CN101369319A - Active radio frequency identification tag - Google Patents
Active radio frequency identification tag Download PDFInfo
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- CN101369319A CN101369319A CNA2008102011749A CN200810201174A CN101369319A CN 101369319 A CN101369319 A CN 101369319A CN A2008102011749 A CNA2008102011749 A CN A2008102011749A CN 200810201174 A CN200810201174 A CN 200810201174A CN 101369319 A CN101369319 A CN 101369319A
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Abstract
Provided is an active radio frequency identification label, which is provided with a control loop, wherein a phase locked loop, for extracting and resuming carrier frequency and phase information of a reader, generating a local oscillation signal inside the label having the same carrier frequency with a read-write machine, moduling the information required to return to the read-write machine onto the local oscillation frequency, transmitting to the read-write machine through a power amplifier; another power management circuit, for controlling the size of output frequency of the power amplifier according to the communication distance, wherein the power management circuit also controls a duplexer, for controlling a label in a receiving state or a transmitting state. The invention has the advantages that, the frequency and the phase information of the receiver carrier are used as basis of reference, thereby generating stable and correct local oscillation signal in the label without external crystal oscillator. Due to the signal frequency of the signal which is returned to the read-write machine by the label the same with that is transmitted to the label by the read-write machine, communication protocol of passive and half-active radio frequency identification system is physically compatible.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to automatic identification field, particularly a kind of active RFID tag.
Background technology
Automatic identification technology is a kind of general designation that comprises multiple recognition technologies such as bar code, living things feature recognition, light signal identification, smart card and radio-frequency (RF) identification.Because these technology have different relative merits separately, they are promoted and have been applied in different occasions.This wherein, REID because have noncontact, characteristics such as volume is little, cost is low, strong security, obtained increasing application at aspects such as comprising logistics, storage, traffic, gate inhibition and ticket.
As shown in Figure 1, a typical radio-frequency recognition system is made up of PC 1, read write line 2, reading and writing device antenna 3, label antenna 4 and label 5.Read write line 2 is by reading and writing device antenna 3 launching electromagnetic waves, search out the label 5 that is positioned at its on-site, carry out specific read and write operation, label 5 is after receiving electromagnetic induction, the data that read write line 2 sends are handled, and the information that himself carries given back read write line 2, PC 1 is collected the information that read write line conducts interviews and operates label, it is gathered and is used for data management and man-machine interaction.Difference according to working frequency range, radio-frequency recognition system can be divided into low frequency, high frequency, ultrahigh frequency or three frequency ranges of microwave, the exemplary operation frequency of its medium and low frequency frequency range has 125kHz and 225kHz, the exemplary operation frequency of high-frequency band is 13.56MHz, and the exemplary operation frequency of ultrahigh frequency or microwave frequency band has 433MHz, 868MHz, 915MHz and 2.45GHz.According to the difference of working method, passive, half active and active three kinds of modes that radio-frequency recognition system can be divided into again.In passive and half active radio-frequency recognition system, label utilizes the mode of electromagnetic backscatter coupling to realize the communication of label to read write line, active label then the power supply that carries of utilization itself to read write line initiatively emitted energy communicate.Because in active radio-frequency recognition system, label has the stable power power supply, thereby can obtain better stable and more complicated and diversified function than passive radio frequency identification system.Simultaneously, because active label does not rely on the energy that read write line is transmitted into label to the communication of read write line, thereby can satisfy the communicating requirement of farther distance.These advantages of active radio-frequency recognition system are for it provides wide application space in fields such as non-parking charge, port cargo and hazardous material managements.
In active radio-frequency recognition system, the sensitivity of read write line is subjected to the restriction of factor such as interference in noise, bandwidth and the frequency band, the capacity of the power supply that then is subjected to its power supply of label (normally button cell and hull cell) and the restriction of maximum operating currenbt, output power is limited, therefore, the reading/writing distance of active radio-frequency recognition system often is subject to the signal intensity of label to the read write line emission.In active label, power amplifier can be realized the requirement of power delivery, by power amplifier, the data-modulated that labeling requirement sends can be sent to read write line on a local oscillation signal.Under existing circuit design level, local oscillation signal usually need be to the external crystal oscillator of label accurately to generate a frequency.But too much external components and parts can reduce the yield rate of label, and bring the raising on the packaging cost.
