CN101363096A - Smelting technology with slag of silicon-manganese and nickel iron alloys by ore furnace - Google Patents
Smelting technology with slag of silicon-manganese and nickel iron alloys by ore furnace Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a slag-containing smelting process of silicon-manganese alloy, nickel-iron alloy and other alloys by a submerged-arc furnace, comprising the steps of sintering, charging, smelting, midway deslagging, recharging, smelting, discharging and casting. The midway deslagging procedure just removes slag without discharging iron and is determined by the power load of the smelting. The slag is not fully removed during the procedures of the midway deslagging and discharging, 5%-10% of the slag remains in the submerged-arc furnace. Molten iron is not completely discharged during the discharging procedure, 5%-10% of the molten iron remains in the submerged-arc furnace. The process adopts the iron-remaining operation to keep the heat which is formerly carried away by iron tapping in the furnace and reduces heat output; therefore, the power consumption is reduced. Simultaneously, compared with the original process, the power load for the primary smelting stage is increased, the alloy percent reduction is increased a little, the speed of the smelting high-temperature reduction reaction is accelerated, and the production operation efficiency of the submerged-arc furnace is raised. The process is basically identical with the conventional process in term of the specific operation links, and the smelting process is easily controlled.
Description
1. technical field
The present invention relates to ferroalloy smelting technology.
2. background technology
Iron alloy is mainly smelted by the hot stove in ore deposit.The source of heat mainly is an electric energy in the ferroalloy smelting process.Advocating energy-saving and emission-reduction, increase under the background of social benefit and business economic benefit in current country, how to reduce the loss of mine heat furnace smelting electric energy, is the important problem that ferroalloy smelting enterprise faces.
At present, most of ferroalloy smelting enterprise takes to reduce the measure of mine heat furnace smelting electric energy loss, mainly is that the power supply facilities of the hot stove in ore deposit is transformed, and improves the electrical equipment efficient of transformer, select the little transformer of no-load loss for use and transform short net, reduce impedance loop and induction reactance etc.On the angle of ferroalloy smelting technology, the measure that reduces the mine heat furnace smelting electric energy loss is not a lot of relatively.Because the process procedure in the whole ferroalloy smelting process is more fixing, has limited from the angle of ferroalloy smelting process procedure, reduces the improvement of mine heat furnace smelting electric energy loss.Common conservation measures also mainly is the means such as insulation, recycle heat energy and minimizing blowing out in the smelting process, does not obtain substantial improvement from process aspect veritably.
From present technology with mine heat furnace smelting silicomanganese and nickel iron alloys, pitch time of tapping a blast furnace in the smelting process is short and frequent relatively, what do not help inserting and smelting under the electrode carries out smoothly, so also will certainly take away the heat of lot of valuable more, after next stove cold burden was packed into, finish normal smelting temperature-rise period then can need to expend more electric energy.Tap a blast furnace fully and also can cause smelting initial stage electric power on the low side, power load does not reach higher level, and having gone out sometimes in the ferronickel production has a load mutually even not in the three-phase electrode in the stove 40 minutes.Cause that the furnace charge burn-off rate is slow, the stove material feeding is slow, fusing time is long, thereby cause whole alloy smelting process power consumption too much.
In addition, tap a blast furnace and make that relatively frequently the temperature fluctuation in the hot stove of whole alloy smelting process chats is bigger and on the low side, smelting initial stage power load is sent deficiency, the furnace bottom power density is not enough, alloying element high temperature reduction atmosphere relatively a little less than, cause alloy reduction output capacity to decrease, alloy output does not increase.
Therefore, the problem that slag melting technology ubiquity energy consumption height is arranged, yield poorly of traditional mine heat furnace smelting silicomanganese and nickel iron alloys.
3. summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is the problems referred to above that have slag melting technology to exist at present mine heat furnace smelting silicomanganese and nickel iron alloys, and provide that a kind of power consumption is low, output is high and easy-operating mine heat furnace smelting silicomanganese and nickel iron alloys the slag melting novel process arranged.
