CN101379325A - 快速动作闸门 - Google Patents

快速动作闸门 Download PDF

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CN101379325A
CN101379325A CNA2007800042360A CN200780004236A CN101379325A CN 101379325 A CN101379325 A CN 101379325A CN A2007800042360 A CNA2007800042360 A CN A2007800042360A CN 200780004236 A CN200780004236 A CN 200780004236A CN 101379325 A CN101379325 A CN 101379325A
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CN101379325B (zh
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伊利梅尔·尤苏波维奇·哈桑诺夫
斯涅赞娜·维亚切斯拉沃夫纳·格卢霍夫采娃
尤里·阿尔谢维奇·切尔尼克
维塔里·伊万诺维奇·苏里科夫
乌尔法特·努尔雷加亚诺维奇·萨比洛夫
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16JPISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J13/00Covers or similar closure members for pressure vessels in general
    • F16J13/16Pivoted closures
    • F16J13/18Pivoted closures pivoted directly on the frame
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16JPISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J13/00Covers or similar closure members for pressure vessels in general
    • F16J13/16Pivoted closures
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D90/00Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
    • B65D90/10Manholes; Inspection openings; Covers therefor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16JPISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J13/00Covers or similar closure members for pressure vessels in general
    • F16J13/02Detachable closure members; Means for tightening closures
    • F16J13/08Detachable closure members; Means for tightening closures attached by one or more members actuated to project behind a part or parts of the frame
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16LPIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L55/00Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L55/10Means for stopping flow from or in pipes or hoses
    • F16L55/115Caps
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T292/00Closure fasteners
    • Y10T292/20Clamps
    • Y10T292/205Ring
    • Y10T292/212With expanding or contracting means
    • Y10T292/216Toggle lever

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pressure Vessels And Lids Thereof (AREA)
  • Sliding Valves (AREA)
  • Pipe Accessories (AREA)

Abstract

本发明可以在管道系统、任何装置、孔和配置中、用于可闭合管道的任何压力和工况下使用。本发明的目的是改善闸门的可用性。发明的闸门包括:盖,所述盖包括凸缘和底部,盖向管道内凹入;套筒,所述套筒装备有支承环,上述套筒焊接到底部上;若干制动件,所述制动件为扇形件的形式,上述制动件当它们沿着夹紧螺栓在凸缘上和通过驱动螺母的斜面的作用在支承环上径向上的位置时,插入管道的圆形凹槽中,制动件安排在凸缘和支承环的端面上。螺母具体为截头棱锥体的形式,所述截头棱锥体在其侧表面上具有T形槽。各扇形件装备有T形榫、控制标记、和锁紧板,上述T形榫能使扇形件沿着加强肋的端面运动,上述控制标记安装在扇形件上,上述锁紧板装备有杠杆,在安装于盖内部的可闭合管道内部存在过压时,上述锁紧板放下到各扇形件之间的间隙,并通过气压缸的作用锁紧它们。螺母可以具体为截头圆锥体形式。盖安装在关节式接合上;管道与盖一起通过外壳覆盖。