Up to now, comparatively general passive radio frequency identification standard has been arranged in the world, passive radio-frequency identification labeled technology in high frequency and ultrahigh frequency frequency range is also comparatively ripe.And by comparison, active radio-frequency recognition system is owing to complex structure, functional requirement variation, and the level of its research and application all remains to be developed further.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters of the present invention be to realize a kind of can be not by external crystal oscillator, just at the inner active RFID tag that obtains stable and identical with carrier frequency accurately local oscillation signal of label.
In order to solve above technical matters, the invention provides a kind of active RFID tag, this label is provided with control loop, a phase-locked loop circuit wherein, extract and recover the carrier frequency and the phase information of read write line, generate the local oscillation signal of the label inside identical with the read write line carrier frequency, needs are returned to the information of read write line, be modulated on this local frequency, send to read write line, another electric power management circuit by a power amplifier, far away according to communication distance, closely, the control power amplifiers output power is big, little, electric power management circuit is also controlled diplexer, and the control label is in accepting state or emission state.
Described control loop, the antenna that is label is after diplexer is connected to reception matching network, amplitude limiter circuit, be connected with phase-locked loop circuit, demodulator circuit and electric power management circuit respectively, demodulator circuit is connected with digital control circuit with base band signal process with electric power management circuit, base band signal process is connected with forming filter with storer with digital control circuit, forming filter is connected with frequency mixer, and frequency mixer is connected to diplexer by power amplifier and transmission matching network.
Described phase-locked loop circuit, import a reference signal to frequency divider, frequency divider is connected with phase detector, phase detector is connected with main frequency divider, another Lu Jingyi switch of phase detector is connected with loop filter, loop filter is connected with voltage controlled oscillator, and voltage controlled oscillator is connected with pre-divider, and pre-divider is connected with main frequency divider.
The local oscillation signal that label uses phase-locked loop circuit to generate carries out coherent demodulation to the signal that antenna receives, or carries out non-coherent demodulation with the carrier signal envelope that extracts.
The local oscillation signal of described label inside is to be generated by phase-locked loop circuit, and its base reference signal comes from the read write line carrier signal that label is received, or the frequency division of this signal, the signal after the shaping.
Described electric power management circuit is far away, near according to communication distance, is the intensity that electric power management circuit detects antenna receiving signal, and then communication distance is near by force for signal, otherwise then communication distance is far away.
Described electric power management circuit control diplexer switches, and label is in receiving mode under the normality, and diplexer switches to the reception link, and phase-locked loop circuit carries out Frequency Phase Lock and generates the local oscillation signal of same frequency; When being in emission mode, local oscillation signal is kept the oscillatory regime of its previous moment, and diplexer switches to transmitting chain.
Described electric power management circuit control power amplifiers output power is large and small, is to detect received signal when enough strong when electric power management circuit, connects amplitude limiter circuit, reduces input signal amplitude.
The present invention is the phase-locked loop circuit by label inside, the frequency of the carrier wave that tracking tags receives and phase place, obtain a local oscillations identical with carrier frequency, the information that then needs is returned to read write line is modulated on this local frequency, sends to read write line by power amplifier.According to the demand of reading/writing distance, can change the emissive power of power amplifier, when close together, reduce emissive power, reduce the power consumption of label, and when distance is far away, increase emissive power, satisfy the demand of read write line for return signal intensity.
