CN101357082A - Rat breathing mask - Google Patents
Rat breathing mask Download PDFInfo
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- CN101357082A CN101357082A CNA2008101509278A CN200810150927A CN101357082A CN 101357082 A CN101357082 A CN 101357082A CN A2008101509278 A CNA2008101509278 A CN A2008101509278A CN 200810150927 A CN200810150927 A CN 200810150927A CN 101357082 A CN101357082 A CN 101357082A
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Abstract
The invention provides a rat respiratory mask which is applicable to basis research, application research, evaluation of medicine function mechanism and treatment effect, and the like, by using acute and chronic myocardial ischemia model of rat as a platform. The rat respiratory mask of the invention consists of a rat jaw fixer (figure 1), a mask body (figure 2), a tooth protection gap (figure 3), a mask fixer (figure 4), a mask air inlet pipe (figure 5), a mask exhaust pipe (figure 6) and an exhaust pipe resistance adjuster (figure 7); wherein, the jaw fixer is made of metal material; the front end of the jaw fixer is an open ellipse and used for fixing the head of the rat; the center of the front part of the mask is provided with a gap which is called the tooth protection gap which has the effect of protecting the fore-teeth of the rat against damage; the mask fixer is arranged at the rear part of the mask; two sides of the mask are respectively provided with an elastic ring which has an effect of fixing the mask; the bottom of the mask is respectively provided with the mask air inlet pipe and the exhaust pipe; the air inlet pipe is connected with the air outlet of a respiratory machine; the end of the mask exhaust pipe is provided with a resistance adjuster which is used for adjusting the pressure in the aspiratory mask.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is applicable in the medical science cardiovascular field that with the acute and chronic myocardial infarction and ischemia model of rat be the research of basic research, applied research and mechanism of drug action of platform and evaluation of therapeutic effect etc.
Background technology
Myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction and heart failure are the big killers of one in the human diseases, cause the great attention of domestic and international medical circle already, and its research also constantly deeply, has obtained gratifying achievements.But a large amount of mechanism research and drug research are all based on acute myocardial ischemia, and it is fewer for the research of chronic myocardial ischemia, one of them most important reason is: the success rate of rat chronic myocardial infarction and ischemia model preparation is low, mortality rate is high, experimental period is long etc., the bottleneck problem that these have become chronic myocardial ischemia research is not well solved for a long time.At these problems, we analyze and add up the reason of rats death, discovery has only 6% to be to cause owing to serious arrhythmia occurring in the rat of death, the 4%th because in the art and postoperative thoracic cavity internal hemorrhage cause, and 90% be because respiratory tract obstruction/suffocate cause.Therefore, can draw clearly, in the preparation process of rat chronic myocardial infarction and ischemia model, the main cause that causes rats death is a respiratory tract obstruction.
Why in the model preparation respiratory tract obstruction appears easily? we have carried out serial animal animal experiment study with regard to its reason, find to open the front and will carry out tracheotomy, intubate and connect respirator practicing artificial respiration in traditional rat heart muscle ischemia operation.Can cause two results like this: rat is under narcotism on the one hand, and the secretions in the respiratory tract can increase, and damages intima of the trachea and can stimulate after the tracheal intubation with part, causes that the secretions in the respiratory tract further increases; Because of the circulation of qi promoting cannula, block the air communication mistake of the respiration channel more than the tracheal intubation on the other hand, will quicken the interior secretions retrogradation of upper respiratory tract and the process of incrustation like this.Therefore, when operation enters into tracheorrhaphy, dyspnea will occur at once, serious meeting is died because of being choked to death.Experiment is further found, ductus nasopharyngeus is narrow or to stop up be the immediate cause that causes dyspnea or suffocate, owing to blocked the air communication mistake of upper respiratory tract behind the tracheostomy tube, add the characteristics that ductus nasopharyngeus is elongated, secretions causes the obstruction at this position easily, finds that also rat is bad to breathe this characteristic with mouth simultaneously under narcotism.Therefore, how to prevent the stenosis or occlusion of ductus nasopharyngeus, just become the critical problem that the rat chronic myocardial infarction and ischemia model prepares success or not.On this basis, we consider to adopt the method for rat breathing mask, keep the whole respiratory tract of rat and keep the ventilation of physiological status to flow through journey, can solve this subject matter effectively.
