CN101389862B - Method for adjusting a piston in a linear compressor - Google Patents
Method for adjusting a piston in a linear compressor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101389862B CN101389862B CN2007800069113A CN200780006911A CN101389862B CN 101389862 B CN101389862 B CN 101389862B CN 2007800069113 A CN2007800069113 A CN 2007800069113A CN 200780006911 A CN200780006911 A CN 200780006911A CN 101389862 B CN101389862 B CN 101389862B
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- Prior art keywords
- armature
- winding
- linear compressor
- end position
- polarity
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B35/00—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for
- F04B35/04—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for the means being electric
- F04B35/045—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for the means being electric using solenoids
Abstract
A linear compressor comprises a linear drive (1) equipped with a winding (5) and an armature (6) that can be displaced by the magnetic field of the winding (5) in opposition to a spring force, and a compression chamber (10) which is delimited by a displaceable piston that is coupled to the armature (6), an alternating current is applied to the winding (5) in order to drive the armature in an oscillating manner. According to the invention, prior to operation, a direct current (I) having a first polarity is applied to the winding (5) in order to displace the armature from the rest position, a first end position attained by the armature under the effect of the direct current (I) is measured. When the compressor is in operation, the intensity of the alternating current which excites the winding is controlled so that the armature does not reach the first end position or reaches it at a reduced speed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that is used to operate linear compressor (especially refrigerator).For example from US 506032B2 and US 6642377B2, can recognize such linear compressor.This linear compressor comprises commutation linear drive and the pressing chamber with winding and armature, wherein said armature can overcome spring force and move under the effect in the magnetic field that winding produces, and piston links to each other with armature in described pressing chamber in a movable manner.In operation, applying Ac to winding vibrates mobile to drive armature.
Background technique
Although the mobile oscillation amplitude of piston is subjected to strict regulations for routine rotation Driven Compressor, linear compressor is not like this.Armature can vibrate with different amplitudes according to the electric driving power that offers winding, and piston stroke also is variable thus.
Driving power is low more, also makes the armature oscillation amplitude low more thus, and then the dead volume of the pump chamber at reversal point place is just big more on the piston path.Dead volume causes compressor efficiency low greatly do not obtain utilizing because be used to compress the merit of the gas in the dead volume (dead volumne), and after surpassing top dead, gas reexpand and thus driven plunger return.
On the other hand, if the driving power that is applied on the winding is too big, then the armature oscillation amplitude can become too big so that the border of piston collisions pressing chamber.Can cause like this producing bigger noise and might damaging to compressor.In addition, the vibration of armature and the out-phase that drives Ac, make equally drive unit for this reason efficient become lower.
In order to operate linear compressor efficiently, be necessary to monitor the oscillation amplitude of armature and control the Ac that is applied on the winding in the mode (surpass this limiting value and can impel the piston collisions border) that oscillation amplitude always just remains on below the limiting value with stable manner.
The permissible error that in the manufacture process of linear compressor, produces, mean armature from its equilibrium position to the piston collisions border the path that can pass through be to have nothing in common with each other for different linear compressors.Consider foozle, if all linear compressors are limited armature stroke uniformly, so that piston can not the collision boundary, then dead volume differs greatly for different compressors each other, and efficient also is like this.
Another problem is, the residing equilibrium position of armature is according to acting on the piston and being present in leading pressure in the pressing chamber and difference when compressor cuts out.When adopting linear compressor to come refrigerant in the compression cooling machine, depend on mean temperature or gaseous state-liquid refrigerant ratio in the cryogen circuit of described device, be easy to produce different pressures.When refrigerator comes into operation for the first time or after long-time the shutdown, come into operation and cryogen circuit must be when room temperature cools down; pressure in the refrigerating device in the middle of the pressure ratio operation in the initial cryogen circuit is higher; wherein in the refrigerating device in the middle of operation, refrigeration cabinet and also have at least a portion refrigerant than colder under the room temperature.The oscillation amplitude that makes the central refrigerating device of operation have less available dead volume is not enough under situation about newly putting into operation, because armature has taken place to move in its position of rest of vibrating on every side at this moment.If this point causes bigger dead volume under extreme case, then the efficient of compressor can be subjected to very big influence, so just can not make described device cooling in correct mode.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method that is used to operate linear compressor, this method has been avoided the problems referred to above.