Superior effect of the present invention is:
1) the present invention not only can backward compatible present passive radio frequency identification system, also leaves the space for the upwards development of active radio-frequency recognition system simultaneously;
2) the present invention uses the frequency of the carrier wave receive and phase information as the reference benchmark, thereby need be by external crystal oscillator, just can generate stable and local oscillation signal accurately in that label is inner.Because it is identical with the signal frequency that read write line sends to label that label returns to the signal of read write line, its can be compatible physically present passive and communication protocol of active radio-frequency recognition system partly.Simultaneously, because label adopts power emission initiatively, it can realize the communication protocol of complete active radio-frequency recognition system under certain powder source management mode.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the synoptic diagram of a typical radio-frequency recognition system;
Fig. 2 is a schematic block circuit diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the theory diagram of phase-locked loop circuit;
The number in the figure explanation
1-PC; 2-read write line;
3-reading and writing device antenna; 4-label antenna;
5-label; 6-diplexer;
7-reception matching network; 8-amplitude limiter circuit;
9-electric power management circuit; 10-demodulator circuit;
11-phase-locked loop circuit; 12-base band signal process and digital control circuit;
13-storer; 14-transmission matching network;
15-power amplifier; 16-frequency mixer;
17-forming filter; 18-frequency divider;
19-phase detector; 20-switch;
21-loop filter; 22-voltage controlled oscillator;
23-main frequency divider; 24-pre-divider.
Embodiment
See also shown in the accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.
As shown in Figure 2, the invention provides a kind of active RFID tag, this label 5 is provided with control loop, a phase-locked loop circuit 11 wherein, extract and recover the carrier frequency and the phase information of read write line 2, generate the local oscillation signal of the label inside identical with read write line 2 carrier frequencies, needs are returned to the information of read write line 2, be modulated on this local frequency, send to read write line 2, another electric power management circuit 9 by a power amplifier 15, far away according to communication distance, closely, control power amplifiers 15 output powers are big, little, electric power management circuit 9 is also controlled diplexer 6, and control label 5 is in accepting state or emission state.
Described control loop, the antenna 4 that is label 5 is after diplexer 6 is connected to reception matching network 7, amplitude limiter circuit 8, be connected with phase-locked loop circuit 11, demodulator circuit 10 and electric power management circuit 9 respectively, demodulator circuit 10 is connected with digital control circuit 12 with base band signal process with electric power management circuit 9, base band signal process is connected with forming filter 17 with storer 13 with digital control circuit 12, forming filter 17 is connected with frequency mixer 16, and frequency mixer 16 is connected to diplexer 6 by power amplifier 15 and transmission matching network 14.
As shown in Figure 3, described phase-locked loop circuit 11, import a reference signal to frequency divider 18, frequency divider 18 is connected with phase detector 19, phase detector 19 is connected with main frequency divider 23, and another Lu Jingyi switch 20 of phase detector 19 is connected with loop filter 21, and loop filter 21 is connected with voltage controlled oscillator 22, voltage controlled oscillator 22 is connected with pre-divider 24, and pre-divider 24 is connected with main frequency divider 23.
The signal that 5 pairs of antennas of label 4 receive carries out demodulation, and the local oscillation signal that generates with phase-locked loop circuit 11 carries out coherent demodulation, or carries out non-coherent demodulation with the carrier signal envelope that extracts.
The local oscillation signal of described label 5 inside is to be generated by phase-locked loop circuit 11, and its base reference signal comes from read write line 2 carrier signals that label 5 is received, or signal behind the frequency division of this signal, shaping.
Described electric power management circuit 9 is far away, near according to communication distance, is the intensity that electric power management circuit 9 detects antenna 4 received signals, and then communication distance is near by force for signal, otherwise then communication distance is far away.
Described electric power management circuit 9 control diplexers 6 switch, and label 5 is in receiving mode under the normality, and diplexer 6 switches to the reception link, and phase-locked loop circuit 11 carries out Frequency Phase Lock and generates the local oscillation signal of same frequency; When being in emission mode, local oscillation signal is kept the oscillatory regime of its previous moment, and diplexer 6 switches to transmitting chain.
Described electric power management circuit 9 control power amplifiers 15 output powers are large and small, are to detect received signal when enough strong when electric power management circuit 9, connect amplitude limiter circuit 8, reduce input signal amplitude.
