VIESEL
The reference of related application
The application's case advocates to apply for the right of priority of numbering 60/739,673 U.S. Provisional Application case on November 25th, 2005 and applying for U.S.'s non-provisional application case on November 21st, 2006; Denomination of invention VIESEL; Contriver TIM WETZEL
Technical field
On the whole, the present invention relates to the engine fuel field.More specifically, the present invention relates to by a small amount of petrochemical diesel fuel combination volume depleted vegetables or animal oil, and further with the composition of the made mixing engine fuel of the mixture upgrading of stablizing chemical agent.The gained compound fuel is specially adapted to the application by diesel motor, also uses applicable to other fuel and heat energy.The present invention further is applicable to as mechanical internal lubricant.The present invention also provides the relevant necessary method of this compound fuel of making.
Background technology
Because the supply of inorganic hydrocarbon fuel reduces day by day, exploitation has been instant society and economic problem by renewable resource deutero-alternative fuel.Natural, biosynthesizing oils especially by plant seed or by the oils that other plant constituent or plant waste obtained, are represented the feasible terms of settlement of supply of fuel problem.Except processing and transportation cost, but these natural fuel can not have influence on the usage quantity of fossil fuel.
Moreover, consider global warming, plant oil fuel this as " neutral carbon " (carbon-neutral) and in burning the time do not increase atmospheric environment percent of greenhouse gases or concentration of carbon dioxide substantially.Vegetables oil is finally produced by photosynthesis, uses in the atmosphere carbonic acid gas as carbon source, so the burning of these oils mainly makes carbon circulate in environment and do not increase the total carbon burden.For actual purpose, be supplied as limited oil fuel with respect to geology, plant oil fuel is reproducible certainly.
Waste vegetable oil (Waste vegetable oil (WVO)) is rich in energy derive for what can obtain in a large number, is derived from food mfg industry and uses vegetables oil as fried dose byproduct.For example, wherein a kind of common WVO, the color that is produced during as fried media because of it is called " butter " YG.Other exhausted frying oil or fat are as derived from the butter of beef fat and derived from the lard of pork fat, because its high energy content also is potential fuel.WVO, YG, lard and exhausted butter need be regenerated or further be used in and be prevented to pile up and environmental pollution.The purposes attractive, that meet economy that increases gradually of these wastes is the raw materials that act as a fuel.
Biofuel (biodiesel) has been common in commerce, and the vegetables oil that comprises WVO for a kind of employing is as an example that is the alternative fuel of raw material.Biofuel produces the recyclable fuel of reproducible methylethyl fatty acid ester for using basic catalyst by the transesterification reaction (transesterification) of vegetables oil.These ester classes subsequently by single from producing cleaning by reaction mixture, being rich in the diesel oil fuel material of energy.
Generally speaking, the oil that biodiesel fuel mixes as fuel of diesel oil or No. two fuel of diesel oil is that main diesel oil fuel mixes, manufacturing has acceptable performance and stores the compound fuel (general-quality criteria of diesel oil fuel is formulated by the ASTM of american society for testing and materials, and the standard of diesel oil fuel is ASTM 975) of quality.For example, B20 is for mixing the composite biodiesel fuel of 20% biofuel and 80% petrifaction diesel (volume ratio).Similarly, the B50 biofuel contains 50% biofuel (volume ratio).
B20 is the diesel oil fuel of high expectations, and more commercialization recently has good cetane value (cetane rating) and other advantageous feature.The B20 sulfur-bearing is less than No. two fuel of diesel oil, is mainly no sulphur because of giving birth to the matter fuel composition, so B20 and the burning of other biofuel compounding mixture are all more cleaned than No. two fuel of diesel oil itself.B20 meet be in particular biofuel quality and performance fixed ASTM standard 6751.
