CN101374195B - Image-pickup apparatus - Google Patents
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- CN101374195B CN101374195B CN2008101349279A CN200810134927A CN101374195B CN 101374195 B CN101374195 B CN 101374195B CN 2008101349279 A CN2008101349279 A CN 2008101349279A CN 200810134927 A CN200810134927 A CN 200810134927A CN 101374195 B CN101374195 B CN 101374195B
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Abstract
The invention provides an image-pickup device configured to perform vertical-dark-shading correction with increased precision independently of photographing conditions and/or a photographing environment, including: an image-pickup element having an effective-pixel part including several pixel parts which are not shielded from light and a light-shielding-pixel part including several pixel parts shielded from light; a signal-processing unit configured to set the reference level of output signals transmitted from the effective-pixel part; and a control unit configured to switch between several areas which are used to set the reference level and provided in the light-shielding-pixel part based on the photographing conditions and/or environmental conditions.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of picture pick-up device that is used to take the subject image.
Background technology
Existed as many picture pick-up devices such as Electrofaxs, this Electrofax is used for by comprising that rest image that solid-state image pickups such as charge-coupled device (CCD), complementary metal oxide semiconductors (CMOS) (CMOS) transducer photograph and/or moving image write down and/or reproduce.
According to above-mentioned picture pick-up device, because all kinds power source voltage that is provided fluctuation, output signal often fluctuates, and the result of this fluctuation often is apparent on the output image.When following output signal occurring, level fluctuates on multirow, and wherein this output signal is subjected to the influence with the asymptotic voltages fluctuation that occurs than the interval of reading by imaging apparatus corresponding to the needed time segment length of the data of delegation.Therefore, vertical shading appears on output image.When the interval that voltage fluctuation occurs becomes more in short-term, occur vertical shading more continually, thereby horizontal stripe on image, occurs.
The pattern that causes occurring above-mentioned vertical shading owing to voltage fluctuation is always inconstant.That is to say that the shape of the vertical shading that occurs changes with each shooting on image.Therefore, be difficult to use pre-prepd correction data.
Therefore, as disclosed in TOHKEMY 2005-175930, need black (optical-black, OB) Qu Yu output valve be proofreaied and correct the vertical shading that shape changes with each shooting by using optics blocks in the imaging apparatus horizontal optical.
For example, there has been following method: in as image engine digital signal processing circuits such as (image engine), the mean value of the output signal of every row in calculated level OB zone, and from the output signal of the effective pixel area of this row, deduct the mean value that calculates.
In addition, there is following method: at the output signal of image unit, by using the horizontal OB clamper unit of analog signal processing circuit, come the output signal of the effective pixel area of row is shifted, thereby make the mean value of output signal in horizontal OB zone of every row become the dark fiducial value of this row.
Incidentally, as disclosed in TOHKEMY 2002-64196, the OB pixel in the horizontal OB of formation zone comprises following two types OB pixel.
The one OB pixel comprises as photo-electric conversion element such as photodiode and the layer that is used to export the signal that is generated by photo-electric conversion element.By using aluminium to wait optics to block the front of an OB pixel.
The 2nd OB pixel does not comprise photo-electric conversion element and/or comprises photo-electric conversion element, but do not comprise the layer that is used to export the signal that is generated by photo-electric conversion element.Be different from from the signal of OB pixel output, the signal of exporting from the 2nd OB pixel is not included in the dark current component that occurs the photo-electric conversion element.Therefore, can be by an OB pixel and the 2nd OB pixel be provided, and will compare the amount of the dark current in the environment of estimating to take from the signal of OB pixel output and signal from the output of the 2nd OB pixel.In addition, can not export the defective that causes by dark current, and can not export the noise component(s) that in each pixel, occurs from the 2nd OB pixel.Therefore, can be used in correction from the signal of the 2nd OB pixel output is not other noise component(s) that generates from pixel.
On the other hand, as the valid pixel portion that receives from the light of subject, the signal of exporting from an OB pixel comprises dark current.Therefore, need be from the signal of OB pixel output, thus carry out vertical dark shadow correction (vertical-dark-shadingcorrection), to absorb from the level fluctuation of the dark current component of the signal of valid pixel portion output.
Yet during the vertical dark shadow correction that carries out at the signal of exporting from an OB pixel by use, when very noisy occurring in any OB pixel, correction accuracy is significantly affected by noise.Therefore, under some shooting condition, be difficult to accurately carry out vertical dark shadow correction, and picture quality may deterioration.
For example, if long accumulated time is set, then also increase at included noise from the signal of pixel output for a spot of incident light.Therefore, the deviation from the signal of OB pixel output may become big.That is to say that the output signal deviation between the OB pixel may become big.In this case, also change line by line according to the correction data that signal generated from OB pixel output.As a result, if by using correction data to proofread and correct, the output image of then proofreading and correct the back acquisition may change line by line, and may occur horizontal stripe on image.
If under the environment that a lot of dark current occur, promptly under hot environment and/or in length, take during the time for exposure, the possibility that defect pixel occurs increases, and wherein, the dark current amount that defect pixel generated is than big by being positioned at the defect pixel dark current amount that pixel generated on every side.If there is defect pixel, then the mean value of the output signal of an OB pixel of the row at defect pixel place is influenced by defect pixel, and the corrected value of above line is obviously different with the corrected value of other row.Therefore, if by using correction data to carry out the dark shadow correction of level, then only carry out unsuitable correction with the corresponding row of an OB pixel to what comprise defect pixel.As a result, on the image that obtains after the correction horizontal line may appear.
Under any circumstance, if for every row is provided with an OB pixel of sufficient amount and increases the quantity of an OB pixel, then can be reduced to the deviation of the mean value of every capable OB pixel that is provided with, wherein an OB pixel is used for calculating the employed mean value of generation correction data.