Description

快速动作闸门
技术领域
本发明涉及用于在高压和低压下工作的管道系统和设备的快速动作闸门(锁紧器)。
背景技术
已知一种闸门(锁紧器)—用于锁紧在压力下工作的容器盖的装置(俄罗斯专利2249135;IPC F 16 J 13/16;2003.8.18申请;2005.3.27出版,发明公报No.9),包括:盖,所述盖具有用于将其升起的机构,盖安装在主体上;快速分开的锥形凸缘式接合;闭合盖的机构,上述锥形凸缘式接合以主体的凸缘的形式制造,且盖具有锥形外表面;和分离装置,所述分离装置包括上述凸缘的端部,上述装置体现为一对夹子的形状,所述夹子具有相应的锥形钻穿孔。上述闭合盖的机构装备有两个液压缸,而上述升起盖的机构装备有液压千斤顶,使主体的凸缘和盖之间的垫片盘绕成金属构架的形状。
装置需要大量机构;安装一对移动式分开—聚集在一起的夹子,可以产生夹子均匀聚集在一起并固定,尤其是当盖凹陷、和垫片移位时,可能产生不密封的盖闭合和闸门操作的不可靠性。而且,装置没有包括保护元件来防止偶然的和未经允许的减压作用。
关于所申请的技术解决方案的最接近的现有技术在快速动作手动式闸门(Kantorovich Z.B.“化工设备”,“Mashinostroenie”出版社,莫斯科,1965,第255-257页)中说明,包括:驱动装置,所述驱动装置为螺钉对的形式,该螺钉对有一梯形螺纹衬套,所述衬套用外表面装配螺母,螺母为插座形式;密封元件;盖,包括凸缘和底部;下陷式管(图176);制动元件,所述制动元件具体成杠杆和固定臂的形状,所述形状为带夹紧螺栓的夹钳形式。上述杠杆的端部自由地放置在盖上。设备壳体的凸缘装备有可调节高度的夹钳,所述夹钳连接成当盖随着飞轮开始旋转而闭合时容纳夹紧杠杆的端部。在随后驱动飞轮的旋转过程中,杠杆的圆形端压在夹钳上,而同时盖通过密封件压紧管道。最后用夹紧螺栓将盖固定。
已知装置的缺点是它在高压下,尤其是在大直径闸门(杠杆与夹钳的悬臂接合)的情况下的不可使用性;操作的不方便(需要沿着壳体凸缘的外形调节螺钉夹钳的高度、用夹钳口对准插座耳的位置、用锁紧螺钉固定每个夹钳)。而且,装置设计成关闭轻的水平设置的盖,并因此没有包括转动铰接件和用于使盖相对于管道定心的装置。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是改善在高压和低压状况下具有任何直径的可闭合管道的可用性、方便性和操作安全性。
上述目的通过在快速动作闸门中实现,所述快速动作闸门包括:驱动装置,所述驱动装置为螺钉对的形式;密封元件;盖,所述盖包括凸缘和底部,上述底部向管道内凹进;制动元件和固定元件,上述制动元件为扇形件的形式制成,当它们在驱动螺母的作用下,沿着凸缘的端面和套筒的支承环,及沿着夹紧导向调节螺栓,于径向上移位穿过狭槽时,插入管道的圆形凹槽中,上述套筒的支承环焊接到盖的底部的内表面上,上述夹紧导向调节螺栓安装在凸缘套筒的支承环上,而上述狭槽在各扇形件上形成,驱动螺母体现为截头棱锥体的形式,所述截头棱锥体具有若干侧表面,各侧表面都设置有T形槽,上述侧表面与各扇形件的类似对接端的斜表面相对应,所述各扇形件都具有T形榫。当螺母朝相反方向运动时,各扇形件的T形榫通过螺母的T形槽的侧壁将所述扇形件从管道的圆形凹槽中拉动松开,因此形成一表面,所述表面具有一半径属于盖凸缘的外部半径范围之内。闸门盖安装在关节式接合上,具有调节它相对于安装座到管道中的位置;在这情况下,管道设置若干凹槽以便容纳盖的密封件、凸缘和扇形件,最后的凹槽形成有斜面,所述斜面与扇形件上侧上的斜接触面相对应。在各扇形件上,安装了控制标记,所述标记用作扇形件前进完成的指示器。在盖的内部,安装了锁紧板,所述锁紧板装备有杠杆,在可闭合的管道内部存在过大压力时,上述锁紧板下放到体现在各扇形件之间的间隙中,并通过气压缸的作用将它们锁紧。在与管道盖的铰接件轴向相反的这侧上,将一保护性壳体安装在关节式接合上;根据盖的直径,棱锥体的侧表面数总计为三个或多个;在这种情况下,所有摩擦表面都例如通过喷涂法用耐腐蚀抗划刻的涂层涂装和加强。可供选择地,驱动螺母可以具体为截头圆锥体的形式,所述截头圆锥体具有各扇形件的接触表面的相应凹槽,T形槽设置在各扇形件上,而T形榫设置在螺母上。
附图说明
在附图中:
图1是闸门具有打开外壳的一般前视图;
图2示出图1剖面A-A(闸门处于打开和关闭状态,同时没有外壳)。
具体实施方式
闸门包括:管道1(图1、2),所述管道1具有凹部2;若干扇形件3,所述扇形件3具有用于制导螺栓5的槽4;铰接件6,所述铰接件6具有调节紧固螺栓7和盖8(图2),盖8具有凸缘9;支承环10,所述支承环10具有套筒11、螺钉12、带T形槽14的螺母13、密封圈15和垫片16,管道1的凹槽17和18用于密封圈15和垫片16,用于凸缘9的凹槽19;锁紧板20(图1),所述锁紧板20具有杠杆21;液压缸活塞杆22;壳体23;飞轮24;控制标记25和T型榫26。
闸门操作如下。
在制造厂的条件下附接到管道1上并通过螺栓连接7调节之后,通过用手柄(附图中未示出)绕铰接件6旋转关闭闸门的转动盖,并用凸缘6插入管道1的凹槽19中,上述转动盖包括底部8、凸缘9和铰接件6。在这种情况下,密封圈15和垫片16用盖8的凸缘6压紧贴着管道1的凹槽19。然后,利用飞轮24,通过绕轴线旋转螺钉12使螺母13延伸。具有T形槽的螺母13的各侧向斜面推动各扇形件3的T形榫26的侧向接触面,并将它们插到管道的凹部2中,而同时将凸缘6压紧凹槽19,并夹紧上述密封圈和垫片。关闭闸门,这是通过使控制标记25碰到管道1的内部发生器进行控制。当在管道内部(设备、管道系统和闸门管道焊接于其上的其它物品)产生压力时,通过产品(气体、液体)的压力的作用将液压缸活塞杆22拉出,并驱动杠杆21,所述杠杆21将锁紧板20放下到各扇形件3之间的间隙中,因此固定各扇形件的位置(闭锁它们),这用目视控制。
在排放压力之后,所述排放压力由在扇形件3上方升起的锁紧板的位置控制,将扇形件3松开。利用同一飞轮,将螺钉朝相反方向转动,因此使螺母13向内移动。在这种情况下,各扇形件3的T形榫26拉动扇形件并使它们联锁,而同时通过绕铰接件旋转盖而脱开盖的凸缘并打开闸门。闸门涂装有坚固耐蚀材料,各部件具有增加的硬度和耐磨性,在没有润滑剂时很好起作用并且耐腐蚀。气密式密封的壳体保护闸门的各部件免受大气过程的影响并防止未经允许的人员的介入。
从上述理由显然可看出,本发明提供关闭的可靠性,并以便于维护为特色。
工业实用性
所提出的快速动作闸门可以用在管道系统、任何装置中,在任何压力和工况下、在将流动装置送到管道系统中的孔和室、过滤器—各种设计的污泥收集器、粉尘分离器、从压缩机和许多其它的气体和石油设备的入口和出口之前的检查孔中用作气体、气态冷凝液、石油等的管道系统的终端闸门。
闸门也可以作为待附接到各种管道上的物品制造和供应,其中包括例如代替现有的夹紧闸门或凸缘接合。
所提出的设计消除了夹紧闸门中先天的“担心”,消耗金属较少并可适用于不在高温工作下修理。
所提出的闸门的采用不需要为其制造作长时间准备和专用设备。

