CN101355883A - Cryogenic peeling process - Google Patents
Cryogenic peeling process Download PDFInfo
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- CN101355883A CN101355883A CNA2006800351389A CN200680035138A CN101355883A CN 101355883 A CN101355883 A CN 101355883A CN A2006800351389 A CNA2006800351389 A CN A2006800351389A CN 200680035138 A CN200680035138 A CN 200680035138A CN 101355883 A CN101355883 A CN 101355883A
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- agricultural product
- freezing
- peeling
- tomato
- vegetables
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a method for peeling a fruit or vegetable, in particular the method is directed to a cryogenic peeling process, where the fruit or vegetable surface is cryogenically frozen and the skin is thawed before the peel/skin is removed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method, particularly a kind of method to the tomato peeling from the agricultural product peeling.Especially, before the skin of tomato is removed, this method surface of cryogenically freezing tomato.
Background technology
From agricultural product, be fruits and vegetables to remove crust be the known processes that is called peeling, before agricultural product are further processed, typically need described peeling.Peeling helps the processing of agricultural product and outward appearance, quality, texture and the taste of processed agricultural product.Effectively peeling method keeps the pulp of agricultural product as much as possible, and agricultural product are caused minimum damage and do not change the quality or the taste of described agricultural product.
For many years, used multiple diverse ways to come, particularly tomato to agricultural peeling.The personal development method of some non-commercializations, comprise manual peeling, with chemical mediator be sprayed on the skin, mechanical means, heating peeling, cold peeling with and combination.These methods concentrate on the damage that skin is separated and the meat of agricultural product is caused minimum from meat.The method of non-commercial typically causes for the damage of agricultural product meat less, but unfriendly, this be labour-intensive type and during described process, need the individual to come to agricultural peeling.
For to a large amount of agricultural peelings, developed industry/coml method.The industrial peeling method of being found in described industry comprises from the meat of agricultural product and chemically or mechanically removes described epidermis.These peeling methods do not need the individual manually to remove described skin, but depend on the method for continued operation on the commercial scale or the skin that manufacturing system removes described agricultural product.Currently be used in industrial commercial run and comprise alkali lye peeling and steam peeling.
The alkali lye peeling relates to tomato is immersed in the alkaline solution, effluent of heat or to tomato sprays alkaline solution, effluent, for example NaOH (NaOH) or potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution.The skin of the softening tomato of described alkaline solution allows to remove single thin layer, and it is motionless that meat almost keeps.The shortcoming of this method is to need basic matterial, cause the dangerous of operating personnel and in being discharged into environment before need to handle described effluent.
The steam peeling is to remove employed other method in the industrial environment that removes of tomato skin.In the method, tomato is exposed to tomato, makes described skin fluff thus, remove described skin by mechanical device then.This method is than alkali lye peeling environmental friendliness more, but do not obtain the meat of as much after peeling.This steam peeling method is defective, because because some skins reservations adhere on the meat and because the cause part meat of steam is cooked, and described method causes some relatively poor products, this has just produced the product of mashed shape.
Like this, need have a kind of method to agricultural peeling, described method has realized that optimum peeling removes, and the loss of agricultural product meat minimum output, and produces firmer and final peeling product that be easy to further processing.Required method is implemented with continuous or process in batches, and described process is used for the industry of agricultural peeling or commercial processing.Further, need the byproduct of peeling process not need extra processing requirements.
Summary of the invention
The present invention relates to a kind of method from agricultural product (for example fruits and vegetables, particularly tomato) peeling.Described method is unique because the invention provides a kind of improved commercial run that is used for from tomato peeling, and produced have the more solid meat that makes things convenient for following process by peeling tomato product.
Described method is from obtaining a large amount of agricultural product.Described agricultural product can be fruit, vegetables or its combination, and after this described agricultural product will be called " vegetables ".Type of vegetables and amount depend on the final products that need or the following process method is utilized.Described vegetables at first are cleaned and classify to remove vegetables not.
After vegetables were cleaned and classify, described vegetables are exposed to freezed medium.The described medium that freezes can be an alloy known in the industry, for example liquid nitrogen, Freon 12, chilled brine, liquid oxygen, argon or its combination.Any medium that freezes can use, as long as the surface of the described vegetables of its quick freezing.