Yet, arrange that the unnecessary increase of size in the zone of an OB pixel causes the increase of die size, thereby make cost increase.Therefore, the size in the horizontal OB zone of an OB pixel is arranged in restriction.
Therefore, if carry out known vertical dark shadow correction, then preferably correction data is carried out smoothing, to eliminate the influence of noise component(s).Yet, even the correction data after the smoothing does not influence progressive vertical dark shade is not proofreaied and correct, but the use of the correction data after the smoothing makes to be difficult to correctly proofread and correct as above-mentioned horizontal stripe etc. to have high-frequency vertical shading component.
Therefore, for irrespectively carrying out vertical dark shadow correction, still exist and improve the space with pinpoint accuracy with shooting condition and/or shooting environmental.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of permission improves the accuracy of dark shadow correction under the situation of the size that does not increase imaging apparatus picture pick-up device.
According to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of picture pick-up device comprises: imaging apparatus, and it comprises effective pixel portions and shading pixel portions, wherein said valid pixel portion is used to receive the optical imagery of subject and generates picture signal, and described shading pixel portions comprises by a plurality of pixel portions of shading; Signal processing unit is used to be provided with the reference level of the output signal that sends from described valid pixel portion; And control unit, be used for accumulated time based on described imaging apparatus, the ambient temperature of described imaging apparatus, and one of at least from the gain of the signal of described imaging apparatus output, coming being used in being arranged on described shading pixel portions to be provided with between at least two zones of described reference level switches, wherein, described shading pixel portions comprises the first shading pixel portions and the second shading pixel portions with different structure, and wherein, described control unit switches between the situation in the zone of using the described first shading pixel portions to be used to as the situation in the zone that is used for being provided with described reference level and each conduct of using described first shading pixel portions and the described second shading pixel portions to be provided with described reference level.
According to below with reference to accompanying drawing to detailed description of illustrative embodiments, further feature of the present invention and aspect will be apparent.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the block diagram that the example structure of picture pick-up device is shown.
Fig. 2 illustrates the example structure of the pixel region of imaging apparatus.
Fig. 3 is the block diagram that illustrates according to the example of the analog signal processing circuit of first embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is the block diagram that illustrates according to the example of the digital signal processing circuit of second embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 is the flow chart that the instantiation procedure of the vertical dark shadow correction that carries out according to first embodiment is shown.
Fig. 6 A is the example that how correction data is carried out smoothing according to second embodiment.
Fig. 6 B also is used for exemplary illustration and how correction data is carried out smoothing according to second embodiment.
Fig. 6 C is the example that how correction data is carried out smoothing according to second embodiment.
Fig. 6 D also is the example that how correction data is carried out smoothing according to second embodiment.
Fig. 7 is the flow chart that the instantiation procedure of the vertical dark shadow correction that carries out according to second embodiment is shown.
Embodiment
To describe various exemplary embodiment of the present invention, feature and aspect in detail below with reference to accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is the block diagram that the example structure of picture pick-up device is shown.
In Fig. 1, be provided with the optical system 101 that comprises lens and aperture, mechanical shutter 102, convert incident light to the imaging apparatus 103 of the signal of telecommunication, CDS circuit 105 carrying out the analog signal processing circuit 104 of analog and analog signal processing circuit 104, carry out correlated-double-sampling from the picture signal of imaging apparatus 103 outputs.
In addition, also be provided with: signal amplifier 106 is used at analog signal processing circuit 104 amplified analog signals; Clamp circuit 107 is used to carry out black (OB) clamper of optics; Analog/digital (A/D) transducer 108 is used at analog signal processing circuit 104 analog signal conversion being become digital signal; And timing signal generating circuit 110, be used to generate the signal that makes imaging apparatus 103 and analog signal processing circuit 104 operations.
In addition, be provided with: drive circuit 111 is used to drive optical system 101, mechanical shutter 102 and imaging apparatus 103; Digital signal processing circuit 112 is used to carry out by taking the necessary Digital Signal Processing of view data of acquisition; Video memory 113 is used to store the view data of having carried out signal processing; And recording medium 114, it can remove from picture pick-up device.
In addition, be provided with: writing circuit 115 is used for and will have carried out the Imagery Data Recording of signal processing to recording medium 114; Image display device 116 is used to show the view data of having carried out signal processing; Display circuit 117 is used to control with display image on image display device 116; And system control unit 118, be used to control whole picture pick-up device.Following each the operation of system control unit 118 control: timing signal generating circuit 110, drive circuit 111, digital signal processing circuit 112, video memory 113, writing circuit 115, display circuit 117, nonvolatile memory 119 and volatile memory 120.
Nonvolatile memory (ROM) 119 is used to store program with the control method of being undertaken by system control unit 118, be used to carry out the parameter of this program and as the correction datas such as data on the defective addresses (flaw address).Volatile memory 120 is to be used for coming as required the volatile memory (random-access memory (ram)) of store storage in program, control data and the correction data of nonvolatile memory 119.
Hereinafter, will the shooting operation of above-mentioned picture pick-up device be described.When connecting the power supply of picture pick-up device, system control unit 118 brings into operation, and transmits necessary programs, control data and correction data and/or necessary programs, control data and correction data are stored in the nonvolatile memory 120 to volatile memory 120 from nonvolatile memory 119.When system control unit 118 control picture pick-up devices, use said procedure and/or data.Then, appendage and/or additional data items are sent to volatile memory 120 from nonvolatile memory 119, and system control unit 118 reads and uses the data that are stored in the nonvolatile memory 119 as required.
When taking rest image, with the operation of the electronic shutter of imaging apparatus 103 driving device shutter 102 explicitly, thus the time for exposure of control imaging apparatus 103.In addition, when the taking moving image, mechanical shutter 102 is remained on open mode, make that imaging apparatus 103 always is exposed to light during video capture.