As shown in Figure 2, label antenna 4, diplexer 6, reception matching network 7, amplitude limiter circuit 8, electric power management circuit 9, demodulator circuit 10, phase-locked loop circuit 11, base band signal process and digital control circuit 12, storer 13, transmission matching network 14, power amplifier 15, frequency mixer 16 and forming filter 17 have been comprised.Core of the present invention is the use of phase-locked loop circuit 11.By phase-locked loop circuit 11, obtain one with label antenna 4 on the carrier wave that receives with the local oscillation signal of homophase frequently.The base band signal process of label 5 and digital control circuit 12 carry out corresponding protocol processing and logic control according to the signal that demodulator circuit 10 demodulates, realization is to the read-write operation of storer 13, and the data that will need to send are transferred to forming filter 17 back acquisition modulation signals.Frequency mixer 16 multiplies each other modulation signal and local oscillation signal, thereby the data-modulated that needs is returned to read write line is to the carrier wave identical with incoming frequency, by finally sending to read write line 2 by label antenna 4 after the amplification of power amplifier 15.
The effect of electric power management circuit 9 is divided into three parts: the one, according to whether can needs set up the requirement of communicating by letter and setting up communication, wake and turn-off the circuit of label other parts up; The 2nd, after communication is set up, detect the intensity of intake, thereby judge the distance of reading/writing distance, when the energy of importing is enough strong, reduce the emissive power of power amplifier 14, the power consumption of saving label 5, open amplitude limiter circuit 8 simultaneously, reduce the amplitude of input signal; The 3rd, the transmission and the reception link of label 5 are controlled, by diplexer 6 label 5 is switched between receiving mode and sending mode, realize the time division duplex of transmitting-receiving.When label 5 is in receiving mode, phase-locked loop circuit 11 operate as normal, be used for locking frequency and phase place between local oscillator and the carrier wave, and when label 5 is in sending mode, phase-locked loop circuit 11 will no longer be followed the tracks of carrier wave, and the local oscillator of its output will be kept the oscillatory regime of eve and free oscillation, when send finish after, again carry out the locking of loop again, and so forth circulation.
Electric power management circuit 9 is worked all the time.When beginning communication, at first send the signal of certain intensity to label 5 by read write line 2, when electric power management circuit 9 detected this signal and satisfies communication requirement, diplexer 6 was switched to the reception link, opens demodulator circuit 10 and phase-locked loop circuit 11 simultaneously.The useful information that carries on 10 pairs of carrier waves of demodulator circuit carries out demodulation, and it is transferred to base band signal process and digital control circuit 12 is operated.The operation of protocol processes and read-write memory is carried out in the instruction that base band signal process and digital control circuit 12 send over according to read write line 2.Finish that demodulation, baseband protocol are handled and the process of read-write memory in, phase-locked loop circuit 11 has been finished locking, it can export one with the local oscillation signal of carrier wave with the frequency homophase.This moment, electric power management circuit 9 switched to sending mode with label 5, and under this pattern, demodulator circuit 10 is turned off, and comprises that the transmission link of forming filter 17, frequency mixer 16 and power amplifier 15 is opened, and diplexer 6 is switched to the transmission link.At this moment, phase-locked loop circuit 11 no longer locks carrier wave, but keeps the local oscillation signal of output according to the oscillatory regime in the previous moment.In sending link, forming filter 17 is according to the requirement of modulation system and correspondent frequency standard, modulation signal to input is handled, after the signal of its output multiplies each other through frequency mixer 16 and local oscillation signal, be modulated onto the frequency of local oscillator, just on Shu Ru the carrier frequency, the signal after 15 pairs of modulation of power amplifier carries out power amplification, send back to read write line by antenna, finish a data communication.After data were sent completely, electric power management circuit 9 turn-offed and sends link, again label is switched back under the receiving mode, and phase-locked loop circuit 11 also begins carrier wave is locked once more.
As shown in Figure 3, reference data V
InBe the carrier signal of adopting on the label antenna 4, and output V
OutThen be used as the local oscillation signal of label 5 inside.Reference data frequency divider 18 carries out phase-locked processing with carrier signal frequency division to a lower frequency, phase detector 19 plays the effect of error amplifier in loop, be used for minimizing the phase error between its input, this error signal is converted into the oscillation frequency that a voltage signal is used for controlling voltage controlled oscillator 22 through behind loop filter 21, and the output of voltage controlled oscillator 22 is carried out bit comparison mutually through sending back to phase detector 19 behind pre-divider 24 and main frequency divider 23 frequency divisions.When label is in receiving mode, switch 20 closures, phase-locked loop circuit 11 operate as normal be used for locking the frequency and the phase place of local oscillator, and when label was in sending mode, switch 20 were opened, and voltage controlled oscillator 22 will be kept the oscillatory regime free oscillation of eve.
