The technology of smelting magnesium by microwave heating Pidgeon process
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of processing method of production of magnesium by pidgeonprocess, especially microwave heating technique is applied to the processing method of Pidgeon process (also being silicothermic process) refining magnesium.
Background technology
Pidgeon process production MAGNESIUM METAL is to be that raw material, ferrosilicon are that reductive agent, fluorite are catalyzer with the calcined dolomite, carries out batching, proportionally mixes after the batching.Suppress balling-up behind the grinding, be called pelletizing.With pelletizing pack into the reduction jar in, be heated to 1200 ℃, inside is evacuated to 13.3Pa or higher, then produces magnesium vapor.Magnesium vapor forms crystallization magnesium in the condenser of reduction jar front end, also claim crude magnesium.Again through flux-refining, output commodity magnesium ingot, promptly smart magnesium.Production of magnesium by pidgeonprocess main chemical reactions formula is:
(1) rhombspar is calcined in rotary kiln, shaft furnace or sleeve kiln:
(2) reduction reaction in the reduction jar
Traditional technology is to the type of heating of reduction jar, be heating unit to be set in the outside of reduction jar, the heating of employing external heating, by thermal conduction add the thermal reduction jar with and interior pelletizing material, its deficiency is mainly reflected in following several aspect: 1, energy consumption is big, the heat energy utilization rate is low, approximately have only about 24%, normally directly adopt coal-fired or fire coal is converted into the heating that acts as a fuel behind the coal gas and use, 1 ton of MAGNESIUM METAL of every production approximately needs 10 tons of fat coals, calculate if press the coal power generation coal consumption of 2.5kwh/kg, being equivalent to power consumption is 25000kwh, has consumed a large amount of resources.2, the refining magnesium cycle long, needs 8~12 hours.3, owing to adopt indirect heating, inside vacuumizes, and now is easy to oxidizedly with heating resisting metal reduction jar, produces distortion etc., and work-ing life is short, the longest use 2 months.Need to change continually the reduction jar that burns out, increase cost, reduce work efficiency.4, in the smelting reducing operation, produced environmentally harmful effluent discharge such as a large amount of carbonic acid gas and flue dust, polluted environment.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the above-mentioned deficiency of prior art production of magnesium by pidgeonprocess technology, the technology of the smelting magnesium by microwave heating Pidgeon process of a kind of thermo-efficiency height, save energy, low, the no carbonic acid gas of smelting cost and soot emissions is provided.
Technical scheme of the present invention: the technology of smelting magnesium by microwave heating Pidgeon process comprises the steps:
1, dolomite calcination: rhombspar is heated to 1100~1200 ℃ in rotary kiln, shaft furnace or sleeve kiln, burns till and forge white (MgOCaO);
2, batching system ball: will forge white, ferrosilicon powder and fluorite powder batching, grinding, and be pressed into the pelletizing that meets processing requirement then;
3, pelletizing is placed in the airtight nonmetal reduction jar in the microwave oven, starting microwave oven heats pelletizing, Heating temperature reacts magnesium compound and ferrosilicon powder in the pelletizing between 1000 ℃~1200 ℃, and the MAGNESIUM METAL that reaction generates exists with the form of magnesium vapor;
4, the vacuum tightness that keeps airtight nonmetal reduction jar is to 13.3Pa or higher, and the time length is at 4~6 hours, and magnesium vapor becomes crude magnesium after the condensation being connected, being arranged in the condenser of microwave oven outside with airtight nonmetal reduction jar front end;
5, with the crude magnesium heat fused, under 680 ℃~750 ℃ temperature, after solvent refined, cast magnesium ingot, obtain smart magnesium.
