CN101379439B - Electronic photographing photosensitive component, processing cartridge, and electronic photographing device - Google Patents

Abstract

An electrophotographic photosensitive material capable of forming a good image for an extended time by preventing a large scar on a photosensitive material surface that may cause a defective image without depending on a mechanical strength increasing method, a process cartridge and an electrophotographic device having this electrophotographic photosensitive material. The electrophotographic photosensitive material comprises a support and a photosensitive material layer provided on the support, characterized in that, when a plurality of independent recessed portions, having long axes diameter of 0.1[mu]m through 10[mu]m, short axes diameter of 0.1[mu]m through 10[mu]m, and the distances between the deepest portions and the opening surfaces of 0.1[mu]m through 10[mu]m, are provided in the photosensitive material surface, square areas B each having one side being in parallel to the rotation direction of the photosensitive material and measuring 50[mu]m are provided in each of 100 areas A obtained equally dividing the surface by four in the photosensitive material rotation direction and equally dividing it by 25 in a direction perpendicular to the photosensitive material rotation direction, and each area B is equally divided by 500 with lines parallel to the photosensitive material rotation direction, 400 through 499 lines out of the above lines pass the recessed portion in each area B.

Description

Electrophotographic photosensitive element, handle box and electronic photographing device

Technical field

The present invention relates to electrophotographic photosensitive element and handle box and electronic photographing device with this electrophotographic photosensitive element.

Background technology

As electrophotographic photosensitive element (hereinafter referred " Electrifier frame, photoreceptor "), consider the low and high advantage of throughput rate of price, have supporting mass and the use organic material that is provided with has thereon become universal as the electrophotographic Electrifier frame, photoreceptor of the photographic layer (organic photosensitive layer) of photoconductive material (for example charge generating material and charge transport material).As the electrophotographic Electrifier frame, photoreceptor, have the electrophotographic Electrifier frame, photoreceptor that is called the multi-layered type photographic layer and popularize, this photographic layer is by the charge generation layer of the photographic layer that contains charge generating material such as photoconductivity dyestuff or photoconductive pigment and contain the photographic layer that the charge transport layer of charge transport material such as photoconductive polymer or photoconductivity low molecular weight compound is formed; With these stacked putting to form photographic layer.This is a diversity of considering advantage such as hypersensitivity and material design.

Electrophotographic photosensitive element usually and developing material one be used from electrophotographic image formation method.Electric external force and mechanical external force are directly put on the surface of electrophotographic photosensitive element, and therefore a lot of problems may occur.

As the problem of such electrophotographic photosensitive element, may provide the image deterioration that causes by the scratch that on the electrophotographic photosensitive element surface, produces that causes because of above-mentioned external force.In order to solve this type of problem, research improves the electrophotographic photosensitive element superficial layer energetically.Concretely, attempt improving the physical strength of superficial layer to improve the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor surface to its scratch of external force generation thus and the permanance of wearability.

Up to now, polycarbonate resin has been widely used as the adhesive resin of the superficial layer that is used for electrophotographic photosensitive element.In recent years, propose to use to have, so that can aspect physical strength, improve superficial layer (referring to for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.H10-039521) than the polycarbonate resin polyarylate resin of high mechanical properties more.This polyarylate resin is a kind of aromatic hydrocarbons dicarboxylic acid vibrin.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.H02-127652 openly has and uses curable resin as the cured layer of the adhesive resin electrophotographic photosensitive element as superficial layer.Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.H05-216249 and No.H07-072640 also openly have by monomer being cured charge transport cured layer that polymerization the forms electrophotographic photosensitive element as superficial layer in the presence of heat energy or luminous energy; This monomer is to have the adhesive resin monomer of carbon-to-carbon double bond and have the charge transport function and have the monomer of carbon-to-carbon double bond.Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.2000-066424 and No.2000-066425 further openly have by electron ray can in the presence of compound is cured charge transport cured layer that polymerization the forms electrophotographic photosensitive element as superficial layer; This compound is for having the cavity conveying compound of chain polymerization functional group in a part.

Therefore, in recent years, as the technology of the physical strength of improving the electrophotographic photosensitive element surface, the adhesive resin that has proposed to have high mechanical properties is used for the superficial layer of electrophotographic photosensitive element and superficial layer is formed the technology of cured layer.

In recent years, also propose the suitable roughening in the surface of electrophotographic photosensitive element to improve by cleaning element in the performance aspect the cleaning sensitization component surface.

As the method on roughening electrophotographic photosensitive element surface, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.S53-092133 discloses and the surfaceness of electrophotographic photosensitive element (roughness of outer surface) has been controlled at particular range so that transfer materials is easy to the technology with the electrophotographic photosensitive element surface isolation.The drying condition of this Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.S53-092133 also open control formation superficial layer is so that with the method on tangerine peel state roughening electrophotographic photosensitive element surface.Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.S52-026226 is open to introduce the technology of superficial layer with roughening electrophotographic photosensitive element surface with particle.Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.S57-094772 openly uses the technology of metal metal plug matte surface laminar surface with roughening electrophotographic photosensitive element surface.Cleaning device that Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.H01-099060 public use is specific and toner are with the technology on the surface of roughening electrophotographic Electrifier frame, photoreceptor.According to this Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.H01-099060, description can solve the problem that cleaning balde perk and its edge part are pruned, and these problems are to come into question when being used to have the electronic photographing device that is higher than particular procedure speed.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.H02-139566 openly uses the technology of the surface of thin lapping compound matte surface layer with roughening electrophotographic photosensitive element surface.Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.H02-150850 openly carries out the technology of sandblast with roughening electrophotographic photosensitive element surface.Yet this technology is unclear about the details of the electrophotographic photosensitive element surface profile by this quadrat method surface roughening.International open No.2005/93518 pamphlet openly carries out the technology of above-mentioned sandblast with the outer surface of roughening electrophotographic photosensitive element, and openly has the profile electrophotographic photosensitive element of regulation pit shape.The improvement that obtains about the transfer printing performance of the stained image that is tending towards producing under hot and humid environment and toner has wherein been described.The technology that handle by the pressing mold press forming of the unevenness with pit form on the also open surface with electrophotographic photosensitive element of Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.2001-066814.

Summary of the invention

As the method for the physical strength of above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.H10-39521, No.H02-127652, No.H05-216249, No.H07-72640, No.2000-66424 and the disclosed improvement electrophotographic photosensitive element of No.2000-66425 superficial layer in, improve mechanical strength of resin and brought and suppress the achievement that the surface produces scratch.Yet for high quality graphic is provided for a long time, not talkative these methods are enough for suppressing the scratch growth.

In above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.S53-92133, No.S52-26226, No.S57-94772, No.H01-99060, No.H02-139566 and No.H02-150850 and the disclosed proposal of international publication No.2005/93518 pamphlet, the processing on electrophotographic photosensitive element surface has obtained the improvement of clean-up performance aspect.Yet not talkative these propose that for suppressing to produce the scratch growth on the electrophotographic photosensitive element surface be enough.

In above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.2001-066814, in the disclosed electrophotographic photosensitive element, the improvement that trickle unevenness has been implemented in toner transfer printing aspect of performance is set on the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor surface.Yet for the increase of the scratch that suppresses to have produced on the electrophotographic photosensitive element surface, this can not say so enough.

The objective of the invention is to suppress the electrophotographic photosensitive element surface causes the scratch of bad size of images and suppresses the scratch growth, can form the electrophotographic photosensitive element of good image for a long time thereby provide, and handle box and electronic photographing device with this electrophotographic photosensitive element.

As for scratch that causes bad size of images that produces on Electrifier frame, photoreceptor surface and the broad research result that increases for this scratch, the inventor has found trickle depressed part to be configured on the electrophotographic photosensitive element surface to meet some requirements, and can effectively suppress the electrophotographic photosensitive element surface like this and produce and cause the scratch of bad size of images and suppress this scratch and increase.Therefore, they have finished the present invention.

More specifically, the electrophotographic photosensitive element that the present invention relates to have supporting mass and photographic layer thereon is set, wherein:

Electrophotographic photosensitive element has the surface that has a plurality of depressed parts independent of each other;

This depressed part has surface opening separately, this surface opening have 0.1 μ m above to the footpath Rpc of the major axis below the 10 μ m and more than the 0.1 μ m to the short shaft diameter Lpc below the 10 μ m and more than the 0.1 μ m to the deep of each depressed part below the 10 μ m and the distance R dv between its opening; With

Wherein the surface with electrophotographic photosensitive element is divided into 4 zones along the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor sense of rotation, then along being divided into 25 zones with Electrifier frame, photoreceptor sense of rotation vertical direction, thereby obtain amounting to the regional A of 100-point, in each regional A, the square area B that every limit is 50 μ m is set, it is parallel to the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor sense of rotation on one side, and each area B is divided into 500 zones by 499 straight lines that are parallel to the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor sense of rotation, in 499 lines 400 more than the line to 499 below the line through the depressed parts in each area B.

The invention still further relates to the handle box that has above-mentioned electrophotographic photosensitive element and be selected from least a device in the group of forming by charging device, developing apparatus and cleaning device; This handle box removably can be installed on the main body of electronic photographing device.

The invention still further relates to electronic photographing device with above-mentioned electrophotographic photosensitive element, charging device, exposure device, developing apparatus and transfer device.

According to the present invention, can suppress the generation of electrophotographic photosensitive element surface causes the scratch of bad size of images and suppresses this scratch growth, and do not rely on any method that improves physical strength, can provide like this to form the electrophotographic photosensitive element of good image for a long time, and handle box and electronic photographing device with this electrophotographic photosensitive element.

Description of drawings

Figure 1A is the figure of example that the vertical view of the depressed part among the present invention is shown.Four-headed arrow is represented the major axis footpath Rpc of depressed part among the figure.

Figure 1B is the figure of example that the vertical view of the depressed part among the present invention is shown.Four-headed arrow is represented the major axis footpath Rpc of depressed part among the figure.

Fig. 1 C is the figure of example that the vertical view of the depressed part among the present invention is shown.Four-headed arrow is represented the major axis footpath Rpc of depressed part among the figure.

Fig. 1 D is the figure of example that the vertical view of the depressed part among the present invention is shown.Four-headed arrow is represented the major axis footpath Rpc of depressed part among the figure.

Fig. 1 E is the figure of example that the vertical view of the depressed part among the present invention is shown.Four-headed arrow is represented the major axis footpath Rpc of depressed part among the figure.

Fig. 1 F is the figure of example that the vertical view of the depressed part among the present invention is shown.Four-headed arrow is represented the major axis footpath Rpc of depressed part among the figure.

Fig. 1 G is the figure of example that the vertical view of the depressed part among the present invention is shown.Four-headed arrow is represented the major axis footpath Rpc of depressed part among the figure.

Fig. 1 H is the figure of example that the vertical view of the depressed part among the present invention is shown.Four-headed arrow is represented the major axis footpath Rpc of depressed part among the figure.

Fig. 2 A is the figure of example that the vertical view of the depressed part among the present invention is shown.Four-headed arrow is represented the short shaft diameter Lpc of depressed part among the figure.

Fig. 2 B is the figure of example that the vertical view of the depressed part among the present invention is shown.Four-headed arrow is represented the short shaft diameter Lpc of depressed part among the figure.

Fig. 2 C is the figure of example that the vertical view of the depressed part among the present invention is shown.Four-headed arrow is represented the short shaft diameter Lpc of depressed part among the figure.

Fig. 2 D is the figure of example that the vertical view of the depressed part among the present invention is shown.Four-headed arrow is represented the short shaft diameter Lpc of depressed part among the figure.

Fig. 2 E is the figure of example that the vertical view of the depressed part among the present invention is shown.Four-headed arrow is represented the short shaft diameter Lpc of depressed part among the figure.

Fig. 2 F is the figure of example that the vertical view of the depressed part among the present invention is shown.Four-headed arrow is represented the short shaft diameter Lpc of depressed part among the figure.

Fig. 2 G is the figure of example that the vertical view of the depressed part among the present invention is shown.Four-headed arrow is represented the short shaft diameter Lpc of depressed part among the figure.

