Fig. 3, liquid metal current-limiting apparatus LMCL has the shell 5 of closure, be provided with the dividing plate 4 of several band through holes 2 in the enclosure, this through hole is one or more, respectively there are solid-state terminal 1a, a 1b in two ends, the liquid metal 3 of gallium-indium-tin alloy is filled in such enclosure space, but the whole space of underfill.Electric current flows through positive terminal under normal operation, passes through liquid metal in the container again, flows through negative terminal at last.This special structural element of dividing plate slit that this liquid metal current-limiting apparatus (LMCL) has contraction-expansion can cause utmost point no nuniform circuit density distribution.When the electric current of liquid metal flowing current-limiting apparatus was very big, because the flowability of electromagnetic force and liquid, the liquid metal of insulating trip aperture part shrank.As Fig. 4 because the dividing plate narrow slit structure of contractions-expansion, make the current density and the magnetic flux density reinforcement of pore-throat partial cross section, and the magnetic flux density in other cross sections a little less than.Movably amount of fluid is less for the liquid metal of pore-throat part itself, adds the effect of long-range navigation magnetic force, and it is very fast that the contraction at this place is carried out.Joule heat gasifies the liquid metals of this part fast, and its effect is similar to fuse.Along with the contraction and the gasification of insulating trip pore-throat partially liq metal, electric arc just begins to light, and a plurality of insulating trips have been formed the series connection of a plurality of electric arcs, is equivalent to a plurality of series connection short arcs of traditional structure grid sheet arc extinguishing.
According to the design feature and the operation principle of above-mentioned liquid metal current-limiting apparatus, the inventor is that the current limiting performance of liquid towards metal current-limiting apparatus is tested under the situation of 1230A at electric current.Be the current limliting experimental result of liquid metal current-limiting apparatus below:
As Fig. 7, what waveform 1 was surveyed is prospective current, does not seal in liquid metal current-limiting apparatus (LMCL) in the circuit, but is in series with Power Diode Pumped, blocks the back half-wave of power current.The peak value of prospective current is 1230A; Record is the voltage at liquid metal current-limiting apparatus (LMCL) two ends when metering function takes place in the waveform 2; Waveform 3 is surveyed is the current waveform that seals in the circuit behind the liquid current-limiting apparatus, and as can be seen, the liquid metal current-limiting apparatus has just dropped to current peak about 890A when 2.2ms, and the distortion of current waveform generation is little.Because the liquid metal current-limiting apparatus that adopts during experiment is the single hole structure, the liquid metal current-limiting apparatus has played good current limitation effect, if use the device of open grain structure instead, will reach better current limitation effect.
Claims (8)
1, a kind of based on quick converting switch and liquid metal current-limiting apparatus, it is characterized in that: comprise quick converting switch (FTS) and the liquid metal current-limiting apparatus (LMCL) connected with circuit breaker (CB) in back in parallel, quick converting switch (FTS) comprises bridge contact and repulsive force mechanism, said bridge contact comprises moving contact (6) and the fixed contact (7) that is connected with circuit breaker (CB), repulsive force mechanism comprises metal dish (8) and sandwich wound coil (9), also be electrically connected with charging circuit (11) on the sandwich wound coil (9), bridge contact is connected by connecting rod (10) with repulsive force mechanism, solid state electrode terminal (the 1a that said liquid metal current-limiting apparatus (LMCL) comprises package casing (5) and is arranged on this shell (5) both sides, 1b), at shell (5) and solid state electrode terminal (1a, 1b) be provided with the some groups of dividing plates (4) that have through hole (2) in the closed cavity of Xing Chenging, and in this closed cavity, be filled with the liquid metal (3) of underfill closed cavity.
2, according to claim 1 based on quick converting switch and liquid metal current-limiting apparatus, it is characterized in that: said charging circuit (11) comprise capacitor C and be connected on capacitor C and disc type ring formation (9) between thyristor SCR, and also be parallel with diode D in a side of sandwich wound coil (9).
3, according to claim 1 based on quick converting switch and liquid metal current-limiting apparatus, it is characterized in that: said liquid metal (3) is a gallium-indium-tin alloy.
4, according to claim 1 based on quick converting switch and liquid metal current-limiting apparatus, it is characterized in that: the through hole (2) on the said dividing plate (4) is for one or more.
5, a kind of based on the described current-limiting method of claim 1 based on quick converting switch and liquid metal current-limiting apparatus, it is characterized in that: with liquid metal current-limiting apparatus (LMCL) and quick converting switch (FTS) parallel connection, when short trouble takes place, the repulsive force mechanism of quick converting switch (FTS) moves rapidly, at the very short electric arc of change over switch contact disjunction moment formation, make fault current be transferred to liquid metal current-limiting apparatus (LMCL), the starting the arc by liquid metal current-limiting apparatus (LMCL) at last realizes current limliting.
6, the method based on quick converting switch and liquid metal current-limiting apparatus according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: said liquid metal current-limiting apparatus (LMCL) restorability only can play the effect of limiting short-circuit current peak value and it can't be cut off, so short circuit current is finally cut off by series connection circuit breaker (CB) in the line, but because the metering function of liquid metal current-limiting apparatus (LMCL) reduces the requirement of cut-offfing capacity to circuit breaker itself.
7, method based on quick converting switch and liquid metal current-limiting apparatus according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: the sandwich wound coil (9) in said quick converting switch (FTS) repulsive force mechanism is charged to it by precharge capacitor C, the pre-charge current of capacitor C is by conducting or the shutoff control of thyristor SCR, diode D plays the afterflow effect to sandwich wound coil (9) when thyristor SCR turn-offs, under the effect of pulse current, induce eddy current in the metal dish (8) and make sandwich wound coil (9) and metal dish (8) between produce powerful electromagnetic repulsion force, thereby drivening rod (10) motion realizes moving, the quick disjunction of fixed contact.
8, method based on quick converting switch and liquid metal current-limiting apparatus according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: said liquid metal (3) is filled in a series of contraction-expansion structures that are made of dividing plate (4) and closure (5), but the space of the whole sealing of underfill, when line current increases, because the spacer structure of this contraction-expansion, the current density in through hole (2) cross section, magnetic flux density and radial pressure are strengthened, make liquid metal 3 fast contraction and the gasification of through hole (2) section, thereby cause the arcing in the through hole, because liquid metal current-limiting apparatus (LMCL) is made up of a plurality of dividing plates (4), so form the series connection of a plurality of electric arcs, cause total arc voltage to raise, reach the purpose of restriction electric current.
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| CN109192418A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-01-11 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of liquid metal type Ceramic high-pressure variable resistor device |
| CN109637874A (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2019-04-16 | 云南靖创液态金属热控技术研发有限公司 | Liquid metal current limiter |
| CN109637874B (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2020-01-17 | 云南靖创液态金属热控技术研发有限公司 | Liquid metal current limiter |
| CN112531633A (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-03-19 | 武汉船用电力推进装置研究所（中国船舶重工集团公司第七一二研究所） | Forced commutation loop and method of direct current breaker |
| CN112531633B (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2023-03-17 | 武汉船用电力推进装置研究所（中国船舶重工集团公司第七一二研究所） | Forced commutation loop and method of direct current breaker |
| CN112951678A (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2021-06-11 | 西安交通大学 | Liquid metal current limiter based on magnetic field triggering and current limiting method thereof |
| CN113299503A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-08-24 | 西安交通大学 | Current-limiting and magnetic control oscillation on-off combined direct-current circuit breaker |
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