Summary of the invention
Rat breathing mask is made up of rat jawbone holder (Fig. 1 1.), mask body (Fig. 1 2.), tooth protection breach (Fig. 1 3.), face shield holder (Fig. 1 4.), face shield air inlet pipe (Fig. 1 5.), face shield exhaustor (Fig. 1 6.) and exhaustor dragulator (Fig. 1 7.).The jawbone holder is made by metal material, and front end is the ellipse of opening, and its diameter scalable mainly act as the fixedly head of rat; The rear end is that two parallel tinsels are fixed on the rat operating-table.There is a breach to claim the tooth protection breach in the forward central authorities of mask body, plays the effect that protection rat front tooth is avoided damaging.The face shield holder is positioned at the rear portion of face shield, and a root bark muscle is respectively installed in both sides, plays the fixation of face shield to rat with going up behind the face shield to link to each other with operating-table by rubber band.Bottom at face shield has been installed face shield air inlet pipe and exhaustor respectively, and wherein air inlet pipe links to each other with the respirator gas outlet; End at exhaustor is installed dragulator, is used for regulating the pressure in the breathing mask.
We carry out the design and the application experiment work of rat breathing mask first, its purpose be exactly for solve rat in art and postoperative can keep ductus nasopharyngeus to have air communication to cross and not blocked, effectively prevent the dyspnea that the rat postoperative occurs or the problem of serious respiratory tract obstruction such as suffocate.Up to the present, do not see the report and the product of relevant rat breathing mask aspect as yet.Therefore, we under can the situation of reference without any data, the completely independent design and fabrication work of carrying out the rat face shield.
In design and fabrication, solved the critical problem aspect following four emphatically:
(1) the exterior design problem of rat face shield
Will 1, the size of face shield be wrapped up the last lower jaw of rat? if like this, the volume of face shield and inner chamber all can be bigger, can bring many unfavorable factors to breathing.We are bad at the characteristics of breathing with mouth according to rat under anesthesia, when the design face shield, the size of face shield is only wrapped up the upper jaw and nose portion and do not wrapped up lower jaw, experimental results show that it is feasible.
2, lower incisor is long especially on the rat, and becomes flexible than being easier to, in case cause damage, can bring very big trouble to the raising of postoperative, seriously influences the quality of life of postoperative rat, even can die of hunger because of not taking food.Therefore, we consider this problem fully in the design of face shield, stay breach (tooth protection breach) at face shield near upper jaw front tooth place, to avoid damaging front tooth because of the band breathing mask.
3, how to keep good seal after on the face shield band? we make full use of the anatomical structure of rat nose, lip, find that the lip of rat upper jaw both sides is relatively more flourishing, and mobility is bigger.Like this, be with behind the face shield as two can active sealing ring, kept the good seal of face shield.
(2) the face shield air inlet and the problem of giving vent to anger
The human breathing mask generally has only an admission line, and giving vent to anger is that the initial approach to become a Buddhist believer of giving vent to anger by on the face shield is controlled, and the volume ratio of face shield is bigger.And the breathing mask volume of rat is little, all exists problem on valve making, installation and technology.Therefore, in order to solve the problem of giving vent to anger of rat breathing mask, we have installed air inlet and discharge duct respectively in the bottom of the breathing mask of rat, air inlet pipe links to each other with the gas outlet of respirator, end at discharge duct is installed dragulator, be used for regulating the pressure in the breathing mask, thereby keep the respiratory function of rat, fundamentally solve the air inlet of face shield and the problem of giving vent to anger.
(3) the face shield dead space and with the connectivity problem of respirator
In order to reduce the dead space of breathing mask as far as possible, in the design of face shield with make its size and match with the rat face as far as possible.And make full use of rat and under narcotism, be bad to breathe this characteristic with mouth, with the upper jaw face that only wraps up rat of respiratory face mask design, further reduced the dead space in the face shield.Rat is after opening breast in addition, and the intake resistance of lung can increase, and adds that the rat ductus nasopharyngeus is elongated, has significantly increased the resistance of air inlet.Have only by increasing air inflow and just can overcome its resistance and make atelectasis.According to these characteristics, what we adopted is that single tube connects the breathing method, only taps into trachea and the escape pipe end connects dragulator, adjusts the resistance of expiration pipeline by actuator, keeps the pressure in the face shield.The resistance that makes outlet pipe is a little less than lung resistance, and the pressure in the early stage face shield of air inlet is lower than lung resistance and is higher than the resistance of discharge duct like this, and gas remaining in the face shield can be discharged by outlet pipe.Thereby, guarantee that entering IA gas is the ozone or the gas of oxygenation, thoroughly overcome and breathed the influence that dead space brought.If ventilation is excessive, too much gas can be discharged by discharge duct, can avoid causing owing to ventilation is excessive the damage of alveolar equally.