Realize that the technical scheme that the foregoing invention purpose adopts is: a kind of have slag melting technology with mine heat furnace smelting silicomanganese and nickel iron alloys, its technological process mainly comprises: sintering, reinforced, smelting, slagging midway, feed in raw material, smelt, come out of the stove, pour into a mould operation again, it is characterized in that:
1) mainly comprises: sintering, reinforced, smelting, slagging midway, feed in raw material, smelt, come out of the stove, pour into a mould operation again.
2) only carry out the slagging operation in the slagging operation midway, and the operation of not tapping a blast furnace.This comes down to two original smelting cycles are merged, and does not tap a blast furnace and only slagging midway.
3) execution of slagging midway operation is mainly according to smelting the power load decision, reaches when going out slag melting power load prescribed value midway when smelting power load, just carries out the operation of slagging midway.
Go out slag melting power load prescribed value midway and be when having smelted the furnace charge of packing into, corresponding smelting power load by the heat size Intake Quantity.
4) slag tap in the slagging midway and the operation of coming out of the stove also not go out to the greatest extent, 5%～10% the quantity of slag is stayed in the hot stove in ore deposit always.
5) molten iron of coming out of the stove in the operation can all not emitted, and 5%～10% iron water amount is stayed in the hot stove in ore deposit always.
Slagging is not midway tapped a blast furnace and is come out of the stove and not exclusively goes out the operation of molten iron to the greatest extent (promptly staying the iron operation), is the crucial part that the present invention realizes purpose.
The present invention compares with existing technology has outstanding substantive distinguishing features and advantage:
(1) mine heat furnace smelting economical effectiveness: stay the iron operation to reduce the frequency of tapping a blast furnace, the feasible heat of taking away that originally tapped a blast furnace has been stayed in the stove, has reduced the heat expenditure, so just can slow down the loss of the hot furnace heat in ore deposit well, thereby reduce the consumption of electric energy.Regulation with reference to State Standard of the People's Republic of China GB21341-2008 iron alloy unit product energy consumption limit, the melting electric consumption (kWh/t) of unit Rhometal product is 7500kWh/t before transforming, the melting electric consumption (kWh/t) of transforming back unit Rhometal product is 7150kWh/t, reduces about 5%.The melting electric consumption (kWh/t) of unit silicomanganese product is 4200kWh/t before transforming, and the melting electric consumption (kWh/t) of transforming back unit silicomanganese product is 3965kWh/t, reduces about 5%.
(2) the iron operation is stayed in employing, the more original technology of the power load at smelting initial stage increases, preceding 1 hour electricity consumption maximum load of 10000kW mine heat furnace smelting nickel-iron is brought up to 2400kW by 2000kW, stove is on average smelted power load and is brought up to 4800kW by 4200kW, the stability of power load strengthens in the smelting process, temperature raises relatively and keeps relative stability in the stove, the corresponding rising of furnace charge cohesive zone, the crucible reaction district increases, alloying element high temperature reduction atmosphere strengthens, the alloy reduction ratio brings up to 90% by 85%, and comprehensive output approximately improves about 10%～15%.
(3) the present invention smelts the more original technology of power load at initial stage and increases, power load can reach at full capacity ahead of time in the smelting process, temperature raises relatively and keeps relative stability in the stove, alloying element high temperature reduction reaction rate accelerates, shorten final tap to tap time, promote the production operational availability of the hot stove in ore deposit, totally improved the production efficiency of whole alloy smelting.
(4) because a slagging is not midway tapped a blast furnace, carry out the operation of tapping a blast furnace in the operation of in the end coming out of the stove, simplified original smelting operation.
(5) the present invention only needs hot furnace apparatus in ore deposit and hot metal ladle simply to change, and facility investment seldom.
(6) whole alloy smelting process to the requirement of raw material with original smelt require basically identical, and low-grade raw ore is also had stronger adaptability, also basically identical on the concrete operations link simultaneously, smelting process is control easily also.
4. embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment the present invention is further specified.