Then, digital signal processing circuit 112 generates owing to the signal to horizontal OB zone averages and handles the data about vertical dark shadow correction that produce, and by using this correction data to carry out the vertical shading treatment for correcting, wherein this signal is included in the data image signal.In addition, 112 pairs of data image signals of digital signal processing circuit comprise image processing such as color conversion, white balance processing, Gamma correction, conversion of resolution processing and image Compression etc.Video memory 113 is used for the data image signal that signal processing is carried out in interim storage, and the view data of data image signals such as signal processing etc. has been carried out in the storage conduct.
By display circuit 117 will by digital signal processing circuit 112 carried out view data that conversion of resolution handles convert to be suitable for image display device 116 signal (for example, and on image display device 116, show the analog signal that generates with NTSC (NTSC) form etc.).In another case, by writing circuit 115 will by digital signal processing circuit 112 carried out the view data of signal processing and/or be stored in view data in the video memory 113 be converted into the data that are suitable for recording medium 114 (as, file system data with hierarchy), and with it record on the recording medium 114.
When receiving from request that system control unit 118 sends, Digital Signal Processing handles 112 will be included in the data image signal that generates during the signal processing and/or the information of view data outputs to system control unit 118.For example, this information comprises the information of the spatial frequency about image, the mean value of appointed area and the data volume of compressed image etc., the information of perhaps extracting from them.In addition, when receiving from request that system control unit 118 sends, writing circuit 115 will output to system control unit 118 about the information of the type of recording medium 114, free space etc.
In addition, the reproduction operation that explanation is being carried out Imagery Data Recording to recording medium 114 time.Writing circuit 115 reads the view data from recording medium 114 based on the control signal that sends from system control unit 118.When this view data is data about compressed image, the same with previously described situation, digital signal processing circuit 112 carries out image and launches to handle based on the control signal that sends from system control unit 118, and with this image data storage in video memory 113.Carry out the conversion of resolution processing by the view data that 112 pairs of digital signal processing circuits are stored in the video memory 113, convert thereof into the signal that is suitable for image display device 116 by display circuit 117, and on image display device 116, show.
Fig. 2 illustrates the example structure of the pixel region of imaging apparatus 103.
In Fig. 2, be provided with the 202 and second horizontal OB portion (the second shading pixel portions) 203 of 201, the first horizontal OB portion (the first shading pixel portions) of vertical OB portion.The horizontal OB of first horizontal OB portion's 202 and second horizontal OB portion's 203 formation portion.In the horizontal OB portion of horizontal OB portion of vertical OB portion 201, first 202 and second 203 each comprises a plurality of pixels, wherein, by using aluminium etc. shading carried out in each the front in the pixel.In the horizontal OB portion of vertical OB portion 201 and first in above-mentioned 202 each includes an OB pixel that has as photo-electric conversion elements such as photodiodes.
On the other hand, the second horizontal OB portion 203 comprises that at least one does not comprise the pixel as photo-electric conversion elements such as photodiodes.Perhaps, even the 2nd OB pixel comprises photo-electric conversion element, the 2nd OB pixel does not comprise that the signal of telecommunication that is used for being generated by photo-electric conversion element is sent to the unit of the output unit of imaging apparatus yet.That is to say that the 2nd OB pixel comprises that at least one has the pixel that is used to prevent export the unit of the signal that is generated by photo-electric conversion element.Valid pixel portion 204 comprise at least one not by shading and receive about the data of subject image and generate the valid pixel of signal charge.First zoning 205 comprises the part and/or the whole first horizontal OB portion 202.Second zoning 206 comprises the part and/or the whole second horizontal OB portion 203.
First exemplary embodiment
Fig. 3 is the block diagram that illustrates according to the analog signal processing circuit 104 of first embodiment of the invention.
In first embodiment, carry out vertical dark shadow correction by the horizontal OB clamper function of using above-mentioned analog signal processing circuit 104.
In Fig. 3, identical with reference to figure 1 explanation of imaging apparatus 103, analog signal processing circuit 104, CDS circuit 105, signal amplifier 106, clamp circuit 107 and A/D converter 108.Between the input side of the outlet side of signal amplifier 106 and clamp circuit 107, insert capacitor 301.The clamp voltage generative circuit 302 that constitutes based on reponse system is connected to clamp circuit 107 with the outlet side of A/D converter 108.
To send to analog signal processing circuit 104 from the picture signal that imaging apparatus 103 sends.CDS circuit 105 sampling also keeps sending to the picture signal of analog signal processing circuit 104, and signal amplifier 106 is applied to picture signal with predetermined gain.Then, make from the picture signal of signal amplifier 106 outputs and pass through capacitor 301, thereby remove direct current (DC) component of picture signal.Then, this picture signal is sent to clamp circuit 107.Clamp circuit 107 carries out clamper based on controlling voltage as reference voltage from the clamper of clamp voltage generative circuit 302 outputs to the picture signal that sends to.
Analog picture signal after the clamper is sent to A/D converter 108, and convert thereof into data image signal.As signal from analog signal processing circuit 104 outputs, the output digital image signal, and send it to clamp voltage generative circuit 302.302 pairs of clamp voltage generative circuits are included in the output signal in the horizontal OB zone in the data image signal and carry out integration by every row and/or with predetermined space, and generate clamper control voltage, thereby it is constant to make that integrated value becomes.
Therefore, between clamp circuit 107, A/D converter 108 and clamp voltage generative circuit 302, generate closed circuit.Then, clamp voltage generative circuit 302 is arranged on the time constant (feedback oscillator) that the feedback time place uses, and carries out FEEDBACK CONTROL, makes to become constant from the OB level of the data image signal of analog signal processing circuit 104 outputs.