After freezing the surface of vegetables, vegetables are maintained at room temperature and continue for some time.Described vegetables are placed in the hot water bath thawing with the epidermis that quickens vegetables then.Between frost free period, have only vegetable surface to allow to thaw, and the meat of vegetables maintenance is freezing.Any method can be used for apace the surface of vegetables being heated, and thaw thus described surface and the meat that is tied on the skin are freezing as long as the part of vegetables meat keeps.
After the permission skin thawed, vegetables were processed by any peeling equipment known in the industry.Preferably, described peeling equipment is to be used for the mechanical barking equipment that separates from the peeling of the meat of vegetables and the parts further processed according to required final food product.
The specific embodiment
The present invention relates to a kind of method to agricultural product (for example fruit or vegetables) peeling.Especially, described method relates to industry or the business method that is used to process a large amount of vegetables (for example tomato), and the meat from tomato removes skin thus.As a result, produce wholely by the tomato of peeling, described tomato is solid, and meat seldom is damaged, and is used for further processing easily.
This method is from obtaining a certain amount of agricultural product, for example single fruit or vegetables or a large amount of fruit or vegetables.Described agricultural product can be any fruit or vegetables, include, but are not limited to tomato, potato, cucumber, apple, pears and combination (after this being called " vegetables ") thereof.Can handle the vegetables of any amount; But described method is designed for typical case big commerce or commercial quantities.In one embodiment, the amount of processed vegetables is to greater than 500 tons/hour from 1 ton/hour.In another embodiment, prepare the part that described vegetables are criticized processing or process continuously as industry.
In case obtain vegetables, described vegetables are introduced into tank system, be used in further first being processed, cleaning and classification.Described cleaning and initially to prepare be common in described industry, and be used as first step and remove the vegetables that are damaged, and from the contaminant particles of vegetables, contaminant particles is disadvantageous, and has reduced the quality of final food product.In one embodiment, cleaning step comprises a certain amount of water of use or employed any other cleansing medium in described industry.Current any process or the medium that is used for described industry can be used for cleaning and preparing described vegetables, and described process or medium remove impurity and prepare vegetables, are used for following process.
In another embodiment, after vegetables are cleaned or during cleaning process, described vegetables are exposed to a certain amount of organic and inorganic or multienzyme complex or process is come the described vegetables of preliminary treatment and helped to quicken follow-up freezing and the peeling process.Can utilize any method or the medium that use in the current industrial, described method or medium help to quicken described freezing process and the follow-up of described vegetables skin removes.Be exposed to the efficient of pretreated compound or process improvement peeling process and the follow-up output of vegetables meat.
In optional embodiment, dry described vegetables after cleaning and preparation process.Known any method can be used for the surface of dry described vegetables in industry.Synergism will be played by increasing efficient and minimizing required open-assembly time in the surface of dry described vegetables in freezing process.
Vegetables are ready for now and are exposed to frozen/refrigerated medium.In another embodiment, described vegetables are placed in the chamber of precooling or the chamber by precooling or be exposed to the precooling medium, and at the chamber or the precooling medium place of described precooling, vegetables are cooled, and are incorporated in the refrigerant preparing.The known any method of industry that is used for cooling off vegetables can be used for the described vegetables of precooling.In one embodiment, use the precooling chamber that comprises from the gas of refrigerant release, described refrigerant for example is liquid nitrogen gas or Freon 12 gas.Described gas reclaims from refrigerating chamber, and redirect to the precooling chamber, in described precooling chamber, starts cooling procedure.By using the described vegetables of gas precooling of reclaiming, increased the efficient of refrigerating process, and used refrigerant still less to come freezing described vegetables from refrigerant.
Then, described vegetables are exposed to refrigerant.Refrigerant is any medium known in the industry, and described medium is the surface of freezing described vegetables apace, for example liquid nitrogen, Freon 12, chilled brine, liquid oxygen, argon or its combination.By any described refrigerant that causes being exposed to means (known process for exposing in for example submergence, sprinkling, impingement or any industry) management of vegetables skin to described vegetables.In one embodiment, vegetables are immersed in the refrigerant about 1 second to about 60 seconds.Refrigerant is used for coming the freezing described vegetables of part by freezing described vegetable surface, and described vegetable surface comprises the vegetables epidermis and near the part of the meat of the vegetables of vegetable surface.