Embodiment 1: with Philippines's red soil nickel ore, coke and unslaked lime is main raw material, with 10000KVA mine heat furnace smelting nickel-iron alloy
1) raw material composition:
The composition (%) of table 1 Philippines red soil nickel ore
| TNi | TFe | SiO 2 | Cr 2O 3 | CaO | MgO | S | P | Al 2O 3 |
| 1.8 | 14.76 | 38.62 | 1.0 | 2.14 | 21.23 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 3.85 |
Ore fragmentation: 5～10mm accounts for 5%; 10～50mm accounts for 60%; 50～80mm accounts for 35%.
2) the smelting operation process of mine heat furnace smelting nickel-iron alloy
(1) sintering:, on the normal sintering machine, carry out normal sintering then, thereby obtain the sintering nugget at first with raw material proportion speed weighing according to a certain percentage.The sintering nugget carries out crushing and screening.
(2) reinforced: as to pour the low level hopper into after the sintering nugget behind the crushing and screening and coke, unslaked lime is mixed, send into furnace top bin through the belt skew bridge again.Furnace charge is to smelt in the hot stove stove in 10000KVA ore deposit by the furnace top bin capacity of joining.Reinforced wanting evenly at first collected together the heat material on every side to electrode before feeding in raw material, and then divides adding virgin material in small batches.Note controlling well suitable charge level height.
(3) smelt: electrode will have rational depth of penetration in furnace charge, and the stokehold power supply is carried out in strict accordance with power supply system.General per tour is broadcasted electrode once, send electricity, the ascending rising step by step of electric current after having put electrode.To select suitable secondary voltage in the power supply system.10000KVA ore furnace secondary voltage generally is controlled at 125～165V.Carry out smoothly for guaranteeing that ferronickel reduces, smelting temperature is controlled at about 1500 ℃～1600 ℃.
(4) slagging midway: the execution of the operation of slagging midway mainly is according to going out the decision of slag melting power load prescribed value midway.When smelting power load when reaching 25000kW (be nickel-iron smelting slag tap power load prescribed value) midway, suitably reduce furnace power and open the stove eye, carry out the slagging operation.
For guaranteeing the flowability of slag, the basicity of slag is controlled at about 1.2 in the stove, so that slag is discharged smoothly.If it is not smooth that slag is discharged, then should carry out artificial deslagging.
Slagging tap in the slagging operation midway also not exclusively goes out to the greatest extent, generally 5%～10% the quantity of slag is stayed in the hot stove in ore deposit.What add furnace charge before the 10000KVA mine heat furnace smelting nickel-iron alloy, slagging midway is approximately 24 tons with the ore deposit amount, and the actual quantity of slag that produces is approximately 20 tons, and the quantity of slag of containing cinder ladle during blow-on slagging midway reaches 18 tons, finishes slagging.Reach 20 tons when the quantity of slag of containing cinder ladle during slagging midway later on, and slag stream head be at 1/10 o'clock of the stove eye, the end slagging.The whole slagging time was controlled in 10 minutes.Tapping temperature is controlled at about 1580 ℃.
(5) reinforced again: shutoff stove eye after slagging finishes, the Intake Quantity according to heat size continues reinforced the smelting in stove then.Whole reinforced operation is consistent with the charging technology operating duty in the early stage of slagging midway.
(6) smelt: the power supply system in the later stage of slagging midway and the slagging midway of smelting operation fundamental sum technological operating system in earlier stage is consistent.But to note the variation of power load more, keep the stable of interior temperature of stove and furnace charge charge level.
(7) come out of the stove: go out furnace operating and also mainly carry out according to the final power load prescribed value of smelting.When the smelting power load reaches 50000kW (the promptly final power load prescribed value of smelting), just can carry out out furnace operating.
The order of the process of coming out of the stove is to slag tap earlier afterwards to tap a blast furnace.Discharge smoothly for the assurance slag, the basicity of slag is controlled at about 1.2 in the stove.And tapping temperature is controlled at about 1580 ℃.Slagging tap not exclusively goes out to the greatest extent, generally 5%～10% the quantity of slag is stayed in the hot stove in ore deposit.10000KVA mine heat furnace smelting nickel-iron alloy, what add furnace charge midway after the slagging is approximately 24 tons with ore deposit amount, and the actual quantity of slag that produces is approximately 20 tons, and when the pulp water amount of containing cinder ladle reaches about 20 tons, and slag stream head be 1/10 o'clock of the stove eye, the end deslagging.