The present invention realizes above-mentioned purpose by a kind of linear compressor; Described linear compressor comprises linear drive and the pressing chamber with winding and armature, described armature overcomes spring force and moves under the action of a magnetic field of winding, piston links to each other with armature in described pressing chamber in a movable manner, wherein in the operating process of armature, move thereby on winding, apply the vibration of Ac driving armature; The operation before, on winding, apply have first polarity direct current so that armature begins to move from position of rest; The measurement first end position that armature obtained under the direct current effect; And in operating process, the intensity of the Ac that winding is encouraged is controlled as follows, and promptly armature can not reach the first end position, or reaches this first end position with slowing down.
Galvanic supply and the measured value that thus measurement of armature position has been produced the maximum allowable deviation of armature have automatically been considered foozle and the displacement of the armature position of rest that caused by the pressure in the pressing chamber therein.
Preferably, galvanic first polarity is restricted to feasible, the armature displacement that causes because of the direct current effect impels piston to move towards the valve plate of pressing chamber, because the one-movement-freedom-degree of piston on this direction is necessary to be restricted, and need accurate regulating piston stroke to guarantee less dead volume and higher efficient.
Also can carry out following further setting: before operation, also on winding, apply the direct current that has with the first polarity opposite polarity; The measurement the second end position that armature obtained under the direct current effect; And in operating process, the intensity of the Ac that winding is encouraged is controlled as follows, and promptly armature can not reach the second end position, or reaches this second end position with slowing down.Like this, the one-movement-freedom-degree of piston obtains measuring on both direction, and can utilize to optimum degree the existing one-movement-freedom-degree of piston, and the influence of the dissipation that is not subjected to foozle and is caused.
Alternatively, separating the position of intended distance, calculate the second end position with the first end position.
Galvanic electric current [strength advantageously increases gradually, to prevent that piston is with the high velocity impact border.
Preferably, in the process that electric current [strength increases, repeated measurement is carried out in the position of armature; And a position of armature is defined as end position, and wherein armature can not continue to be moved beyond this position when electric current [strength further increases.That is to say that as long as only by spring force and also might be that pressure in the pressing chamber is offset deviation, the increase that just can set direct current electric current [strength also causes the increase of deviation, unless piston has reached the border.
Alternatively, residing armature position can be defined as end position when armature triggers proximity sense.Described proximity sense for example is the light trap body.
Move in order to start the armature vibration, preferably apply Ac (electric charge of positive and negative half-wave utilizes described electric current to increase) in whole time course, in whole time course so that the oscillation amplitude that vibration is moved also increases to winding.Make like this and might accompany or follow variation, and make the ratio that increases to of oscillation amplitude in the mode that is no more than any end position in preceding qualification according to the electric charge of half-wave in oscillation amplitude.
Especially, because the position of rest of armature is moved because of the leading pressure in the pressing chamber, therefore be necessary to regulate separately the electric charge of positive and negative half-wave, with two reversal points guaranteeing to vibrate mobile in each case with first or the second end position between spaced apart identical distance.
Description of drawings
Following with reference to the description of accompanying drawing to illustrative embodiments in, can recognize other features and advantages of the present invention, in the drawings:
Fig. 1 is schematic representation, partial top view and the partial sectional view of linear compressor;
Fig. 2 is applied to the direct current on the winding of linear compressor shown in Figure 1 and the instantaneous generation figure of the measured value of the armature deflection that causes thus; And
Fig. 3 is the instantaneous generation figure of oscillation amplitude and the positive and negative half-wave electric charge of winding current under the actuating that vibration is moved.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 is the schematic representation of linear compressor, and it has linear drive 1 and the compressor unit 2 that is contained in the framework 3, and described framework 3 is a U-shaped at this.Mutually in the face of and iron core 4 with E type cross section be installed on two parallel alar parts of framework 3 with winding 5.Armature 6 is suspended in the air gap between the iron core 4 by diaphragm spring 7, described diaphragm spring 7 with the mode that is easy to move with armature 6 remain on air gap vertically on, and remain on transversely rigidly.Armature 6 comprises two permanent magnets 8,9 with antiparallel polarization, and they attempt to aim at mutually in the magnetic field that is produced by winding 5, and are driving armature 6 to the left or to the right according to the conduction orientation of passing winding 5 in perspective view shown in the drawings thus.
Having the reflection alternately or the support plate 13 of optical absorption band is installed on the armature 6.The first light trap body (light barrier) with light source 14 is installed in the iron core 4 one, and wherein light source 14 is transmitted in support plate 13 with focused beam and points on the photoreceptor 15 of support plate 13.Depend on whether the light beam from light source 14 arrives the reflection or the absorption band of support plate 13, photoreceptor 15 receives more or less light.