In another embodiment, the epidermis that refrigerant is exposed to vegetables occurs in the environment that pressure is controlled.Controlled pressure allows following process to carry out under the air pressure of standard.By reducing cryogenic temperature and the surface of freezing described vegetables more promptly, reduce the efficient that pressure has increased refrigerating process.Any known method that is used for controlling the atmospheric pressure that is used for the chamber that vegetable for processing uses in the art can be used for the present invention.
In another embodiment, comprise such step: guarantee the epidermis of vegetables is exposed to refrigerant equably.Described refrigerating chamber can comprise agitation system, and described agitation system is turbulization in liquid or gas refrigeration medium.By stirring described refrigerant, the even exposure of vegetables takes place, move into rapid surface freezing and restriction undue exposure for described vegetables for arbitrary zone on the vegetables.In one embodiment, refrigerating chamber is included in the pump of turbulization in the refrigerant.The recirculation turbulization of refrigerant (for example liquid nitrogen) also is exposed to described vegetables equably.
Then, the vegetables of described surface freezing remove from refrigerating chamber.In one embodiment, in environmental condition, keep the described one end time of vegetables.The time quantum that vegetables keep is from 1 second to about 90 seconds.During this cycle, the surface of described vegetables (comprising skin) begins to thaw.
Then described vegetables are exposed to heat medium.Described heat medium chamber can the described vegetables of Fast Heating in industry any known media on surface, for example but be not limited to hot water, steam, heating element heater, hot liquid and combination thereof.In one embodiment, heat medium is the hot water bath.The freezing vegetables of part are exposed to the thaw epidermis of described vegetables of hot water bath a period of time.In one embodiment, the described time cycle is from about 1 second to about 90 seconds, and described temperature is between about 60 °F to about 212 °F.During this cycle, the epidermis of vegetables and its part that is connected to the meat of vegetables begin to thaw.The described vegetables epidermis that thaws allows easier removing during peeling.
After the skins of vegetables has been heated and has thawed in the hot water bath, process by peeling equipment then.Part is freezed and follow-up thawing is used for the skin of softening vegetables and the cohesive force between the vegetables skin of weakening.Peeling equipment is used for removing described skin from the meat of vegetables.Known method can be used for vegetables are carried out peeling in any industry, the scourer of for example restricting (cord scrubber), nip rolls, hairbrush scourer, fluid power shearing, forced air, manual peeling and combination thereof.Preferably, described peeling equipment will be any mechanical barking device that uses in the current industrial.
In one embodiment, described vegetables are processed by the epidermis cutting equipment.Described epidermis cutting equipment is used for precut described epidermis, increases peeling efficient man-hour when described vegetables add by peeling equipment thus.Any epidermis cutting equipment that is known in the art can be used to remove the skin of described vegetables.Machinery epidermis cutting equipment is included in one group of " cutting " cutter or the blade that transmits accurate linear cut on the softening tomato epidermis.After described epidermis was cut, vegetables " are squeezed " went out its epidermis, causes removing described epidermis from meat.
In another embodiment, may need auxiliary skinning operations to remove any unnecessary skin that remains connected to vegetables.Auxiliary peeling can be any method known in industry, in the perhaps aforesaid method one.
When removing epidermis, the each several part of vegetables, be that the each several part of epidermis and meat is further processed.According to required end product, described vegetables meat can be processed into employed any form in the industry, the vegetables that include, but are not limited to monoblock type, cut into pieces, cut into slices or pulverize.The epidermis of vegetables is further processed and is used for industry, for example in food, pet food manufacturing or other increment processing industry.