Slag tap behind the EO, open the stove eye immediately and tap a blast furnace.Cross low influence cast for the temperature drop of the alloy that prevents to come out of the stove, tapping temperature is controlled at about 1470 ℃.Molten iron can all not emitted in the operation of coming out of the stove, and generally about 5%～10% of iron water amount is stayed in the hot stove in ore deposit.10000KVA mine heat furnace smelting nickel-iron alloy, always measuring with the ore deposit of furnace charge that whole smelting cycle adds is approximately 48 tons, and the alloy output of actual production is approximately 7 tons, and the blow-on amount of tapping a blast furnace reaches 6.3 ton hours, finishes to tap a blast furnace.Coming out of the stove later on when tapping a blast furnace reaches 7 ton hours as the Sheng Tieliang of hot metal ladle, and molten iron stream head is 1/10 o'clock of the stove eye, finishes to tap a blast furnace.
Slag tap and tap a blast furnace behind the EO, shutoff stove eye is prepared the smelting of stove down.
(8) cast: final alloy is poured into a mould and the finishing and the warehouse-in of finished product.
Ferronickel is after chemical examination, and composition is Ni:〉4%; C:＜1.5%; P:＜0.035%; S:＜0.4%.
The table 2 Rhometal smelting technology situation cartogram that taps a blast furnace
| Average daily production (ton) | Average class output (ton) | Per tour goes out heat (inferior) | Average furnace output (ton) | ||
| Before the transformation | 20 | 6 | 2 | 3 | |
| After the transformation | 22 | 7 | 1 | 7 |
Table 3 mine heat furnace smelting nickel-iron alloy effect
| Project | Unit product melting electric consumption (kWh/t) | Every furnace output (ton) | Alloy reduction ratio (%) | Per tour number of times (stove) of coming out of the stove |
| Before the transformation | 7500 | 3 | 85％ | 2 |
| After the transformation | 7150 | 7 | 90％ | 1 |
Embodiment 2: with manganese ore, rich manganese slag, silica, coke and lime is main raw material, with 10000KVA mine heat furnace smelting silicomanganese.
Product grade: FeMn65Si17
1) raw material composition
Manganese oxide ore main chemical compositions (%) sees the following form:
Table 3 manganese oxide ore main chemical compositions (%)
| TMn | TFe | SiO 2 | Al 2O 3 | CaO | MgO | S | P |
| 35.34 | 12.04 | 15.79 | 1.72 | 1.55 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.10 |
| K 2O | Na 2O | TiO 2 | Pb | Cu | Zn | Ni | |
| 1.02 | 0.055 | 0.40 | 0.005 | 0.023 | 0.030 | 0.038 |
2) the smelting operation process of mine heat furnace smelting silicomanganese
(1) sintering:, on the normal sintering machine, carry out normal sintering then, thereby obtain the sintering nugget at first with raw material proportion speed weighing according to a certain percentage.The sintering nugget carries out crushing and screening.
(2) reinforced: that the manganese ore behind the crushing and screening and sintering nugget and Fu Meng slag, coke, unslaked lime are mixed.The furnace charge for preparing will have higher Mn-Fe ratio and manganese phosphorus ratio, and general Mn-Fe ratio is 5～10, manganese phosphorus ratio〉200.The furnace charge that is mixed is poured the low level hopper into, sends into furnace top bin through the belt skew bridge again.
Furnace charge is to smelt in the hot stove stove in 10000KVA ore deposit by the furnace top bin capacity of joining.Reinforced wanting evenly at first collected together the heat material before reinforced, and then divided small quantities of virgin material that adds around electrode, first small powder Intake Quantity the chances are about 1/2 of hot stove furnace capacity in ore deposit.Note controlling well suitable charge level height.