Fig. 5 is the flow chart that the instantiation procedure of the vertical dark shadow correction that carries out according to first embodiment is shown.When being provided with the rest image screening-mode, beginning and the corresponding processing of step S501.
In step S501, signal amplifier 106 is provided with gain, and carries out initial setting up, and this initial setting up comprises as shooting conditions such as f-number, time for exposure.
In step S502, system control unit 118 judges by the temperature of temperature detecting unit 121 detected imaging apparatuss 103 and/or the temperature that is arranged on the circuit around it whether equal and/or be higher than threshold value.If detected temperature equals and/or is higher than threshold value, then handle and enter step S510.Otherwise, handle entering step S503.
In step S503, judge whether the value that the accumulated time of the imaging apparatus 103 that unit 122 is provided with is set by the cumulative time equals and/or greater than threshold value.Set accumulated time value equals and/or greater than threshold value, make and grow exposure that then processing entering step S510 if be judged as.Otherwise, handle entering step S504.
In step S504, whether the value of judging the gain that is provided with by signal amplifier 106 is less than threshold value.If the value that is judged as set gain less than threshold value, is then handled and is entered step S510.The value of set gain equals and/or greater than threshold value, then processing enters step S505 if be judged as.
Therefore, when the ambient temperature of imaging apparatus 103 less than the value of the accumulated time of threshold value and imaging apparatus 103 during less than threshold value, be judged as and a small amount of dark current very likely in valid pixel portion 204, only occurs.In this case, processing enters step S505.Otherwise, be judged as the very likely a large amount of dark current of appearance in valid pixel portion 204.In this case, processing enters step S510.According to the foregoing description, one of any during when the value of judging greater than threshold value, handle entering step S510.Yet, can be not limited to realize the present invention under the situation of the foregoing description.That is to say that when at least two in the value of judging during greater than threshold value, processing can enter step S510.In addition, can give each value in these values, make when always counting, handle entering step S510 greater than threshold value with counting.
In step S505, system control unit 118 is defined as the zone of 302 references of clamp voltage generative circuit with in first zoning 205 and second zoning 206 each, thereby generates clamper control voltage.
If dark current seldom occurs, then at the level of first zoning 205 that comprises at least one OB pixel and comprise that the difference between the level of second zoning 206 of at least one the 2nd OB pixel is little, wherein, from the signal of OB pixel output, comprise dark current, from the signal of the 2nd OB pixel output, do not comprising dark current.Therefore, by every row and/or with predetermined space integration is carried out in first zoning 205 and both output signals of second zoning 206, and can generate clamper control voltage, thereby it is constant to make that integrated value becomes.As a result, the pixel count in the horizontal OB zone that is used to generate clamp voltage can be increased, and the deviation of the clamp voltage of every row can be reduced.
In step S506, the value of the feedback oscillator of system control unit 118 clamp voltage generative circuits 302 is set to than in the back with the high value of value of the feedback oscillator that is provided with among the step S511 of explanation.Thereby this is because estimate and dark current seldom occurs and make the defective that caused by dark current seldom occurs in horizontal OB zone, even and increase feedback oscillator to occur horizontal possibility in image also very little.
In addition, along with the gain that is provided with by signal amplifier 106 increases, the also increase thereupon of possibility of high-frequency vertical dark shade appears having.Therefore, if be judged as that yield value equals and/or, then handle and enter step S505 and S506, and be high value with feedback gain setting greater than threshold value.
In step S507, drive circuit 111 is controlled mechanical shutter 102 according to the instruction of sending from system control unit 118, and timing signal generating circuit 110 is taken by control imaging apparatus 103.Then, will send to analog signal processing circuit 104 by the analog picture signal that imaging apparatus 103 obtains.The clamp voltage generative circuit 302 of analog signal processing circuit 104 generates clamp voltage by using each the output signal in first zoning 205 and second zoning 206, and proofreaies and correct the dark shade component that vertically generates.Then, convert the picture signal of having carried out dark shadow correction to data image signal, and send it to digital signal processing circuit 112.
In step S508, the mean value of the output signal of first zoning 205 of digital signal processing circuit 112 calculating imaging apparatuss 103.
In step S509, to carrying out offset correction, make the mean value that in step S508, calculates become the fiducial value of black level, and processing enter step S513 from the picture signal unification of valid pixel portion output.
In step S513, data image signal after digital signal processing circuit 112 will be proofreaied and correct outputs to each in video memory 113, writing circuit 115 or the display circuit 117, and the data about the image that photographs are shown handles and/or recording processing.
On the other hand, in step S510, system control unit 118 only is defined as first zoning 205 zone of clamp voltage generative circuit 302 references, thereby generates clamper control voltage.
If dark current to a certain degree, then at the level of first zoning 205 that comprises an OB pixel and comprise that the difference between the level of second zoning 206 of the 2nd OB pixel increases, wherein, the output signal of the one OB pixel comprises dark current, and the output signal of the 2nd OB pixel does not comprise dark current.Therefore, as the first horizontal OB portion 202, carry out timing when the output signal to valid pixel portion 204 that dark current to a certain degree occurs, it is inappropriate using the output signal of the second horizontal OB portion 203 that does not comprise dark current.Therefore, clamp voltage generative circuit 302 should generate clamper control voltage by first zoning 205 of only using the first horizontal OB portion 202.
In step S511, system control unit 118 is the value lower than the value of the feedback oscillator that is provided with in step S506 with the feedback gain setting of clamp voltage generative circuit 302.Owing to estimate and dark current to a certain degree occurred, therefore carry out above-mentioned processing, make clamper control voltage be not easy to be subjected to the influence of the defect pixel that causes by dark current.