Example
Example 1
The cryogenic peeling tomato can produce by obtaining a certain amount of fresh whole tomato.Described then tomato cleans with running water, and removes tomato any damage or that break.After cleaning, tomato is loaded in the dipping baskets to be immersed in the refrigerant (liquid nitrogen).About every dipping baskets loads about 25 pounds tomato.After tomato was loaded in the dipping baskets, described basket was lowered in the liquid nitrogen, in the complete submergence of tomato described in the described liquid nitrogen.The submergence of described tomato continues about 20 seconds.Tomato removes and is immersed in about 200 hot water 30 seconds then from liquid nitrogen.After in immersing liquid nitrogen and hot water, tomato is by traditional peeling machine processing.Peeling machine is an epidermis cutting peeling machine, and described peeling machine is cut in the described epidermis, pushes described vegetables then, thus the meat of described epidermis from tomato is separated.After tomato is removed the peel, carry out further optional processing according to required tomato.
Like this, shown and the method for low temperature to the vegetables peeling be described that described method is finished all purposes and the advantage of looking for.But, obviously, those of ordinary skill will obviously be appreciated that, it is possible for low temperature many changes of the method for vegetables peeling, variation, modification and other being used and use, and such change, variation, modification and other use and are applied under the situation that does not deviate from the spirit and scope of the present invention and are considered to be covered by the present invention, and the present invention is limited by claim described later.
Claims (20)
1. one kind removes the method for epidermis from agricultural product, and wherein said method comprises:
(a) the described agricultural product of precooling;
(b) surface with described agricultural product contacts with refrigerant to produce the freezing agricultural product of part;
(c) part is freezing agricultural product are exposed to heat medium, with the surface of the freezing agricultural product of described part that thaw; With
(d) to the freezing agricultural peeling of part, to produce by the agricultural product of peeling.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein said agricultural product are selected from the group that fruits and vegetables constituted.
3. method according to claim 1, wherein said refrigerant is selected from the group that liquid nitrogen, Freon 12, chilled brine, liquid oxygen, argon or its combination are constituted, and described agricultural product contact the cycle between about 1 second to about 60 seconds with described refrigerant.
4. method according to claim 1, the freezing agricultural product of wherein said part follow closely freezing after, in the cycle that keeps under the environmental condition between about 1 second and about 90 seconds.
5. method according to claim 1, wherein said heat medium is selected from the group that air, steam, heating element heater and liquid constitute, and is in the temperature between about 60 and about 212.
6. method according to claim 1, the freezing agricultural product of wherein said part are exposed to the time cycle between the thermal medium about 1 second and about 90 seconds.
7. method according to claim 1, wherein said method also comprises: described agricultural product are contacted with pretreated compound producing the agricultural product of surface reduction, and described compound is selected from inorganic, organic and group that enzyme is constituted.
8. method according to claim 1, wherein be used for the described method of the freezing agricultural peeling of part is selected from following group, described group is made of following: epidermis cutting peeling machine, rope scourer, nip rolls, hairbrush scourer, fluid power cutting system, forced air, manual peeling and combination thereof.
9. method according to claim 1 wherein is used for producing and is processed formed group by the method for peeling agricultural product from continuous processing and batch processing and select.
10. agricultural product of making according to the method for claim 1.
11. one kind removes the method for epidermis from agricultural product, wherein said method comprises:
(a) surface with described agricultural product contacts with the preliminary treatment compound;
(b) the described agricultural product of precooling;
(c) surface with described agricultural product contacts with refrigerant to produce the freezing agricultural product of part;
(d) the freezing agricultural product of retaining part under environmental condition;
(e) surface of the agricultural product that part is freezing contacts with heat medium, to produce the freezing agricultural product of part that the surface thaws; With
(f) the freezing agricultural peeling of part that the surface is thawed is to produce by the agricultural product of peeling.
12. method according to claim 11, wherein said agricultural product are selected from the group that fruits and vegetables constituted.
13. method according to claim 11, wherein said refrigerant is selected from the group that liquid nitrogen, Freon 12, chilled brine, liquid oxygen, argon or its combination are constituted, and described agricultural product contact the cycle between about 1 second and about 60 seconds with described refrigerant.
14. method according to claim 11, the freezing agricultural product of wherein said part follow closely freezing after, in the cycle that keeps under the environmental condition between about 1 second and about 90 seconds.
