CN101388465A - Fuel cell polar plate and fuel cell using the same - Google Patents

Fuel cell polar plate and fuel cell using the same Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101388465A
CN101388465A CNA2007100769930A CN200710076993A CN101388465A CN 101388465 A CN101388465 A CN 101388465A CN A2007100769930 A CNA2007100769930 A CN A2007100769930A CN 200710076993 A CN200710076993 A CN 200710076993A CN 101388465 A CN101388465 A CN 101388465A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
pole plate
runner
conduits
fuel cell
polar plate
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CNA2007100769930A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
陈名恩
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hong Jun Precision Industry Co ltd
Fuzhun Precision Industry Shenzhen Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Hong Jun Precision Industry Co ltd
Fuzhun Precision Industry Shenzhen Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Hong Jun Precision Industry Co ltd, Fuzhun Precision Industry Shenzhen Co Ltd filed Critical Hong Jun Precision Industry Co ltd
Priority to CNA2007100769930A priority Critical patent/CN101388465A/en
Publication of CN101388465A publication Critical patent/CN101388465A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

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Abstract

The invention relates to a polar plate of a fuel battery, whose one surface of the polar plate is provided with a flow passage, wherein a plurality of channels are arranged in the polar plate, and the channels extend to the other side of the polar plate from one side of the polar plate and are not communicated with the flow passage on polar plate. A fuel battery comprises a lower polar plate, an upper polar plate, a middle polar plate and two membrane electrode groups, wherein the two membrane electrode groups are arranged on two opposite sides of the middle polar plate and are clamped between the lower polar plate and the upper polar plate, wherein two opposite surfaces of the middle polar plate are respectively provided with flow passages, and a plurality of channels are arranged in the middle polar plate, the channels extend to the other side of the middle polar plate from one side of the middle polar plate and are not communicated with the flow passages on the middle polar plate. Since the flow passages are arranged on the polar plate, cooling gas and liquid can be led to flow through the polar plate and dissipate heat which is generated by a fuel battery in time, and a whole fuel battery is assured to work in a normal temperature range.