In step S512, drive circuit 111 is controlled mechanical shutter 102 according to the instruction of sending from system control unit 118, and timing signal generating circuit 110 is taken by control imaging apparatus 103.Then, will send to analog signal processing circuit 104 by the analog picture signal that imaging apparatus 103 obtains.The clamp voltage generative circuit 302 of analog signal processing circuit 104 only carries out integration to the output signal of first zoning 205 by every row and/or with predetermined space, it is constant that thereby generation clamper control voltage makes that integrated value becomes, and proofread and correct the dark shade component that vertically generates.Then, convert the picture signal of having carried out dark shadow correction to data image signal, and send it to digital signal processing circuit 112.Then, handle to enter above-mentioned steps S513, thereby the data about the image that photographs are shown handle and/or recording processing.
Therefore, according to first embodiment, analog signal processing circuit 104 is according to the temperature of imaging apparatus 103 and/or be arranged on temperature, the accumulated time of imaging apparatus 103 and the gain of signal amplifier 106 of the circuit around it, between the horizontal OB zone of institute's reference, switch, thereby obtain clamper control voltage.
Although picture pick-up device according to first embodiment has been described, can have realized the present invention with various forms, and be not limited to first embodiment referring to figs. 1 to Fig. 5.
For example, the value of setting of the feedback oscillator of clamp voltage generative circuit 302 can change according to the size in the zone of institute's reference, thereby generates clamper control voltage.Along with the size in the horizontal OB zone of institute's reference increases, the value of feedback oscillator can increase, thereby generates clamper control voltage.In addition, along with the size in horizontal OB zone reduces, the value of feedback oscillator can reduce.
In other cases, even for the size in the horizontal OB zone that generates the reference of clamper control voltage institute reduces, if gain that can putative signal amplifier 106 is low and the stable output signal in horizontal OB zone, then the value of feedback oscillator also can increase.
Second exemplary embodiment
Fig. 4 is the block diagram that is illustrated in the example of the digital signal processing circuit 112 that uses in the second embodiment of the present invention.
In a second embodiment, by using above-mentioned digital signal processing circuit 112 to carry out digital vertical shading correct operation and the operation of dark skew (dark offset) clamper.
In Fig. 4, digital signal processing circuit 112 comprises first digital signal processing unit 401, secretly is offset the clamp circuit 402 and second digital signal processing unit 403.
401 pairs of first digital signal processing units comprise the correction of various types of shadow corrections etc. from the picture signals of analog signal processing circuit 104 outputs.
402 pairs of picture signals from 401 outputs of first digital signal processing unit of dark skew clamp circuit are carried out offset correction, thereby proofread and correct black level.Dark skew clamp circuit 402 comprises the memory 404 and the switch 405 of the outlet side that is connected to first digital signal processing circuit 401 side by side.Dark skew clamp circuit 402 also comprises the averaging circuit 406 that is connected to first digital signal processing unit 401 by switch 405.In addition, secretly be offset clamp circuit 402 comprise be connected in memory 404 and the averaging circuit 406 each the subtracter 407 of outlet side and the adder 408 that is connected to the outlet side of subtracter 407.
403 pairs of picture signals from adder 408 outputs of dark skew clamp circuit 402 of second digital signal processing unit are carried out gamma processing, white balance processing etc.
At first, will send to first digital signal processing unit 401 from the data image signal of analog signal processing circuit 104 outputs.The data image signal that 401 pairs of first digital signal processing units are sent to it comprises various types of corrections such as horizontal shading is proofreaied and correct, vertical dark shadow correction.
Particularly, the following secretly shadow correction that carries out vertically.To send to first digital signal processing unit 401 with behavior unit from the data image signal of analog signal processing circuit 104 outputs.First digital signal processing unit 401 calculates the mean value of the output signal in the horizontal OB zone in the data image signal that is included in every row, and will be defined as being used to carry out the correction data that vertical shading is proofreaied and correct as required about the data of the mean value after the smoothing.
Then, from the picture signal that each valid pixel portion of going 204 sends, deduct and the corresponding correction data of each row.Finish vertical dark shadow correction by every row being carried out identical correction.
To further send to dark skew clamp circuit 402 from the picture signal of first digital signal processing unit, 401 outputs.402 pairs of picture signals of dark skew clamp circuit are carried out the offset correction of black level.At first, memory 404 storages are from the picture signal of the valid pixel portion 204 that first digital signal processing unit 401 sends.
When reading the output signal of first zoning 205, secretly be offset clamp circuit 402 and make switch 405 keep on-state, and above-mentioned output signal is sent to averaging circuit 406.Averaging circuit 406 calculates the mean value of the output signal of first zoning 205.To send to subtracter 407 about the data of the mean value that calculates, thereby from from the value of the picture signal of memory 404 outputs, deducting this data about the mean value that calculates.Then, the picture signal that has deducted the mean value of first zoning 205 is sent to adder 408, in this adder 408, add predetermined offset value.Therefore, determine the DC component of the picture signal of whole valid pixel portion 204 based on the mean value of the output signal of first zoning 205.
To send to second digital signal processing unit 403 from the picture signal of dark skew clamp circuit 402 outputs.403 pairs of picture signals of second digital signal processing unit comprise so-called development treatment such as gamma processing, white balance processing.
Here, replacing first digital signal processing unit, 401, the second digital processing elements 403 can carry out digital vertical shading proofreaies and correct.When second digital signal processing unit 403 carries out digital vertical shading timing, will be in the memory circuitry (not shown) of second digital signal processing unit 403 about the storage of the picture signal of the whole pixel region of imaging apparatus 103.Then, second digital signal processing unit 403 extracts the data about the picture signal that is included in the horizontal OB portion in the above-mentioned picture signal, calculates the upright projection data of the picture signal of being extracted, and the upright projection data that calculate are defined as correction data.
Fig. 7 is the flow chart that the instantiation procedure of the vertical dark shadow correction that carries out according to second embodiment is shown.When being provided with the rest image screening-mode, beginning and the corresponding processing of step S701.