Claims (4)

1.一种快速动作的闸门,所述闸门包括为螺钉对形式的驱动装置;密封元件;由凸缘和底部组成的盖,所述底部凹入管道内部;制动元件和固定元件,其特征在于,制动元件制成若干扇形件的形式,当扇形件在驱动螺母的作用下,沿着凸缘的端面和套筒的支承环,及沿着夹紧导向调节螺栓在径向上位移时,扇形件插入管道的圆形凹部中,上述套筒的支承环焊接到盖的底部的内表面上,上述夹紧导向调节螺栓穿过在各扇形件上形成的狭槽安装在凸缘和套筒的支承环上,驱动螺母为截头棱锥体的形式,截头棱锥体各侧表面具有T形槽,所述T形槽与带T形榫的扇形件的邻近对接端的斜面相对应;当螺母朝相反方向移动时,各扇形件的T形榫通过T形槽的侧壁将它们从管道的圆形凹部中拉松开,因此形成一表面,所述表面具有半径属于盖凸缘的外部半径内;闸门盖安装在关节式接合上,具有相对于安装座调节它到管道中的位置的可能性;管道设置凹部以便容纳盖、凸缘和扇形件的密封件,其中最后的凹部制成斜面,所述斜面与扇形件上侧上的斜接触面相对应;控制标记安装在扇形件上;在盖的内部安装一锁紧板,所述锁紧板装备一杠杆,上述锁紧板放下到在各扇形件之间的间隙中,并且在可关闭的管道内部存在过大压力时,通过气压缸活塞杆的作用将各扇形件锁紧;保护壳体安装在与管道盖的铰接件直径方向相反的这侧上的关节式接合上。
2.如权利要求1所述的闸门,其特征在于,根据盖的直径,棱锥体的侧表面数总计为3个和多个;其中所有摩擦表面例如通过喷涂法用坚固的耐蚀材料涂敷。
3.如权利要求1所述的闸门,其特征在于,驱动螺母为截锥体形式。
4.如权利要求1所述的闸门,其特征在于,T形槽设置在扇形件上,而T形榫设置在驱动螺母上。
CN2007800042360A 2006-02-01 2007-01-19 快速动作闸门 Expired - Fee Related CN101379325B (zh)

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GB2452410A (en) 2009-03-04
US20100176127A1 (en) 2010-07-15
US7913717B2 (en) 2011-03-29
WO2007089171A1 (fr) 2007-08-09
GB0815721D0 (en) 2008-10-08
CN101379325B (zh) 2012-06-13
RU2295081C1 (ru) 2007-03-10

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