Yet biodiesel fuel has its shortcoming.Become known for making pure composition, the especially methyl alcohol of biofuel, have toxicity and palpus special operational.These pure composition highly volatiles and highly inflammable have explosivity.The reaction basic catalyst, sodium hydroxide commonly used also is highly corrosive and nocuous material, needs special container and careful disposal.In addition, the relatively avirulent by product of transesterification reaction, glycerine need store and dispose.
The present invention is for to respond above-mentioned shortcoming.Main purpose of the present invention is for a kind of more burning of cleaning is provided, and is more efficient, effective fuel for diesel engines and other application more cheaply.Extend the compound fuel mixture that makes up with the relative a small amount of of petrochemical diesel fuel for vegetables oil and animal oils.Vegetables oil and animal oils are preferably waste oils.For acceptable fuel characteristic is provided, this compound fuel further mixes with the compounding mixture of chemical modifier in a small amount, is generically and collectively referred to as " stablizer " mix.
The mixture of being finished has excellent lubrication character.Compound fuel is the more inexpensive manufacturing and the disadvantageous by product of environment of its manufacturing processed generation minimum quantity than biofuel.This specification sheets discloses the composition and the manufacture method of novel compound fuel and lubricant.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is for providing main by depleted plant or animal-origin and mix the compound diesel fuel that minimum quantity petrifaction diesel raw material is obtained.
Another object of the present invention can be used in the standard diesel motor for providing, and engine is without the fuel of any transformation.For this reason, this fuel should meet for management and is used in standard A STM 6751 and the ASTM 975 that the biofuel quality of diesel motor sets.
Another object of the present invention is to be provided in engine or burner use is compared pollution fuel still less with commercial diesel fuels.
A further object of the present invention is for providing in fact by plant or the initial biosynthesizing oil institute deutero-diesel motor power lubrication agent of animal.
A further object of the present invention is for providing friendly and lower-cost diesel oil and biofuel surrogate to environment.
The inventor has found that the commercial diesel fuels of 10% to 50% scope and effectively burns up to the mixture of 90% waste vegetable oil and animal oil good mixing and at diesel motor.When test, compared to No. two fuel of diesel oil, there is not the loss of tangible engine horsepower and engine torque, and N/R engine loss.Partly, because than low sulfur content, compound fuel pollutes for low compared to petrochemical diesel fuel.Field test is presented in the extreme weather condition compound fuel and still has an effect.
Diesel oil fuel act as lubricant for the working part of the diesel motor that contacts with fuel.Except that acting as a fuel, when compared to No. two, diesel oil, the present invention also act as the enhanced lubricant simultaneously.One benefit is for reducing the pinking or the off time of diesel motor.
The sulphur content of the United States Federal's method change diesel oil fuel in 1993 is for being lower than 500ppm (1,000,000 umber).The result that do not expected of this change is that the processing that is used to remove sulphur impurity also reduces oilness.This difficulty overcomes by the present invention.Because fuel of the present invention can be used as lubricant, the running of diesel motor is comparatively quiet, can keep horsepower and increase fuel economy benefit because of less frictionloss.
In order to finish the present invention,, also need to regulate by other composition (be generically and collectively referred to as " stablizer ") by the premixture that simple mixing obtained of commercial diesel fuels and biosynthesizing waste oil.Partially, to make the mixture of this petrochemical diesel fuel and biosynthesizing oil reach with commercial diesel fuels be identical oilness, cast rate and flow velocity to the stablizer that adds in a small amount.In addition, stablizer is kept the required n-Hexadecane of fuel, cleaning source from the oily solid of injection port, lubricated diesel motor part, aqueous contamination is gone emulsification, protection fuel to avoid gelation and reduced the discharging (when comparing with the petrifaction diesel composition of compound fuel) of sulphur.
In order to adjust the utilizability of plant and animal waste oils, most known commercial can be individually with abendoned oil or are used in compounding mixture in combination.Biosynthesizing oil can be fresh, but is preferably regenerated.In all situations, these oil should by via the manufacture method that is hereinafter disclosed (with reference to A.
Manufacture method of the present invention) filter and modify.