(3) smelt: the stokehold power supply is carried out in strict accordance with power supply system, and controls the depth of penetration of electrode well.General per tour is broadcasted electrode once, send electricity, the ascending rising step by step of electric current after having put electrode.To select suitable secondary voltage in the power supply system, interelectrode potential gradient (V/cm) is remained in the reasonable range.10000KVA ore furnace secondary voltage generally is controlled at 125～165V.Carry out smoothly for guaranteeing that alloy reduces, smelting temperature is controlled at about 1500 ℃.Avoid smelting temperature too high, reduce the volatilization loss of manganese.
(4) slagging midway: the execution of the operation of slagging midway mainly is according to going out the decision of slag melting power load prescribed value midway.When smelting power load when reaching 25000kW～28000kW (be manganese alloy smelting slag tap power load prescribed value) midway, suitably reduce furnace power and open the stove eye, carry out the slagging operation.Deslagging is the item key of alloy smelting direct motion smoothly, also is the important prerequisite that obtains good economic and technical norms.For guaranteeing the flowability of slag, the basicity basicity of slag is controlled at about about 0.8～0.9 in the stove, so that slag is discharged smoothly.If it is not smooth that slag is discharged, then should carry out artificial deslagging.
Slagging tap in the slagging operation midway also not exclusively goes out to the greatest extent, generally 5%～10% the quantity of slag is stayed in the hot stove in ore deposit.What add furnace charge before the 10000KVA mine heat furnace smelting silicomanganese, slagging midway is approximately 24 tons with the ore deposit amount, and the actual quantity of slag that produces is approximately 14 tons, works as the quantity of slag of containing cinder ladle during blow-on slagging midway and reaches 12～13 tons, finishes slagging.The quantity of slag of containing cinder ladle during slagging midway later on reaches 14 tons, and slag stream head be 1/10 o'clock of the stove eye, the end slagging.
The whole slagging time was controlled in 10 minutes.Tapping temperature is controlled at about 1470 ℃.
(5) reinforced again: shutoff stove eye after slagging finishes, the Intake Quantity according to heat size continues reinforced the smelting in stove then.Whole reinforced operation is consistent with the charging technology operating duty in the early stage of slagging midway.
(6) smelt: the power supply system in the later stage of slagging midway and the slagging midway of smelting operation fundamental sum technological operating system in earlier stage is consistent.But to note the variation of power load more, keep the situation of the stable and furnace charge charge level of temperature in the stove.Smelting temperature is controlled at about 1500 ℃.Avoid smelting temperature too high, reduce the volatilization loss of manganese.
(7) come out of the stove: go out furnace operating and also mainly carry out according to the final power load prescribed value of smelting.When the smelting power load reaches 52000kW (the promptly final power load prescribed value of smelting), just can carry out out furnace operating.
The order of the process of coming out of the stove is to slag tap earlier afterwards to tap a blast furnace.Tapping temperature is controlled at about 1470 ℃.Slagging tap not exclusively goes out to the greatest extent, generally 5%～10% the quantity of slag is stayed in the hot stove in ore deposit.10000KVA mine heat furnace smelting silicomanganese, what add furnace charge midway after the slagging is approximately 24 tons with ore deposit amount, and the actual quantity of slag that produces is approximately 14 tons, and when the pulp water amount of containing cinder ladle reaches about 14 tons, and slag stream head be 1/10 o'clock of the stove eye, the end deslagging.
Tapping temperature is controlled at 1370 ℃～1400 ℃.Molten iron can all not emitted in the operation of coming out of the stove, and generally about 5%～10% of iron water amount is stayed in the hot stove in ore deposit.10000KVA mine heat furnace smelting silicomanganese, every stove alloy ultimate production of whole smelting actual production is approximately 18.6 tons, and the blow-on amount of tapping a blast furnace reaches 16 ton hours, finishes to tap a blast furnace.Coming out of the stove later on when tapping a blast furnace reaches 18.6 ton hours as the Sheng Tieliang of hot metal ladle, and molten iron stream head is 1/10 o'clock of the stove eye, finishes to tap a blast furnace.
Slag tap and tap a blast furnace behind the EO, shutoff stove eye is prepared the smelting of stove down.
(8) cast: final alloy is poured into a mould and the finishing and the warehouse-in of finished product.