Description

Fuel battery pole board and use the fuel cell of this pole plate
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fuel battery pole board, particularly the pole plate of a proton exchanging film fuel battery and use the fuel cell of this pole plate.
Background technology
In recent years, fuel cell technology has had many important breakthroughs, wherein (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell PEMFC) receives sizable concern to Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, and countries in the world government and business circles drop into sizable research and development energy invariably.
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells is pollution-free except having, and outside the advantage of the high general fuel cell of energy conversion efficiency, more possesses near normal-temperature operation and activates characteristic rapidly, is particularly suitable for transportation power, portable power and household.
The key component that constitutes Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells comprises electrode (electrode), proton exchange membrane (electrolyte membrane) and pole plate (polar plate) etc.Adopting hydrogen is fuel, and air is in the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells of oxidant (or pure oxygen is an oxidant), and fuel hydrogen electrochemical reaction takes place under the catalyst action of anode region produces proton and discharge electronics.Proton exchange membrane helps proton to move to the cathodic region from the anode region.In the cathodic region, oxygen obtains electronics on catalyst surface, forms negative oxygen ion, and moves the proton reaction of coming with the anode region, generates product water and also discharges heat.Meanwhile, electronics forms electric current under the connection of external circuit, can export electric energy to load by suitable connection.Anode reaction and cathode reaction can be expressed in order to following equation:
Anode reaction: H 2→ 2H ++ 2e
Cathode reaction: 1/2O 2+ 2H ++ 2e → H 2The O+ heat
By above reaction equation as can be seen, Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells directly is converted into electric energy, heat energy and reaction product water with the chemical energy warp of hydrogen with the oxygen electrochemical reaction.Therefore, the water and the heat that produce when effectively managing the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells operation play crucial effects to the performance that improves Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells.Especially, it is heat energy that 40%~50% energy dissipation is generally arranged in the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells approximately, thereby the temperature of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells is raise.If the heat that produces in the time of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells can not being moved in time distributes, will cause proton exchange membrane lack of water, drying, this will seriously reduce the proton transfer ability of proton exchange membrane and the overall efficiency of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells.
The heat radiation of therefore relevant Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells is that present industry is needed a difficult problem that overcomes badly.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, be necessary to provide a kind of fuel cell that has the fuel battery pole board of heat sinking function and use this pole plate.
A kind of fuel battery pole board, a surface of this pole plate is provided with runner.Wherein, be provided with some conduits in this pole plate, these conduits extend to the opposite side of this pole plate and do not communicate with runner on the pole plate from a side of this pole plate.
A kind of fuel cell is drawn together pole plate and two mea in a bottom crown, the top crown,, the relative both sides of these two mea pole plate in this and be located in this bottom crown and this top crown between.Wherein, be respectively equipped with runner on relative two surfaces of pole plate in this, also be provided with some conduits in this in the pole plate, these conduits side of pole plate from this extends to the opposite side of pole plate in this and does not communicate with runner on the pole plate in this.
Compared with prior art, the present invention is provided with conduit on pole plate, can make refrigerating gas, flow of liquid in time distribute through this pole plate and then heat that fuel cell is produced, guaranteeing whole operation of fuel cells in normal temperature range, thereby can guarantee that whole fuel cell normally, stably work.
With reference to the accompanying drawings, the invention will be further described in conjunction with specific embodiments.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of fuel cell one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the stereogram of the bottom crown in the fuel cell shown in Figure 1.
Fig. 3 is the vertical view of bottom crown among Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is the stereogram of pole plate in one in the fuel cell shown in Figure 1.
Fig. 5 is the profile that the middle part along the middle pole plate among Fig. 4 sections.
Fig. 6 is the profile of the middle pole plate among another embodiment of fuel cell of the present invention and a flow dividing structure and a bus structure.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 is depicted as the structural representation of fuel cell one embodiment of the present invention.This fuel cell 100 comprises pole plate 90 and two mea 20 in a bottom crown 10, the top crown 30,, and the relative both sides of these two mea 20 pole plate 90 in this also are located between this bottom crown 10 and this top crown 30.In other words, this fuel cell 100 is to be formed by stacking successively by this bottom crown 10, mea 20, pole plate 90 in this, another mea 20 and this top crown 30 are bottom-up.