Fig. 2 H is the figure of example that the vertical view of the depressed part among the present invention is shown.Four-headed arrow is represented the short shaft diameter Lpc of depressed part among the figure.

Fig. 3 A is the figure of example that the cross sectional shape of the depressed part among the present invention is shown.Four-headed arrow is represented the major axis footpath Rpc of depressed part and the depressed part deepest part distance R dv to opening among the figure.

Fig. 3 B is the figure of example that the cross sectional shape of the depressed part among the present invention is shown.Four-headed arrow is represented the major axis footpath Rpc of depressed part and the depressed part deepest part distance R dv to opening among the figure

Fig. 3 C is the figure of example that the cross sectional shape of the depressed part among the present invention is shown.Four-headed arrow is represented the major axis footpath Rpc of depressed part and the depressed part deepest part distance R dv to opening among the figure.

Fig. 3 D is the figure of example that the cross sectional shape of the depressed part among the present invention is shown.Four-headed arrow is represented the major axis footpath Rpc of depressed part and the depressed part deepest part distance R dv to opening among the figure.

Fig. 3 E is the figure of example that the cross sectional shape of the depressed part among the present invention is shown.Four-headed arrow is represented the major axis footpath Rpc of depressed part and the depressed part deepest part distance R dv to opening among the figure.

Fig. 3 F is the figure of example that the cross sectional shape of the depressed part among the present invention is shown.Four-headed arrow is represented the major axis footpath Rpc of depressed part and the depressed part deepest part distance R dv to opening among the figure.

Fig. 3 G is the figure of example that the cross sectional shape of the depressed part among the present invention is shown.Four-headed arrow is represented the major axis footpath Rpc of depressed part and the depressed part deepest part distance R dv to opening among the figure.

Fig. 4 is the figure that the supporting mass 1 in the electrophotographic photosensitive element of the present invention is shown and is arranged at the photographic layer 2 on this supporting mass.(figure cathetus O-P is a straight line vertical with the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor sense of rotation on photographic layer.)

Fig. 5 illustrates the figure that how to specify regional A of the present invention.(it illustrates subregion A with the abridged form).

Fig. 6 illustrates the figure that area B is divided into 500 zones by 499 straight lines that are parallel to the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor sense of rotation.(the part straight line only is shown in the drawings.)

Fig. 7 illustrates the figure how area B cathetus among the present invention passes through the example of depressed part.

Fig. 8 is the part enlarged drawing that the example of the Pareto diagram of laser mask among the present invention is shown.

Fig. 9 is the synoptic diagram that the example of Laser Surface Treatment unit among the present invention is shown.

Figure 10 is the part enlarged drawing of example of Pareto diagram that the depressed part of the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor outmost surface that obtains according to the present invention is shown.

Figure 11 provides the synoptic diagram of example of the crimping profile transfer surface processing unit of material for use mould among the present invention is shown as profile.

Figure 12 is the synoptic diagram of another example that the crimping profile transfer surface processing unit of the use mould among the present invention is shown.

Figure 13 is the part enlarged drawing of the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor surface in contact of mould among the present invention, and the example of its surface profile is shown.

Figure 14 is the part enlarged drawing of the xsect of the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor surface in contact of mould among the present invention, and the example of its surface profile is shown.

Figure 15 is provided with the synoptic diagram that has according to the example of the electronic photographing device structure of the handle box of electrophotographic photosensitive element of the present invention.

Figure 16 is the part enlarged drawing that the Pareto diagram example of the laser mask that is used for embodiment 1 is shown.

Figure 17 is the part enlarged drawing of Pareto diagram that the depressed part of the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor outmost surface among the embodiment 1 is shown.

Figure 18 is the part enlarged drawing of Electrifier frame, photoreceptor surface in contact that is used for the mould of embodiment 12, and its surface profile is shown.

Figure 19 is the part enlarged drawing of Pareto diagram of depressed part that is used for the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor outmost surface of embodiment 12.

Figure 20 is the part enlarged drawing of Electrifier frame, photoreceptor surface in contact that is used for the mould of embodiment 13, and its surface profile is shown.

Figure 21 is the part enlarged drawing of Pareto diagram that the depressed part of the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor outmost surface among the embodiment 13 is shown.

Figure 22 is the part enlarged drawing of Electrifier frame, photoreceptor surface in contact that is used for the mould of comparative example 1, and its surface profile is shown.

Figure 23 is the part enlarged drawing of Pareto diagram that the depressed part of the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor outmost surface in the comparative example 1 is shown.

Embodiment

More detailed description of the present invention is as follows.

In sum, electrophotographic photosensitive element of the present invention is the electrophotographic photosensitive element that has supporting mass and photographic layer thereon is set, wherein;

This electrophotographic photosensitive element has the surface that has a plurality of depressed parts independent of each other;

This depressed part has surface opening separately, this surface opening have 0.1 μ m above to the footpath Rpc of the major axis below the 10 μ m and more than the 0.1 μ m to the short shaft diameter Lpc below the 10 μ m and more than the 0.1 μ m to the deepest part of each depressed part below the 10 μ m and the distance R dv between its opening; With

Wherein the surface with electrophotographic photosensitive element is divided into 4 zones along the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor sense of rotation, then along being divided into 25 zones with Electrifier frame, photoreceptor sense of rotation vertical direction, thereby obtain amounting to the regional A of 100-point, in each regional A, the square area B that every limit is 50 μ m is set, it is parallel to the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor sense of rotation on one side, and each area B is divided into 500 zones by 499 straight lines that are parallel to the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor sense of rotation, in 499 lines 400 more than the line to 499 depressed parts that pass below the line in each area B.

Depressed part independent of each other is meant the depressed part that clearly separates individualism with other depressed part among the present invention.Being formed at the lip-deep depressed part of electrophotographic photosensitive element among the present invention can comprise, for example observe Electrifier frame, photoreceptor when surface, have shape that each free straight line constitutes those, have those of those and each free straight line of shape that each free curve constitutes and shape that curve constitutes.The shape that is made of straight line can comprise for example triangle, quadrilateral, pentagon and hexagon.The shape that is made of curve can comprise for example circle and oval.The shape that is made of straight line and curve can comprise quadrilateral, the hexagon with fillet and fan-shaped that for example has fillet.

The depression in the surface portion of the electrophotographic photosensitive element among the present invention also can comprise, when for example observing the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor xsect, have those of shape that each free straight line constitutes, have shape that each free curve constitutes those and have each free straight line and those of shape that curve constitutes.The shape that is made of straight line can comprise, for example, and triangle, quadrilateral and pentagon.The shape that is made of curve can comprise for example circle and oval.The shape that is made of straight line and curve can comprise the quadrilateral that for example has fillet and fan-shaped.

As the instantiation of the electrophotographic photosensitive element depression in the surface portion among the present invention, they can comprise the depressed part that is shown among Figure 1A to 1H, Fig. 2 A to 2H and Fig. 3 A to 3G.Electrophotographic photosensitive element depression in the surface of the present invention portion can have different shapes, size and the degree of depth separately.They also can be of similar shape, size and the degree of depth.The surface of electrophotographic photosensitive element also may further be have the depressed part that has different shapes, size and the degree of depth separately and be of similar shape, the surface of the combination of the depressed part of size and the degree of depth.

Major axis of the present invention directly is meant the longest straight length in the straight line that passes each depressed part opening.Concretely, shown in the major axis footpath Rpc among the footpath Rpc of the major axis among Figure 1A to 1H and Fig. 3 A to 3G, it is meant when the surface based on the depression in the surface portion opening that centers on electrophotographic photosensitive element, when being positioned over depressed part between parallel two straight lines that touch the depressed part open end, the length that the distance between these two straight lines obtains when reaching maximal value.For example, when depressed part had circular plan view shape, major axis directly referred to diameter.When depressed part had oval plan view shape, major axis directly referred to major diameter.When depressed part had the quadrilateral plan view shape, major axis directly referred to diagonal line long in the diagonal line.

Short shaft diameter of the present invention is meant the shortest straight length in the straight line that passes each depressed part opening.Concretely, shown in the short shaft diameter Lpc among Fig. 2 A to 2H, it is meant the surface of working as based on around electrophotographic photosensitive element depression in the surface portion opening, depressed part is positioned between parallel two straight lines that touch the depressed part open end length that the distance between these two straight lines obtains when reaching minimum value.For example, when depressed part had circular plan view shape, major axis directly referred to diameter.Have oval plan view shape at depressed part, major axis directly refers to minor axis.

Distance R dv between the deepest part of each depressed part among the present invention and its opening is meant, as Fig. 3 degree of depth Rdv shown in, distance between the deepest part of each depressed part and its opening, that is, and based on the degree of depth around the surface of the opening of electrophotographic photosensitive element depression in the surface portion.

On its photographic layer surface, produce and cause the scratch of bad size of images and suppress scratch and increase in order to suppress electrophotographic photosensitive element, on the photographic layer surface of electrophotographic photosensitive element, form depressed part at least.

Depressed part exists in this manner, when the surface with electrophotographic photosensitive element is divided into 4 zones along the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor sense of rotation, then along being divided into 25 zones with Electrifier frame, photoreceptor sense of rotation vertical direction, thereby obtain amounting to the regional A of 100-point, in each regional A, the square area B that every limit is 50 μ m is set, it is parallel to the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor sense of rotation on one side, and each area B is divided into 500 zones by 499 straight lines that are parallel to the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor sense of rotation, in 499 straight lines 400 more than the line to 499 depressed parts that pass below the line in each area B.

With reference to Figure 4 and 5 how appointed area A is described.To be shown in photographic layer surface 2 in the electrophotographic photosensitive element of Fig. 4 along on the photographic layer surface, launching then, thereby obtain content as shown in Figure 5 with the straight line O-P cutting of extending with Electrifier frame, photoreceptor sense of rotation vertical direction.Some O ' among Fig. 5 and some P ' be respectively expression will this layer cutting with launch before the some O that is connected and the point of putting P.The quadrilateral that O-P-P '-O ' is formed is divided into 4 zones along the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor sense of rotation, then its edge is divided into 25 zones with Electrifier frame, photoreceptor sense of rotation vertical direction, thereby can specifies the regional A of total 100-point as shown in Figure 5.(Fig. 5 illustrates subregion A with the abridged form.)

Will be arranged at area B among the regional A that so obtains is parallel to the straight line L1 to L499 of Electrifier frame, photoreceptor sense of rotation by total 499 straight lines and be divided into 500 zones, thereby obtain content as shown in Figure 6.Shown in the four-headed arrow among Fig. 6, respectively do for oneself 0.1 μ m at the interval between the straight line.

How to pass depressed part about the straight line in each area B, be described with reference to figure 7.Straight line in the area B of the present invention passes depressed part 3 and is illustrated particularly by (7-a), (7-b) among Fig. 7 and the state that (7-c) illustrates.That is, the straight line in the area B does not pass any depressed part and is illustrated particularly by the state that (7-d) among Fig. 7 illustrates conversely speaking.In the present invention, even the straight line in the area B passes some part of one or more depressed parts, also this straight line to be calculated as the straight line that passes depressed part.

State in realization in the electrophotographic photosensitive element of condition, it can effectively suppress the surface generation of whole photographic layer and cause the scratch of bad size of images and suppress the scratch growth.

In recent years, the normal electrophotographic photosensitive element that uses can comprise cylindrical shape or banded electrophotographic photosensitive element.In such electrophotographic photosensitive element, can carry out the continuous images formation step of part or all of charging, development, transfer printing and cleaning along with the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor rotation.This Electrifier frame, photoreceptor often uses with such state: in above-mentioned image forming course, Electrifier frame, photoreceptor contacts with charging member, developing member, transfer member and cleaning element.