The technology of smelting magnesium by microwave heating Pidgeon process of the present invention with respect to prior art, has following characteristics:
1, utilize the principle of microwave heating, in a single day heated object puts into microwave electric field, and polar molecule wherein and non-polar molecule just cause polarization, become even molecule.According to the direction of an electric field orientation, because this electric field belongs to alternating electric field, so dipole just causes rotation and vibrations along with electric field change, for example frequency is 2.45GHz, rotation and vibrations with per second 2,400,000,000 5 thousand ten thousand times, produced the effect that is similar to phase mutual friction between the molecule, thereby absorbed the energy of electric field and generate heat, made object itself become heating element.Do not need heat conducting process, therefore can reach even rapid heating at short notice, the heating efficiency height makes heating object can reach required temperature fast.Reduce the reduction reaction time, thereby shorten the whole refining magnesium cycle, can shorten to 4~6 hours from original 8~12 hours.
2, microwave has different effects to different substances, contains the polar material and absorbs microwave energy easily and generate heat.Therefore do not contain polarity and then seldom absorb microwave heating, heat with strong pointsly, the ineffectivity of other dielectric material heating is improved greatly.Heat utilization efficiency significantly improves, and makes reduction reaction finish fully fast, reduces production energy consumption.
3, be easy to control; Only to object heating itself, air heats hardly in body of heater, the furnace chamber, so thermal inertia is minimum when heating, and appliance computer control is suitable for the standard and the automatization control of heat-processed and heating process especially.
4, substituted original heat-resistance stainless steel reduction jar with nonmetal reduction jar, improve the work-ing life of reduction jar, reduced the consumption of reduction jar, saves production cost.
5, safe, environmentally friendly; Usually micro-wave energy is to work in metal closed heating He in the waveguide, so the leakage of energy is minimum, the microwave leakage amount is all in the safety standards scope that country formulates.Adopt microwave heating, do not produce environmentally harmful effluent discharge such as carbonic acid gas, cinder and flue dust, free from environmental pollution, environment protection is had outstanding effect.
Embodiment
The technology of smelting magnesium by microwave heating Pidgeon process of the present invention comprises the steps:
1, dolomite calcination: rhombspar is heated to 1100~1200 ℃ in rotary kiln, shaft furnace or sleeve kiln, burns till and forge white (MgOCaO);
2, batching system ball: will forge white, ferrosilicon powder and fluorite powder batching, grinding, and be pressed into the pelletizing that meets processing requirement then; The above-mentioned proportion scale of forging white, ferrosilicon powder and fluorite powder adopts the proportion scale of prior art;
3, pelletizing is placed in the airtight nonmetal reduction jar in the microwave oven, starting microwave oven heats pelletizing, Heating temperature reacts magnesium compound and ferrosilicon powder in the pelletizing between 1000 ℃~1200 ℃, and the MAGNESIUM METAL that reaction generates exists with the form of magnesium vapor; Available temperature is 1000 ℃, 1050 ℃, 1100 ℃, 1130 ℃, 1150 ℃, 1180 ℃, 1200 ℃ etc.
4, the vacuum tightness that keeps airtight nonmetal reduction jar is to 13.3Pa or higher, and the time length is at 4~6 hours, and magnesium vapor becomes crude magnesium after the condensation being connected, being arranged in the condenser of microwave oven outside with airtight nonmetal reduction jar front end; The available time period is 4 hours, 4.5 hours, 5 hours, 5.5 hours equal times;
5, with the crude magnesium heat fused, under 680 ℃~750 ℃ temperature, after solvent refined, cast magnesium ingot, obtain smart magnesium.Available temperature is 680 ℃, 700 ℃, 720 ℃, 740 ℃, 750 ℃ etc.
6, pickling: magnesium ingot with sulfuric acid or nitric acid clean surface, is removed the surface and is mingled with, make surface aesthetic.
7, other explanation: airtight reduction jar is a nonmetallic ceramics class container, and refractoriness is greater than 1350 ℃, and intensity can satisfy the following vacuum tightness service requirements of 13.3Pa, has good microwave penetration performance, suitable microwave heating technique requirement.The reduction jar adopts the flangeseal mode of connection with condenser, reaches the vacuum tightness service requirements.The microwave frequency range that microwave heating is used is: 915 megahertzes and 2450 megahertzes.