It should be noted last that, above embodiment is only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described, although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, can make amendment or be equal to replacement technical scheme of the present invention, and not breaking away from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of the claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. active RFID tag is characterized in that:
This label is provided with control loop, a phase-locked loop circuit wherein, extract and recover the carrier frequency and the phase information of read write line, generate the local oscillation signal of the label inside identical with the read write line carrier frequency, needs are returned to the information of read write line, be modulated on this local frequency, send to read write line by a power amplifier, another electric power management circuit, far away, near according to communication distance, the control power amplifiers output power is large and small, and electric power management circuit is also controlled diplexer, and the control label is in accepting state or emission state.
2. by the described active RFID tag of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Described control loop, the antenna that is label is after diplexer is connected to reception matching network, amplitude limiter circuit, be connected with phase-locked loop circuit, demodulator circuit and electric power management circuit respectively, demodulator circuit is connected with digital control circuit with base band signal process with electric power management circuit, base band signal process is connected with forming filter with storer with digital control circuit, forming filter is connected with frequency mixer, and frequency mixer is connected to diplexer by power amplifier and transmission matching network.
3. by the described active RFID tag of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Label carries out demodulation to the signal that antenna receives, and the local oscillation signal that generates with phase-locked loop circuit carries out coherent demodulation, or carries out non-coherent demodulation with the carrier signal envelope that extracts.
4. by the described active RFID tag of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
The local oscillation signal of described label inside is to be generated by phase-locked loop circuit, and its base reference signal comes from the read write line carrier signal that label is received, or the frequency division of this signal, the signal after the shaping.
5. by the described active RFID tag of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Described electric power management circuit is far away, near according to communication distance, is the intensity that electric power management circuit detects antenna receiving signal, and then communication distance is near by force for signal, otherwise then communication distance is far away.
6. by the described active RFID tag of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Described electric power management circuit control diplexer switches, and label is in receiving mode under the normality, and diplexer switches to the reception link, and phase-locked loop circuit carries out Frequency Phase Lock and generates the local oscillation signal of same frequency; When being in emission mode, local oscillation signal is kept the oscillatory regime of its previous moment, and diplexer switches to transmitting chain.
7. by the described active RFID tag of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Described electric power management circuit control power amplifiers output power is large and small, is to detect received signal when enough strong when electric power management circuit, connects amplitude limiter circuit, reduces input signal amplitude.
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CNA2008102011749A CN101369319A (en) | 2008-10-14 | 2008-10-14 | Active radio frequency identification tag |
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CNA2008102011749A CN101369319A (en) | 2008-10-14 | 2008-10-14 | Active radio frequency identification tag |
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CN102111786A (en) * | 2009-12-25 | 2011-06-29 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method, device and system for monitoring remote carrier-frequency power supply |
CN102194090A (en) * | 2010-03-15 | 2011-09-21 | 国民技术股份有限公司 | Card reader |
CN102523022A (en) * | 2011-11-25 | 2012-06-27 | 乐鑫信息科技(上海)有限公司 | Active mini near field communication antenna system |
CN102622645A (en) * | 2012-03-31 | 2012-08-01 | 电子科技大学 | Radio frequency front end of radio frequency identification (RFID) electronic tag |