Alternatively, replace support plate 13, on the iron core 4 that pectinate texture can also be installed on the armature 6 and the light source 14 and the photoreceptor 15 of light trap body is installed in the pectinate texture both sides, so that according to the position of armature 6, the tooth of pectinate texture is blocking photoreceptor 15, and perhaps the light beam from light source 14 passes two gaps arrival photoreceptors 15 between the tooth.Replace pectinate texture, the transparent supporting member with interval zone of opacity can also be set.
The second light trap body (not shown) has been arranged to be offset the conventional belt of four/one-period.
The control circuit 16 that applies electric current to winding 5 is to link to each other with the light trap body.
With reference to Fig. 2 and 3, the operator scheme of control circuit described when linear compressor was moved.When moment t=0, control circuit 16 receives enabled instruction from outside (the refrigerator regulator of linear compressor shown in Figure 1 for example is installed).To winding 5 supply direct currents, shown in the dot and dash line in the plotted curve of Fig. 2, its electric current [strength I increases along with moment t is linear control circuit 16 subsequently.The magnetic force and the electric current [strength I that act on the armature 6 increase pro rata, and this magneto drive armature 6 and moved right in the perspective view of Fig. 1.In the schematic representation of Fig. 2, suppose that for simplification the final mean annual increment movement of armature 6 and electric current [strength I are proportional linearly.Yet, be not to satisfy exactly under the situation of this condition, principle of the present invention is suitable equally.
Along with the displacement increase of armature 6, the band of support plate 13 passes through the light trap body successively.Compare the direction that control circuit 16 identification armatures 6 move by the count pulse phase place that the light trap body is provided; And each described band is through the first light trap body 14,15, and control circuit makes counter increase progressively (perhaps successively decreasing according to determined movement direction), and the count value n of this counter represents armature 6 from path that its position of rest is advanced.Therefore, count value n has constituted the step function of t constantly, and this point is also shown in the plotted curve of Fig. 2.
Piston 11 forms with the valve plate 17 of compressor unit 2 and contacts if electric current [strength I is enough strong, even then electric current [strength continues to increase, count value n does not have any increase again yet.This t in Fig. 2
1By control circuit 16 identifications, wherein reach value I (n constantly at this moment electric current [strength I
Max); When reaching described value, the expectation that n can not take place during concerning before continuing to keep between observed I and the n increases.
According to first mode of execution, the one-movement-freedom-degree of the armature 6 that is measured by the step of described counter is the fixedly predetermined integers N that are stored in the control circuit 16.If control circuit surpasses count value, count N simultaneously and contact with valve plate 17 corresponding to piston 11, then can realize calibration to position measurement: armature 6 allow that the moving range limit is corresponding with 0 or the count value of N in each case.Make the band increasing or decreasing that is detected by the light trap body by the direct of travel according to armature 6, control circuit 16 " identification " at any time goes out the position of armature 6.
According to second mode of execution, from moment t
1Beginning, control circuit reduces the electric current [strength I in the winding 5, until its pole reversal, simultaneously in the opposite direction to upwards counting through the band of light trap body from zero.Last till that so always the value increase that electric current [strength takes place once more no longer causes the situation of the further increase of meter reading.The meter reading N of Huo Deing has represented the measured value of armature 6 actual one-movement-freedom-degrees by this way; The predetermined count value N that can be used for fixing with identical as mentioned above mode, and be explained in more detail hereinafter.
The record of the vibration move operation of the graphical representation linear compressor among Fig. 3.Intermediate curve is the position of expression armature 6 and the instantaneous generation schematic representation of required reversal point thereof; Accordingly, upper and lower schematic representation represent separately the charge Q of the positive and negative half-wave of the exciting current that sends to winding 5 by control circuit 16+, the corresponding instantaneous generation value of Q-.
At this moment, for the vibration that causes armature 6 is moved, control circuit is at first determined the corresponding armature position of count value N/2 with conduct vibration Mobility Center point.The initial rest position of armature then with the count value n that is different from N/2 usually
0Corresponding.Moment t in Fig. 3
2, control circuit begins encouraging vibration to move.For the oscillation amplitude that vibration is moved can increase gradually, determined required reversal point u for the armature vibration is mobile
+, u
-, described reversal point is removed relatively symmetrically from the N/2 point in this time course, for example as the linear function u of time
+=N/2+a (t-t
2), u
-=N/2-a (t-t
2), so that finally adopt fixed value N-ε or ε, shown in the intermediate curve of Fig. 3.At this, ε represents the safe distance of several counter steps, and it has played the effect that prevents the piston collisions border reliably with fixed mode.The typical sequential that armature moves is expressed as curve p in the intermediate curve of Fig. 3.At moment t
2, armature 6 is in the curve u of reversal point significantly
+The below.Therefore, control circuit 16 at first only applies positive half-wave to winding, so that armature raises.The charge Q of half-wave has been shown in the top curve of Fig. 3
+Instantaneous generation figure, it is at moment t
2With initial value Q
+(t
2) beginning, this value with at the position of rest n of armature
0And the deviation between the required central point N/2 that the vibration of described armature is moved is proportional, and is similar to the desired location u of reversal point
+Increase behind the ground transit time t.At moment t
3, following reversal point u
-Desired location through position of rest n
0Control circuit 16 also begins to send at this moment negative half-wave.Their charge Q has been shown in the lower curve of Fig. 3
-Instantaneous generation.