In step S701, signal amplifier 106 is provided with gain, and carries out initial setting up, and this initial setting up comprises as shooting conditions such as f-number, time for exposure.
In step S702, drive circuit 111 is controlled mechanical shutter 102 based on the instruction of sending from system control unit 118, and timing signal generating circuit 110 is taken by control imaging apparatus 103.
In step S703, system control unit 118 judges by the temperature of temperature detecting unit 121 detected imaging apparatuss 103 and/or the temperature that is arranged on the circuit around it whether equal and/or be higher than threshold value.If the value of detected temperature equals and/or is higher than threshold value, then handle and enter step S710.If the value of detected temperature is lower than threshold value, then handles and enter step S704.
In step S704, judge whether the value that the accumulated time of the imaging apparatus 103 that unit 122 is provided with is set by accumulated time equals and/or greater than threshold value.If be judged as set accumulated time value greater than threshold value, make and grow exposure, then handle entering step S710.Otherwise, handle entering step S705.
In step S705, whether the value of judging the gain that is provided with by signal amplifier 106 is less than threshold value.If the value that is judged as set gain less than threshold value, is then handled and is entered step S710.The value of set gain equals and/or greater than threshold value, then processing enters step S706 if be judged as.
Therefore, when the value of the ambient temperature of imaging apparatus 103 and/or the value of ambient temperature that is arranged on the circuit around it less than the value of the accumulated time of threshold value and imaging apparatus 103 during less than threshold value, be judged as and a small amount of dark current very likely in valid pixel portion 204, only occurs.In this case, processing enters step S706.Otherwise, be judged as the very likely a large amount of dark current of appearance in valid pixel portion 204.In this case, processing enters step S710.According to the foregoing description,, handle entering step S710 when one of any during in the value of judging greater than threshold value.Yet, be not limited to can to realize the present invention under the situation of the foregoing description.That is to say that when at least two values in the value of judging during greater than threshold value, processing can enter step S710.In addition, can give each in these values, thereby make when always counting, handle entering step S710 greater than threshold value with counting.
At step S706, system control unit 118 is defined as the zone of 401 references of first digital signal processing unit with in first zoning 205 and second zoning 206 each, thus the mean value of the output signal in calculated level OB zone.First digital signal processing unit 401 calculates the mean value of the output signal of first zoning 205 in the data image signal that is included in every row and second zoning 206, and will be defined as correction data about the data of mean value.
If dark current seldom occurs, then can reduce the level of first zoning 205 that comprises at least one OB pixel and comprise poor between the level of second zoning 206 of at least one the 2nd OB pixel, wherein, from the signal of OB pixel output, comprise dark current, from the signal of the 2nd OB pixel output, do not comprising dark current.Therefore, by using the mean value of first zoning 205 and both output signals of second zoning 206, can generate correction data.As a result, the pixel count in the horizontal OB zone that is used to generate correction data can be increased, and the deviation in the correction data that generates at every row can be reduced.In addition, can also the correction data smoothing among the step S712 of explanation be proofreaied and correct and had high-frequency vertical shading by not carrying out the back.
In addition, the gain that is provided with along with signal amplifier 106 increases, and the also increase thereupon of possibility of high-frequency vertical dark shade occurs having.Therefore, if be judged as that yield value equals and/or, then handle and enter step S706, and generate correction data, and need not to carry out the back with the correction data smoothing among the step S712 of explanation greater than threshold value at step S705.
In step S707, first digital signal processing unit 401 deducts this correction data from the picture signal of exporting from effective pixel portions 204, and carries out vertical dark shadow correction.
In step S708, the averaging circuit 406 that secretly is offset clamp circuit 402 calculates the mean value of the output signal of first zoning 205.
In step S709, the subtracter 407 that secretly is offset clamp circuit 402 deducts the mean value that calculates in step S708 from picture signal, and adder 408 is with predetermined offset value and picture signal addition.The following describes the reason of in step S709, carrying out clamper.That is to say,, therefore should compensate dark current owing to the correction data that deducts from view data at step S706 comprises from second zoning, 205 output signals that send, that do not comprise dark current.
In step S715, second digital signal processing unit 403 generates view data by picture signal being carried out gamma processing, white balance processing etc., this view data is sent to video memory 113, writing circuit 115 or display circuit 117, and the data about the image that photographs are shown handle and/or recording processing.
On the other hand, in step S710, system control unit 118 only is defined as first zoning 205 zone of 401 references of first digital signal processing unit, thus the mean value of the digital signal in calculated level OB zone.First digital signal processing unit 401 calculates the mean value of the output signal of first zoning 205 in the data image signal that is included in every row, and will be defined as correction data about the data of mean value.
Dark current to a certain degree if possible appears, then comprise an OB pixel first zoning 205 level and comprise that the difference between the level of second zoning 206 of the 2nd OB pixel increases, wherein, the output signal of the one OB pixel comprises dark current, and the output signal of the 2nd OB pixel does not comprise dark current.Therefore, as the first horizontal OB portion 202, carry out timing when the output signal to valid pixel portion 204 that dark current to a certain degree occurs, it is inappropriate using the output signal of the second horizontal OB portion that does not comprise dark current.Therefore, first digital signal processing unit should generate correction data by first zoning 205 of only using the first horizontal OB portion 202.
In step S711, system control unit 118 judges when generating picture signal whether accumulated time needed, imaging apparatus 103 equals and/or greater than threshold value.If accumulated time equals and/or greater than threshold value, then processing enters step S712.Otherwise, handle entering step S714.
In step S712, first digital signal processing unit 401 makes this correction data smoothing by to averaging with the corresponding correction data of a plurality of row.When the accumulated time of imaging apparatus 103 was grown, appearance was increased by the possibility of the defect pixel that dark current causes.Therefore, make this correction data smoothing, thereby prevent the data of exaggerated correction only about row that defect pixel occurs by using with the corresponding correction data of a plurality of row.