Each mea 20 comprises a proton exchange membrane 21, two catalyst layers 22,23 and two gas diffusion layers 24,25, and this two catalyst layer 22,23 is located in respectively between this proton exchange membrane 21 and this two gas diffusion layers 24,25.This two gas diffusion layers 24,25 is made by porous material.
This top crown 30, pole plate 90 and this bottom crown 10 mainly play air guide, conduction and water guide in this in fuel cell 100.The gas (as hydrogen or air) that is entered by top crown 30, middle pole plate 90 and bottom crown 10 enters correspondingly gas diffusion layers 24,25 and catalyst layer 22,23 by diffusion, participates in the electrochemical reaction of this fuel cell 100 respectively.This top crown 30, pole plate 90 and this bottom crown 10 can be made by conducting metal in this, for example copper; Also can make, for example graphite by conductive non-metals.Especially, this top crown 30 is identical with the structure of this bottom crown 10, below is that example describes with this bottom crown 10.
Please refer to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, this bottom crown 10 is a cuboid platy structure, which is provided with two groups of air inlet runners and goes out a flow channel 16 for 12,14 and.This goes out the central authorities that flow channel 16 is positioned at this bottom crown 10, and this two air inlet runner 12,14 lays respectively at these both sides that go out flow channel 16 and gone out flow channel 16 by this respectively and surrounds (as shown in Figure 2).These air inlet runners 12,14 have an air inlet 121,141 respectively.This goes out flow channel 16 and has two gas outlets 161,162.This air inlet 121 is adjacent with this gas outlet 161, this air inlet 141 and this gas outlet 162 adjacent (as shown in Figure 3).
This two air inlet runner 12,14 and this go out to be respectively equipped with between the flow channel 16 dividing plate 11 and a moistened membrane 13, make this air inlet runner 12 and the part runner that goes out flow channel 16 and this air inlet runner 14 and go out in the flow channel 16 pass through this moistened membrane 13 adjacent settings at interval.This moistened membrane 13 is a trapping water permeable membrane, and it is made by the perfluorinated sulfonic acid type proton exchange membrane identical with proton exchange membrane 21.This moistened membrane 13 utilizes its trapping water penetration, carries out the moisture content transmission with the concentration difference of film both sides hydrone as actuating force.The both sides of this moistened membrane 13 are pasted with suction cotton-wool (figure does not show) respectively, strengthen the moisture content transmission with the capillarity of utilizing the absorbent wool wadding.This two dividing plate 11 is snakelike bending structure (as shown in Figures 2 and 3).This two moistened membrane 13 is L type bending structure, and its height is identical with the height of dividing plate 11.Each moistened membrane 13 is connected with the top end of a dividing plate 11 respectively, and these moistened membranes 13 and dividing plate 11 are with air inlet runner 12,14 and go out flow channel 16 and separate.These moistened membranes 13 are also separated this air inlet 121 and gas outlet 161 and this air inlet 141 and gas outlet 162 respectively simultaneously.Each dividing plate 11 forms a stop section 112 in each bending place, this stop section 112 is a plate-like structure.The air inlet 121,141 of this two air inlet runner 12,14 is positioned at the same side of this bottom crown 10.
Please refer to Fig. 4, pole plate 90 is a cuboid platy structure in this, is respectively equipped with above-mentioned air inlet runner 12,14 on its relative top and bottom and goes out the identical runner of flow channel 16 structures, thereby constitute a bipolar plates.In other words, flow passage structure of the top of pole plate 90 and bottom is identical with the flow passage structure of this bottom crown 10 in this.So design, make pole plate 90 in this top, this top crown 30 and this top crown 30 with should in mea 20 battery unit of composition jointly between pole plate 90 tops; Simultaneously, the bottom of pole plate 90 in this, this bottom crown 10 and this bottom crown 10 and should in mea 20 common another battery units of composition between pole plate 90 bottoms.
In addition, the middle part of pole plate 90 is provided with some conduits 92 in this, the opposite side of pole plate 90 and not communicating during these conduits 92 side of pole plate 90 from this extends to runner on the pole plate 90 in this, thereby can make cooling blast or liquid etc. flow through pole plate 90 in this along these conduits 92, the heat of these fuel cell 100 generations in service is in time distributed, reduce the temperature of fuel cell 100, guarantee the normal operation of whole fuel cell 100.
In fuel cell 100 runnings, the runner on the top crown 30 is in order to providing fuel such as hydrogen, or oxidant such as air, pure oxygen etc., and the runner on middle pole plate 90 tops then correspondingly provides oxidant or fuel.Similarly, the runner of middle pole plate 90 bottoms is in order to provide oxidant or fuel, and the runner on this bottom crown 10 then correspondingly provides fuel or oxidant.Operational mode in the runner of gas on top crown 30, middle pole plate 90 and bottom crown 10 is similar, below is example with bottom crown 10, and the flow process of gas in bottom crown 10 described.
