CN101382458B - Station boiler air preheater hot spot detecting method based on analog computation of rotor temperature field - Google Patents
Station boiler air preheater hot spot detecting method based on analog computation of rotor temperature field Download PDFInfo
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- CN101382458B CN101382458B CN2008102317720A CN200810231772A CN101382458B CN 101382458 B CN101382458 B CN 101382458B CN 2008102317720 A CN2008102317720 A CN 2008102317720A CN 200810231772 A CN200810231772 A CN 200810231772A CN 101382458 B CN101382458 B CN 101382458B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a power station boiler air preheater heat spot detecting method based on rotor temperature field analog computation. The method is implemented according to the following steps: parameters of the air preheater needing to be monitored are determined and a temperature reference value is set; various parameters are collected in real time and the obtained parameters are input into a computation module; a boundary temperature value is initialized, and boundary conditions are determined; the temperature of the section, the interior of the sub-bin and a fluid and a heating surface on the exit boundary is obtained by using a difference equation; if temperature error obtained before and after an interactive process is in accordance with the set temperature reference value requirement, the computation is over, otherwise, the boundary temperature value is renewed to carry out interaction again. When fault happens to an infrared heat spot sensor or an executing mechanism of an existing heat spot detecting system, the system sends out a switching command, by using the temperature field parameters obtained by the analog computation of the method of the invention as the reference value for control, the reliability of the air preheater heat spot detector is improved and the safe and stable operation of the detecting system is guaranteed.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the power equipment monitoring technical field, relate to the detection method of a kind of station boiler air preheater (hereinafter to be referred as air preheater) focus, be specifically related to a kind of station boiler air preheater hot spot detecting method based on the rotor temperature field analog computation.
Background technology
The station boiler air preheater is to utilize the smoke discharging residual heat of boiler to add the heat exchanger of hot-air.The air themperature that air preheater needs boiler combustion and pulverized coal preparation system is improved, further reduce exhaust gas temperature simultaneously, reducing heat loss due to exhaust gas, is important energy saving equipment in the generating set, and the above unit boiler of 200MW adopts rotary regenerative air heater usually at present, difference according to capacity, the diameter of 300～1000MW air preheater is about 10～15 meters, and weight is about 800～2500 tons, in actual moving process, because self structure, air preheater have the hidden danger that spontaneous combustion takes place.When not clean-burning fuel deposition on air preheater rotor (heat accumulating element, heating surface), along with the rising of temperature, focus is promptly dried and formed to sediment.When heat accumulating element temperature in the air preheater continued to rise to more than 700 ℃, focus enlarged and the corrode heat accumulating element thereupon, causes air preheater on fire.For the harm that makes fire is reduced to minimum degree, be necessary the real-time detection of temperature field distribution carrying out to the air preheater internal rotor, before taking place, fire detects focus formation and development trend, and adopting an effective measure prevents the generation of fire failure.
Air preheater hot spot pick-up unit commonly used at present is to adopt the infra-red heat point sensor that is installed in air preheater inside, and the air preheater rotor is scanned, and distributes thereby obtain its temperature field.When normal operation, air preheater inside is the environment of high temperature, high dust, therefore the reliability and the accuracy of infra-red heat point sensor and whole testing agency is had relatively high expectations.The cisco unity malfunction in case infra-red heat point sensor or whole testing agency break down, detection system has only out of service, again sensor or testing agency are keeped in repair and change when overhauling Deng air preheater, this will inevitably bring hidden danger to the safe and stable operation of air preheater.