The petrifaction diesel composition can be diesel oil No. one, No. two, diesel oil or agricultural diesel oil fuel.Petrifaction diesel is used in combination in the time of can using separately or need.
Be used in this paper, word " vegetables oil " refers to the abiogenous oil derived from plant origin.These vegetables oil can in collect the back directly use (direct vegetables oil, straight vegetable oil, SVO) or the regeneration back as WVO.Word " animal oil " refers to oil and the lard derived from animal tallow and oil.Word " biosynthesizing oil " refers to vegetables oil and both any combinations of animal oil.Word " oil " refers to the hydrocarbon that obtained by mineral or geology source.Word herein " fuel " is used for censuring any fuel that can be used in diesel motor or burner (as heating boiler or fireplace).
Be used in this paper, word " diesel oil fuel " is interpreted as referring to be used in and carries out compression-ignition engine but not spark ignition engine causes the fuel of internal combustion, and these these engines of other places use diesel oil to be thermal source usually.
In herein, word " biofuel " refers to plant-derived oil sources institute synthetic diesel oil fuel, and wherein primary glycerol fatty acid ester replaces by the fatty acid ester of transesterify by low mass molecule alcohol.Described low mass molecule alcohol such as methyl alcohol and ethanol.
The word " compound fuel " that is used in this paper refers to be suitable for operating the oil of diesel motor, biosynthesizing oil or gives birth to some mixture of matter fuel.
Petrochemical diesel fuel is collected in the distillment that atmosphere is pressed on the boiling separatory of about 250 to 350 ℃ of temperature ranges by crude oil.Herein, word " No. one, diesel oil " or " No. two, diesel oil " referring to respectively must low boiling composition and higher ebullient composition in this separatory.In herein, word " agricultural diesel oil fuel " refers to contain higher concentration sulphur and mainly is used in the low-qualityer petrochemical diesel fuel of agricultural simultaneously.Agricultural diesel oil fuel is (untaxed) free of tax, and is also referred to as because admixture red pigments and other diesel oil are distinguished " red diesel oil "
Be used in this paper, word " stablizer " or " stabilizer blend " of equal value are further modification or modify compound fuel to obtain the composition combination of better storage properties or combustionproperty.Being exemplified as of these fuel performances: oilness, flow velocity, cast, gelling temperature, discharge quality, cetane value, uniformity, sanitising agent effect, microorganism growth etc.When specifying, word " stabilizer blend " is instructed in the composition of following table 1.
During word " premixture " refers to that the present invention makes, before stablizer adds, the mixture of diesel oil fuel and biosynthesizing fuel.
Embodiment
The present invention is a hybrid fuel composition, and it is mixed with volume biosynthesizing oil and stablizer and is formed by a small amount of petrochemical diesel fuel.Its content is represented with volume percent.The petrochemical diesel fuel composition is selected from following cohort: No. one, diesel oil, No. two, diesel oil and agricultural diesel oil fuel.The biosynthesizing oil component is selected from following cohort: peanut oil, vegetable shortenings, cottonseed oil, soya-bean oil, wine stone oil, rape seed oil, plam oil, waste vegetable oil, butter, lard and butter.The present invention also comprises the method for making this compound fuel necessity.
Biosynthesizing oil can be SVO or original oil-generating, just is not used in any other order ground, but is preferably the regenerated abendoned oil; These individual species can see through any ratio and be used in combination.It will be understood by a person skilled in the art that discarded culinary art oil can comprise the indivedual oil components of any of these and organize other any combination, the fat that is extracted in fried as food.
The invention of finishing further contains the stabilizer blend that become by following additives: keep and be higher than the required cetane value of petrochemical diesel fuel additive, by sanitising agent effect cleaning source from the solid additive of fuel system, design by diesel oil fuel keep the additive of the oilness of diesel motor part, single dried up additive and anti-freezing peptizing agent by the compound fuel de-emulsifier.The present invention who finishes itself act as the biocide of controlling microbial growth.
