CN101379925B - 蟹爪兰扦插方法 - Google Patents

蟹爪兰扦插方法 Download PDF

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CN101379925B
CN101379925B CN2008101517791A CN200810151779A CN101379925B CN 101379925 B CN101379925 B CN 101379925B CN 2008101517791 A CN2008101517791 A CN 2008101517791A CN 200810151779 A CN200810151779 A CN 200810151779A CN 101379925 B CN101379925 B CN 101379925B
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CN101379925A (zh
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杨铁顺
赵亮
王宝生
吴建平
王立娟
夏慧琴
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Tianjin Dongxin International Flower Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于花卉栽培方法领域。蟹爪兰扦插方法，取成熟的蟹爪兰片作为插穗，插穗长度一般为4厘米至10厘米，插穗的节位不少于2个，插穗入土深度应是穗长的1/2以上，扦插密度以叶片互不重叠为宜，扦插基质为20％椰砖加80％品氏土，扦插时用水喷湿扦插基质，穴盘每孔扦插2～3片蟹爪兰片。扦插时温度保持在15℃—25℃。一个月后以本发明扦插的蟹爪兰根生长基本达到上盆要求，且基本不存在烂叶现象，成活率提高到95％。

Description

蟹爪兰扦插方法
技术领域
本发明属于植物栽培方法领域；特别是花卉栽培方法领域。
背景技术
蟹爪兰原产南美巴西。属仙人掌科蟹爪兰属，为多年生肉质花卉，盆栽或吊盆栽培，花期2～3个月，叶状茎扁平多节，肥厚，卵圆形，鲜绿色，先端截形，边缘具粗锯齿。花着生于茎的顶端，花被开张反卷，花色有淡紫、黄、红、纯白、粉红、橙和双色等。近年来，英国、法国、德国、美国、日本和丹麦等国的花卉育种家，都做了大量的杂交育种研究，选育出200个栽培品种。常见的有白花的圣诞白(WhiteChristmas)、多塞(Dorthe)、吉纳(Gina)、雪花(Snowflake)，黄色的金媚(GoldCharm)、圣诞火焰(ChristmasFlame)、金幻(GoldFantasy)、剑桥(Cambridge)，橙色的安特(Anette)、弗里多(Frida)，紫色的马多加(Madonga)，粉色的卡米拉(Camilla)、麦迪斯托(Madisto)和伊娃(Eva)等。同时，根据花期的早晚，蟹爪兰又分为早生种、中生种和晚生种。蟹爪兰的花期从9月至翌年4月，鲜艳绚丽的蟹爪兰给人们带来了春天的气息。在自然环境中，常附生于树上或潮湿山谷，因而栽培环境要求半阴、湿润。夏季避免烈日暴晒和雨淋，冬季要求温暖和光照充足。土壤酸碱度在pH5.5—6.5。蟹爪兰的生长期适温为18—23℃，开花温度以10—15℃为宜，不超过25℃，以维持15℃最好，冬季温度低于10℃时要控制水分供应。蟹爪兰属短日照植物，由此在短日照条件下才能孕蕾开花。
蟹爪兰可用扦插、嫁接和播种繁殖。传统的蟹爪兰扦插用蛭石作为基质，扦插后烂叶数量多，成活率较低，大约只有70％的成活率。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于满足蟹爪兰繁殖的需要，提供一种成活率高的蟹爪兰扦插方法。
本发明的目的是这样实现的：取成熟的蟹爪兰片作为插穗，插穗长度一般为4厘米至10厘米，插穗的节位不少于2个，插穗入土深度应是穗长的1/2以上，扦插密度以叶片互不重叠为宜，扦插基质为20％椰砖加80％品氏土，扦插时用水喷湿扦插基质，穴盘每孔扦插2～3片蟹爪兰片。扦插时温度保持在15℃—25℃。
有益效果：一个月后以品本发明方法扦插的蟹爪兰根生长基本达到上盆要求，且基本不存在烂叶现象，成活率提高到95％。
具体实施方式
蟹爪兰扦插，插穗采集可结合苗木修剪进行，插穗从母株上采下后立即洒水保湿以防失水萎蔫。插穗长度一般为4厘米至10厘米，但必须保证插穗的节位不少于2个，插穗两端的剪口亦平整，不能破裂伤皮等。插穗上的叶片宜疏除一半以上，疏叶时不能撕裂皮层。插穗入土深度应是穗长的1/2以上，扦插密度以叶片互不重叠为宜。扦插基质分别用蛭石、品氏土(0--20#)和椰砖加品氏土(0--20#)(椰砖20％加品氏土80％)三种方式试验：
用72孔穴盘把三种原料各装20盘，取同样的的成熟蟹爪兰片，把上在穴盘里的三种原料用水喷湿(半湿状)，每种原料的穴盘每孔扦插3片蟹爪兰片。
扦插完毕之后，把三种原料的穴盘苗放置在同样的温室内观察：
一天后无明显反应，二天后蛭石和品氏土扦插的穴盘苗有烂片的现象。一星期后，蛭石扦插的穴盘苗有生根的迹象，品氏土加椰砖的穴盘苗也慢慢生根。两星期后，蛭石扦插的穴盘苗生根很快，但烂片增多，品氏土则也有生根现象，但生根很慢，品氏土加椰砖的生根良好，烂片相对前2种明显比较少一些。
一个月后蛭石的和品氏土加椰砖的根生长基本达到上盆要求，品氏土的差一些。
烂片数量上蛭石的较多一些，20盘中烂掉约280片，合每盘烂14片左右，而品氏土加椰砖的只有5—6片左右。
所以，无论从生根质量和烂片数量上看，品氏土加椰砖的效果都比其它好一些。
不同基质扦插成活率对比表
 
扦插基质 扦插盆数 成活数 成活率％
蛭石 20 14 70％
品氏土(0--20#) 20 17 85％
椰砖加品氏土(0--20#) 20 19 95％
从上表可以看出，用椰砖加品氏土作为扦插基质的成活率为95％，明显高于用蛭石和品氏土作为扦插基质的成活率。

Claims (3)

1.蟹爪兰扦插方法，其特征在于，取成熟的蟹爪兰片作为插条，插穗长度为4厘米至10厘米，插穗的节位不少于2个，扦插基质为20％椰砖加80％品氏土，扦插时用水喷湿扦插基质，插穗入土深度应是穗长的1/2以上，扦插时温度保持在15℃-25℃。
2.根据权利要求1所述的蟹爪兰扦插方法，其特征在于，穴盘每孔扦插2～3片蟹爪兰片。
3.根据权利要求1所述的蟹爪兰扦插方法，其特征在于，所述的品氏土是0--20#的。
CN2008101517791A 2008-09-25 2008-09-25 蟹爪兰扦插方法 Active CN101379925B (zh)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102124884A (zh) * 2010-11-29 2011-07-20 天津滨海国际花卉科技园区股份有限公司 蟹爪兰的扦插方法
CN106472085A (zh) * 2016-10-10 2017-03-08 赣州市花卉研究所 一种延长蟹爪兰观赏期的方法
CN108076876A (zh) * 2018-01-17 2018-05-29 宁波市农业科学研究院 一种蟹爪兰生根种苗的繁殖方法
CN108124590B (zh) * 2018-01-23 2021-05-07 宁波市农业科学研究院 一种蟹爪兰种片的采收处理方法
CN111213577A (zh) * 2018-11-26 2020-06-02 金沙县家家乐种植专业合作社 一种蟹爪兰特小盆栽的快速种植方法

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