Under the situation that Electrifier frame, photoreceptor and the member except that this Electrifier frame, photoreceptor contact with each other owing to be called the characteristic of the motion of rotation, think the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor surface the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor sense of rotation be subjected to different influences with Electrifier frame, photoreceptor sense of rotation vertical direction.Situation in Electrifier frame, photoreceptor and the member continuous drive except that this Electrifier frame, photoreceptor, Electrifier frame, photoreceptor and the member except that this Electrifier frame, photoreceptor are distinguished the situation of rotation independently, only a part and the member except that this Electrifier frame, photoreceptor with Electrifier frame, photoreceptor rotates under any one situation of situation, think: with compare along Electrifier frame, photoreceptor sense of rotation vertical direction, apply bigger power along the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor sense of rotation to the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor surface.This is because friction force plays a part bigger during the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor rotation along sense of rotation.Big like this friction force repeat function is in the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor sense of rotation.Therefore, produced on the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor surface under the situation of trickle scratch, the friction force of repeat function makes trickle like this scratch increase gradually along the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor sense of rotation subsequently, produces the big scratch along the extension of Electrifier frame, photoreceptor sense of rotation that is called the periphery scratch until them.Can find some bigger scratches in these scratches by range estimation Electrifier frame, photoreceptor surface.In case the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor surface has produced trickle scratch, so the scratch that forms is because the repeat function of friction force becomes bigger, to cause result from charge unevenly around the scratch on the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor, development, transfer printing and cleaning, cause picture quality to reduce.

In the present invention, electrophotographic photosensitive element has specific depressed part on its surface.This not only makes the trickle scratch of Electrifier frame, photoreceptor surface generation still less, also make any trickle scratch that obtains along the direction that is parallel to the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor sense of rotation hardly with greater than causing that bad size of images increases, reduce thereby suppress picture quality, this is because scratch can increase along the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor sense of rotation.Such method is proposed herein.More specifically, in electrophotographic photosensitive element of the present invention, even the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor surface produced as its result who contacts with other member trickle scratch and as with situation that resultant so trickle scratch that other member repeats to contact has increased along the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor sense of rotation under, also can increase and stop this scratch further to increase under the situation reached the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor surface depressions, have the size that causes that picture quality reduces to stop scratch to rise at scratch.

Electrophotographic photosensitive element of the present invention have a plurality of depressed parts independent of each other on the electrophotographic photosensitive element surface and have separately more than the 0.1 μ m to the footpath Rpc of the major axis below the 10 μ m and more than the 0.1 μ m to short shaft diameter Lpc below the 10 μ m and the surface opening to the deepest part below the 10 μ m to extended distance Rdv more than the 0.1 μ m.Owing to have such depressed part, even under situation about having increased along the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor sense of rotation at the trickle scratch that produces on the electrophotographic photosensitive element surface, when this scratch has reached depressed part, stop this scratch to increase, therefore can stop this scratch further to increase at depressed part.

In addition, in electrophotographic photosensitive element of the present invention, wherein the surface with electrophotographic photosensitive element is divided into 4 zones along the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor sense of rotation, then along being divided into 25 zones with Electrifier frame, photoreceptor sense of rotation vertical direction, thereby obtain amounting to the regional A of 100-point, in each regional A, the square area B that every limit is 50 μ m is set, it is parallel to the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor sense of rotation on one side, and each area B is divided into 500 zones by 499 straight lines that are parallel to the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor sense of rotation, in 499 lines 400 more than the line to 499 depressed parts that pass below the line in each area B.The Electrifier frame, photoreceptor that satisfies this condition is such electrophotographic photosensitive element, at the whole Electrifier frame, photoreceptor surf zone of this electrophotographic photosensitive element, this depressed part is present in them can not rise in the scope with the size that causes that picture quality reduces scratch along the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor sense of rotation.Therefore, even produced trickle scratch and this scratch on the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor surface along under the situation of Electrifier frame, photoreceptor sense of rotation extension, depressed part also appears at the two ends of scratch and with them scratch is not existed along the interval that the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor sense of rotation rises in the scope with the size that causes that picture quality reduces along its Electrifier frame, photoreceptor sense of rotation, so this makes the still less deterioration owing to scratch increases of picture quality.

It is above to the footpath of the major axis below 10 μ m Rpc that depressed part of the present invention has 0.1 μ m separately, and they can be more than the preferred 0.5 μ m to 9.0 μ m.

It is above to the short shaft diameter Lpc below the 10 μ m that depressed part of the present invention has 0.1 μ m separately, and they can be more than the preferred 0.4 μ m to 9.0 μ m.

Depressed part of the present invention have separately the deepest part of each depressed part and the distance R dv between its opening (deepest part is to extended distance Rdv) be more than the 0.1 μ m to 10 μ m, it is can preferred 0.5 μ m above to 5.0 μ m.

Depressed part of the present invention can preferably have the ratio Rdv/Rpc of deepest part to extended distance Rdv and major axis footpath Rpc separately, is to the value below 10 more than 0.1.

Depressed part of the present invention also can be: in 499 straight lines 450 more than the line to 499 depressed parts that pass below the line in each area B.This is preferred, is suppressed at the effect that increases of the trickle scratch that causes on the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor surface with raising.

In the present invention, can use the laser microscope, optical microscope, electron microscope or the atomic force microscope that are obtained commercially to measure electrophotographic photosensitive element depression in the surface portion.

As laser microscope, for example can use following equipment: super dark profile measurement microscope (ultradepth profile measuring microscope) VK 8550, super depth profile measuring microscope VK 9000 and super depth profile measuring microscope VK 9500 (all making) by Keyence Corporation, the SURFACEEXPLORER SX-520DR of profile measurement system type instrument (profile measuring system surfaceEXPLORER SX-520DR model instrument) (making) by Ryoka Systems Inc., scanning confocal laser microscope OLS3000 (making) and euchroic confocal microscope (real color confocalmicroscope) OPTELICSC130 (making) by Lasertec Corporation by Olympus Corporation.

As optical microscope, for example can use following equipment: digit microscope (digital microscope) VHX 500 and digit microscope VHX 200 (all making) and 3D digit microscope VC-7700 (making) by Omron Corporation by Keyence Corporation.

As electron microscope, for example can use following equipment: 3D real surface image microscope (real surface view microscope) VE-9800 and 3D real surface image microscope VE-8800 (all making), scanning electron microscope Conventional/Variable Pressure System SEM (making) and scanning electron microscope SUPERSCAN SS-550 (making) by Shimadzu Corporation by SII NanoTechnology Inc by Keyence Corporation.

As atomic force microscope, for example can use following equipment: nanoscale hydridization microscope (nanoscale hybrid microscope) VN-8000 (making), scanning probe microscopy NanoNavi workstation (scanningprobe microscope NanoNavi Station) (making) and scanning probe microscopy (scanning probe microscope) SPM-9600 (making) by Shimadzu Corporation by SII Nano Technology Inc. by KeyenceCorporation.

Use above-mentioned microscope, can under the enlargement ratio of regulation, observe major axis footpath Rpc, short shaft diameter Lpc and deepest part to the distance R dv of opening to measure these.

In addition, for the depressed part below the about 1 μ m in major axis footpath, these can use laser microscope and observation by light microscope.Yet in the time should further improving measuring accuracy, expectation is used in combination electron microscope and observes and measure.

The surface of how to handle according to electrophotographic photosensitive element of the present invention is then described.Method as being used to form surface profile has no particular limits, as long as they are for satisfying the method about the above-mentioned requirements of depressed part.For providing example how to handle the electrophotographic photosensitive element surface, available is to have the following pulse width of 100ns (nanosecond) by use to handle the method on electrophotographic photosensitive element surface as the irradiation of the laser instrument of its output characteristics, come the method for treatment surface by the surperficial crimping that makes mould with regulation surface profile and electrophotographic photosensitive element to realize the surface profile transfer printing, and the method for the treatment surface by causing the surface that occurs in electrophotographic photosensitive element of condensing when the formation superficial layer.

At first describe and have the following pulse width of 100ns (nanosecond) by use and handle the method on the surface of electrophotographic photosensitive element as the irradiation of the laser instrument of its output characteristics.As the example of the laser instrument that is used for this method, it can comprise using gases for example ArF, KrF, XeF or XeCl as the excimer laser of laser medium with use the femto-second laser of titanium jewel as laser medium.In addition, the laser in above-mentioned laser radiation can preferably have wavelength 1, below the 000nm.

Excimer laser is for passing through the radiative laser instrument of following steps.At first, thus by discharge, electron beam or X-ray provide have high-octane rare gas for example Ar, Kr or Xe and halogen gas for example the mixed gas of F or Cl excite and in conjunction with above-mentioned element.After this, during the emission excimer laser, thereby this energy decreases to ground state causes disassociation.The gas that is used for excimers device laser can comprise ArF, KrF, XeCl and XeF, can use these gases arbitrarily.Especially, preferred KrF or ArF.

As the method that forms depressed part, use as shown in Figure 8 wherein laser shielding area 4 and laser are seen through the mask that suitably arrange in zone 5.Only will converge with lens through the laser of mask, and with this rayed of the surface of electrophotographic photosensitive element.Can form like this and have intended shape and depressions arranged portion.Handling in the said method on electrophotographic photosensitive element surface by laser radiation, thus can be immediately and carry out surface treatment a large amount of depressed part of formation in certain zone simultaneously, and do not relate to the shape or the zone of depressed part.Therefore, can carry out the surface-treated step at short notice.The irradiation of the laser instrument by using this mask, with the surface of electrophotographic photosensitive element whenever to carry out several mm in its zone of once irradiating ²To several cm ²Obtain handling.In this laser treatment, at first, as shown in Figure 9, electrophotographic photosensitive element 9 is rotated by work electric rotating machine 7.Along with its rotation, by the laser irradiating position that move axially excimer laser irradiator 6 of work mobile unit 8 along electrophotographic photosensitive element 9.This makes depressed part form with good efficiency at the whole surf zone of electrophotographic photosensitive element.

Handle the said method on electrophotographic photosensitive element surface by laser radiation and can produce the electrophotographic photosensitive element that its surface has a plurality of depressed parts, this depressed part have independently of one another and separately 0.1 μ m above to the footpath Rpc of the major axis below the 10 μ m and more than the 0.1 μ m to the short shaft diameter Lpc below the 10 μ m and more than the 0.1 μ m to the deepest part below the 10 μ m and the distance R dv of opening, wherein the surface with electrophotographic photosensitive element is divided into 4 zones along the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor sense of rotation, then along being divided into 25 zones with Electrifier frame, photoreceptor sense of rotation vertical direction, thereby obtain amounting to the regional A of 100-point, in each regional A, the square area B that every limit is 50 μ m is set, it is parallel to the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor sense of rotation on one side, and each area B is divided into 500 zones by 499 straight lines that are parallel to the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor sense of rotation, in 499 lines 400 more than the line to 499 depressed parts that pass below the line in each area B.

Under the situation on the surface of handling electrophotographic photosensitive element by laser radiation, for example be used for the time of laser radiation and the number of times of laser radiation by adjusting working condition, can control the distance of deepest part to opening.Angle from manufacturing accuracy or throughput rate, handling by laser radiation in the situation on electrophotographic photosensitive element surface, by carry out depressed part that once irradiating forms preferably the deepest part of each depressed part and the distance between its opening be more than the 0.1 μ m to 2.0 μ m, and more preferably more than the 0.3 μ m to 1.2 μ m.

The example of the depressed part that can form on the electrophotographic photosensitive element surface by said method is shown among Figure 10.In Figure 10, Reference numeral 11 is meant the zone that forms depressed part; Reference numeral 10 is meant the zone that does not form depressed part.Four-headed arrow is represented the peripheral direction of electrophotographic photosensitive element.Use is handled the method on electrophotographic photosensitive element surface by laser radiation can be for the high controllability of size, shape and the arrangement of depressed part, and high precision and high-freedom degree are realized the electrophotographic photosensitive element surface treatment.

The mould (profile provides material) and the method for electrophotographic photosensitive element surface crimping with the treatment surface of realization surface profile transfer printing that have given surface profile by making are then described.