This product its composition after chemically examining is: Mn:65%～70%; Si:17%～20%; C:＜1.8%; P:＜0.20%; S:＜0.04%.
The table 4 manganese alloy smelting technology situation cartogram that taps a blast furnace
| Average daily production (ton) | Average class output (ton) | Go out heat (inferior) every day | Average furnace output (ton) | |
| Before the transformation | 51 | 17 | 8 | 6.3 |
| After the transformation | 55.8 | 18.6 | 3 | 18.6 |
Table 5 mine heat furnace smelting silicomanganese effect
| Project | Unit product melting electric consumption (kWh/t) | Every furnace output (ton) | Alloy reduction ratio (%) | |
| Before the transformation | 4200 | 6.3 | 85％ | |
| After the transformation | 3960 | 18.6 | 90％ |
Illustrate: the melting electric consumption index that the iron alloy unit product melting electric consumption (kWh/t) of institute's foundation compares better for current ferroalloy smelting enterprise.
Illustrate: in the aforesaid method of the present invention, raw materials used composition is current ferroalloy smelting raw material relative standard's a composition, and the product of production is a standard brand.
Claims (5)
- One kind with mine heat furnace smelting silicomanganese and nickel iron alloys slag melting technology arranged, it is characterized in that:Mainly comprise sintering, reinforced, smelting, slagging midway, feed in raw material, smelt, come out of the stove, pour into a mould operation again.
- 2. according to claim 1 a kind of with mine heat furnace smelting silicomanganese and nickel iron alloys slag melting technology arranged, it is characterized in that:Only carry out the slagging operation in the slagging operation midway, and the operation of not tapping a blast furnace.
- 3. according to claim 1 a kind of with mine heat furnace smelting silicomanganese and nickel iron alloys slag melting technology arranged, it is characterized in that:The execution of slagging midway operation is mainly according to smelting the power load decision, reaches when going out slag melting power load prescribed value midway when smelting power load, just carries out the operation of slagging midway.Go out slag melting power load prescribed value midway and be when having smelted the furnace charge of packing into, corresponding smelting power load by the heat size Intake Quantity.
- 4. according to claim 1 a kind of with mine heat furnace smelting silicomanganese and nickel iron alloys slag melting technology arranged, it is characterized in that:Slagging tap in the slagging midway and the operation of not coming out of the stove to the greatest extent yet, and 5%～10% the quantity of slag is stayed in the hot stove in ore deposit always.
- 5. according to claim 1 a kind of with mine heat furnace smelting silicomanganese and nickel iron alloys slag melting technology arranged, it is characterized in that:Molten iron can all not emitted in the operation of coming out of the stove, and 5%～10% iron water amount is stayed in the hot stove in ore deposit always.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112143889A (en) * | 2020-08-18 | 2020-12-29 | 北京中冶设备研究设计总院有限公司 | Device and method for smelting ferro-silico-aluminum based on submerged arc furnace solid-state nickel-iron slag |
| CN112880412A (en) * | 2021-01-22 | 2021-06-01 | 梁乾毅 | Electrode parameter optimization method for closed calcium carbide furnace |
| CN115611283A (en) * | 2022-09-14 | 2023-01-17 | 宁夏广臻兴升新材料有限公司 | Smelting method for controlling calcium content in industrial silicon |
-
2008
- 2008-10-09 CN CNA2008101670255A patent/CN101363096A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112143889A (en) * | 2020-08-18 | 2020-12-29 | 北京中冶设备研究设计总院有限公司 | Device and method for smelting ferro-silico-aluminum based on submerged arc furnace solid-state nickel-iron slag |
| CN112880412A (en) * | 2021-01-22 | 2021-06-01 | 梁乾毅 | Electrode parameter optimization method for closed calcium carbide furnace |
| CN115611283A (en) * | 2022-09-14 | 2023-01-17 | 宁夏广臻兴升新材料有限公司 | Smelting method for controlling calcium content in industrial silicon |
| CN115611283B (en) * | 2022-09-14 | 2023-12-22 | 宁夏广臻兴升新材料有限公司 | Smelting method for controlling calcium content in industrial silicon |
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