Fig. 6 A, 6B, 6C and 6D are used for exemplary illustrating and how correction data are carried out smoothing.
Fig. 6 A schematically shows the structure of the pixel region of horizontal OB portion.In Fig. 6 A, for easy, the zoning only comprises the individual defect pixel, and the output of this defect pixel is greater than the output that is arranged on this defect pixel pixel on every side.In addition, each output signal in the output signal of other pixel does not comprise noise component(s), and the value unanimity of output signal.
Fig. 6 B illustrates the upright projection data that generated according to the horizontal OB portion shown in Fig. 6 A, and comprises the average output valve of the pixel of every row.As high-visible from Fig. 6 B, only with the value of the corresponding upright projection data of the row that comprises defect pixel greater than with the value of the corresponding upright projection data of other row.If the upright projection data of higher value are used for the vertical shading correction same as before, then the row that comprises defect pixel are suitable for the correction of the value bigger than the original value that is used to proofread and correct.As a result, occur and the corresponding horizontal line of the value littler in the image that after correction, obtains than original value.
Among Fig. 6 C and the 6D each illustrates the result that the upright projection data shown in Fig. 6 B are carried out smoothing.By to comprising the row that is used to proofread and correct and averaging, come the upright projection data shown in Fig. 6 C are carried out smoothing in the value of three row of two row of the capable both sides that is used to proofread and correct.In addition, by to comprising the row that is used to proofread and correct and averaging, come the upright projection data shown in Fig. 6 D are carried out smoothing in the value of five row of four row of the capable both sides that is used to proofread and correct.More specifically, two row of these four row are set, and other two row are set in another example of the row that is used to proofread and correct in a side of the row that is used for proofreading and correct.In each of Fig. 6 C and 6D, defect pixel becomes unimportant to the influence of upright projection data.In addition, along with the line number that is used for smoothing perpendicular projection data increases, the defect pixel influence becomes more unimportant.To carrying out above-mentioned smoothing with the corresponding correction data of every row.
Yet, if being used to carry out the line number of above-mentioned smoothing unnecessarily increases, then be difficult to proofread and correct as the horizontal stripe of tight generation etc. and have high-frequency vertical shading, this vertical shading is to occur than the little interval, interval between the line number that is used to carry out above-mentioned smoothing.
Therefore, can be by changing the degree of smoothing according to shooting environmental, as only increasing the line number that is used to carry out smoothing etc. when high-temperature time that occurs open defect easily and/or the long time for exposure, come to realize that with the efficient that improves vertical shading proofreaies and correct.
Refer back to Fig. 7 now, in step S713, first digital signal processing unit 401 multiply by pre-determined factor with the correction data after the equalization, thereby obtains new correction data.
In step S714, first digital signal processing unit 401 is by carrying out dark shadow correction from deduct the correction data that obtains in step S711 and/or step S713 from the picture signal of effectively pixel portions 204 outputs.Because the dark shadow correction that carries out in step S714 does not use the output signal that does not comprise dark current of second zoning 206, then can not carry out the offset correction that carries out in step S709.Therefore, in step S714, carry out after the dark shadow correction, handle entering step S715.
Therefore, according to second embodiment, first digital signal processing unit 401 is according to the temperature of imaging apparatus 103 and/or be arranged on temperature, the accumulated time of imaging apparatus 103 and the gain of signal amplifier 106 of the circuit around it, between the horizontal OB zone of institute's reference, switch, thereby calculate the corrected value of dark shade.
In addition, although the correction data that calculates is not carried out smoothing in a second embodiment in step S706, can carry out smoothing.Yet, having high-frequency vertical shading for correction, the line number that is used for carrying out the correction data of smoothing should be less than the line number of using at step S712.
In addition, according among first embodiment and second embodiment each, based on the temperature of imaging apparatus 103 and/or be arranged on temperature, the accumulated time of imaging apparatus 103 and the yield value of signal amplifier 106 of the circuit around it, determine the horizontal OB zone of institute's reference.Yet, be not limited to can to realize the present invention under the situation of the foregoing description.For example, if can estimate because other factors, for example be arranged on the situation of the LCD monitor in the picture pick-up device as long-time use, the dark current of imaging apparatus 103 increases, and then can come to switch between the horizontal OB zone of dark shadow correction being used to carry out according to above-mentioned factor.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, should be appreciated that, the invention is not restricted to disclosed exemplary embodiments.The scope of appended claims meets the wideest explanation, to comprise all these class modifications, equivalent structure and function.
Claims (14)
1. picture pick-up device comprises:
Imaging apparatus, it comprises effective pixel portions and shading pixel portions, and wherein said valid pixel portion is used to receive the optical imagery of subject and generates picture signal, and described shading pixel portions comprises by a plurality of pixel portions of shading;
Signal processing unit is used to be provided with the reference level of the output signal that sends from described valid pixel portion; And
Control unit, be used for the ambient temperature of the accumulated time based on described imaging apparatus, described imaging apparatus and from the gain of the signal of described imaging apparatus output, coming being used in being arranged on described shading pixel portions to be provided with between at least two zones of described reference level switches
Wherein, described shading pixel portions comprises the first shading pixel portions and the second shading pixel portions with different structure, and
Wherein, described control unit switches between the situation in the zone of using the described first shading pixel portions to be used to as the situation in the zone that is used for being provided with described reference level and each conduct of using described first shading pixel portions and the described second shading pixel portions to be provided with described reference level.
2. picture pick-up device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in described first shading pixel portions and the described second shading pixel portions, the only described first shading pixel portions comprises at least one photo-electric conversion element.