Figure 11 can be used for mould of the present invention provides the crimping profile transfer surface processing unit of material as profile the synoptic diagram of example for illustrating to use.To be assemblied in the presser unit 12 that can repeat to pressurize to fixed mold 13, then mould be contacted to carry out the surface profile transfer printing with electrophotographic photosensitive element 14 down at setting pressure (as shown by arrows) with release.Then, at first relief pressure then pressurizes, to carry out the step of transfer surface profile once more so that this electrophotographic photosensitive element 14 moves along the rotation of the direction shown in the arrow.Repeat this step, can form the depressed part of regulation at whole electrophotographic photosensitive element outer surface.

Another selection, as shown in figure 12, mould 13 with the given surface profile of whole substantially outer surface that is used for Electrifier frame, photoreceptor 14 can be assemblied in presser unit device 12, thereafter, under setting pressure, contact, thereby during this period rotation of this Electrifier frame, photoreceptor and the whole outer surface that moves at this Electrifier frame, photoreceptor are formed given depressed part with Electrifier frame, photoreceptor 14.

As another kind of method, the sheet mould can be remained between roller shape presser unit and the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor, in feeding mould thin slice, to handle the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor surface.In order to realize surface profile transfer printing this purpose effectively, can heat above-mentioned mould and this Electrifier frame, photoreceptor.

In order to realize surface profile transfer printing this purpose effectively, can heating mould and this Electrifier frame, photoreceptor.This mould and Electrifier frame, photoreceptor can be heated under any temperature, as long as can form depressed part given among the present invention.They can preferably so heat so that when the surface profile transfer printing mould temperature (℃) can be higher than photographic layer on the supporting mass glass transition temperature (℃).In addition, except that this mould of heating, when the surface profile transfer printing can with the temperature of supporting mass (℃) be controlled to the glass transition temperature that is lower than photographic layer (℃).Form depressed part it is transferred to the electrophotographic photosensitive element surface in order to stablize, this is preferred.

When Electrifier frame, photoreceptor of the present invention is when having the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor of charge transport layer, can be preferably with mould and Electrifier frame, photoreceptor heating so that when the surface profile transfer printing mould temperature (℃) can be higher than charge transport layer on the supporting mass glass transition temperature (℃).In addition, except that this mould of heating, when the surface profile transfer printing can with the temperature of supporting mass (℃) be controlled to the glass transition temperature that is lower than charge transport layer (℃).Form depressed part it is transferred to the electrophotographic photosensitive element surface in order to stablize, this is preferred.

Material, size and the surface profile of selection mould that can be suitable itself.This material can comprise trickle surface-treated metal and silicon chip, and its surface has been used resist and fine grained dispersion resin film or had the resin molding patterning of the given fine surface profile that uses the metal coating.The example of the surface profile of this mould is shown in Figure 13 (the part enlarged drawing of its Electrifier frame, photoreceptor surface in contact) and Figure 14 (the part enlarged drawing of the xsect of its Electrifier frame, photoreceptor surface in contact).In these figure, Reference numeral 26 refers to the matrix of this mould; The cylinder of Reference numeral 27 finger print tools.

For offering Electrifier frame, photoreceptor pressure uniformity purpose, also elastic component can be arranged between mould and the presser unit.

The mould by will having given surface profile and the surperficial crimping of electrophotographic photosensitive element come the said method of treatment surface can produce electrophotographic photosensitive element to carry out the surface profile transfer printing, its surface have a plurality of depressed parts independent of each other and have separately 0.1 μ m above to the footpath Rpc of the major axis below the 10 μ m and more than the 0.1 μ m to short shaft diameter Lpc below the 10 μ m and the surface opening to the deepest part below the 10 μ m to the distance R dv of opening more than the 0.1 μ m, and wherein the surface with electrophotographic photosensitive element is divided into 4 zones along the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor sense of rotation, then along being divided into 25 zones with Electrifier frame, photoreceptor sense of rotation vertical direction, thereby obtain amounting to the regional A of 100-point, with in each regional A, the square area B that every limit is 50 μ m is set, it is parallel to the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor sense of rotation on one side, and each area B is divided into 500 zones by 499 straight lines that are parallel to the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor sense of rotation, in 499 lines 400 more than the line to 499 depressed parts that pass below the line in each area B.

Mould and the surperficial crimping of electrophotographic photosensitive element of use by will having given surface profile comes the use of the method for treatment surface can be with the high controllability for size, shape and the arrangement of depressed part to carry out the surface profile transfer printing, and high precision and high-freedom degree realize that electronics sensitization component surface handles.

Then describe when forming its superficial layer by appearing at the method for condensing treatment surface on electrophotographic photosensitive element surface.Appear at the electrophotographic photosensitive element surface when forming its superficial layer to come the method for treatment surface be a kind of method of producing electrophotographic photosensitive element by causing condensing, wherein preparation contains the superficial layer coating fluid of resin glue and specific aromatic organic solvent, the content of this aromatic organic solvent is that 50 quality % are above to 80 quality %, gross mass based on solvent in the superficial layer coating fluid, and the lip-deep superficial layer of established depressed part independent of each other produced by following steps: the application step of using coating fluid coating support member (member is as the bottom that will form superficial layer on it), keep to use the support member of coating fluid coating then and make the lip-deep support member that occurs in the support member of using the coating fluid coating of condensing keep step, the drying steps of the support member of surface condensation has appearred on it in heat drying thereafter.

Above-mentioned adhesive resin can comprise, for example, and acrylic resin, styrene resin, vibrin, polycarbonate resin, polyarylate resin, polysulfone resin, polyphenylene oxide resin, epoxy resin, urethane resin, alkyd resin and unsaturated polyester.Particularly, preferred plexiglass, styrene resin, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer resin, polycarbonate resin, polyarylate resin and diallyl phthalate ester resin.More preferably polycarbonate resin or polyarylate resin.Can be independent, or use arbitrarily these with the form of the potpourri of two or more types or multipolymer.

Above-mentioned specific aromatic organic solvent is for having low hydrophilic solvent.It can specifically comprise 1,2-dimethylbenzene, 1,3-dimethylbenzene, 1,4-dimethylbenzene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene and chlorobenzene.

It is important that above-mentioned superficial layer coating fluid contains aromatic organic solvent.For the purpose that stably forms depressed part, this superficial layer coating fluid can further contain organic solvent or the water that has for the water high affinity.As the organic solvent that high-hydrophilic is arranged for glassware for drinking water; preferably (methanesulfinyl) methane (is commonly called as: dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), thiophane-1; 1-diketone (thiolan-1; sulfolane), N 1-dione) (be commonly called as:; dinethylformamide (diemthylcarboxyamide), N, N-diethylformamide (diethylcarboxyamide), dimethyl acetamide or 1-methylpyrrolidin-2-ketone.Can contain arbitrarily these organic solvents separately or contain with the potpourri of two or more types or the form of multipolymer.

The above-mentioned support member maintenance step of condensing on the support member surface is illustrated in to condense and occurs in the support member certain hour that keeps being coated with the superficial layer coating fluid in the lip-deep atmosphere of support member.Condensing in this surface treatment method illustrates the effect by water, and drop forms on the support member that is coated with the superficial layer coating fluid.The condition of condensing on the support member surface is subjected to keeping the influence of the evaporation conditions (for example heat of evaporation) of the relative humidity of atmosphere of support member and coating fluid solvent.Yet the quantity that this superficial layer coating fluid contains aromatic organic solvent is more than the 50 quality %, based on the gross mass of solvent in the superficial layer coating fluid.Therefore, the condition of condensing on the support member surface seldom is subjected to the influence of the evaporation conditions of coating fluid solvent, and mainly depends on the relative humidity of atomsphere that will keep support member.Relative humidity when condensing on the support member surface can be 40% to 100%.Relative humidity can be more preferably more than 70%.Can give such support member keeps step for form the required time of drop by condensing.From the angle of throughput rate, this time can be preferred 1 second to 300 seconds, and can be further preferred about 10 seconds to 180 seconds.It is important that relative humidity keeps step for support member, and this atmosphere preferably has more than 20 ℃ to the temperature below 80 ℃.

Drying steps by above-mentioned support member of condensing on it can become the droplet-shaped that keeps step to produce from the teeth outwards by support member Electrifier frame, photoreceptor depression in the surface portion.In order to form the depressed part with high uniformity, for drying, drying is important rapidly, therefore carries out heat drying.Baking temperature at drying steps can be preferred 100 ℃ to 150 ℃.As being used to heat and time of the drying steps of dry support member of having condensed, can provide the time of the water droplet that is used for removing the solvent that is applied over the coating fluid on the support member and forms by congealing step.The time that is used for drying steps can be preferred 20 minutes to 120 minutes, and can be further preferred 40 minutes to 100 minutes.

The method of the above-mentioned treatment surface of condensing on the surface of electrophotographic photosensitive element when forming its superficial layer forms depressed part independent of each other on the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor surface.The method of the treatment surface of condensing on the surface at electrophotographic photosensitive element when forming its superficial layer is that solvent and the adhesive resin that a kind of use has for the low affinity of water forms the effect formation drop that passes through water, thereby forms the method for depressed part.The depressed part that forms on the electrophotographic photosensitive element surface of Sheng Chaning forms by the cohesiveness of water by this method, so they can have the depressed part shape of high uniformity separately.

This production method is that a kind of process is removed drop or removed the production method of the step of drop from the state that drop is fully grown.Therefore, for example electrophotographic photosensitive element depression in the surface portion is with droplet profile or the depressed part that forms with honeycomb shape (hexagonal shape).For example part circular or part ellipse of for example circular or the oval and depressed part outward appearance when observing the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor xsect of depressed part outward appearance when the depressed part of droplet profile refers to observe the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor surface.The depressed part of honeycomb shape (hexagonal shape) is, for example, and the depressed part that forms as the result of drop closestpacking on the electrophotographic photosensitive element surface.For example part circular or part were oval for for example circular, hexagon of depressed part outward appearance or the depressed part outward appearance when having the hexagon of fillet and observing the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor xsect when concretely, they referred to observe the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor surface.

Therefore, when forming superficial layer, method by the treatment surface of condensing on the surface of electrophotographic photosensitive element can be produced electrophotographic photosensitive element, wherein its surface has a plurality of depressed parts independent of each other and has surface opening separately, this surface opening have 0.1 μ m above to the footpath Rpc of the major axis below the 10 μ m and more than the 0.1 μ m to short shaft diameter Lpc below the 10 μ m and the distance R dv to the deepest part below the 10 μ m to opening more than the 0.1 μ m, wherein the surface with electrophotographic photosensitive element is divided into 4 zones along the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor sense of rotation, then along being divided into 25 zones with Electrifier frame, photoreceptor sense of rotation vertical direction, thereby obtain amounting to the regional A of 100-point, with in each regional A, the square area B that every limit is 50 μ m is set, it is parallel to the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor sense of rotation on one side, and each area B is divided into 500 zones by 499 straight lines that are parallel to the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor sense of rotation, in 499 lines 400 more than the line to 499 depressed parts that pass below the line in each area B.

Can control above-mentioned depressed part in the scope shown in the aforementioned production method by working condition is adjusted at.By the solvent species in for example superficial layer coating fluid of selecting record in the present invention, solvent, support member keeps the relative humidity in the step, keeps the hold-up time in the step, and heating and dry temperature, and depressed part is controlled.

Next formation according to electrophotographic photosensitive element of the present invention is described.

Electrophotographic photosensitive element of the present invention has aforesaid supporting mass and the organic photosensitive layer (following also abbreviate as " photographic layer ") that is arranged on this supporting mass.Usually can be according to electrophotographic photosensitive element of the present invention photographic layer is formed at widely used cylindrical shape electrophotographic Electrifier frame, photoreceptor on the cylindrical bearing body, also can be electrophotographic Electrifier frame, photoreceptor with band shape or sheet.