At present the trisector air heater that 200MW and above high capacity unit thereof are generally adopted does not also have corresponding heating power measuring and calculating standard.Existing heating power measuring method can only obtain the import and export medial temperature of flue gas and air, and estimation precision can not meet the demands, and limitation is big, can not accurately obtain the temperature field distribution situation of flue gas, air and the rotor of air preheater inside.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of station boiler air preheater hot spot detecting method based on the rotor temperature field analog computation, when cisco unity malfunction is broken down in the infra-red heat point sensor of existing focus detection system or testing agency, utilize this analogy method rotor temperature field to be carried out the estimation of degree of precision, the formation and development trend of prediction focus, thereby avoid the generation of accident, guarantee the safe and stable operation of air preheater.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is, a kind of station boiler air preheater hot spot detecting method based on the rotor temperature field analog computation, and this method is implemented according to the following steps:
Step 1: the structural parameters of determining the air preheater that will monitor: radius R (m), rotor height h (m), angular velocity of rotation ω (rad/s) are provided with the temperature reference value of this air preheater hot spot pick-up unit;
Step 2: gather following parameter in real time: heat interchanging area, temperature on flow velocity, density, specific heat, pyroconductivity, the coefficient of heat transfer, the heat accumulating element unit volume; And the gained parameter value is input in equation (1) and the equation (2):
Wherein, v is a flow velocity, and unit is m/s; ρ is a density, and unit is kg/m
3C is a specific heat, and unit is J/kgK;
Be heat accumulating element cross-sectional area ratio, unit is m
2/ m
2T is a temperature, and unit is ℃; ω is an angular velocity of rotation, and unit is rad/s; σ is the heat accumulating element volume ratio, and unit is m
3/ m
3λ is a pyroconductivity, and unit is W/mK; R, z, θ are respectively radially, axial and axial coordinate variable, and unit is respectively m, m, rad, and α is the coefficient of heat transfer of fluid and heat-transfer surface, and unit is W/m
2K; β is a heat interchanging area on the heat accumulating element unit volume, and unit is m
2/ m
3Subscript g and m represent flue gas and heat accumulating element respectively;
Step 3: the border temperature value is carried out initialization, and it is arbitrary value that Tm, Tg are set, and definite boundary condition is as follows:
Radially: during i=0, make T
m(1, j, k)=T
m(0, j, k);
I=N
rThe time, consider heat loss factor α ',
Make T
m(N
r+ 1, j, k)=T
m(N
r, j, k)-Δ r α '/λ
g[T
m(Nr, j, k)-T '] circumferentially: during j=0, order
+ number be defined as the result on a measuring and calculating limit;
J=N
θThe time, order
+ number be defined as the result on a measuring and calculating limit;
Axially: during k=0, make T
m(i, j ,-1)=T
m(i, j, 0);
K=N
zThe time, make T
m(i, j, N
z+ 1)=T
m(i, j, N
z);
Step 4: the equation (1) and the equation (2) of step 2 gained are merged, and write as the form of difierence equation (3):
αβT
m(i，j，k)-αβT
g(i，j，k)+ωσ
mρ
mc
m×Δ
1T
m+Δ
2T
m+Δ
3T
m+Δ
4T
m+Δ
5T
m＝0(3)
Wherein,
The parabolic type partial difference equation of equation (3) is calculated with the numerical method of standard, cylindrical coordinates r, θ, the z variable i, j, k represent, represent respectively its radially, the position of circumferential and axial, i, j, the span of k is respectively:
i∈[0，N
r]，j∈[0，N
θ]，k∈[0，N
z] (4)
Wherein N is illustrated in the number of corresponding coordinate cut-point, obtains the temperature of fluid and heating surface on this section, this minute inner and outlet border, storehouse;
Step 5: equation (3) is carried out iteration, if the temperature error that twice obtains before and after the iterative process meets the requirement of the temperature reference value of setting, then calculate and finish, gained temperature field numerical value is input in the air preheater system master system device, replace the measured temperature value with the temperature value that calculates, finish the detection and the differentiation of air preheater hot spot; Otherwise the boundary temperature value in the step of updating 3 is got back to step 4 and is continued.
Detection method of the present invention, utilize existing air preheater hot spot detection system, when sensor fault or testing agency's fault appear in the air preheater hot spot detection system, the actual detected value that replaces sensor with calculated value, obtain the temperature field distribution situation of rotor, its reliability and accuracy obviously improve, and have guaranteed still can guarantee when the air preheater hot spot detection system breaks down that air preheater safely and steadily runs.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that air preheater calculates the infinitesimal synoptic diagram;
Fig. 2 is an air preheater start-stop stage heat accumulating element Temperature Distribution synoptic diagram;
Heat accumulating element Temperature Distribution synoptic diagram when Fig. 3 is the air preheater steady state condition;
Fig. 4 is the average outlet temperature synoptic diagram of fluid under the different iterationses.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Station boiler air preheater hot spot detecting method based on the rotor temperature field analog computation of the present invention, implement according to the following steps:
Step 1: determine the structural parameters of the air preheater that will monitor, comprise radius R (m), rotor height h (m), angular velocity of rotation ω (rad/s) is provided with the temperature reference value of this air preheater hot spot pick-up unit;
Step 2: gather following parameter in real time by Power Plant DCS, comprise flow velocity v (m/s); Density p (kg/m
3); Specific heat c (J/kgK); Pyroconductivity λ (W/mK); α is the coefficient of heat transfer (W/m of fluid (flue gas, air) and heat-transfer surface
2K); Heat interchanging area on the heat accumulating element unit volume is β (m
2/ m
3);
Be heat accumulating element cross-sectional area ratio, unit is m
2/ m
2T is a temperature, and unit is ℃; ω is an angular velocity of rotation, and unit is rad/s; σ is the heat accumulating element volume ratio, and unit is m
3/ m
3R, z, θ are respectively radially, the axial and circumferential coordinate variable, and unit is respectively m, m, rad; Subscript g and m represent flue gas and heat accumulating element respectively; And the gained parameter value is input in equation (1) and the equation (2):
The thermodynamic model equation (1) of air preheater and the foundation of equation (2).Because the metal heat accumulating element of rotary regenerative air heater is a large tracts of land thin-walled element, the rerum natura homogeneous, so before the mathematical model of heat exchange between derivation fluid and the metal heat accumulating element, following hypothesis is arranged: the first, heat accumulating element is made up of a plurality of metal thin-walls parallel to each other, suppose that thin-walled is enough thin, ignores the Temperature Distribution of heat accumulating element along thickness direction; The second, fluid (flue gas, air) is gone up uniform heat exchange at heat accumulating element (heating surface), compares with the two convection heat transfer, and heat accumulating element heat conduction, fluid self thermal conduction portions can be ignored; Three, in the residing temperature range of rotary regenerative air heater, the thermophysical property parameter of fluid varies with temperature not quite, thinks to be the single-valued function of fluid medial temperature; Four, rotary regenerative air heater good seal, the only existence of leaking out of cold fluid and hot fluid is carried and is leaked out, and does not have heat transfer process between rotor and the external environment.
As shown in Figure 1, the three-dimensional computations infinitesimal of an air preheater rotor of structure, set up cylindrical coordinate system, the infinitesimal of 5 kinds of thermofluxs by the air preheater rotor when moving, air preheater arranged, be respectively flue gas carry hot K1, heat accumulating element carry hot K2 and heat accumulating element radially conduct hot K3, axially conduct hot K4, circumferentially conduct hot K5, based on conservation of energy principle, can obtain the heat balance equation (1) of air preheater infinitesimal:
The heat that carried by flue gas, the 2nd heat that expression is carried by heat accumulating element, the 3rd heat conduction of having represented the material of heat accumulating element at three coordinate directions have been represented in the 1st on the left side of equation (1).Also there are the heat transfer from the flue gas to the heat accumulating element or from the heat accumulating element to the flue gas in thermal convection and heat conduction except by the air preheater infinitesimal, and this heat transfer equation can be represented by following equation (2):
The thermoflux of flue gas (air) is gone or is come from the 1st expression in equation (2) left side, and the thermoflux of heat accumulating element is gone or come from the 2nd expression.
Step 3: the border temperature value is carried out initialization, Tm, Tg initial value are set, and definite boundary condition is as follows:
Radially: during i=0, make T
m(1, j, k)=T
m(0, j, k);
I=N
rThe time, consider heat loss factor α ',
Make T
m(N
r+ 1, j, k)=T
m(N
r, j, k)-Δ r α '/λ
g[T
m(N
r, j, k)-T ']
Circumferentially: during j=0, order
The result on a measuring and calculating of (+number be defined as limit);
J=N
θThe time, order
The result on a measuring and calculating of (+number be defined as limit);
Axially: during k=0, make T
m(i, j ,-1)=T
m(i, j, 0);
K=N
zThe time, make T
m(i, j, N
z+ 1)=T
m(i, j, N
z);
Step 4: the equation (1) of step 2 gained and equation (2) are merged, and write as the form of difference equation (3), obtain the temperature of fluid and heating surface on this section, this minute inner and outlet border, storehouse, cylindrical coordinates r wherein, θ, z variable i, j, k represents, represent respectively its radially. the position of circumferential and axial, i, j, the span of k is respectively: and i ∈ [0, N
r], j ∈ [0, N
θ], k ∈ [0, N
z], wherein N is illustrated in the number of corresponding coordinate cut-point.
For finding the solution top two heat balance equations (1) and equation (2), they are merged, and are write as the form of difference equation:
αβT
m(i，j，k)-αβT
g(i，j，k)+ωσ
mρ
mc
m×Δ
1T
m+Δ
2T
m+Δ
3T
m+Δ
4T
m+Δ
5T
m＝0
Wherein
The parabolic type partial difference equation of equation (3) can calculate with the numerical method of standard, cylindrical coordinates r, θ, the z variable i, j, k represent, represent respectively its radially, the position of circumferential and axial, i, j, the span of k is respectively:
i∈[0，N
r]，j∈[0，N
θ]，k∈[0，N
z](4)
Wherein N is illustrated in the number of corresponding coordinate cut-point.