15. method according to claim 11, wherein said heat medium is selected from the group that air, steam, heating element heater and liquid constitute, and is in the temperature between about 60 and about 212.
16. method according to claim 11, the freezing agricultural product of wherein said part are exposed to the time cycle between the thermal medium about 1 second and about 90 seconds.
17. method according to claim 11, wherein said preliminary treatment compound is selected from inorganic, organic and group that enzyme is constituted, to produce the agricultural product of surface reduction.
18. method according to claim 11 wherein is used for the described method of the freezing agricultural peeling of part is selected from following group: epidermis cutting peeling machine, rope scourer, nip rolls, hairbrush scourer, fluid power cutting system, forced air, manual peeling and combination thereof.
19. method according to claim 11 wherein is used for producing and is processed formed group by the method for peeling agricultural product from continuous processing and batch processing and select.
20. one kind removes the method for epidermis from tomato, wherein said method comprises:
(a) surface with described tomato contacts with the preliminary treatment compound;
(b) the described tomato of precooling;
(c) surface with described tomato contacts with refrigerant to produce the freezing tomato of part, and described refrigerant is selected from the group that liquid nitrogen, Freon 12, chilled brine, liquid oxygen, argon or its combination are constituted;
(d) the freezing tomato of retaining part under environmental condition;
(e) surface of the tomato that part is freezing and temperature are approximately 60～212 heat medium and contact, to produce the freezing tomato of part that the surface thaws; With
(f) the freezing tomato peeling of part that the surface is thawed is to produce by the tomato of peeling.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US71012105P | 2005-08-22 | 2005-08-22 | |
| US60/710,121 | 2005-08-22 | ||
| US11/466,366 | 2006-08-22 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101355883A true CN101355883A (en) | 2009-01-28 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2006800351389A Pending CN101355883A (en) | 2005-08-22 | 2006-08-22 | Cryogenic peeling process |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103431499A (en) * | 2013-09-26 | 2013-12-11 | 句容市白兔镇唐庄富民葡萄专业合作社 | Apple peeling method |
| CN106690151A (en) * | 2016-05-19 | 2017-05-24 | 李冬 | Juice extraction process realized by normal temperature unfreezing or manual heating for unfreezing, stirring and filtering frozen tomatoes (solanum lycopersicum) |
| CN106900865A (en) * | 2017-04-21 | 2017-06-30 | 蚌埠市和平乳业有限责任公司 | A kind of production method of oat milk |
| CN107028201A (en) * | 2017-01-24 | 2017-08-11 | 海南大学 | A kind of pepper freezes quick peeling method |
| CN107156877A (en) * | 2017-05-16 | 2017-09-15 | 贵州修文瑞源酒庄有限公司 | A kind of Kiwi berry barking method and mashed fruit of kiwi fruit processing method |
| CN110771845A (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2020-02-11 | 筑波乳业株式会社 | Method for producing peeled nuts |
-
2006
- 2006-08-22 CN CNA2006800351389A patent/CN101355883A/en active Pending
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103431499A (en) * | 2013-09-26 | 2013-12-11 | 句容市白兔镇唐庄富民葡萄专业合作社 | Apple peeling method |
| CN103431499B (en) * | 2013-09-26 | 2015-05-13 | 句容市白兔镇唐庄富民葡萄专业合作社 | Apple peeling method |
| CN106690151A (en) * | 2016-05-19 | 2017-05-24 | 李冬 | Juice extraction process realized by normal temperature unfreezing or manual heating for unfreezing, stirring and filtering frozen tomatoes (solanum lycopersicum) |
| CN107028201A (en) * | 2017-01-24 | 2017-08-11 | 海南大学 | A kind of pepper freezes quick peeling method |
| CN106900865A (en) * | 2017-04-21 | 2017-06-30 | 蚌埠市和平乳业有限责任公司 | A kind of production method of oat milk |
| CN107156877A (en) * | 2017-05-16 | 2017-09-15 | 贵州修文瑞源酒庄有限公司 | A kind of Kiwi berry barking method and mashed fruit of kiwi fruit processing method |
| CN110771845A (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2020-02-11 | 筑波乳业株式会社 | Method for producing peeled nuts |
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Application publication date: 20090128 |