The photographic layer of electrophotographic photosensitive element can be to comprise the single-layer type photographic layer of charge transport material and charge generating material and be split up into charge generation layer that comprises charge generating material and multi-layered type (function divergence type) photographic layer that comprises the charge transport layer of charge transport material in one deck.From the performance of electrofax, preferably has the electronics Electrifier frame, photoreceptor of multi-layered type photographic layer according to electrophotographic photosensitive element of the present invention.The multi-layered type photographic layer can also be conventional laminar photographic layer and reverse laminar photographic layer, in conventional laminar photographic layer, charge generation layer and charge transport layer are stacked successively from the supporting side, and in reverse laminar photographic layer, charge transport layer and charge generation layer are overlapping successively from this supporting side.In electrophotographic photosensitive element according to the present invention, under the situation of using the multi-layered type photographic layer, from the performance of electrofax, preferred conventional laminar photographic layer.This charge generation layer can form with sandwich construction, and charge transport layer also can be formed by sandwich construction.For for example improving the purpose of runnability, protective seam can be set further on this photographic layer.

As the supporting mass of electrophotographic photosensitive element, preferably has the supporting mass (electric conductivity supporting mass) of electric conductivity.For example, can use the supporting mass of metal such as aluminium, aluminium alloy or stainless steel.In the situation of aluminum or aluminum alloy, can use ED pipe, EI pipe and by these pipes are cut, electrolysis composite polishing (using i) has the electrode of electrolytic action and ii) electrolytic solution carry out electrolysis, the grinding stone that use has polishing action polishes) or wet method or dry grinding obtain those.The supporting mass that also can use above-mentioned metal to make, or resin (for example polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, phenolics, polypropylene or polystyrene resin) is made and is had a supporting mass that forms the layer of film by vacuum deposited aluminum, aluminium alloy or indium oxide-tin oxide alloy.Can also use the supporting mass that forms by resin that is impregnated with conductive particle such as carbon black, granules of stannic oxide, titan oxide particles or silver-colored particle or paper and contain the supporting mass that is made of plastics of conductive adhesive resin.

For the purpose of the interference fringe that suppresses to cause, this supporting mass surface can be cut, surface roughening or aluminium anodeization by laser light scattering.

Wherein the surface of supporting mass is the layer that is provided with in order to give electric conductivity, and this layer has specific insulation 1 * 10 ¹⁰Below the Ω cm, particularly more preferably 1 * 10 ⁶Below the Ω cm.

The conductive layer that can suppress the interference fringe that is caused by laser light scattering with being intended to or be intended to cover the supporting mass surface scratches is arranged between supporting mass and middle layer described below or the photographic layer (charge generation layer or charge transport layer).This is to use by electroconductive powder being dispersed in the layer of the coating fluid coating supporting mass formation for preparing in the suitable adhesive resin.Such electroconductive powder can comprise following: carbon black, acetylene black; The metal powder of aluminium, nickel, iron, nickel-chrome, copper, zinc and silver for example; With metal oxide powder such as conductive tin oxide and ITO.

The adhesive resin of Shi Yonging can comprise following thermoplastic resin simultaneously, thermoset resin or light-cured resin: polystyrene, the styrene-acrylonitrile co-polymer, Styrene-Butadiene, styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer, polyester, Polyvinylchloride, vinyl chloride vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinylidene chloride, polyarylate resin, phenoxy resin, polycarbonate, the cellulose ethanoate resin, ethyl cellulose resin, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl formal, polymethylstyrene, the poly-N-vinyl carbazole, acrylic resin, silicones, epoxy resin, melamine resin, urethane resin, phenolics and alkyd resin.

By above-mentioned electroconductive powder and adhesive resin are dispersed or dissolved in ether solvent for example tetrahydrofuran or glycol dimethyl ether, the coating fluid that alcohols solvent such as methyl alcohol, ketones solvent for example prepare in MEK or aromatic solvent such as the toluene is coated with and forms conductive layer.It is above to 40 μ m that conductive layer can preferably have average layer thickness 0.2 μ m, and more preferably 1 μ m is above to 35 μ m, and also more preferably 5 μ m are above to 30 μ m.

Have conductive pigment or resistance are controlled pigment dispersing shows its surface beginning roughening in conductive layer wherein trend.

Also the middle layer with restraining barrier function and adhesive function can be arranged between supporting mass or conductive layer and the photographic layer (charge generation layer or charge transport layer).The purpose that forms this middle layer is, for example, improves adhesiveness, the raising coating performance of photographic layer and increases the electric charge that injects from supporting mass, and suppress any electric breakdown of photographic layer.

The middle layer can form in the following manner: also solidify this resin thereafter to form resin bed by the coating curable resin; Or by on conductive layer, being coated with the middle layer coating fluid that contains adhesive resin and the wet coating of dry formation.

The middle layer can comprise following with adhesive resin: water soluble resin is polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl methyl ether, polyacrylic acid, methylcellulose, ethyl cellulose, polyglutamic acid and casein for example; With polyamide, polyimide resin, polyamide-imide resin, polyamic acid resin, melamine resin, epoxy resin, urethane resin and polyglutamic acid esters resin.In order to manifest power block layer performance effectively, and from the angle of coating character, cohesive, solvent resistance and resistance, but the middle layer is with the adhesive resin preferred thermoplastic resin.Concretely, preferred thermoplastic polyamide.As polyamide, low-crystalline or amorphism multipolymer nylon are preferred, and this is because it can be coated with solution state.It is above to 7 μ m that this middle layer can preferably have average layer thickness 0.05 μ m, and more preferably 0.1 μ m is above to 2 μ m.

In the middle layer, the semiconduction particle dispersion maybe can be introduced electron transport materials (electronics is accepted for example acceptor (acceptor) of material), so that electric charge (charge carrier) stream can not be trapped in the middle layer.

Photographic layer of the present invention is then described.

The charge generation layer that is used for electrophotographic photosensitive element of the present invention can comprise following: AZO pigments such as monoazo, diazonium and trisazo-, phthalocyanine color is metal phthalocyanine and metal-free phthalocyanine for example, indigo class pigment such as indigo and thioindigo perylene dye such as perylene acid anhydrides are with perylene acid acid imide, many ring quinone pigments such as anthraquinone and pyrene quinone, the squarilium dyestuff, pyralium salt and thiapyran salt (thiapyrylium salts), kiton colors, inorganic material such as selenium, selenium-tellurium and unformed silicon, quinacridone pigments, Azulene pigment salt, cyanine dye, xanthene dye, quinoneimine dye and styryl dye.Any of these charge generating materials can use separately or be used in combination.Wherein, special preferable alloy phthalocyanine is TiOPc, hydroxy gallium phthalocyanine and chloro gallium phthalocyanine (chlorogallium phthalocyanine) for example, and this is because it has high sensitivity.

At photographic layer is under the situation of multi-layered type photographic layer, and the adhesive resin that is used to form charge generation layer can comprise following: polycarbonate resin, vibrin, polyarylate resin, butyral resin, polystyrene resin, polyvinyl acetal resin, diallyl phthalate resin, acrylic resin, methacrylic resin, vinyl acetate resin, phenolics, silicones, polysulfone resin, Styrene-Butadiene resin, alkyd resin, epoxy resin, carbamide resin and vinyl chloride vinyl acetate copolymer resin.Preferred especially butyral resin.Any of these can use separately or use with the form of two or more potpourris or multipolymer.

Can be by coating by charge generating material is formed charge generation layer with charge generation layer coating fluid and dry this wet coating that forms that adhesive resin and solvent disperse to obtain.Charge generation layer also can be the vacuum deposited film of charge generating material.As the method that is used to disperse, it is effective using the method for homogenizer, ultrasound wave, bowl mill, sand mill, attitor or roller mill.Charge generation layer and adhesive resin can the ratio of preferable range in 10: 1 to 1: 10 (mass ratio), particularly more preferably 3: 1 to 1: 1 (mass ratio).

Consider the adhesive resin that will use and the dissolubility or the dispersion stabilization of charge generating material, can select to be used for the solvent of charge generation layer coating fluid.As organic solvent, can comprise alcohols solvent, sulfoxide kind solvent, ketones solvent, ether solvent, esters solvent and aromatic solvent.

Preferably below the average layer thickness 5 μ m, particularly more preferably 0.1 μ m is above to 2 μ m for charge generation layer.

Also can be with the optional charge generation layer that joins of dissimilar sensitizers, antioxidant, ultraviolet absorber and/or plastifier.Also electron transport materials (electronics is accepted material such as acceptor) can be introduced in the charge generation layer, so that electric charge (charge carrier) stream can not be trapped in the charge generation layer.

The charge transport material that is used for electrophotographic photosensitive element of the present invention can comprise, for example, triarylamine compound, hydrazone compound, compound of styryl, diphenyl ethene compounds, pyrazoline compounds, oxazole compound, thiazolium compounds and triaryl methane compounds.Can only use these charge transport materials any one or use two or more.

Can form charge transport layer by charge transport material and adhesive resin being dissolved in charge transport layer coating fluid and this wet coating that forms of drying of preparing in the solvent by coating.Equally, in the above-mentioned charge transport material, the charge transport material that self has film formation character can not use any adhesive resin and form film separately so that charge transport layer to be provided.

At photographic layer is under the situation of multi-layered type photographic layer, and the adhesive resin that is used to form charge transport layer can comprise following: acrylic resin, styrene resin, vibrin, polycarbonate resin, polyarylate resin, polysulfone resin, polyphenylene oxide resin, epoxy resin, urethane resin, alkyd resin and unsaturated polyester.Especially, preferred plexiglass, polystyrene resin, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer resin, polycarbonate resin, polyarylate resin and diallyl phthalate ester resin.Any in these can use separately or use with the form of two or more potpourris or multipolymer.

Can be dissolved in charge transport layer coating fluid and dry this wet coating that forms of obtaining in the solvent by charge transport material and adhesive resin by coating and form charge transport layer.But this charge transport material and the adhesive resin preferable range ratio in 2: 1 to 1: 2 (mass ratio).

The solvent that is used for the charge transport layer coating fluid can comprise following: ketones solvent such as acetone and MEK, esters solvent such as methyl acetate and ethyl acetate, ether solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, diox (dioxoran), dimethoxymethane and dimethoxy-ethane, aromatic solvent such as toluene, dimethylbenzene and chlorobenzene.Can use any of these solvent separately, or can use with the potpourri of two or more types or the form of multipolymer.In these solvents,, preferably use ether solvent or aromatic solvent from resin dissolves character angle.

Charge transport layer preferably average layer thickness is that 5 μ m are above to 50 μ m, and special, and more preferably 10 μ m are above to 35 μ m.

For example also antioxidant, ultraviolet absorber and/or plastifier can be chosen wantonly and join in the charge transport layer.

In order to improve runnability, under the situation of above-mentioned functions divergence type photographic layer, be important as the material design of the charge transport layer of superficial layer as one of desired character of electrophotographic photosensitive element of the present invention.For example, can utilize to use to have the method for high-intensity adhesive resin the method for the charge transport material of method that the ratio of feasible plastic charge transport material of demonstration and adhesive resin is suitable and use high molecular.In order more to manifest runnability, it is effective that superficial layer is made up of gel-type resin.

As the method that superficial layer is made up of such gel-type resin, for example charge transport layer can be made up of gel-type resin, or on charge transport layer, the gel-type resin layer can be used as second charge transport layer or protective seam forms.Desired character is film strength and charge delivery capability in the gel-type resin layer, and this layer is made up of charge transport material and polymerisable or crosslinkable monomer or oligomer usually.

As the method that superficial layer is made up of gel-type resin, any known cavity conveying compound or electron transport compound can be used as charge transport material.The material that is used for synthetic these compounds can comprise the chain polymerization section bar material with acryloxy group or styrene group.Also can comprise continuous polymerization section bar material with hydroxyl, alkoxysilyl or isocyanate group.Especially, from the angle of the electrofax performance of electrophotographic photosensitive element, universal property, material design and production stability, by the superficial layer that gel-type resin is formed, preferred compositions use cavity conveying compound and chain polymerization section bar material.In addition, special preferred electron photosensitive member is by having simultaneously by solidifying the sort of that superficial layer that the compound that has cavity conveying group and acryloxy group in the molecule forms forms.