Charge Q
+, Q
-Increase is until required rating value u
+, u
-Reach end position N-ε or ε, and therefore reached the fixing operation pattern of linear compressor.Equally, in this electric charge difference of positive and negative half-wave, with the position of rest n of compensation at the armature 6 that is compressed indoor refrigerant pressure influence
0And the deviation between the central position N/2 that armature moves.
In the operating process of linear compressor, if refrigerator cools down and make the refrigerant pressure of compressor unit 2 work reduce, then armature 6 residing position of rest also can move when drive unit cuts out.Unless obtain offsetting, otherwise can cause whole armature to move like this, and make piston 11 collision flaps 17 thus towards the right side of Fig. 1.Control circuit 16 detect armature move to required on reversal point N-ε when above, along with control circuit 16 reduce the positive half-wave electric charges and thereby when increasing down the half-wave electric charge, this mobile displacement is also stoped so that compressor unit 2 always the piston in pressing chamber 10 11 do not take place that the dead volume with minimum carries out work under any case of collision.
Claims (11)
1. method that is used to operate linear compressor, described linear compressor comprises having winding, (5) and armature, (6) linear drive, (1) and pressing chamber, (10), described armature, (6) at winding, (5) can overcome spring force under the action of a magnetic field moves, and described pressing chamber, (10) by with armature, (6) moveable piston of Xiang Lianing, (11) limit, wherein at armature, (6) in the operating process, Ac is applied to winding, (5) thus go up and to drive armature with oscillating, (6)
It is characterized in that: the operation before, on winding (5), applied have first polarity direct current (I) so that armature (6) begins to move from position of rest; The measurement first end position that armature obtained under the effect of the direct current with first polarity (I); And in operating process, the intensity of the Ac that winding is encouraged is controlled as follows, and promptly armature can not reach described first end position, or reaches described first end position with slowing down.
2. the method that is used to operate linear compressor as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: before operation, also applied the direct current (I) that has with the first polarity opposite polarity on winding (5); The measurement the second end position that armature (6) is obtained under the effect that has with the direct current (I) of the first polarity opposite polarity; And in operating process, the intensity of the Ac that winding (5) is encouraged is controlled as follows, and promptly armature (6) can not reach described the second end position, or reaches this second end position with slowing down.
3. the method that is used to operate linear compressor as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: separating the position of intended distance with the first end position, calculate the second end position.
4. as arbitrary described method that is used to operate linear compressor among the claim 1-3, it is characterized in that: come to select described first polarity as follows, promptly piston (11) is moved by the valve plate (17) towards pressing chamber (10).
5. the method that is used to operate linear compressor as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the electric current [strength with direct current (I) of first polarity increases gradually.
6. the method that is used to operate linear compressor as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: the electric current [strength that has with the direct current (I) of the first polarity opposite polarity increases gradually.
7. as claim 5 or the 6 described methods that are used to operate linear compressor, it is characterized in that: in the process that electric current [strength (I) increases, the position of armature (6) is by repeated measurement; And a position of armature (6) is defined as end position, wherein electric current [strength (I) when further increasing armature (6) can not continue to be moved beyond this position.
8. as claim 5 or the 6 described methods that are used to operate linear compressor, it is characterized in that: residing armature position is defined as end position when armature triggers a proximity sense.
9. the method that is used to operate linear compressor as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that: described proximity sense is the light trap body.
10. as any described method that is used to operate linear compressor among the claim 1-3, it is characterized in that: move by apply the vibration that Ac begins armature (6) to winding (5), wherein electric charge (the Q of positive and negative half-wave
+, Q
-) utilize described Ac in whole time course, to increase.
