CN101373931A - 用于稳定变频器的中间电路的电压的方法和装置 - Google Patents

用于稳定变频器的中间电路的电压的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN101373931A
CN101373931A CNA2008102105356A CN200810210535A CN101373931A CN 101373931 A CN101373931 A CN 101373931A CN A2008102105356 A CNA2008102105356 A CN A2008102105356A CN 200810210535 A CN200810210535 A CN 200810210535A CN 101373931 A CN101373931 A CN 101373931A
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马尔库·塔利亚
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/40—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/42—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/44—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
    • H02M5/443—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
    • H02M5/45—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M5/4505—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only having a rectifier with controlled elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H02M1/084—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters using a control circuit common to several phases of a multi-phase system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/145—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
    • H02M7/155—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/162—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/047—V/F converter, wherein the voltage is controlled proportionally with the frequency
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/40—Means for preventing magnetic saturation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to controlling arrangements characterised by the converter used
    • H02P2201/03—AC-DC converter stage controlled to provide a defined DC link voltage

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  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
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Abstract

一种用于抑止变频器的电压中间电路的电压振荡的方法和装置，该变频器包括耦合到电源网络的半受控整流桥。该方法包括：确定电压中间电路的电压的量值(Uc)，确定电源网络的整流电压的量值(Uin)，形成电源网络的整流电压与电压中间电路的电压之间的差(Uin－Uc)的导数，基于形成的导数来延迟整流桥的可控部件的触发。

Description

用于稳定变频器的中间电路的电压的方法和装置
技术领域
本发明涉及变频器，具体而言，涉及稳定变频器的中间电路的电压。
背景技术
变频器是通常用于以变化的电源频率来控制电机，从而使受控电机的速度能够受到控制的设备。这样的变频器包括整流桥、直流电压中间电路和逆变器。整流桥对电源网络的电压进行整流，并且向直流电压中间电路供应整流电压。逆变器又根据直流电压中间电路的这一电压来形成具有可控频率和幅度并且将供应给负载的电压。
变频器的直流电压中间电路，即DC中间电路，包括被提供用于作为能量存储器并且用于平滑中间电路的直流电压的一个或者多个电容器。中间电路也包括作为实际中间电路DC扼流器或者AC扼流器的电感，所述电感可以简化至DC侧。
当对中间电路充电时，充电电流将以各种方式被限制。否则，对中间电路的电感充电的大电流造成过电流释放。中间电路的电压可以例如通过半受控整流桥而升高到与工作状态对应的电压值。在这样的半受控桥中，每个输入相的第二支路具有最通常为晶闸管的可控半导体。通过减小晶闸管的导通角(flow angle)，可以通过使用量值在容许限值内的充电电流，以受控的方式增大中间电路的电压。在正常使用过程中，这些晶闸管被持续控制为导通，使得整流器的工作类似于二极管桥的工作。
由中间电路的电感和电容形成的LC电路的传递函数是增益依赖于在LC电路的谐振频率时的损耗的二次方程。可以认为变频器的逆变器对电压中间电路呈现恒定功率负载，即当电压中间电路的电压Uc增大时，从中间电路获得的电流减小。这样的电路伴有中间电路电压振荡的危险。
在电源频率的中间电路电压振荡在电源侧造成使电源变压器饱和的直流分量，这又进一步增大了中间电路振荡。
特别是仅在特定条件下，并且与处于大负载的高功率变频器有关联地出现电压振荡。此类成问题的电压振荡的频率具有电源网络的频率的量值或者与之接近。这样的电压振荡例如给中间电路的DC电容器造成压力。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的因此在于提供一种方法和一种实施该方法的装置，以便使上述问题能够得以缓解。本发明的所述目的通过由独立权利要求中所述内容表征的方法和系统来实现。在从属权利要求中公开了本发明的优选实施例。
本发明基于以下思想:以稳定中间电路的电压的方式，基于该电压来控制半受控晶闸管桥。具体而言，晶闸管桥被控制成当电压由于振荡的影响而增大时，延迟接下来要触发的晶闸管的触发角(firing angle)。
根据本发明的方法和系统的优点在于显著缓解了振荡问题。另外，本发明可以通过使用简易装置来实施，并且应用本发明无损于变频器的性能。
附图说明
现在结合优选实施例并且参照附图来更具体地描述本发明，在附图中:
图1图示了实施根据本发明的方法的框图。
具体实施方式
图1示意性地示出了变频器11和实施根据本发明的方法的框图。该图示出了变频器的主要电路部分、即整流桥12、DC电压中间电路13和逆变器14。整流桥被形成为半受控整流器，即每个相的上支路由可控部件形成，所述可控部件在图1所示方案中为晶闸管。变频器11连接到电源网络U、V、W和可控电机15。
图1还示出了用于控制整流桥的晶闸管的栅极驱动器6。该图示出了栅极驱动器耦合到电源网络。通过这一耦合，栅极驱动器与电源网络同步，并且基于电源电压的相电压来推断在给定时间哪个晶闸管将被控制。
在使用变频器之前，将以本身已知的方式对变频器的中间电路充电。在图1所示电路中，进行充电，使得电压指示块1接收启动指示。响应于这一指示Uc，ref，块1开始使电压指示朝着所需中间电路电压Uc稳定地增大。这一指示通过控制电路5被发送到栅极驱动器6。栅极驱动器以本身已知的方式控制晶闸管的触发角，使得中间电路中的电压按照允许用于充电的电流，以受控方式增大。
根据本发明的方法来确定电压中间电路的电压Uc的量值以及供电网络的电压的量值。也以本身已知的方式来确定电压中间电路的电压Uc的量值，以便监视充电并且有可能用于对变频器的其它控制。通常直接通过测量中间电路的正轨(positive rail)与负轨(negative rail)之间的电势差来确定中间电路的电压的量值。
根据本发明的优选实施例，通过使用该图中块2所示的二极管整流桥来确定电源网络的电压的量值。以本身已知的方式，二极管桥根据三相电源电压来形成脉动直流电压。在块2中，还形成整流电源电压Us与中间电路电压Uc之间的差Us-Uc。
由于当半受控整流桥12的晶闸管被控制成将全电压形成至中间电路时，中间电路的电压的量值将对应于经整流的供电电压的量值，因此前述电压之间的差描述了中间电路的电压误差。中间电路的电压误差因此也使中间电路中成问题的电压振荡能够被观察到。
所形成的差被传送到求导块3，该求导块形成经整流的供电电压与中间电路的电压之差的时间导数。如果在输入端的差保持恒定，则该求导块3的输出得到零值。当差变得更小时，即当中间电路的电压相对于供应电压增大时，在求导块的输出端形成与输入端的改变率成比例的负信号。对应地，当差增大时，输出端得到其量值与改变率成比例的正值。
求导块3的输出端连接到滤波器块4，该滤波器块对所形成的导数进行低通滤波。从通过低通滤波而形成的导数中去除与LC电路振荡无关的变化，比如来自电源的失真分量。
滤波器块4的输出形成稳定反馈信号e，该稳定反馈信号e被供应到控制块5。控制块5接收以下三个输入:来自块1的电压指示Uc，ref、所述稳定反馈信号e以及在图1中由块2产生的电压中间电路的电压Uc的测量信号。图1的控制块5被形成为求和运算放大器电路，该求和运算放大器电路形成PI控制器。每个前述输入经由电阻被发送到运算放大器的反相输入端，而运算放大器的输出端经由电阻和电容器耦合回到所述反相输入端。运算放大器电路的反馈的电阻和电容器确定控制器的积分时间常数。
运算放大器电路是求和运算放大器电路，即电路的输出端的电势根据于时间常数而增大，以便等于输入端的电势之和。每个输入端的电阻的量值可以用于影响输出端的总电压的量值。在电压指示Uc，ref对应于测量电压Uc并且将由块3计算的导数为零的工作情况下，可以通过所述电阻来对控制电路的输出进行比例调整，以对应于将要给到栅极驱动器的指示全电压的信号。
在出现变化的情况下，按以下来工作。当中间电路的测量电压Uc相对于网络的经整流电压Us而增大时，由于d(Us-Uc)/dt为负，所以求导块3的输出端得到负值。根据该导数，多数突变由低通滤波器滤波，另外负稳定反馈信号e被供应给控制电路5。中间电路的测量电压Uc同时被引到控制电路5。控制电路的输出由于信号e的影响而减小，从而延迟受控晶闸管的触发，即增大晶闸管的控制角。由于所述求导仅在所测量的中间电路电压与供电电压之间的差改变时才提供校正，因此中间电路的测量电压Uc又通过帮助同时增大控制电路5的输出，校正在测量与指示之间的稳态误差。限制电压的增大防止了出现振荡或者至少显著减小了振荡。
对于本领域技术人员而言清楚的是，可以用许多不同方式来实现本发明的基本思想。本发明及其实施例因此不限于上述例子，而是可以在权利要求的范围内变化。