Cubing, this compound fuel contain 10% to 50% the fossil fuel composition of having an appointment, and are preferably about 10% fossil fuel composition.This compound fuel contains 90% to about 50% the biosynthesizing oil component of having an appointment, and is preferably about 90% biosynthesizing oil component.This compound fuel contains the stablizer of cubing about 0.086% to about 0.17%, is preferably about 0.086% stabilizer blend.
The main component of stablizer is shown in table 1:
Table 1
Function |
Composition |
(v/v%) |
Cetane number booster |
The 1-vinyl-acetic ester |
About 6 to 8% |
|
The heavy aromatic solvent petroleum naphtha |
About 10 to 14% |
|
5-pentenyl succinimide |
About 1 to 2% |
|
Ethylbenzene |
About 3 to 6% |
|
Nitric acid 2-(ethyl hexyl) ester |
About 29 to 31% |
|
1 |
About 2 to 4% |
|
1-(methylethyl) benzene |
About 0.1% |
|
Dimethylbenzene |
About 20 to 23% |
De-emulsifier |
Butoxy ethanol |
About 6 to 8% |
|
2-Ethylhexyl Alcohol |
About 0.1% |
Sanitising agent |
1-hydroxyl-3,6 two oxa-octanes |
About 0.4% |
Lubricant |
Yatall MA (tall oil) lipid acid |
About 1.0% |
The anti-freezing peptizing agent |
The lightweight solvent naphtha |
About 10 to 14% |
In the table 1, " heavy aromatic solvent petroleum naphtha " is the petroleum naphtha separatory at 140 to 240 (60 ℃ to 116 ℃) scope ebullient.The lightweight solvent naphtha is at 120 to 200 (49 ℃ to 93 ℃) scope ebullient petroleum naphtha separatory." dimethylbenzene " be 1,2-, 1,3-or 1, any mixture of 4-dimethyl benzene." ready denier oil acid " be fatty acid mixt, obtained by the Yatall MA of Pulp industry byproduct.Contain of the fractionation acquisition of the ready denier oil acid of 1 to 10% rosin content by Yatall MA.
Those skilled in the art should know that unidentified impurity atom in a small amount is that nature is presented in the material of listing in table 1, and apparent the landing of these impurity influences the effect of mixture.
A. manufacture method of the present invention
Pass through 25 microns primary or depleted biosynthesizing oil of the temperature range pre-filtering of polyester filter between about 105 to 125 (40.6 ℃ to 51.7 ℃) in original position or other position.The humidity of analysis of mixtures, insolubles, not saponified (MIU).This not saponifiable content should be and be equal to or less than 1.5%.Filter with another 25 microns polyester filter in about 105 °F to 120 °F (40.6 ℃ to 48.9 ℃) again.Then, filter at once by 10 microns polyester filter in identical about 105 to 120 temperature range.Again by 5 microns polyester filter filtering mixts.Filtrate was left standstill in cone tanks 3 hours.Remove settling by the cone tanks bottom.Add the petrifaction diesel (volume ratio) of 10% to 50% (v/v) and mix in about 110 °F (43.3 ℃).Leave standstill and do not stir about 120 minutes.
Mixed 60 minutes to mixture interpolation stablizer (0.086% to 0.17%v/v%) and in about 100 °F (37.8 ℃).Mixture moves to cone tanks, is stored in room temperature.Mixture was left standstill 2 hours.Remove settling by cone tanks bottom, by 5 microns polyester filter filtering mixts to temporary tank.Mobile mixture and use liquid separation MODEL C INC whizzer in 2700rpm ROT13 minute.The compound fuel of finishing moves to storage tanks.