CN102647184A (en) * | 2012-04-28 | 2012-08-22 | 北京握奇数据系统有限公司 | Phase-locked loop, active radio frequency identification (RFID) label, double-interface card and control method of phase-locked loop |
CN103209383A (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2013-07-17 | 上海逻迅信息科技有限公司 | Information system based on Internet of Things |
CN103413166A (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2013-11-27 | 天津大学 | Automatic switching power supply system for semi active RFID sensor tag |
CN104217184A (en) * | 2014-04-18 | 2014-12-17 | 天津工业大学 | Novel UHF (Ultra High Frequency) RFID (Radio Frequency Identification Device) reader transmitter |
CN104535837A (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2015-04-22 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十一研究所 | Integrated frequency and power measurement device and method based on RFID antenna transmission |
CN104767543A (en) * | 2014-01-06 | 2015-07-08 | 北京同方微电子有限公司 | Relocking device for active tag |
CN105119780A (en) * | 2015-09-14 | 2015-12-02 | 成都九洲电子信息系统股份有限公司 | Ultrahigh-frequency radio frequency identification air interface protocol testing system |
CN107180253A (en) * | 2017-05-25 | 2017-09-19 | 上海辰达物联网科技有限公司 | A kind of article mark method of combination complex communication RFID anti-theft tags |
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CN108449742A (en) * | 2018-03-13 | 2018-08-24 | 北京邮电大学 | A kind of aid demodulation system and method for near-field communication |
CN109768813A (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2019-05-17 | 东南大学 | A kind of wireless system towards high-speed mobile interchange |
CN113642347A (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2021-11-12 | 华阳新材料科技集团有限公司 | Read-write device and read-write method for radio frequency tag |
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CN102111786A (en) * | 2009-12-25 | 2011-06-29 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method, device and system for monitoring remote carrier-frequency power supply |
CN102194090A (en) * | 2010-03-15 | 2011-09-21 | 国民技术股份有限公司 | Card reader |
CN102194090B (en) * | 2010-03-15 | 2014-07-30 | 国民技术股份有限公司 | Card reader |
CN102523022A (en) * | 2011-11-25 | 2012-06-27 | 乐鑫信息科技(上海)有限公司 | Active mini near field communication antenna system |
CN102622645A (en) * | 2012-03-31 | 2012-08-01 | 电子科技大学 | Radio frequency front end of radio frequency identification (RFID) electronic tag |
CN102647184A (en) * | 2012-04-28 | 2012-08-22 | 北京握奇数据系统有限公司 | Phase-locked loop, active radio frequency identification (RFID) label, double-interface card and control method of phase-locked loop |
CN103209383A (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2013-07-17 | 上海逻迅信息科技有限公司 | Information system based on Internet of Things |
CN103413166A (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2013-11-27 | 天津大学 | Automatic switching power supply system for semi active RFID sensor tag |
CN104767543A (en) * | 2014-01-06 | 2015-07-08 | 北京同方微电子有限公司 | Relocking device for active tag |
CN104217184A (en) * | 2014-04-18 | 2014-12-17 | 天津工业大学 | Novel UHF (Ultra High Frequency) RFID (Radio Frequency Identification Device) reader transmitter |
CN104535837A (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2015-04-22 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十一研究所 | Integrated frequency and power measurement device and method based on RFID antenna transmission |
CN104535837B (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2018-02-06 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十一研究所 | A kind of frequency power integrated measurer being wirelessly transferred based on RFID and method |
CN105119780A (en) * | 2015-09-14 | 2015-12-02 | 成都九洲电子信息系统股份有限公司 | Ultrahigh-frequency radio frequency identification air interface protocol testing system |
CN107180253A (en) * | 2017-05-25 | 2017-09-19 | 上海辰达物联网科技有限公司 | A kind of article mark method of combination complex communication RFID anti-theft tags |
CN107239817A (en) * | 2017-05-25 | 2017-10-10 | 上海辰达物联网科技有限公司 | A kind of intelligent RFID anti-theft tag device of complex communication |
CN108449742A (en) * | 2018-03-13 | 2018-08-24 | 北京邮电大学 | A kind of aid demodulation system and method for near-field communication |
CN109768813A (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2019-05-17 | 东南大学 | A kind of wireless system towards high-speed mobile interchange |
CN109768813B (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2021-03-19 | 东南大学 | Wireless system for high-speed mobile interconnection |
CN113642347A (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2021-11-12 | 华阳新材料科技集团有限公司 | Read-write device and read-write method for radio frequency tag |
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