(4) fixation problem of face shield and rat head
As long as is people's breathing mask after being fixed on brain with elastic cord, and how the breathing mask of rat is fixed? begin us and respectively load onto a rubber band in the both sides of face shield, be with face shield to buckle after, respectively rubber band is fixed on the both sides of operating-table, the result is failure.The reason of failure is, the head of rat, and is offset to both sides to retraction along with the pulling force of face shield both sides rubber band.Therefore, how fixedly can draw the fixed key of face shield and rat head and be the head of rat, allow its can not about, move left and right.Through experiment repeatedly, find that the jawbone angle, both sides of rat is more outstanding, if the fixing fixation problem that just can solve breathing mask of method is arranged.Therefore, we design and produce out rat neck jawbone holder, have well solved the fixation problem of breathing mask and head
In order to verify the operating position of breathing mask, we compare traditional rat heart muscle ischemia model manufacture method and the manufacture method of using breathing mask to carry out myocardial infarction and ischemia model.The result proves, adopts the method for breathing mask to have the simplification operation process, reduces operation risk, has improved the success rate of model preparation and the survival rate of postoperative animal significantly.
1, simplifies operation process: 1. significantly shortened operating time.Doing a myocardial infarction and ischemia model with traditional method need be with the time about 1 hour.Adopt the method for breathing mask, can remove the operation of rat neck from, finish a myocardial infarction and ischemia model and only need 25 minutes, work efficiency can improve four times.2. reduced the chance of postoperative infection.Cervical region is postoperative easy infection district, its cutis laxa, and the blood fortune of tissue is abundant, and temperature is suitable, is the good bacterial growth and the culture medium of breeding.Adopt the method for breathing mask, can remove the operation of rat neck from, thoroughly eliminated the chance of cervical infection.
2, reduce operation risk: 1. reduce hemorrhage in the operation process.The effective circulating blood volume of rat own has only several milliliters, and hemorrhage all have very large influence to the observation of rat integrality, hemodynamic index, experimental result and the recovery of postoperative, and prevention and minimizing intraoperative hemorrhage are very important.Adopt the method for breathing mask, removed the operation of rat neck from, effectively prevent and reduced the chance of intraoperative hemorrhage.2. thoroughly solved the breathing problem of rat postoperative.Respiratory tract obstruction is to influence the greatest factor that the rat heart muscle ischemia model prepares success or not.Adopt the method for breathing mask, got rid of on the one hand because of tracheotomy and intubate to stimulation and damage that trachea causes, reduced the endocrine generation of trachea; On the other hand, adopt the method for breathing mask, make ductus nasopharyngeus and whole respiration channel keep near the gas flow under the physiological status.And then promoted the absorption of respiratory secretions, and prevented effectively that respiratory secretions is dry because of the air-flow blocking-up, incrustation, guaranteed that the breathing of rat postoperative is unobstructed.
The development of rat breathing mask and application have fundamentally thoroughly solved the bottleneck problem in the chronic myocardial ischemia model preparation process.In addition, can shorten operating time significantly, significantly improve work efficiency, reduce the infection of the hemorrhage prevention of postoperative in the art, particularly well solve rat because of the obstruction in various degree of postoperative respiratory tract generation or the problem of suffocating.The success rate that makes rat chronic myocardial infarction and ischemia model preparation brings up to 90% by original about 50%, and the survival rate of model preparation has obtained important breakthrough.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1: rat breathing mask sketch map.
Fig. 2: rat breathing mask connection diagram
The specific embodiment
The application of breathing mask in the preparation of rat chronic myocardial infarction and ischemia model, Fig. 2 is seen in the method for attachment of use.