Please refer to Fig. 1 and Fig. 3, during use, air-flow 40 enters the air inlet runner 12,14 of this bottom crown 10 respectively by air inlet 121,141.When air-flow 40 during in the upstream, it mainly enters the electrochemical reaction that gas diffusion layers 25 participates in the fuel cells 100 by diffusion effect.When air-flow 40 flow to 112 places, stop section, it was intercepted by stop section 112, and this stop section 112 forces air-flow 40 to enter gas diffusion layers 25 in the forced convertion mode.The air-flow 40 that enters gas diffusion layers 25 can be sought shortest path and cross dividing plate 11 and enter out in the flow channel 16, so just produce a forced convertion effect.This forced convertion effect can make more air-flow 40 enter gas diffusion layers 25, increases the speed of electrochemical reaction, improves the generating efficiency of this fuel cell 100.Simultaneously, this forced convertion effect can produce powerful shear stress to take away the too much moisture content that electrochemical reaction produces in the gas diffusion layers 25, and the air-flow 40 that promptly goes out in the flow channel 16 has higher humidity.Along going out in the process that flow channel 16 discharges, the part moisture content in the air-flow 40 condenses on the suction cotton-wool of moistened membrane 13 because of cooling at air-flow 40, and passes this moistened membrane 13 by diffusion way and arrive air inlet runner 12,14 1 sides.And the suction cotton-wool that moistened membrane 13 is arranged in air inlet runner 12,14 1 sides is by improving the humidity of air inlet runner 12,14 air-flows 40 with contacting of air-flow 40, thus reach this fuel cell 100 from the humidification effect.
Meanwhile, this fuel cell 100 also will produce heat, and these heats are by the refrigerating gas or the Liquid Absorption of the conduit 92 on the pole plate 90 in flowing through, and be carried into fuel cell 100 outsides, move in normal temperature range to guarantee fuel cell 100.
Especially, as shown in Figure 5, when utilizing refrigerating gas that fuel cell 100 is dispelled the heat, the conduit 92a in can making on the pole plate 90a once cross-like arranges.At this moment, these conduits 92a pole plate 90a horizontal and vertical in this runs through pole plate 90a in this; In other words, the outside all around at these conduits 92a pole plate 90a middle part in being somebody's turn to do extends internally and intersects mutually, make external refrigeration gas can be from this pole plate 90a around flow into, flow out should in pole plate 90, thereby strengthen refrigerating gas and should in heat exchange action between the pole plate 90a.
Shown in Fig. 6, when utilizing cooling liquid that fuel cell 100 is dispelled the heat, can make the conduit 92b on the pole plate 90b in this from should in the side of pole plate 90b extend to the relative opposite side of pole plate 90 in this.In other words, the two opposite outer at these conduits 92b pole plate 90b middle part in being somebody's turn to do extends internally and intersects mutually, and the part of these conduits 92b outside middle pole plate 90b middle part then is respectively import 94b and the outlet 96b of pole plate 90b in this.At this moment, cooling liquid can the import 94b inflow of pole plate 90b one side be somebody's turn to do middle pole plate 90b from this, and the outlet 96b of pole plate 90b opposite side flows out from this again.
Flow into, flow out and be somebody's turn to do middle pole plate 90b for ease of cooling liquid, can in this, one a flow dividing structure 98b and a bus structure 99b be set pole plate 90b both sides.Some shunting liquid outlet 984b that this flow dividing structure 98b has an inlet 982b and is communicated with this inlet 982b.Some inlet 994b that conflux that this bus structure 99b has a liquid outlet 992b and is communicated with this liquid outlet 992b.The import 94b of pole plate 90b one side is communicated with the shunting liquid outlet 984b of flow dividing structure 98b respectively in being somebody's turn to do; And the outlet 96b of pole plate 90b opposite side is communicated with the inlet 994b that confluxes of bus structure 99b in being somebody's turn to do.In other words, the shunting liquid outlet 984b of flow dividing structure 98b and corresponding confluxing of bus structure 99b enter the mouth 994b by the connection of the conduit 92b on the pole plate 90b in this.During use, cooling liquid flows into flow dividing structure 98b and punishes at shunting liquid outlet 984b along inlet 982b is ten tributaries.Then, these ten tributaries along should in conduit 92b on the pole plate 90b flow to the inlet 994b that confluxes of bus structure 99b, and in bus structure 99b, conflux and form one liquid again.Afterwards, liquid pole plate 90b in the liquid outlet 992b outflow of confluxing is somebody's turn to do.Like this, thus cooling liquid can flow the transfer of heat of the fuel cell outside to fuel cell along the conduit 92b on the middle pole plate 90b.
In sum, this fuel cell 100 can effectively be managed moisture content and the heat that produces when fuel cell 100 moves, and has improved the performance of fuel cell 100 effectively.Moisture content at fuel cell 100, the dual forced convertion effect increase that utilizes air inlet runner 12,14 to produce goes out the humidity of the air-flow 40 in the flow channel 16, and pass through built-in moistened membrane 13 moisture content is reclaimed, increase the humidity that enters air-flow, reach this fuel cell 100 from the humidification effect, thereby make this fuel cell 100 have good humidification effect.
Heat at fuel cell 100 generations, by on middle pole plate 90,90a, 90b, conduit 92,92a, 92b being set, can make refrigerating gas, liquid etc. flow through pole plate 90,90a, 90b in this, the heat that fuel cell 100 is produced is dispersed in the external environment condition, reduces the temperature of fuel cell 100.
In the above-described embodiments, only on middle pole plate 90,90a, 90b, be provided with conduit 92,92a, 92b; In addition,, also can on top crown 30, bottom crown 10, conduit be set,, promote the usefulness of fuel cell to strengthen the heat dispersion of fuel cell according to actual state.