Just can find the solution the temperature field distribution value of air preheater rotor by above-mentioned boundary condition and equation (3).
Step 5: equation (3) is carried out iteration, if the temperature error that twice obtains before and after the iterative process meets the requirement of the temperature reference value of setting, then calculate and finish, gained temperature field numerical value is input in the air preheater system master system device, replace the measured temperature value with the temperature value that calculates, finish the detection and the differentiation of air preheater hot spot, in time determine the safety practice that to take; Otherwise the boundary temperature value in the step of updating 3 is got back to step 4 and is continued.
Method of the present invention is on the basis of principle of hydrodynamics, thermodynamic model at air preheater, the numerical method of the arbitrary three-dimensional coordinate point temperature value of a kind of definite air preheater rotor is proposed, and set up the field distribution of air preheater internal temperature, for the air preheater hot spot pick-up unit provides temperature reference value.Computing method of the present invention are incorporated in the main control unit of existing air preheater hot spot detection system, in case when detecting the infra-red heat point sensor of air preheater hot spot pick-up unit or testing agency and breaking down, air preheater system master system device is with the switching command of horse back according to system, with the current operating condition of air preheater as input, by method accounting temperature value of the present invention, and replace the actual measured value of sensor with this calculated value, continuing to implement effective focus in the time of just can breaking down in system detects, make existing air preheater hot spot pick-up unit realize the combination and the switching mutually of " directly detect and control " and " based on the soft measurement control of model output ", improve the automatic devoting rate of system, guaranteed the long-term safety stable operation of air preheater.
Embodiment:
Table 1 is depicted as the structural parameters of three fens storehouse rotary regenerative air heaters of certain 600MW thermal power generation unit.During measuring and calculating hot and cold cycle of heat accumulating element and preheating length being drawn N respectively is 50 unit, and according to the ratio of 600MW unit air preheater air side primary and secondary air, as a wind, remaining 36 unit are as secondary air with preceding 14 unit of cold cycle.
Certain 600MW boiler rotary regenerative air heater basic parameter of table 1
Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 are for being respectively three fens storehouses of 600MW air preheater start-stop stage, stablizing the three-dimensional temperature profile of metal heat accumulating element under the declared working condition, and horizontal, total coordinate is represented with equivalent cycle and equivalent length respectively.Fig. 4 is a fluid egress point medial temperature of utilizing the inventive method measuring and calculating, and through after 5 iteration, temperature value is just restrained.Primary and secondary air is in internal rotor variation of temperature rule as can be seen from Figure, and the outlet medial temperature of the two converges on 338 ℃ and 304 ℃ respectively.
Table 2 numerical result and field actual measurement results contrast
| The measuring and calculating value | Measured value | Error | |
| The heat accumulating element minimum temperature | 74.3℃ | 75℃ | 0.7℃ |
| The exhanst gas outlet temperature | 135℃ | 131℃ | -4℃ |
| The measuring and calculating value | Measured value | Error | |
| A wind outlet temperature | 338℃ | 335.4℃ | -3.6℃ |
| The secondary air outlet temperature | 304℃ | 310℃ | 6℃ |
Table 2 is comparing results of measuring and calculating value and the field measurement value of this method embodiment.It is to be noted, though one time the wind temperature in is lower 10 ℃ than secondary air, but after the inner heating of rotary regenerative air heater, one time the wind outlet temperature exceeds about 34 ℃ than secondary air, field measurement only is 28 ℃, and it may be not have to consider radially to leak out and axially leak out owing to only having considered that in the measuring and calculating process carrying leaks out that error produces.
Can find out from above-mentioned example, the method for supervising that the present invention proposes is feasible, it is to the not strict restriction of choosing of emulation operating mode and model object, no matter how equivalent cycle and equivalent length change, metal heat accumulating element and fluid temperature variations curve all can be restrained rapidly, and estimation precision is very high, therefore this method can be widely used in the practical project measuring and calculating, distribution to air preheater internal temperature field provides numeric reference, improve the reliability of air preheater hot spot pick-up unit, guarantee the safe and stable operation of unit.