B. example
Be useful on (composition A) in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the stabilizer blend of getting 6 gallons (22.7 liters) is added into total 7000 gallon (26,500 liters) 70%WVO and the premixture of No. two, 30% diesel oil, making final stabilizer concentration is 0.086% (v/v).Typical batch capacity is 7,000 gallons.It will be understood by a person skilled in the art that the stablizer addition changes along with filtering oil viscosity; Limpid more clean biosynthesizing oil, the stablizer that is added is few more.Yet which kind of biosynthesizing oil component no matter, its minimum addition is that premixture per 1,167 gallon (4,418 liters) is 1 gallon (0.086%v/v).
In another example (composition B), get 12 gallons (45.4 liters, 0.17%v/v) stabilizer blend be added into total 7,000 gallons (26, the premixture that No. two, 70% butter 500L) and 30% diesel oil.Because the viscosity ratio of premixture by the height of WVO prescription, needs the stablizer of additional quantity.
Following other example explanation based on volume, is applicable to other useful composition of the present invention of different fuel applications and envrionment conditions.The example of following composition is that the total premixture volume with 7000 gallons (26,500 liters) is the basis.
Use composition C winter, the condition of driving path or non-driving path: No. one, 45% diesel oil No. two+5% diesel oil (25%WVO+25% butter+)+12 gallons of stabilizer mixture (0.17%v/v).
Composition D, the condition of driving path or non-driving path: No. two, 45% diesel oil (55% butter+)+12 gallons of stabilizer mixture (0.17%v/v).
Use composition E summer, road or off-highroad condition: (No. two, 55%WVO+45% diesel oil)+12 gallons of stabilizer mixture (0.17%v/v).
Composition F, the condition of driving path or non-driving path: (No. two, 70%WVO+30% diesel oil)+12 gallons of stabilizer mixture (0.17%v/v).
C. road test
Two Ford F-350 diesel trucks that adopt the identical motor of tool, transmission system, drive route, rear end gear ratio, car age and mileage number are in summer (2003 August) and winter (2003 February) field condition test.One truck refuels for No. two with diesel oil, and another truck refuels with the present invention (composition A).
Two decometer cars are all with the normal regular works situation 375 miles roads of travelling.After the test in August, be 90 °F (32.2 ℃), compare the fuel economy (fuel economy) that shows increase by 3.4% with the truck that refuels for No. two with diesel oil with the truck that composition A refuels in envrionment temperature.
Two decometer cars are similarly to test in February of 36 (2.2 ℃) in envrionment temperature.Again, the truck that refuels with composition A is compared the fuel economy that shows increase about 3% with the truck that refuels for No. two with diesel oil.
Two decometer cars are all with Oregon ambient air quality control (Oregon Departmentof Environmental and Air Quality Control (DEQ)) test hydrocarbon and sulphur gas purging.With composition A truck that refuels and the discharging of comparing the hydrocarbon of reduction by 60% with the truck of diesel oil oiling.As for oxysulfide SO
x, the SO of the truck discharging 615ppm that refuels with diesel oil
xRelatively, the truck that refuels with the present invention only discharges the SO of 300ppm
x
The truck that refuels with the present invention does not have loss of horsepower.The truck that refuels with No. two, diesel oil has bigger difficulty and exhaust more when cold start-up.The truck that refuels with composition A can more quietly start and have less engine knock reaction when idle, point out that it has better oilness and combustioncharacteristics.
When all automotive fittingss (for example air conditioning machinery, receiving set, car light, loudspeaker etc.) when all opening, the truck that refuels with composition A does not have apparent vibrations with respect to the truck that refuels with diesel oil.
When this two decometers car is drawn the trailer of 2 tons of (1800 kilograms) loadings, add the weight of trailer own, when travelling on upward slope and rugged road surface, the truck that refuels with composition A is compared with the truck that refuels with diesel oil and is easy to pulling and quickens, and the oilness and the engine horsepower of the improvement that composition A is provided is described.
Though the present invention illustrates that with above-mentioned cited example any the present invention of it will be understood by a person skilled in the art that is not exceeded with above-mentioned example.In the spirit and category of claim of the present invention, the present invention can have the change and the variation of enforcement.Therefore description and example are the unrestricted the present invention of explanation.