Claims (12)

1. fuel battery pole board, a surface of this pole plate is provided with runner, it is characterized in that: be provided with some conduits in this pole plate, these conduits extend to the opposite side of this pole plate and do not communicate with runner on the pole plate from a side of this pole plate.
2. fuel battery pole board as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the outside of these conduits around this pole plate extends internally.
3. fuel battery pole board as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: these conduits intersect mutually.
4. fuel battery pole board as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: these conduits extend internally from two outsides of this pole plate and intersect mutually.
5. fuel battery pole board as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: also comprise a flow dividing structure and a bus structure; Some shunting liquid outlets that this flow dividing structure has an inlet and is communicated with this inlet; The some inlets that conflux that have a liquid outlet on this bus structure and be communicated with this liquid outlet; These conduits are respectively equipped with import and outlet, and these shunting liquid outlets are connected with the import of this pole plate respectively, and these inlets that conflux are connected with the outlet of this pole plate respectively.
6. as any one described fuel battery pole board in the claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that: be equipped with runner on the two relative surfaces of this pole plate, these conduits are between these runners.
7. as any one described fuel battery pole board in the claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that: described runner comprises that at least one group of air inlet runner and at least one group go out flow channel, this air inlet runner and the moistened membrane that goes out to be provided with between the flow channel dividing plate that is snakelike bending and be connected with dividing plate, this moistened membrane has the trapping water penetration, will go out moisture transmission in the flow channel to air inlet runner.
8. fuel cell, draw together pole plate and two mea in a bottom crown, the top crown,, the relative both sides of these two mea pole plate in this and be located in this bottom crown and this top crown between, it is characterized in that: be respectively equipped with runner on relative two surfaces of pole plate in this, should in also be provided with some conduits in pole plate, these conduits side of pole plate from this extends to the opposite side of pole plate in this and does not communicate with runner on the pole plate in this.
9. fuel cell as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that: these conduits extend internally in the outside all around of pole plate in being somebody's turn to do.
10. fuel cell as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that: two outsides of these conduits pole plate in being somebody's turn to do extend internally and intersect mutually.
11. fuel cell as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that: also comprise a flow dividing structure and a bus structure; Some shunting liquid outlets that this flow dividing structure has an inlet and is communicated with this inlet; Some inlets that conflux that this bus structure has a liquid outlet and is communicated with this liquid outlet; These conduits are respectively equipped with import and outlet, and these shunting liquid outlets are connected with the import of pole plate in this respectively, and these inlets that conflux are connected with the outlet of pole plate in this respectively.
12. fuel cell as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that: described runner comprises that at least one group of air inlet runner and at least one group go out flow channel, this air inlet runner and the moistened membrane that goes out to be provided with between the flow channel dividing plate that is snakelike bending and be connected with dividing plate, this moistened membrane has the trapping water penetration, will go out moisture transmission in the flow channel to air inlet runner.
CNA2007100769930A 2007-09-14 2007-09-14 Fuel cell polar plate and fuel cell using the same Pending CN101388465A (en)

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104733744A (en) * 2015-04-14 2015-06-24 中国东方电气集团有限公司 Fuel cell metal polar plate, fuel cell metal bipolar plate and fuel cell
CN106972187A (en) * 2017-05-26 2017-07-21 成都艾欧新能源科技有限公司 A kind of new fuel cell of high efficiency and heat radiation
CN107864686A (en) * 2015-05-22 2018-03-30 米其林集团总公司 The handling process of the bipolar plates of fuel cell pack
CN109088084A (en) * 2018-08-09 2018-12-25 中氢新能技术有限公司 Fuel cell power plant pile method for arranging and fuel cell power plant
CN109921080A (en) * 2017-12-12 2019-06-21 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 A kind of flow field structure of fuel cell or redox flow batteries pole plate
CN111525148A (en) * 2020-04-17 2020-08-11 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 Unipolar plate, bipolar plate and fuel cell
CN113506888A (en) * 2021-09-07 2021-10-15 爱德曼氢能源装备有限公司 Fuel cell polar plate structure and electric pile

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104733744A (en) * 2015-04-14 2015-06-24 中国东方电气集团有限公司 Fuel cell metal polar plate, fuel cell metal bipolar plate and fuel cell
CN104733744B (en) * 2015-04-14 2017-12-19 中国东方电气集团有限公司 The metal polar plate of fuel cell, the metal double polar plates of fuel cell, fuel cell
CN107864686A (en) * 2015-05-22 2018-03-30 米其林集团总公司 The handling process of the bipolar plates of fuel cell pack
CN107864686B (en) * 2015-05-22 2020-10-27 米其林集团总公司 Treatment process of bipolar plate of fuel cell stack
CN106972187A (en) * 2017-05-26 2017-07-21 成都艾欧新能源科技有限公司 A kind of new fuel cell of high efficiency and heat radiation
CN106972187B (en) * 2017-05-26 2020-06-05 温州益蓉机械有限公司 High-efficient radiating fuel cell
CN109921080A (en) * 2017-12-12 2019-06-21 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 A kind of flow field structure of fuel cell or redox flow batteries pole plate
CN109088084A (en) * 2018-08-09 2018-12-25 中氢新能技术有限公司 Fuel cell power plant pile method for arranging and fuel cell power plant
CN111525148A (en) * 2020-04-17 2020-08-11 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 Unipolar plate, bipolar plate and fuel cell
CN113506888A (en) * 2021-09-07 2021-10-15 爱德曼氢能源装备有限公司 Fuel cell polar plate structure and electric pile
CN113506888B (en) * 2021-09-07 2021-11-30 爱德曼氢能源装备有限公司 Fuel cell polar plate structure and electric pile

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