CN101363758A - A Discrimination Method of Invalid Pixels in UFPA - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种UFPA中无效像元的判别方法，属于红外热成像技术领域，涉及在图像的预处理阶段对非制冷红外焦平面阵列(UFPA)中的无效像元的判别方法。本发明根据像元响应特性，采用循环迭代的方法自动搜索出最优的无效像元识别阈值，确定无效像元在焦平面上的分布，形成一个无效像元位置映射表。与现有技术相比，本发明无需根据经验设定无效像元判别阈值；且在循环迭代的过程中，随着无效像元数的增加使得迭代步长逐步缩短，这种变长搜索使得在迭代初期有较快的收敛速度，然后逐步减小搜索步长，使数据接近稳定值时搜索更为精确，从而保证高效，精确的判断无效像元。A method for discriminating invalid pixels in a UFPA belongs to the technical field of infrared thermal imaging, and relates to a method for discriminating invalid pixels in an uncooled infrared focal plane array (UFPA) in an image preprocessing stage. According to the pixel response characteristics, the invention automatically searches out the optimal invalid pixel identification threshold by means of cyclic iteration, determines the distribution of the invalid pixel on the focal plane, and forms an invalid pixel position mapping table. Compared with the prior art, the present invention does not need to set the invalid pixel discrimination threshold based on experience; and in the process of loop iteration, as the number of invalid pixels increases, the iteration step is gradually shortened, and this variable length search makes the There is a faster convergence speed at the beginning of the iteration, and then the search step is gradually reduced to make the search more accurate when the data is close to the stable value, so as to ensure efficient and accurate judgment of invalid pixels.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the infrared thermal imaging technique field, relate to infrared focal plane array device, especially relate at the pretreatment stage of image method of discrimination to the invalid pixel in the un-cooled infrared focal plane array (UFPA).
Background technology
The non-refrigeration type infrared focal plane array, overcome the shortcoming that common infrared technique need be freezed, easy to use, low in energy consumption, volume is little, in light weight, obtained using widely in fields such as national defence, electric power, fire-fighting, petrochemical industry and medical treatment, in world's expanding economy, just played an important role.On the other hand, people are also more and more higher to the requirement of image quality.But because factor affecting such as the unevenness of the semiconductor material of making device, mask error, defective, technologies, non-uniform phenomenon can appear in its video output amplitude, and uneven extreme case is exactly invalid pixel.Because the existence of inhomogeneous and invalid pixel, may make smudgy, the distortion of the picture signal of being obtained, even make detector lose the ability of detection, and the existing processes technology status makes design have desirable inhomogeneity infrared focal plane detector to be difficult to realize.
In infrared imaging system, the output of the signal of UFPA is the comprehensive results of various factors such as probe unit, sensing circuit, signal processing circuit, and device and signalling channel all may cause the generation of invalid pixel.The invalid pixel of device level is meant the invalid pixel in the infrared detector array self; The invalid pixel of signalling channel level be meant that electric charge in the imaging system is read and the electronic imaging process in relevant pixel signal attenuation is formed owing to access issues invalid unit.Cause that the invalid reason of pixel is a lot, sum up and get up can have following several aspect:
1), in the UFPA manufacture process, the inhomogeneous grade of light sensitive material and wherein doping content all will cause the fluctuation of each probe unit light transfer characteristic curve and the variation of dark current, when this inconsistency is excessive, just form invalid pixel;
2), 1/f noise also can make the probe unit mis-behave, forms invalid pixel;
3), the signal charge transmission influence of reading, in the UFPA device that adopts displacement to read, the passage obstacle can make relevant pixel signal attenuation and form invalid pixel;
4), the residing temperature random variation of UFPA device work will influence the pixel performance, under the certain environment temperature, under for example too high or too low working temperature, the part pixel will produce the bad change of performance, lose detectivity, and become invalid pixel.
Certainly, cause in the factor of invalid unit the main still influence of nonuniformity, sensing circuit and the dark current of physical damage, response characteristic.The existing processes technology status can't address these problems, and makes inevitably to exist invalid pixel in the UFPA device.The existence of invalid pixel will directly influence the imaging effect of system, make in the image of output and bright spot and dim spot occur, and the existence of invalid pixel is handled as Nonuniformity Correction subsequent image, also there is very big influence in figure image intensifyings etc., the resource overhead that causes algorithm increases, even causes image processing algorithm to lose efficacy.Therefore, must differentiate and compensate invalid pixel at the image pretreatment stage, to eliminate of the influence of invalid pixel imaging system.