Claims (4)

1.一种抑止变频器的电压中间电路的电压振荡的方法，所述变频器包括耦合到电源网络的半受控整流桥，其特征在于所述方法包括:
确定所述电压中间电路的电压的量值(Uc)，
确定所述电源网络的整流电压的量值(Uin)，
形成所述电源网络的整流电压与所述电压中间电路的电压之间的差(Uin-Uc)的导数，
基于所述形成的导数来延迟所述整流桥的可控部件的触发。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于所述方法还包括:
对所述形成的导数进行低通滤波，
将所述经低通滤波的导数、所述电压中间电路的电压的所述确定量值(Uc)以及用于所述电压中间电路的电压的参考值(Uc，ref)作为输入而引到控制电路，以及
在所述控制电路中，通过由所述控制电路的积分器对所述输入的信号求和，基于所述输入来形成用于栅极驱动器(6)的控制信号。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于所述方法还包括:当所述电压中间电路的电压增大时，基于所述导数来增大所述可控部件的控制角。
4.一种用于抑止变频器的电压中间电路的电压振荡的装置，所述变频器包括耦合到电源网络的半受控整流桥，其特征在于所述装置包括:
用于确定所述电压中间电路的电压的量值(Uc)的装置，
用于确定所述电源网络的整流电压的量值(Uin)的装置，
用于形成所述电源网络的整流电压与所述电压中间电路的电压之间的差(Uin-Uc)的导数的求导装置，以及
用于基于所述形成的导数来延迟所述整流桥的可控部件的触发的装置。
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CN103595268A (zh) * 2013-11-26 2014-02-19 中国人民解放军重庆通信学院 变频器
CN104242890A (zh) * 2013-06-20 2014-12-24 Abb研究有限公司 有源栅极驱动电路

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CN101917126B (zh) * 2010-07-30 2012-08-15 浙江大学 一种多模块级联固态变压器均压均功率控制方法
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US20090052217A1 (en) 2009-02-26
CN101373931B (zh) 2012-08-29
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US7944087B2 (en) 2011-05-17
EP2028755A3 (en) 2015-08-05

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