Claims (1)
1. the station boiler air preheater hot spot detecting method based on the rotor temperature field analog computation is characterized in that, this method is implemented according to the following steps:
Step 1: utilize existing air preheater hot spot pick-up unit, determine the structural parameters of the air preheater that will monitor: radius R (m), rotor height h (m), angular velocity of rotation ω (rad/s) are provided with the temperature reference value of this air preheater hot spot pick-up unit;
Step 2: gather following parameter in real time: heat interchanging area, temperature on flow velocity, density, specific heat, pyroconductivity, the coefficient of heat transfer, the heat accumulating element unit volume; And the gained parameter value is input in equation (1) and the equation (2):
(2)
Wherein, v is the flow velocity of air preheater internal gas, and unit is m/s; ρ is a density, and unit is kg/m
3C is a specific heat, and unit is J/kgK, and density, specific heat refer to the density and the specific heat of air preheater internal gas;
Be heat accumulating element cross-sectional area ratio, unit is m
2/ m
2T is a temperature, and unit is K; ω is an angular velocity of rotation, and unit is rad/s; σ is the heat accumulating element volume ratio, and unit is m
3/ m
3λ is the pyroconductivity of air preheater interior metal heat accumulating element, and unit is W/mK; R, z, θ are respectively radially, the axial and circumferential coordinate variable, and unit is respectively m, m, rad, and α is the coefficient of heat transfer of fluid and metal heat accumulating element heat-transfer surface, and unit is W/m
2K; β is a heat interchanging area on the heat accumulating element unit volume, and unit is m
2/ m
3Subscript g and m represent flue gas and heat accumulating element respectively;
Step 3: the border temperature value is carried out initialization, T is set
m, T
gBe arbitrary value, and definite boundary condition is as follows:
Radially: during i=0, make T
m(1, j, k)=T
m(0, j, k);
I=N
rThe time, consider heat loss factor α ',
Make T
m(N
r+ 1, j, k)=T
m(N
r, j, k)-Δ r α '/λ
g[T
m(N
r, j, k)-T ']
Circumferentially: during j=0, order
+ number be defined as the result on a measuring and calculating limit;
J=N
θThe time, order
+ number be defined as the result on a measuring and calculating limit;
Axially: during k=0, make T
m(i, j ,-1)=T
m(i, j, 0);
K=N
zThe time, make T
m(i, j, N
z+ 1)=T
m(i, j, N
z);
Step 4: the equation (1) and the equation (2) of step 2 gained are merged, and write as the form of difierence equation (3):
αβT
m(i，j，k)-αβT
g(i，j，k)+ωσ
mρ
mc
m×Δ
1T
m+Δ
2T
m+Δ
3T
m+Δ
4T
m+Δ
5T
m＝0
(3)
Wherein,
The parabolic type partial difference equation of equation (3) is calculated with the numerical method of standard, cylindrical coordinates r, θ, the z variable i, j, k represent, represent respectively its radially, the position of circumferential and axial, i, j, the span of k is respectively:
i∈[0，N
r]，j∈[0，N
θ]，k∈[0，N
z] (4)
Wherein N is illustrated in the number of corresponding coordinate cut-point, by iterative computation, can obtain this section (i, j, k) temperature of fluid and heating surface;
Step 5: equation (3) is carried out iteration, if the temperature error that twice obtains before and after the iterative process meets the requirement of the temperature reference value of setting, then calculate and finish, gained temperature field numerical value is input in the air preheater system master system device, replace the measured temperature value with the temperature value that calculates, finish the detection and the differentiation of air preheater hot spot; Otherwise the boundary temperature value in the step of updating 3 is got back to step 4 and is continued.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN2008102317720A CN101382458B (en) | 2008-10-16 | 2008-10-16 | Station boiler air preheater hot spot detecting method based on analog computation of rotor temperature field |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2008102317720A CN101382458B (en) | 2008-10-16 | 2008-10-16 | Station boiler air preheater hot spot detecting method based on analog computation of rotor temperature field |
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| CN101382458B true CN101382458B (en) | 2010-11-10 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103267587A (en) * | 2013-03-18 | 2013-08-28 | 国电南瑞科技股份有限公司 | Calculation method of temperature of rotor winding of large-size water-turbine generator set |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109307279A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2019-02-05 | 华能海南发电股份有限公司 | A kind of rotary regenerative air preheater stppage alarm and automatic processing method |
| CN109657345B (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2022-11-22 | 上海交通大学 | Real-time estimation method for direct air leakage flow of rotary air preheater |
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2008
- 2008-10-16 CN CN2008102317720A patent/CN101382458B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103267587A (en) * | 2013-03-18 | 2013-08-28 | 国电南瑞科技股份有限公司 | Calculation method of temperature of rotor winding of large-size water-turbine generator set |
| WO2014146422A1 (en) * | 2013-03-18 | 2014-09-25 | 国电南瑞科技股份有限公司 | Method for measuring and calculating temperature of rotor winding of large-sized water turbine generator set |
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