As curing, can use any known method that utilizes heat, light or irradiation.

In the situation of charge transport layer, this cured layer preferably average layer thickness is that 5 μ m are above to 50 μ m, and more preferably 10 μ m are above to 35 μ m.In the situation of second charge transport layer or protective seam, preferably average layer thickness is that 0.1 μ m is above to 20 μ m, and also more preferably 1 μ m is above to 10 μ m.

Various adjuvants can be joined in each layer of electrophotographic photosensitive element of the present invention.This adjuvant can comprise the resin particle of anti-deterioration agent such as antioxidant and ultraviolet absorber and lubricant such as contain fluorine atoms.

As mentioned above, electrophotographic photosensitive element of the present invention has specific depressed part at least on the photographic layer surface of electrophotographic photosensitive element.Have the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor of high rigidity or its surface when having the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor of soft when being applied to its surface, depressed part of the present invention effectively plays a role.

Treatment in accordance with the present invention box and electronic photographing device are then described.Figure 15 is the synoptic diagram of example that is provided with the electronic photographing device structure of the handle box with electrophotographic photosensitive element of the present invention.

In Figure 15, Reference numeral 15 refers to the cylindrical shape electrophotographic photosensitive elements, and it is driven in rotation with given peripheral speed along the direction of arrow around axle 16.

By charging device (charging device such as charging roller) 17, uniform charging is to the given electromotive force of plus or minus with the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive element 15 that is driven in rotation.So charged electrophotographic photosensitive element is exposed to from the exposure light (becoming the exposure light of image) of the exposure device (not shown) emission that is used for slit exposure, laser beam flying exposure etc. 18 times then.In this manner, be formed at the surface of electrophotographic photosensitive element 15 continuously corresponding to the electrostatic latent image of expection image.

Contained toner develops in the developer that the electrostatic latent image that so is formed at these electrophotographic photosensitive element 15 surfaces is had with developing apparatus 19, to become toner image.Then, to form and remain on the toner image on electrophotographic photosensitive element 15 surfaces thus, by applying transfer bias continuously transfer printing from transfer device (as transfer roll) 20 to transfer materials (as paper) 25, this transfer materials with and the modes of electrophotographic photosensitive element 15 rotation synchronously be fed to part (contact region) between electrophotographic photosensitive element 15 and the transfer device 20 from transfer materials feed arrangement (not shown).

With the transfer materials 25 of transfer printing toner image from the surface isolation of electrophotographic photosensitive element 15 and import fixing device 22, thereby with toner image, then it is exported this equipment as Image forming material (printout or duplicate).

To remove residual developer (toner) after the transfer printing by cleaning device (as cleaning balde) 21 from the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive element 15 of its transfer printing toner image.Clean its surface thus.The surface of electrophotographic photosensitive element 15 is further carried out the electric charge elimination by emission from the pre-exposure light (not shown) of pre-exposure equipment (not shown), be recycled and reused for image thereafter and form.In addition, as shown in figure 15, charging device 17 is for to use for example contact charging device of charging roller, and pre-exposure is optional.

Equipment can be incorporated into container and constitutes as handle box by a plurality of parts are integrated, and these parts are selected from constitutive requirements such as above-mentioned electrophotographic photosensitive element 15, charging device 17, developing apparatus 19 and cleaning device 21.This handle box also can constitute like this, to such an extent as to removably can be installed on electronic photographing device such as duplicating machine or the laser beam printer main body.In equipment as shown in figure 15, electrophotographic photosensitive element 15 and charging device 17, developing apparatus 19 and cleaning device 21 integrated supportings are constituted handle box 23, and this handle box 23 removably can be installed on the electronic photographing device main body by guide piece 24 as the track that is arranged at the electronic photographing device main body.

Embodiment

Below describe the present invention in detail by concrete work embodiment.In the following example, " part " refers to " mass parts ".

Embodiment 1

-production electrophotographic photosensitive element-

With the diameter of confirming to have carried out the surface cutting is that 30mm and length are that the aluminium cylinder of 357mm is as supporting mass (cylindrical bearing body).

Then, potpourri composed of the following components is disperseed about 20 hours with preparation conductive layer coating fluid by bowl mill.

60 parts in the powder of forming by barium sulfate particle with tin oxide coating layer

(trade name: PASTRAN PC1; Available from Mitsui Mining﹠amp; S melting Co., Ltd.)

15 parts of titanium dioxide

(trade name: TITANIX JR; Available from Tayca Corporation)

43 parts in phenolics

(trade name: PLYOPHEN J-325; Available from Dainippon Ink﹠amp; Chemicals, Incorporated; Resin solid content: 60%)

0.015 part of silicone oil

(trade name: SH28PA; Available from Dow Corning Toray Silicone Co., Ltd.)

3.6 parts of silicon resin particles

(trade name: TOSPEARL 120; Available from Toshiba Silicone Co., Ltd.)

50 parts of 1-methoxyls-2-propyl alcohol

50 parts of methyl alcohol

The electric conductivity coating fluid of therefore preparation being applied over above-mentioned supporting mass by dip-coating, then being heating and curing 1 hour in being heated to 140 ℃ baking oven, is the conductive layer of 15 μ m thereby form the average layer thickness that has from 170mm place, supporting mass upper end.

Then, be applied on this conductive layer by dip-coating by the middle layer coating fluid that will in the mixed solvent of 400 parts of methyl alcohol and 200 parts of normal butyl alcohols, dissolve following component preparation, then be heated to 100 ℃ baking oven in heat drying 30 minutes, be the middle layer of 0.45 μ m thereby form the average layer thickness that has from 170mm place, supporting mass upper end.

10 parts of multipolymer nylon resins

(trade name: AMILAN CM8000; Available from Toray Industries, Inc.)

30 parts of N-methoxymethylation nylon 6 resins

(trade name: TORESIN EF-30T; Available from Teikoku Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.)

Then, will disperse about 4 hours, add 700 parts of ethyl acetate then with preparation charge generation layer coating fluid by the sand mill of following component by the beaded glass that uses the 1mm diameter.

20 parts of gallium hydroxide titanium cyanines

(in the CuK α characteristic X-ray diffraction at the Bragg angle (2 θ ± 0.2 °) is 7.5 °, 9.9 °, 16.3 °, 18.6 °, 25.1 ° and 28.3 ° gallium hydroxide titanium cyanines of locating to have strong peak)

Calixarenes (Carixarene) compound of following structural formula (1) expression: 0.2 part

10 parts of polyvinyl butyrals

(trade name: S LEC BX 1 is available from Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.)

600 parts of cyclohexanone

Above-mentioned charge generation layer coating fluid is applied on the middle layer by dip-coating, and then heat drying 15 minutes in being heated to 80 ℃ baking oven is the charge generation layer of 0.17 μ m thereby form the average layer thickness that has from 170mm place, supporting mass upper end.

Then, in the mixed solvent of 600 parts of chlorobenzenes and 200 parts of dimethoxym ethanes, dissolve following component with preparation charge transport layer coating fluid.This charge transport layer coating fluid is applied on the charge generation layer by dip-coating, then be heated to 100 ℃ baking oven in heat drying 30 minutes, be the charge transport layer of 15 μ m thereby form the average layer thickness that has from 170mm place, supporting mass upper end.

70 parts of the charge transport materials (hole mobile material) of following structural formula (2) expression

100 parts of the polycarbonate resins of forming by the repetitive of following structural formula (3) expression

(IUPILON Z; Available from Mitsubishi Engineering Plastics Corporation;

Viscosity average molecular weigh (Mv): 40,000)

Then, (trade name: GF300 available from ToagoseiChemical Industry Co., Ltd.) is dissolved in 20 part 1 with 0.5 part of contain fluorine atoms resin, 1,2,2,3,3,4 seven fluorine cyclopentane (trade name: ZEOROLA H, available from Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.) and in the mixed solvent of 20 parts of 1-propyl alcohol.

10 parts of tetrafluoroethylene resin powder of adding in the solution of the above-mentioned contain fluorine atoms resin of dissolving (trade name: LUBRON L-2, available from Daikin Industries, Ltd.).Thereafter, with the solution that added the tetrafluoroethylene resin powder by high pressure dispersion machine (trade name: MICROFLUIDIZER M 110EH, by Microfluidics Inc., USA makes) at 600kgf/cm ²Pressure is handled four times down, thereby realizes evenly disperseing.In addition, (trade name: PF-040 available from Advantec Toyo Kaisha, Ltd.) filters with the preparation dispersion with the Polyfron filtrator with the solution that carries out above-mentioned dispersion treatment.Thereafter, the charge transport material (hole mobile material) that 90 parts of following structural formulas (4) are represented:

70 part 1,1,2,2,3,3,4-seven fluorine cyclopentane and 70 parts of 1-propyl alcohol join in the above-mentioned dispersion liquid.(trade name: PF-020 available from Advantec ToyoKaisha, Ltd.) filters this dispersion to prepare the second charge transport layer coating fluid to use the Polyfron filtrator.

The second charge transport layer coating fluid is applied at first the charge transport layer that forms by coating, then in atmospheric atmosphere in remaining on 50 ℃ baking oven dry 10 minutes.The layer that form in nitrogen atmosphere and under the condition of accelerating potential 150kV and electron beam current 3.0mA with electronics radiation exposure 1.6 second simultaneously with 200rpm rotated this supporting mass thereafter.Subsequently, in nitrogen atmosphere, the temperature around the supporting mass was risen to 125 ℃ to carry out the curing reaction of contained material second charge transport layer that forms from 25 ℃ in 30 seconds., measure this electron ray absorbed dose herein, be measured as 15KGy.Record that oxygen concentration is below the 15ppm in the atmosphere of carrying out electron ray irradiation and being heating and curing the reaction.Then; the supporting mass of so handling is naturally cooled to 25 ℃ of temperature in air atmosphere; carried out heat treated 30 minutes in the baking oven that is heated to 100 ℃ of temperature then in air atmosphere, the average layer thickness that has from 170mm place, supporting mass upper end with formation is the protective seam of 5 μ m.Electron gain photosensitive member like this.

-by excimer laser form depressed part-

On the electrophotographic photosensitive element outmost surface layer that is obtained, by using KrF excimer laser (wavelength X: 248nm) form depressed part., use the mask of being made by quartz glass herein, this mask has wherein circular laser conveyor zones 5 with diameter 30 μ m with the spaced pattern of 10 μ m, as shown in figure 16.In Figure 16, Reference numeral 4 is represented the laser shielding area.The irradiation energy that is used for excimer laser is set to 0.9J/cm ³Irradiated area is 2mm for each irradiation ²As shown in Figure 9, changing laser irradiating position vertically to carry out rotation processing object between the light period.

The depressed part that-observation forms-

With laser microscope (VK-9500, make by KeyenceCorporation) under amplifying, observe the surface profile of the electrophotographic photosensitive element that obtains, form with as shown in figure 17 arrangement with the deepest part of the short shaft diameter Lpc of the major axis footpath Rpc, the 8.6 μ m that confirm to have 8.6 μ m and 0.9 μ m to the depressed part of extended distance Rdv.In Figure 17, the zone that the no depressed part of Reference numeral 10 representatives forms; Reference numeral 11 expressions form the depressed part zone.

The surface of electrophotographic photosensitive element is divided into 4 zones along the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor sense of rotation, then along being divided into 25 zones with Electrifier frame, photoreceptor sense of rotation vertical direction, thereby obtain amounting to the regional A of 100-point, with in each regional A, the square area B that each limit is 50 μ m is set, on one side it is parallel to the sense of rotation of Electrifier frame, photoreceptor.Wherein each area B is divided into 500 zones by 499 straight lines that are parallel to the sense of rotation of Electrifier frame, photoreceptor, whole 499 straight lines pass the depressed part among the All Ranges B that amounts to 100-point zone.

These the results are shown in the table 1.

The performance evaluation of-electrophotographic photosensitive element-

To be assemblied in electrophotographic copier GP40 (AC-DC charging system) with the electrophotographic photosensitive element of method production as mentioned above, and make by CANON INC., thereby estimate with following method.