1, anesthesia: adopt 3% pentobarbital sodium (40-50mg/kg) lumbar injection, rat is fixed on it on rat operating-table with dorsal position later by fiber crops, extremity connect electrocardio and lead line, cervical region jawbone holder is installed its head is fixed, and cut off the hair in thoracic operation zone and carry out disinfection.
2, go conventional open chest surgery, before opening pleura, put on breathing mask and connect animal respirator to rat.
3, behind the ligation coronary artery, in the thoracic cavity, put into drainage tube, a layer-by-layer suture then.Wait to get rid of and extract drainage tube in the thoracic cavity behind the gas, take off breathing mask, rat recovers autonomous respiration, and skin suture also carries out disinfection, and withdraws operating-table, and rat is put into rearging cage with the lateral position posture.
4, clinical follow, this moment, rats breathing was steady, if dyspnea, may be relevant with following factors.When 1. closing breast in the thoracic cavity gas do not drained.2. airtight bad in thoracic cavity.3. have progressive hemorrhage in the thoracic cavity.Above-mentioned several situation can cause that all negative pressure reduces in the thoracic cavity, causes pulmonary atelectasis and causes that dyspnea and carrying out property increase the weight of even dead.
Claims (1)
1. one kind is used for the rat breathing mask that myocardial infarction and ischemia model prepares, form by mask body, fixing band, jawbone holder three parts, it is characterized in that: mask body: be cylindrical structural, front end has one and the sizable breach of rat front tooth (tooth protection breach), the bottom connects admission line and outlet pipe, at the end connection dragulator of outlet pipe; Fixing band: the both sides that are installed in the face shield bottom respectively have one, are used for the fixing of face shield and rat women's head-ornaments portion; The jawbone holder: make for the semiellipse type of opening has certain malleable metal wire, semielliptical diameter can be regulated, and main effect is the jawbone that is used for fixing rat head, strengthens and the fixing of stable face shield and rat women's head-ornaments portion.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2008101509278A CN101357082B (en) | 2008-09-12 | 2008-09-12 | Rat breathing mask |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2008101509278A CN101357082B (en) | 2008-09-12 | 2008-09-12 | Rat breathing mask |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN101357082A true CN101357082A (en) | 2009-02-04 |
| CN101357082B CN101357082B (en) | 2010-07-28 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN2008101509278A Expired - Fee Related CN101357082B (en) | 2008-09-12 | 2008-09-12 | Rat breathing mask |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102727974A (en) * | 2012-04-28 | 2012-10-17 | 中国人民解放军第三军医大学第二附属医院 | Mouse aeration device |
| CN102935017A (en) * | 2012-09-25 | 2013-02-20 | 中国人民解放军第四军医大学 | General fixing device for breathing masks of rats and mice |
| CN103445880A (en) * | 2013-09-13 | 2013-12-18 | 天津开发区合普工贸有限公司 | Gas single flow direction animal mouth and nose type inhalation toxicology face mask |
| CN104771245A (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2015-07-15 | 河南省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所 | Large animal inhalational anaesthetic mask |
| CN108578012A (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2018-09-28 | 上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院 | A kind of rat rhinostegnosis device |
-
2008
- 2008-09-12 CN CN2008101509278A patent/CN101357082B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102727974A (en) * | 2012-04-28 | 2012-10-17 | 中国人民解放军第三军医大学第二附属医院 | Mouse aeration device |
| CN102935017A (en) * | 2012-09-25 | 2013-02-20 | 中国人民解放军第四军医大学 | General fixing device for breathing masks of rats and mice |
| CN102935017B (en) * | 2012-09-25 | 2015-10-21 | 中国人民解放军第四军医大学 | Large and small Mus breathing mask Universal fixer |
| CN103445880A (en) * | 2013-09-13 | 2013-12-18 | 天津开发区合普工贸有限公司 | Gas single flow direction animal mouth and nose type inhalation toxicology face mask |
| CN103445880B (en) * | 2013-09-13 | 2015-04-22 | 天津开发区合普工贸有限公司 | Gas single flow direction animal mouth and nose type inhalation toxicology face mask |
| CN104771245A (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2015-07-15 | 河南省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所 | Large animal inhalational anaesthetic mask |
| CN108578012A (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2018-09-28 | 上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院 | A kind of rat rhinostegnosis device |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101357082B (en) | 2010-07-28 |
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Granted publication date: 20100728 Termination date: 20130912 |