3. picture pick-up device according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
In described first shading pixel portions and the described second shading pixel portions each comprises at least one photo-electric conversion element, and
Wherein, in described first shading pixel portions and the described second shading pixel portions, the only described first shading pixel portions comprises that at least one is used to export the layer of the electric charge that is generated by described photo-electric conversion element.
4. picture pick-up device according to claim 2 is characterized in that,
When the accumulated time of described imaging apparatus during less than threshold value, described control unit is provided with described reference level by using each the output signal in described first shading pixel portions and the described second shading pixel portions, and
Wherein, when the accumulated time of described imaging apparatus was equal to or greater than described threshold value at least, described control unit was provided with described reference level by the output signal of only using the described first shading pixel portions.
5. picture pick-up device according to claim 2 is characterized in that,
When the ambient temperature of described imaging apparatus was lower than threshold value, described control unit was provided with described reference level by using each the output signal in described first shading pixel portions and the described second shading pixel portions, and
Wherein, when the ambient temperature of described imaging apparatus was equal to or higher than described threshold value at least, described control unit was provided with described reference level by the output signal of only using the described first shading pixel portions.
6. picture pick-up device according to claim 2 is characterized in that,
When the gain from the signal of described imaging apparatus output was equal to or greater than threshold value at least, described control unit was provided with described reference level by using each the output signal in described first shading pixel portions and the described second shading pixel portions, and
Wherein, during less than described threshold value, described control unit is provided with described reference level by the output signal of only using the described first shading pixel portions from the gain of the signal of described imaging apparatus output.
7. picture pick-up device according to claim 3 is characterized in that,
When the accumulated time of described imaging apparatus during less than threshold value, described control unit is provided with described reference level by using each the output signal in described first shading pixel portions and the described second shading pixel portions, and
Wherein, when the accumulated time of described imaging apparatus was equal to or greater than described threshold value at least, described control unit was provided with described reference level by the output signal of only using the described first shading pixel portions.
8. picture pick-up device according to claim 3 is characterized in that,
When the ambient temperature of described imaging apparatus was lower than threshold value, described control unit was provided with described reference level by using each the output signal in described first shading pixel portions and the described second shading pixel portions, and
Wherein, when the ambient temperature of described imaging apparatus was equal to or higher than described threshold value at least, described control unit was provided with described reference level by the output signal of only using the described first shading pixel portions.
9. picture pick-up device according to claim 3 is characterized in that,
When the gain from the signal of described imaging apparatus output was equal to, or greater than threshold value at least, described control unit was provided with described reference level by using each the output signal in described first shading pixel portions and the described second shading pixel portions, and
Wherein, when from the gain of the signal of described imaging apparatus output during less than described threshold value, described control unit is provided with described reference level by the output signal of only using the described first shading pixel portions.
10. picture pick-up device according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
Described signal processing unit comprises the clamp circuit that forms based on reponse system, and described clamp circuit is used for adjusting based on the signal of described shading pixel portions the reference level of the output signal of described valid pixel portion, and
Wherein, described signal processing unit changes feedback oscillator based on the ambient temperature of the accumulated time of described imaging apparatus, described imaging apparatus and from the gain of the signal of described imaging apparatus output.
11. picture pick-up device according to claim 10, it is characterized in that, when the accumulated time of described imaging apparatus during less than threshold value, described clamp circuit is the high value of value than the described feedback oscillator that equals in described accumulated time and/or obtain during greater than described threshold value with described feedback gain setting.
12. picture pick-up device according to claim 10, it is characterized in that, when the ambient temperature of described imaging apparatus was lower than threshold value, described clamp circuit was the value higher than the value of the described feedback oscillator that obtains when described ambient temperature equals at least and/or is higher than described threshold value with described feedback gain setting.
13. picture pick-up device according to claim 10, it is characterized in that, when the gain from the signal of described imaging apparatus output is equal to or greater than threshold value at least, described clamp circuit with described feedback gain setting for than the high value of value at the described feedback oscillator that obtains during less than described threshold value from the gain of the signal of described imaging apparatus output.
14. picture pick-up device according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
Described signal processing unit calculates the reference level of the signal of described valid pixel portion at the every row of described imaging apparatus, and
Wherein, when the accumulated time of described imaging apparatus during less than threshold value, described signal processing unit does not carry out smoothing to described reference level, and equals and/or during greater than described threshold value, described signal processing unit carries out smoothing to described reference level when described accumulated time.
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| JP2010245891A (en) * | 2009-04-07 | 2010-10-28 | Olympus Imaging Corp | Imaging device and imaging method |
| JP5445053B2 (en) * | 2009-11-16 | 2014-03-19 | 株式会社ニコン | Imaging apparatus and image correction program |
| JP5403369B2 (en) * | 2010-03-31 | 2014-01-29 | ソニー株式会社 | Solid-state imaging device, driving method, and electronic apparatus |
| WO2015049990A1 (en) * | 2013-10-02 | 2015-04-09 | オリンパス株式会社 | Imaging device and imaging method |
| EP3157248B1 (en) * | 2014-07-02 | 2019-05-08 | Olympus Corporation | Imaging element, imaging device, endoscope, endoscope system, and method for driving imaging element |
| JP6370207B2 (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2018-08-08 | オリンパス株式会社 | Imaging apparatus, image processing apparatus, imaging method, and program |
| JP2017011388A (en) * | 2015-06-18 | 2017-01-12 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | Imaging device, image acquisition device, image acquisition method, image processing apparatus, and image processing program |
| CN111491120B (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2022-11-01 | Jvc建伍株式会社 | Image capturing apparatus |
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| WO2007074518A1 (en) * | 2005-12-27 | 2007-07-05 | Fujitsu Limited | Solid-state image pickup device and dark current component removing method |
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| WO2007074518A1 (en) * | 2005-12-27 | 2007-07-05 | Fujitsu Limited | Solid-state image pickup device and dark current component removing method |
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