The differentiation of invalid pixel is most important, because excessive differentiation can increase calculated amount, also can lose image information simultaneously; Differentiating deficiency then can influence denoising effect, and the reduction system is to the detection/tracking performance of point/spot shape target.Invalid pixel method of discrimination commonly used has responsiveness detection method, deviation detection method and walkaway method.
The responsiveness detection method: the responsiveness detection method is the common method that the invalid pixel in face formation focal plane is differentiated.Responsiveness (i.e. gain) is the first-selected Rule of judgment that invalid pixel detects.The detection principle is as follows: determine a threshold value (threshold1) according to practical experience, if the gain coefficient gain＜1-threshold1 or the gain of nonuniformity correction〉1+threshold1, just judge that corresponding probe unit is invalid pixel, otherwise think effective pixel.Document (Zhou Huixin, Yin Shimin, Liu Shangqian, Deng. the infrared focal plane device blind element detects and backoff algorithm [J]. the photon journal, 2004,33 (5): 598-600.) and document (GB/T17444-1998, infrared focal plane array characterisitic parameter measuring technology standard) provided the specific implementation method.The discrimination threshold of invalid pixel is set by experience in the responsiveness detection method, does not have versatility.
The deviation detection method: the deviation detection method is another common method that the invalid pixel in face formation focal plane is differentiated.The detection principle is as follows: determine a threshold value (threshold2) according to practical experience, the threshold value of threshold value herein and responsiveness detection method is irrelevant, obtain the mean value (average) of pixel nonuniformity correction Z-factor (offset), if the offset of certain pixel＜(average-threshold2) or offset〉(average+threshold2), think that then corresponding probe unit is invalid pixel.In nonuniformity correction, Z-factor is the correction to dark current, and is quite responsive to environment temperature.Therefore, the deviation detection method has discriminating power preferably to the relative nullity pixel that variation of ambient temperature causes.But the invalid pixel to being introduced by the nonuniformity of physical damage, response characteristic etc. does not then have discriminating power.
The walkaway method: noise is a random value, follows statistical law, therefore can obtain its characteristic with statistical method.For non-refrigerating infrared focal plane, by measuring the root mean square noise that multiple image can obtain each pixel.If certain pixel is invalid pixel, there is very big difference in its root mean square noise root mean square noises general and other pixels, utilize this characteristic, can detect the invalid pixel of focal plane.As document (Shi Yan, Mao Haicen, Zhang Tianxu, Cao Zhiguo etc., a kind of new invalid pixel method of discrimination of infrared focal plane array, infrared and millimeter wave journal, 2005,24 (2): 119-124.) described based on the feature histogram decomposition.This detection method is by the analysis lot of data, extracts data characteristics and differentiates invalid pixel, so need the acquisition process of mass data, workload is big and loaded down with trivial details.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes invalid pixel method of discrimination among the feature of a kind of UFPA of combining and don't the UFPA that the dependence experience is determined discrimination threshold, can efficiently, accurately determine the position of invalid pixel in UFPA.
Technical matters proposed by the invention is to solve like this: invalid pixel method of discrimination of the present invention is according to the pixel response characteristic, adopt the method for loop iteration to search out optimum invalid pixel recognition threshold automatically, determine the distribution of invalid pixel on the focal plane, form an invalid pixel location map table.Compare with the invalid pixel discrimination threshold that dependence experience is in the past set, the present invention adopts the method for loop iteration to obtain the discrimination threshold of invalid pixel, and is more reasonable.
Detailed technology scheme of the present invention is as follows:
The method of discrimination of invalid pixel among a kind of UFPA may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, according to the response data of UFPA to two or more different radiometric black matrixes, calculate the gain coefficient gain of the Nonuniformity Correction of each pixel among the UFPA.
Step 2, gather UFPA to the response data of a black matrix outside the radiancy described in the step 1 or gather the response data of UFPA to the nonblackbody radiation source, and the minimum value min and the mean value a of the response data of each pixel among the statistics UFPA.
Step 3, setting initialization threshold value threshold are 1.
Step 4, judgement: if min＜0.1 * a execution in step 5, otherwise execution in step 7.
Step 5, with gain＜1-threshold among the UFPA or gain the pixel of 1+threshold is judged as invalid pixel, position and the number k of protocol failure pixel in UFPA; Adopt the interpolation penalty method that all invalid pixels are compensated processing then, promptly adopt the interpolation penalty method to calculate the former response data that the new response data of each invalid pixel is replaced corresponding invalid pixel.