11. the method that is used to operate linear compressor as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: move by apply the vibration that Ac begins armature (6) to winding (5), wherein electric charge (the Q of positive and negative half-wave
+, Q
-) utilize described Ac in whole time course, to increase, and the electric charge (Q of positive and negative half-wave
+, Q
-) regulate separately, with two reversal points guaranteeing to vibrate mobile in each case and first or the second end position (N, 0) between spaced apart identical distance (ε).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102006009230.9 | 2006-02-28 | ||
| DE102006009230A DE102006009230A1 (en) | 2006-02-28 | 2006-02-28 | Linear compressor operation method involves applying direct current to winding to displace armature from rest position |
| PCT/EP2007/050745 WO2007099000A1 (en) | 2006-02-28 | 2007-01-25 | Method for adjusting a piston in a linear compressor |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101389862A CN101389862A (en) | 2009-03-18 |
| CN101389862B true CN101389862B (en) | 2010-09-08 |
Family
ID=37909822
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2007800069113A Expired - Fee Related CN101389862B (en) | 2006-02-28 | 2007-01-25 | Method for adjusting a piston in a linear compressor |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7868566B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1991783B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN101389862B (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE487061T1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE102006009230A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2354027T3 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2413873C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2007099000A1 (en) |
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| DE102004010403A1 (en) * | 2004-03-03 | 2005-09-22 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Reversing linear drive with means for detecting an anchor position |
| BRPI0704947B1 (en) * | 2007-12-28 | 2018-07-17 | Whirlpool Sa | linear motor driven piston and cylinder assembly with linear motor compressor and cylinder position recognition system |
| BR112013028508A2 (en) * | 2011-05-06 | 2017-12-05 | Electrolux Home Products Corp Nv | liquid distribution piston pump set, household appliance |
| CN103216419B (en) * | 2013-04-17 | 2015-04-22 | 覃瑞昌 | Linear compressor |
| US9562525B2 (en) * | 2014-02-10 | 2017-02-07 | Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. | Linear compressor |
| US9528505B2 (en) * | 2014-02-10 | 2016-12-27 | Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. | Linear compressor |
| CN104533750A (en) * | 2014-11-04 | 2015-04-22 | 天津探峰科技有限公司 | Linear compressor |
| CN105262298A (en) * | 2015-08-25 | 2016-01-20 | 同济大学 | Linear motor and compressor equipped with same |
| CN105332891B (en) * | 2015-11-19 | 2018-01-16 | 沈阳工业大学 | The direct magnetic suspension linear compressor of direct-drive type |
| CN105515278A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2016-04-20 | 皖西学院 | Switch magnetic resistance motor with good heat dissipation |
| CN105464943A (en) * | 2016-01-22 | 2016-04-06 | 珠海格力节能环保制冷技术研究中心有限公司 | Piston drive rod, piston cylinder assembly and compressor |
| RU174245U1 (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2017-10-09 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Омский государственный технический университет" | COMPRESSOR WITH LINEAR DRIVE |
| US20200362842A1 (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2020-11-19 | Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc. | Linear compressor and methods of setpoint control |
| CN111089042B (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2021-07-09 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Moving-coil linear compressor adopting double-coil structure |
| CN112413919B (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2022-06-07 | 深圳供电局有限公司 | Low-temperature refrigerator |
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-
2006
- 2006-02-28 DE DE102006009230A patent/DE102006009230A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2007
- 2007-01-25 WO PCT/EP2007/050745 patent/WO2007099000A1/en active Application Filing
- 2007-01-25 DE DE502007005553T patent/DE502007005553D1/en active Active
- 2007-01-25 RU RU2008138130/06A patent/RU2413873C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-01-25 AT AT07704139T patent/ATE487061T1/en active
- 2007-01-25 ES ES07704139T patent/ES2354027T3/en active Active
- 2007-01-25 US US12/224,515 patent/US7868566B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-01-25 CN CN2007800069113A patent/CN101389862B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-01-25 EP EP07704139A patent/EP1991783B1/en not_active Not-in-force
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| US6506032B2 (en) * | 2000-02-14 | 2003-01-14 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Linear compressor |
| CN1393639A (en) * | 2001-06-26 | 2003-01-29 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | Linear compressor driving controlling method and linear compressor driving controlling method for vehicle |
| CN1459921A (en) * | 2002-05-21 | 2003-12-03 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | Driving device for linear motor |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101389862A (en) | 2009-03-18 |
| WO2007099000A1 (en) | 2007-09-07 |
| US7868566B2 (en) | 2011-01-11 |
| EP1991783A1 (en) | 2008-11-19 |
| ES2354027T3 (en) | 2011-03-09 |
| US20090153081A1 (en) | 2009-06-18 |
| RU2008138130A (en) | 2010-04-10 |
| DE502007005553D1 (en) | 2010-12-16 |
| RU2413873C2 (en) | 2011-03-10 |
| DE102006009230A1 (en) | 2007-08-30 |
| EP1991783B1 (en) | 2010-11-03 |
| ATE487061T1 (en) | 2010-11-15 |
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