Under the environment of 15 ℃ of atmospheric temperatures and relative humidity 10%, the condition of current potential is set so that electrophotographic photosensitive element has dark space current potential (Vd) and clear zone current potential (Vl) reaches respectively-700V and-150V, and the initial potential of adjustment electrophotographic photosensitive element.

Under these conditions, use A4-size paper to carry out 5,000 paper feeding running tests with two discontinuous modes (two-sheetintermittent mode).After the running test, under amplifying, observe the surface of Electrifier frame, photoreceptor with laser microscope (VK9500 is made by Keyence Corporation).With result's classification in the following manner.

A: per 100 μ m ²Observing the following length in 1 road is the above scratches of 50 μ m.

B: per 100 μ m ²Observe 2 roads above to the following length in 10 roads be scratch more than the 50 μ m.

C: per 100 μ m ²Observe 11 roads above to the following length in 50 roads be scratch more than the 50 μ m.

D: per 100 μ m ²Observing the above length in 51 roads is the above scratches of 50 μ m.

For Electrifier frame, photoreceptor, use A4-size paper to carry out 50,000 paper feeding running tests equally with two discontinuous modes (two-sheet intermittent mode) to produce under the condition identical with above-mentioned Electrifier frame, photoreceptor.To have that to print number percent be that 5% chart is as test figure herein.

50,000-duplicates half tone image as test pattern after opening paper feeding running test, thereby carries out picture appraisal according to following method.

A: on image, along not observing any spotted bad image corresponding to the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor sense of rotation.

B: on image, along slightly observing spotted bad image corresponding to the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor sense of rotation.

C: on image, along clearly observe a large amount of spotted bad images corresponding to the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor sense of rotation.

These the results are shown in the table 1.

Embodiment 2

-production electrophotographic photosensitive element-

Produce electrophotographic photosensitive element in the mode identical with embodiment 1.

-by excimer laser form depressed part-

Except being become circular laser conveyor zones by the mask of quartz glass manufacturing is diameter 9 μ m and with the 3 μ m mask at interval, with embodiment 1 in identical mode form depressed part.

The depressed part that-observation forms and the performance evaluation of electrophotographic photosensitive element-

Carry out surface profile measurement and performance evaluation in the mode identical with embodiment 1.The results are shown in the table 1.

Embodiment 3

-production electrophotographic photosensitive element-

Produce electrophotographic photosensitive element in the mode identical with embodiment 1.

-by excimer laser form depressed part-

Except the irradiation energy with excimer laser becomes 1.5J/cm ³Outside, with embodiment 2 in identical mode form depressed part.

The depressed part that-observation forms and the performance evaluation of electrophotographic photosensitive element-

Carry out surface profile measurement and performance evaluation in the mode identical with embodiment 1.The results are shown in the table 1.

Embodiment 4

-production electrophotographic photosensitive element-

Produce electrophotographic photosensitive element in the mode identical with embodiment 1.

-by excimer laser form depressed part-

Except being become circular laser conveyor zones by the mask of quartz glass manufacturing is diameter 6 μ m and with the 2 μ m mask at interval, with embodiment 1 in those identical modes form depressed part.

The depressed part that-observation forms and the performance evaluation of electrophotographic photosensitive element-

Carry out surface profile measurement and performance evaluation in the mode identical with embodiment 1.The results are shown in the table 1.

Embodiment 5

-production electrophotographic photosensitive element-

Produce electrophotographic photosensitive element in the mode identical with embodiment 1.

-by the transfer printing of mould crimping profile form depressed part-

In unit as shown in figure 12, the mould that will be used for the surface profile transfer printing faces toward the electrophotographic photosensitive element pressurization that is obtained, thereby realizes the surface profile transfer printing; This mould has the diameter R as 1.0 μ m of Figure 13 and cylindrical arrangement shown in Figure 14 _MHeight H with 3.0 μ m _MCylinder.Herein, electrophotographic photosensitive element and mould are carried out temperature control, so that have 110 ℃ temperature, and this photosensitive member is rotated in a circumferential direction and use the 5MPa exert pressure along it at the charge transport layer of pressures partially, thus the transfer printing of realization surface profile.

The depressed part that-observation forms and the performance evaluation of electrophotographic photosensitive element-

Carrying out surface profile measurement in the mode identical with embodiment 1 forms with as shown in figure 17 arrangement really to confirm depressed part.Among Figure 17, the non-depressed part of Reference numeral 10 representatives; The depressed part that Reference numeral 11 representatives form.The results are shown in the table 1 of surface profile measurement that carries out in the mode identical and performance evaluation with embodiment 1.

Embodiment 6

-production electrophotographic photosensitive element-

The mode identical with embodiment 1 produced electrophotographic photosensitive element.

-by the transfer printing of mould crimping profile form depressed part-

Execute mode identical in the example 5 and carry out the surface profile transfer printing.

The depressed part that-observation forms and the performance evaluation of electrophotographic photosensitive element-

With the surface profile measurement and the performance evaluation of carrying out with those identical modes of embodiment 1.The results are shown in the table 1.

Embodiment 7

-production electrophotographic photosensitive element-

Produce electrophotographic photosensitive element in the mode identical with embodiment 1.

-by the transfer printing of mould crimping profile form depressed part-

Except mould being become the cylinder height H _MBe outside the mould of 1.7 μ m, with embodiment 5 in identical mode carry out the surface profile transfer printing.

The depressed part that-observation forms and the performance evaluation of electrophotographic photosensitive element-

With with embodiment 1 in those identical modes carry out surface profile measurement and performance evaluation.The results are shown in the table 1.

Embodiment 8

-production electrophotographic photosensitive element-

Produce electrophotographic photosensitive element in the mode identical with embodiment 1.

-by the transfer printing of mould crimping profile form depressed part-

Except mould being become the cylinder height H _MBe outside the mould of 1.4 μ m, with embodiment 5 in identical mode carry out the surface profile transfer printing.

The depressed part that-observation forms and the performance evaluation of electrophotographic photosensitive element-

With with embodiment 1 in those identical modes carry out surface profile measurement and performance evaluation.The results are shown in the table 1.

Embodiment 9

-production electrophotographic photosensitive element-

Produce electrophotographic photosensitive element in the mode identical with embodiment 1.

-by the transfer printing of mould crimping profile form depressed part-

Except mould being become the cylinder height H _MBe outside the mould of 1.4 μ m, with reality

Except mould being become the cylinder height H _MBe outside the mould of 1.4 μ m, with embodiment 5 in identical mode carry out the surface profile transfer printing.

The depressed part that-observation forms and the performance evaluation of electrophotographic photosensitive element-

With with embodiment 1 in those identical modes carry out surface profile measurement and performance evaluation.The results are shown in the table 1.

Embodiment 10

-production electrophotographic photosensitive element-

Produce electrophotographic photosensitive element in the mode identical with embodiment 1.

-by the transfer printing of mould crimping profile form depressed part-

Except mould being become body diameter R _MBe outside the mould of 2.5 μ m, with embodiment 5 in identical mode carry out the surface profile transfer printing.

The depressed part that-observation forms and the performance evaluation of electrophotographic photosensitive element-

With with embodiment 1 in those identical modes carry out surface profile measurement and performance evaluation.The results are shown in the table 1.

Embodiment 11

-production electrophotographic photosensitive element-

Produce electrophotographic photosensitive element in the mode identical with embodiment 1.

-by the transfer printing of mould crimping profile form depressed part-

Except mould being become body diameter R _MBe 1.5 μ m and cylinder height H _MBe outside the mould of 2.0 μ m, with embodiment 5 in identical mode carry out the surface profile transfer printing.

The depressed part that-observation forms and the performance evaluation of electrophotographic photosensitive element-

With with embodiment 1 in those identical modes carry out surface profile measurement and performance evaluation.The results are shown in the table 1.

Embodiment 12

-production electrophotographic photosensitive element-

Produce electrophotographic photosensitive element in the mode identical with embodiment 1.

-by the transfer printing of mould crimping profile form depressed part-

Except mould being become the mould of cylindrical arrangement for as shown in figure 18 arrangement, with embodiment 5 in identical mode carry out the surface profile transfer printing.In Figure 18, Reference numeral 26 is represented the matrix of mould; Reference numeral 27 is represented the cylinder of mould.

The depressed part that-observation forms and the performance evaluation of electrophotographic photosensitive element-

With with embodiment 1 in identical mode surface measurements profile form with as shown in figure 19 spread pattern really to confirm depressed part.In Figure 19, the zone that the no depressed part of Reference numeral 10 representatives forms; Reference numeral 11 representatives form the depressed part zone.With with embodiment 1 in those identical modes carry out the results are shown in the table 1 of surface profile measurement and performance evaluation.

Embodiment 13

-production electrophotographic photosensitive element-

Produce electrophotographic photosensitive element in the mode identical with embodiment 1.

-by the transfer printing of mould crimping profile form depressed part-

Except mould being become the mould of cylindrical arrangement for as shown in figure 20 arrangement, with embodiment 5 in identical mode carry out the surface profile transfer printing.In Figure 20, Reference numeral 26 is represented the matrix of mould; Represent the cylinder of mould with Reference numeral 27.

The depressed part that-observation forms and the performance evaluation of electrophotographic photosensitive element-

With with embodiment 1 in identical mode surface measurements profile form with as shown in figure 21 arrangement really to confirm depressed part.In Figure 21, the zone that the no depressed part of Reference numeral 10 representatives forms; Reference numeral 11 representatives form the depressed part zone.With with embodiment 1 in those identical modes carry out the results are shown in the table 1 of surface profile measurement and performance evaluation.

Embodiment 14

-production electrophotographic photosensitive element-

The step that repeats embodiment 1 is to form conductive layer, middle layer and charge generation layer on supporting mass.

Then, with following components dissolved in the mixed solvent of 600 parts of chlorobenzenes and 200 parts of dimethoxym ethanes with preparation charge transport layer coating fluid.Use this charge transport layer coating fluid, by dip-coating wet charge transport layer is formed on the charge generation layer, then be heated to 110 ℃ baking oven in heat drying 30 minutes, be the charge transport layer of 15 μ m thereby form the average layer thickness that has from 170mm place, supporting mass upper end.

70 parts of the charge transport materials (hole mobile material) of above-mentioned formula (2) expression

100 parts of the copolymer type polyarylate resin of following structural formula (5) expression

In above-mentioned polyarylate resin, (the terephthalic acid (TPA) structure: the mol ratio m-phthalic acid structure) is 50: 50 for terephthalic acid (TPA) structure and m-phthalic acid structure.It is 130,000 that this resin has weight-average molecular weight (Mw).

In the present invention, measure the weight-average molecular weight of resin with following method by conventional method.

That is, the measurement target resin is put into tetrahydrofuran, and place several hrs., with concussion measurement target resin with tetrahydrofuran fully mixed (the coalescent material that mix until measurement target resin disappear), further place more than 12 hours it thereafter.

To by sample processing filters (sample treating filter) MAISHORIDISK H255 available from the gains of Tosoh Corporation, as GPC (gel permeation chromatography) use sample thereafter.

Then, chromatographic column is stable in 40 ℃ heating chamber.In the chromatographic column that remains on this temperature, flow into tetrahydrofuran as solvent with 1ml/ minute flow velocity, and the sample that is used for GPC of 10 μ l is flow into wherein weight-average molecular weight with the measurement target resin.As chromatographic column, use TSKgel SuperHM-M, available from TosohCorporation.

In the weight-average molecular weight process of measurement target resin, calculate the molecular weight distribution that the measurement target resin has from the logarithm of the calibration curve that uses the preparation of several monodisperse polystyrene standard samples and the relation between the counting.As the polystyrene standard sample that is used to prepare calibration curve, use available from Aldrich Chemical Co. 10 monodisperse polystyrene samples of Inc.: 3 with following molecular weight, 500,12,000,40,000,75,000,98,000,120,000,240,000,500,000,800,000 and 1,800,000.RI (refractive index) detecting device is used as detecting device.