Step 6, (b * k+c), wherein b, c are arithmetic number, recomputate gain coefficient gain, minimum value min and mean value a, change step 4 then over to revise threshold value threshold=threshold-threshold/.
Step 7, end.
By above operation, finally obtain position and the invalid pixel number of all invalid pixels in UFPA.
In the such scheme, the computing method of the gain coefficient gain of Nonuniformity Correction described in the step 1 generally are 2 or the multiple spot asymmetric correction methods that adopts based on demarcating.
In the such scheme, the penalty method of interpolation described in the step 5 is the compensation method of neighborhood interpolation.Specifically: for four summit pixels among the UFPA, employing be two neighborhood interpolation penalty methods; For the pixel at four edges circle place among the UFPA, employing be three neighborhood interpolation penalty methods; For the pixel beyond summit among the UFPA and the border, employing be neighbours territory or eight neighborhood interpolation penalty methods.
The infrared imaging subsequent process can be made the location map table of invalid pixel among the UFPA according to all invalid pixel positions in UFPA of described last execution in step 5 gained of step 7 to the differentiation result's of invalid pixel utilization for convenience; The location map table of described invalid pixel is a determinant that has with UFPA same number of rows and columns, and wherein, the element value of invalid pixel position is " 1 ", and effectively the element of pixel position is changed to " 0 ".
During the invalid pixel of the present invention in differentiating UFPA, along with the increase of invalid pixel number makes iteration step length progressively shorten, this elongated search makes at the iteration initial stage speed of convergence is faster arranged, progressively reduce step-size in search then, search is more accurate when making data near stationary value, thereby guarantee efficiently to judge invalid pixel accurately.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below by embodiment.
The differentiation process of the invalid pixel of infrared focus plane at 320 * 240 can be divided into three steps and realize: (1) gathers black matrix calibration data and view data, and (2) differentiate the position of invalid pixel.
Gathering black matrix calibration data and view data stage, for eliminating the influence of accidental error that the unitary sampling data occur to the result, we repeatedly sample to same target under same test condition, the assembly average of calculating sampling data, and with this response output as target.
Differentiate the stage in invalid pixel position, the response of the high low temperature black matrix that calculates as the calibration data, is calculated its gain coefficient, view data is carried out Nonuniformity Correction, loop iteration is sought the discrimination threshold of invalid pixel, distinguishes effective pixel and invalid pixel; According to final all invalid pixel positions in UFPA, make the location map table of invalid pixel among the UFPA; The location map table of described invalid pixel is a determinant that has with UFPA same number of rows and columns, and wherein, the element value of invalid pixel position is " 1 ", and effectively the element of pixel position is changed to " 0 ".
Claims (5)
1. the method for discrimination of invalid pixel among the UFPA may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, according to the response data of UFPA to two or more different radiometric black matrixes, calculate the gain coefficient gain of the Nonuniformity Correction of each pixel among the UFPA.
Step 2, gather UFPA to the response data of a black matrix outside the radiancy described in the step 1 or gather the response data of UFPA to the nonblackbody radiation source, and the minimum value min and the mean value a of the response data of each pixel among the statistics UFPA.
Step 3, setting initialization threshold value threshold are 1.
Step 4, judgement: if min＜0.1 * a execution in step 5, otherwise execution in step 7.
Step 5, with gain＜l-threshold among the UFPA or gain the pixel of 1+threshold is judged as invalid pixel, writes down position and the number k of all invalid pixels in UFPA; Adopt the interpolation penalty method that all invalid pixels are compensated processing then, promptly adopt the interpolation penalty method to calculate the former response data that the new response data of each invalid pixel is replaced corresponding invalid pixel.
Step 6, (b * k+c), wherein b, c are arithmetic number, recomputate gain coefficient gain, minimum value min and mean value a, change step 4 then over to revise threshold value threshold=threshold-threshold/.
Step 7, finish, simultaneously with all invalid pixels of last execution in step 5 gained in UFPA the position and number k as the differentiation result of invalid pixel among the final UFPA.
2. the method for discrimination of invalid pixel is characterized in that among the UFPA according to claim 1, according to all invalid pixel positions in UFPA of described last execution in step 5 gained of step 7, makes the location map table of invalid pixel among the UFPA; The location map table of described invalid pixel is a determinant that has with UFPA same number of rows and columns, and wherein, the element value of invalid pixel position is " 1 ", and effectively the element of pixel position is changed to " 0 ".
3. the method for discrimination of invalid pixel is characterized in that among the UFPA according to claim 1 and 2, and the computing method of the gain coefficient gain of Nonuniformity Correction described in the step 1 are 2 or multiple spot asymmetric correction methods that adopt based on demarcating.
4. the method for discrimination of invalid pixel is characterized in that among the UFPA according to claim 1 and 2, and the penalty method of interpolation described in the step 5 is the compensation method of neighborhood interpolation.
5. the method for discrimination of invalid pixel is characterized in that among the UFPA according to claim 4, and the compensation method of described neighborhood interpolation is for four summit pixels among the UFPA, employing be two neighborhood interpolation penalty methods; For the pixel at four edges circle place among the UFPA, employing be three neighborhood interpolation penalty methods; For the pixel beyond summit among the UFPA and the border, employing be neighbours territory or eight neighborhood interpolation penalty methods.
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101876570A (en) * | 2010-04-09 | 2010-11-03 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | A Readout Integrated Circuit with Automatic Blind Cell Rejection Function |
| CN102426698A (en) * | 2011-11-04 | 2012-04-25 | 中国航空工业集团公司洛阳电光设备研究所 | Infrared image enhancement method |
| CN103076156A (en) * | 2013-01-08 | 2013-05-01 | 江苏涛源电子科技有限公司 | Multi-criteria blind pixel detection method of infrared focal planar array |
| CN104330167A (en) * | 2014-11-24 | 2015-02-04 | 浙江大立科技股份有限公司 | Infrared focal plane array dynamic blind element processing method and device |
| CN105547484A (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2016-05-04 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | Pixel radiation response calibration method for reliability screening of linear array detector |
| CN106525245A (en) * | 2016-11-03 | 2017-03-22 | 浙江大学 | Rapid sequential blind pixel detection and correction method based on tri-gradient thresholds |
| CN106713191A (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2017-05-24 | 西安电子科技大学 | Multistage searching SAGE method |
| CN106846292A (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2017-06-13 | 中国资源卫星应用中心 | A kind of invalid pixel In-flight measurement method |
| CN113049118A (en) * | 2021-03-16 | 2021-06-29 | 昆明物理研究所 | Flash element testing device and method for infrared focal plane detector |
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- 2008-09-17 CN CNB2008100460809A patent/CN100561149C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| CN101876570A (en) * | 2010-04-09 | 2010-11-03 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | A Readout Integrated Circuit with Automatic Blind Cell Rejection Function |
| CN102426698A (en) * | 2011-11-04 | 2012-04-25 | 中国航空工业集团公司洛阳电光设备研究所 | Infrared image enhancement method |
| CN103076156A (en) * | 2013-01-08 | 2013-05-01 | 江苏涛源电子科技有限公司 | Multi-criteria blind pixel detection method of infrared focal planar array |
| CN104330167B (en) * | 2014-11-24 | 2017-07-18 | 浙江大立科技股份有限公司 | Infrared focal plane array dynamic blind pixel processing method and processing device |
| CN104330167A (en) * | 2014-11-24 | 2015-02-04 | 浙江大立科技股份有限公司 | Infrared focal plane array dynamic blind element processing method and device |
| CN105547484B (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2018-07-03 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | For the pixel rdaiation response scaling method of linear array detector reliability screening |
| CN105547484A (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2016-05-04 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | Pixel radiation response calibration method for reliability screening of linear array detector |
| CN106525245A (en) * | 2016-11-03 | 2017-03-22 | 浙江大学 | Rapid sequential blind pixel detection and correction method based on tri-gradient thresholds |
| CN106525245B (en) * | 2016-11-03 | 2018-10-30 | 浙江大学 | A kind of detection of quick sequential blind element and bearing calibration based on three Grads threshold |
| CN106846292A (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2017-06-13 | 中国资源卫星应用中心 | A kind of invalid pixel In-flight measurement method |
| CN106846292B (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2019-08-27 | 中国资源卫星应用中心 | A Method for On-orbit Detection of Invalid Pixels |
| CN106713191A (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2017-05-24 | 西安电子科技大学 | Multistage searching SAGE method |
| CN113049118A (en) * | 2021-03-16 | 2021-06-29 | 昆明物理研究所 | Flash element testing device and method for infrared focal plane detector |
| CN113049118B (en) * | 2021-03-16 | 2021-11-19 | 昆明物理研究所 | Flash element testing device and method for infrared focal plane detector |
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