Except mould being become the cylinder height H _MBe outside the mould of 4.5 μ m, with embodiment 5 in identical mode the electrophotographic photosensitive element with said method production is carried out surface treatment.

The depressed part that-observation forms and the performance evaluation of electrophotographic photosensitive element-

With with embodiment 1 in those identical modes carry out surface profile measurement and performance evaluation.The results are shown in the table 1.

Embodiment 15

-production electrophotographic photosensitive element-

Produce electrophotographic photosensitive element in the mode identical with embodiment 14.

-by the transfer printing of mould crimping profile form depressed part-

Except mould being become the cylinder height H _MBe outside the mould of 5.0 μ m, with embodiment 5 in identical mode carry out the surface profile transfer printing.

The depressed part that-observation forms and the performance evaluation of electrophotographic photosensitive element-

With with embodiment 1 in those identical modes carry out surface profile measurement and performance evaluation.The results are shown in the table 1.

Embodiment 16

-production electrophotographic photosensitive element-

The step that repeats embodiment 1 is to form conductive layer, middle layer, charge generation layer and charge transport layer on supporting mass.

-by the transfer printing of mould crimping profile form depressed part-

Except mould being become the cylinder height H _MBe outside the mould of 2.0 μ m, with embodiment 5 in identical mode carry out the surface profile transfer printing.

The depressed part that-observation forms and the performance evaluation of electrophotographic photosensitive element-

With with embodiment 1 in those identical modes carry out surface profile measurement and performance evaluation.The results are shown in the table 1.

Embodiment 17

-production electrophotographic photosensitive element-

Produce electrophotographic photosensitive element in the mode identical with embodiment 16.

-by the transfer printing of mould crimping profile form depressed part-

Except mould being become the cylinder height H _MBe outside the mould of 1.0 μ m, with embodiment 5 in identical mode carry out the surface profile transfer printing.

The depressed part that-observation forms and the performance evaluation of electrophotographic photosensitive element-

With with embodiment 1 in those identical modes carry out surface profile measurement and performance evaluation.The results are shown in the table 1.

Embodiment 18

-production electrophotographic photosensitive element-

Produce electrophotographic photosensitive element in the mode identical with embodiment 1.

-by the transfer printing of mould crimping profile form depressed part-

Except mould being become body diameter R _MBe 0.5 μ m and cylinder height H _MBe outside the mould of 2.0 μ m, with embodiment 5 in identical mode carry out the surface profile transfer printing.

The depressed part that-observation forms and the performance evaluation of electrophotographic photosensitive element-

With with embodiment 1 in those identical modes carry out surface profile measurement and performance evaluation.The results are shown in the table 1.

Embodiment 19

-produce electrophotographic photosensitive element and by the formation depressed part that condenses-

The step that repeats embodiment 1 is to form conductive layer, middle layer and charge generation layer on supporting mass.

Then, with 10 parts of charge transport materials with following structural formula (2) expression:

With 10 parts of polycarbonate resins of forming by the repetitives of following structural formula (3) expression:

(IUPILON Z400; Available from Mitsubishi Engineering PlasticsCorporation; Viscosity average molecular weigh (Mv): 40,000) be dissolved in the superficial layer coating fluid that contains charge transport material in 65 parts of chlorobenzenes and the 35 parts of dimethoxymethane mixed solvents with preparation.Under the condition of 25 ℃ of relative humidity 45% and atmospheric temperatures, be prepared the step of superficial layer coating fluid.

The superficial layer coating fluid of so preparation is applied on the charge generation layer by dip-coating, thereby uses this superficial layer coating fluid to be coated with the step of cylindrical shape support member.Under the condition of 25 ℃ of relative humidity 45% and atmospheric temperatures, use the step of this superficial layer coating fluid coating.

After application step is finished 60 seconds, will keep 120 seconds in the unit that the cylindrical shape support member keeps step being used for the cylindrical shape support member of superficial layer coating fluid coating, the inside of this unit is adjusted to 60 ℃ of relative humidity 70% and atmospheric temperatures in advance.

After the cylindrical shape support member keeps step to finish 60 seconds, the cylindrical shape support member is put into the instrument air dryer that it has been heated to 120 ℃, thereby carried out drying steps 60 minutes.Obtain electrophotographic photosensitive element thus.

The depressed part that-observation forms and the performance evaluation of electrophotographic photosensitive element-

With with embodiment 1 in those identical modes carry out surface profile measurement and performance evaluation.The results are shown in the table 1.

Embodiment 20

-produce electrophotographic photosensitive element and by the formation depressed part that condenses-

Except will the cylindrical shape support member keep relative humidity in the step become 70% and atmospheric temperature become 45 ℃, produce electrophotographic photosensitive element in the mode identical with embodiment 19.

The depressed part that-observation forms and the performance evaluation of electrophotographic photosensitive element-

With with embodiment 1 in those identical modes carry out surface profile measurement and performance evaluation.The results are shown in the table 1.

Embodiment 21

-produce electrophotographic photosensitive element and by the formation depressed part that condenses-

Except will keep that relative humidity in the step become 70% in the cylindrical shape support member, atmospheric temperature becomes 30 ℃ and keep the time of cylindrical shape support member to become 180 seconds, produces electrophotographic photosensitive element in the mode identical with embodiment 19.

The depressed part that-observation forms and the performance evaluation of electrophotographic photosensitive element-

With with embodiment 1 in those identical modes carry out surface profile measurement and performance evaluation.The results are shown in the table 1.

Embodiment 22

-produce electrophotographic photosensitive element and by the formation depressed part that condenses-

Become the polyarylate resin (weight-average molecular weight Mw:120,000) of constitutional repeating unit with following structural formula (5) expression except the adhesive resin in the superficial layer coating fluid:

Become outside the mixed solvent of 50 parts of chlorobenzenes, 10 parts of tetrahydrofurans and 40 parts of dimethoxymethane with the mixed solvent of 65 parts of chlorobenzenes and 35 parts of dimethoxymethane, produce electrophotographic photosensitive element in the mode identical with embodiment 19.

In above-mentioned polyarylate resin, (the terephthalic acid (TPA) structure: the mol ratio m-phthalic acid structure) is 50: 50 for terephthalic acid (TPA) structure and m-phthalic acid structure.

The depressed part that-observation forms and the performance evaluation of electrophotographic photosensitive element-

With with embodiment 1 in those identical modes carry out surface profile measurement and performance evaluation.The results are shown in the table 1.

Embodiment 23

-produce electrophotographic photosensitive element and by the formation depressed part that condenses-

Except will becoming 70% and in this unit, keep the time of the cylindrical shape support member that is coated with the superficial layer coating fluid to become 80 seconds being used for relative humidity that the cylindrical shape support member keeps the unit of step, produce electrophotographic photosensitive element in the mode identical with embodiment 19.

The depressed part that-observation forms and the performance evaluation of electrophotographic photosensitive element-

With with embodiment 1 in those identical modes carry out surface profile measurement and performance evaluation.The results are shown in the table 1.

Embodiment 24

-produce electrophotographic photosensitive element and by the formation depressed part that condenses-

Except will becoming 60 seconds, produce electrophotographic photosensitive element in the mode identical with embodiment 23 in the time that is used for the cylindrical shape support member that maintenance that the cylindrical shape support member keeps the unit of step is coated with the superficial layer coating fluid.

The depressed part that-observation forms and the performance evaluation of electrophotographic photosensitive element-

With with embodiment 1 in those identical modes carry out surface profile measurement and performance evaluation.The results are shown in the table 1.

Comparative example 1

-production electrophotographic photosensitive element-

Produce electrophotographic photosensitive element in the mode identical with embodiment 1.

-by the transfer printing of mould crimping profile form depressed part-

Except in unit as shown in figure 12, mould becomes arranges columniform mould (body diameter R in the drawings, as shown in figure 22 _MBe 1.0 μ m and cylinder interval D _MBe 1.0 μ m).In Figure 22, Reference numeral 26 is represented the matrix of mould; Reference numeral 27 is represented the cylinder of mould.

The depressed part that-observation forms and the performance evaluation of electrophotographic photosensitive element-

With with embodiment 1 in identical mode surface measurements profile form with as shown in figure 23 arrangement really to confirm depressed part.In Figure 23, the zone that the no depressed part of Reference numeral 10 representatives forms; Reference numeral 11 representatives form the depressed part zone.With with embodiment 1 in those identical modes carry out the results are shown in the table 1 of surface profile measurement and performance evaluation.

Comparative example 2

-production electrophotographic photosensitive element-

Produce electrophotographic photosensitive element in the mode identical with embodiment 1, and with the blasting treatment roughening of the surface of this electrophotographic photosensitive element beaded glass by average particulate diameter 35 μ m facing to the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor jet surface.

The observation on-electrophotographic photosensitive element surface and performance evaluation thereof-

With with embodiment 1 in those identical modes carry out surface profile measurement and performance evaluation.The results are shown in the table 1.

Comparative example 3

-production electrophotographic photosensitive element-

Produce electrophotographic photosensitive element in the mode identical, but do not handle the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor surface with embodiment 1.

The observation on-electrophotographic photosensitive element surface and performance evaluation thereof-

With with embodiment 1 in those identical modes carry out surface profile measurement and performance evaluation.The results are shown in the table 1.

The application requires the right of priority of Japanese patent application 2006-022900 that submits in the Japanese patent application 2006-022898 that submits in the Japanese patent application 2006-022896 that submitted on January 31st, 2006, on January 31st, 2006, the Japanese patent application 2006-022899 that on January 31st, 2006 submitted to, on January 31st, 2006 and the Japanese patent application 2007-016221 that submitted on January 26th, 2007, all introduces with for referencial use herein.

Claims (8)

1. electrophotographic photosensitive element, it comprises supporting mass and thereon photographic layer is set, wherein;

This electrophotographic photosensitive element has the surface that has a plurality of depressed parts independent of each other;

This depressed part has surface opening separately, this surface opening have 0.1 μ m above to the footpath of the major axis below 10 μ m Rpc, more than the 0.1 μ m to the short shaft diameter Lpc below the 10 μ m and more than the 0.1 μ m to the deepest part of each depressed part below the 10 μ m and the distance R dv between its opening; With

Wherein the surface with this electrophotographic photosensitive element is divided into 4 zones along the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor sense of rotation, then along being divided into 25 zones with this Electrifier frame, photoreceptor sense of rotation vertical direction, thereby obtain amounting to 100 regional A, in each regional A, the square area B that every limit is 50 μ m is set, it is parallel to this Electrifier frame, photoreceptor sense of rotation on one side, and each area B is divided into 500 zones by 499 straight lines that are parallel to the Electrifier frame, photoreceptor sense of rotation, in 499 lines 400 more than the line to 499 depressed parts that pass below the line in each area B.

2. electrophotographic photosensitive element according to claim 1, wherein this depressed part has the deepest part separately to the distance R dv of opening and the ratio of major axis footpath Rpc, and Rdv/Rpc is to the value below 10 more than 0.1.

3. electrophotographic photosensitive element according to claim 1, wherein the deepest part of this depressed part to the distance R dv of opening be more than the 0.5 μ m to 5.0 μ m.

4. electrophotographic photosensitive element according to claim 1, wherein the major axis of this depressed part footpath Rpc is that 0.5 μ m is above to 9.0 μ m.

5. electrophotographic photosensitive element according to claim 1, wherein the short shaft diameter Lpc of this depressed part is that 0.4 μ m is above to 9.0 μ m.

6. electrophotographic photosensitive element according to claim 1, wherein 450 in 499 vertical bar lines more than the line to 499 depressed parts that pass below the line in each area B.

7. handle box, it comprises electrophotographic photosensitive element according to claim 1, and is selected from least a device in the group of being made up of charging device, developing apparatus and cleaning device; This handle box removably can be installed on the main body of electronic photographing device.

8. electronic photographing device, it comprises electrophotographic photosensitive element according to claim 1, charging device, exposure device, developing apparatus and transfer device.

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